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Ectodomain shedding (ES) is a fundamental process involving the proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound proteins, leading to the release of soluble extracellular fragments (shed ectodomains) with potential paracrine and autocrine signaling functions. In the central nervous system (CNS), ES plays pivotal roles in brain development, axonal regulation, synapse formation, and disease pathogenesis, spanning from cancer to Alzheimer's disease. Recent evidence also suggests its potential involvement in neurodevelopmental conditions like autism and schizophrenia. Past investigations of ES in the CNS have primarily relied on cell culture supernatants or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, but these methods have limitations, offering limited insights into how ES is modulated in the intact brain parenchyma. In this study, we introduce a methodology for analyzing shed ectodomains globally within rodent brain samples. Through biochemical tissue subcellular separation, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatic analysis, we show that the brain's soluble fraction sheddome shares significant molecular and functional similarities with in vitro neuronal and CSF sheddomes. This approach provides a promising means of exploring ES dynamics in the CNS, allowing for the evaluation of ES at different developmental stages and pathophysiological states. This methodology has the potential to help us deepen our understanding of ES and its role in CNS function and pathology, offering new insights and opportunities for research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined SEM and TEM studies on the metal (Fe‐Ni alloy ±C) portion of the Vaca Muerta mesosiderite reveal structural and compositional evidence at micro to nanoscale, which sheds light on the solidification of taenite + graphite as a cement, and later solid‐state precipitation process for the kamacite formation as grain boundary allotriomorph. Besides, it is proposed that the graphite veinlets formed through a complex partial melting process followed by a solidification toward the final eutectic transient coupled with the solid‐state precipitation and later decomposition ordering of taenite. The presence of defects and taenite in graphite signal formation in a liquid environment. The δ13C values of graphite in the graphite‐rich areas (e.g., ranging from −0.8 ± 1.7‰ to +15.3 ± 2.5‰) suggest a short‐circuit diffusion path for C isotope fractionation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Amphidinium carterae is a dinoflagellate of increasing interest for producing bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of five irradiances (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 µmol photon m–2 s–1) on the fatty acid profile of A. carterae. The results show that high irradiances increase the lipid productivity (36.65 mg l–1 d–1 at 50 µmol photon m–2 s–1 to 90 mg l–1 d–1 at 250 µmol photon m–2 s–1). High irradiance increased the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) relative to the total content of fatty acids (40.0% at 50 µmol photon m–2 s–1 to 53.23% at 250 µmol photon m–2 s–1) and decreased the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (14.30% at 50 µmol photon m–2 s–1 to 6.04% at 250 µmol photon m–2 s–1). The higher PUFAs content was due to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 20.76% at 50 µmol photon m–2 s–1 to 30.63% at 250 µmol photon m–2 s–1) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 14.91% at 50 µmol photon m–2 s–1 to 18.96% at 250 µmol photon m–2 s–1). Palmitic acid (C16:0) had the highest content among saturated fatty acids (19.87% at 50 µmol photon m–2 s–1 to 22.29% at 250 µmol photon m–2 s–1). The proportion of neutral lipids tended to increase under high irradiances (100–250 µmol photon m–2 s–1). At the lowest irradiance (50 µmol photon m–2 s–1), the proportion of polar lipids was higher than that of neutral lipids. PUFAs had the main content within polar lipids at the five irradiances (47%–50%). The major neutral lipids were SFAs at the five irradiances (47%–51%). It was concluded that the irradiance levels influence the lipid metabolism of A. carterae. The increase in irradiance level raises the production of lipids and the content of EPA and DHA for potential utilization in the biotechnological, aquaculture and nutraceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el presente trabajo se propone una técnica de localizacion 2D para robots móviles. Dicho mecanismo se basa en la utilización de múltiples transmisores y por lo menos un solo receptor situado en el robot. El ámbito de la aplicación se establece en la necesidad de un bajo costo en robots "desechables" para aplicaciones relacionadas con la deteccion de minas antipersonales.

En el presente artículo se presentan un conjunto de técnicas y algoritmos que pueden ser utilizados para incorporar el procesamiento de señales en sistemas embebidos. Su propósito es informar sobre variantes o alternativas a los algoritmos usuales para lograr mejor desempeño de operación o para inclusive poder efectuar este tipo de cálculos en procesadores sencillos.

The irradiance level used in the microalgae cultures can modify the growth and proximate composition; however, this response is specie specific. The dinoflagellate group has the potential to be used as a source of biofuel production. This study evaluated the effect of five irradiance levels (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 µmol photon m−2 s−1) on the growth rate, proximal composition, pigment content, and photosynthesis of Amphidinium carterae. The highest cell concentration was for the cultures at 150 µmol photon m−2 s−1 (130 × 103 cells mL−1) and the lowest value for 50 µmol photon m−2 s−1 (49 × 103 cells mL−1). The cultures maintained under the lowest irradiance had the highest values of organic dry weight (ODW) and inorganic dry weight (IDW). The protein and carbohydrate content changes significantly concerning the irradiance level, with the higher values (1599.46 pg cell−1 and 557.24 pg cell−1, respectively) at an irradiance of 200 µmol photon m−2 s−1. Lipid content was modified by the effect of irradiance, with the highest values (6920.89 pg cell−1) at the lowest irradiance used. As a general trend, the high irradiances increased the photosynthesis rates. These findings demonstrate that the strain of A. carterae used in this work can grow in high irradiances (100 to 250 µmol photon m−2 s−1) and significantly increase the lipid content at low irradiance used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rac1 guanine exchange factor Kalirin-7 is a key regulator of dendritic spine morphology, LTP and dendritic arborization. Kalirin-7 dysfunction and genetic variation has been extensively linked to various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Here we characterize a Kalirin-7 missense mutation, glu1577lys (E1577K), identified in a patient with severe developmental delay. The E1577K point mutation is located within the catalytic domain of Kalirin-7, and results in a robust reduction in Kalirin-7 Rac1 Guanosine exchange factor activity. In contrast to wild type Kalirin-7, the E1577K mutant failed to drive dendritic arborization, spine density, NMDAr targeting to, and activity within, spines. Together these results indicate that reduced Rac1-GEF activity as result of E1577K mutation impairs neuroarchitecture, connectivity and NMDAr activity, and is a likely contributor to impaired neurodevelopment in a patient with developmental delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]