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Electricity can be produced using solar photo.voltaic (SPV) modules. Variable solar energy operational characteristics including irradiance, ambient temperature, wind speed, etc. considerably affect the output voltage and load power of SPV-based systems. DC–DC power converters create extra challenges for the robust design of power converters since they provide a constant voltage to the power line. A more robust control design for the power converter is required due to the characteristics and load patterns of a nonlinear system. This paper explains how to effectively regulate high-order sliding mode (HOSM) in solar photovoltaic isolated flyback converters. Compare the suggested HOSM approach with the usual PI control technique. The proposed HOSM control strategy outperforms conventional PI control techniques in uncertain and perturbed environments. This research also offers a unique technique for avoiding chattering in flyback converters (FCs) through the use of super-twisting sliding modes.

Day by day, the power electronics (PE) application is increasing in hybrid electric vehicles (EV). The power interfacing between the DC link drive and battery is the main issue of EVs. The best choice for this application is the bidirectional flyback converter (BFC). This can be used in a different interface, like load from the grid to the battery, external Genset to the battery, and battery to the load. In this work, a Multiphase BFC Topology is developed for Hybrid EVs. It includes the design of the Sliding mode controller (SMC), which offers superior performance to the existing controller. Due to its separated nature and smaller machinery, it is most favoured in high-voltage applications. The suggested work is executed in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The proposed method is compared with the current controllers like GA-PID, Fuzzy logic controller (FLC). From the experimental outcomes, it is observed that the proposed SMC technique gives better converter performance.

Currently, fossil fuels still dominate as the primary energy source, accounting for around 80% of global output. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected various industries, including the electric power sector. Consequently, the energy industry has recognized the importance of renewable energy sources in addressing environmental concerns and establishing a sustainable future. Recently, microgrid systems based on renewable energy have emerged as crucial players in reducing pollution and promoting environmental sustainability. This paper offers a comprehensive assessment of microgrid systems, starting with the optimal design of the microgrid and extending to the evaluation of its control system. Through a detailed analysis of existing literature and case studies, the review identifies several key findings. Firstly, effective design and control strategies are crucial for optimizing the operation of microgrid's and maximizing their economic and energy management potential. Secondly, the integration of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems can significantly enhance the reliability and resilience of microgrid's. Thirdly, advanced control techniques and optimization algorithms play a vital role in achieving optimal energy management, cost reduction, and efficient load scheduling within microgrid systems. Furthermore, the paper explores energy management, reliability assessment, and economic analysis within the microgrid context. Lastly, the paper highlights the application of cutting-edge trends like artificial intelligence, data analysis, and blockchain in the field of microgrid systems. The numerical results showcase the enhanced reliability and resilience of microgrid's with the integration of energy storage systems, reducing the frequency and duration of power outages by 30% compared to traditional grids.

Population growth and technological improvements are driving up energy demand at all over the world. Due to the lavishness of sunlight, the demand for solar energy for electrification has exploded. This paper describes various trending aspects of the solar energy system under different circumstances. This comprehensive review on solar energy system is based on the different parameters. At the initial level design prospectus of solar cell is assessed through the quantum dots based solar cells, recent trends of solar energy system are explained through the solar powered tree and floating solar power plant, further analysis is application of trending technology such as internet of things, artificial intelligence, data analysis and cognitive approach in the area of solar energy system.

Abstract In order to control dual active bridge conventionally, control scheme such as single phase shift is used which reduces the system efficiency particularly when voltage conversion ratio differs from unity. This causes more circulating power and high current stress in switches. Moreover, voltage obtained at primary side of high frequency transformer is of two‐level only, which increases voltage stress across it. Furthermore, it has only one degree of freedom which confines its ability to regulate power flow. In this paper, a transistor clamped dual active bridge dc–dc converter is proposed with three degrees of freedom which improves its ability to regulate power flow, and because of incorporation of five‐level voltage on primary side of high frequency transformer, current stress in switches and voltage stress across high frequency transformer reduces. Mathematical modelling for the proposed converter is done for obtaining power flow equation. In addition to the phase shift control, proposed converter has two more control parameter which enhances the power flow controllability of the converter. Comparative analysis with conventional dual active bridge shows that the proposed converter is having more efficiency. Performance of the proposed converter is verified via simulation and hardware implementation.