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Introducción: Este reporte presenta el caso de un paciente colombiano adulto, de sexo masculino, sin antecedentes de trombocitopenia ni trastornos hematológicos, que desarrolló una púrpura trombocitopénica autoinmune paucisintomática leve y crónica, una rara complicación posterior a la vacunación con ARNm contra el virus SARS-CoV-2. Hasta donde se sabe, este es el primer caso documentado en Colombia de púrpura trombocitopénica autoinmune asociada al uso de vacunas de ARNm (BNT162b2 o ARNm-1273), con un seguimiento clínico integral de 2 años. Descripción del caso: El paciente recibió la primera y segunda dosis de la vacuna de ARNm BNT162b2 en junio de 2021, la primera dosis de refuerzo en noviembre de 2021 (ARNm-1273) y la segunda dosis de refuerzo (ARNm BNT162b2) en junio de 2022. Se documentó trombocitopenia (

Introduction: Epidermal growth factor precursor is immersed in the context to Platelets membrane. The regular procedure to obtain serum implies a barrier to biological understanding of the theoretical meaning of its values. Objective: To describe the effect to modified procedure to measure sample epidermal growth factors and the possible biological implications for this. Method: An in vitro experimental study was carried put, with blood samples from individuals with apparent health history, in adulthood. Serum epidermal growth factor precursor values were determined with the UMELISA-EGF kit recommended by the manufacturer; the experimental variation in sample collection was carried out according to SAMERSAC recommendations for platelet-rich plasma, with adjustments. Results: The average age was 45.89± 3.35 years, in a range of 27 to 62 years. The female sex predominates in a 1.8:1 ratio. Application of the experimental procedure showed significant and notable differences between the epidermal growth factor values (g=17.7; p=0.0001-23); no linear correlation was evident between the values (r= 0.1305; p= 0.6843). The "reserve" value was on average 1498.61 ±160.68 pg*mL-1, observing large effect differences, as well as a similar behavior to a transition value. The observed data suggest, a posteriori, consumption effect on the course of platelet lysis under standard conditions. Conclusions: Epidermal growth factor values are higher after platelet isolation; the existence of an intraplatelet reserve of epidermal growth factor is plausible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and aims: We aimed to investigate changes in initial platelet indices in patients arriving at the emergency department with acute cholecystitis. Material and methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Demographics, comorbidities, laboratory data, length of hospital stay, and mortality data for the acute cholecystitis group were retrospectively obtained from the hospital digital database. Platelet count, mean platelet volume, plateletcrit, platelet distribution width, and platelet mass index were collected. Results: A total of 553 patients with acute cholecystitis were the study cases, and 541 hospital employees were the study controls. According to the results of the multivariate analysis of the platelet indices studied, only mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width showed significant differences between the two groups (adjusted odds ratio: 2, 95% confidence interval: 1.4−2.7, p

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Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease with a decrease in the value of platelets and a risk of bleeding. The diagnosis is made after excluding other causes for the condition. In the elderly, IPT has the potential for greater complications due to previous comorbidities and medication use. The present study aims to report a case of IPT in an elderly patient and discuss the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. In the report described the diagnosis of IPT was made after excluding myelodysplasia, a common differential diagnosis in the elderly, and the patient did not respond adequately to first-line treatment with corticosteroids, resulting in the need to adjust the antihypertensive medication as a complication. Second-line treatment was initiated, the patient presented control of the disease, was discharged from hospital, and maintained outpatient follow-up without complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the relationship between PLR with GRACE and TIMI score in ACS patients. Materials and method: This study included 1,000 ACS patients who were assigned to the Cardiology Department at Dustira Army Hospital. Patient examination and medical record were completed from January 2019 to June 2020. Results: The GRACE risk score was substantially greater in the high PLR group compared to the moderate and low PLR groups [158 (144-174), 130 (114.5-149) and 124 (104- 147.75)], respectively (p < 0.000). Similarly, the high PLR group had significantly higher TIMI scores for unstable angina pectoris (UAP), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) than the moderate and low PLR groups [3 (3-4), 3 (3-4), 3 (3-3), p = 0.001; 5 (4-5), 4 (4-5), 4.5 (4-5), p < 0.000, and 6 (5-7), 6 (5-6), 6 (5.5-6), p = 0.003]. In addition, GRACE risk score (r = 0.314, p < 0.000), TIMI risk score for UAP (r = 0.365, p < 0.000), TIMI risk score for NSTEMI (r = 0.314, p = 0.001), and TIMI risk score for STEMI (r = 0.227, p = 0.001) also had a favorable link with PLR. Conclusion: PLR is an inexpensive, convenient and reproducible laboratory marker in routine clinical practice that could predict the prognosis in patients with ACS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objetivos. Evaluar la variación de los perfiles hematológicos antes, durante y después del tratamiento de pacientes infectados con malaria no complicada por Plasmodium vivax (Pv) y P. falciparum (Pf) en una población de la región Loreto. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó entre 2010 y 2012, en Zungarococha (Iquitos). Los 425 participantes tuvieron tres visitas (visita 1-día 0-antes del tratamiento, visita 2-día 7-durante tratamiento, visita 3-día 28-después del tratamiento), hemograma completo, diagnóstico microscópico y molecular (PCR). Resultados. En la primera visita, se encontraron 93 (21,9%) positivos a Pv y 34 (8,0%) a Pf. Todos los positivos mostraron una reducción en los indicadores hematológicos de hematocrito, recuento de glóbulos blancos (RGB), neutrófilos abastonados y segmentados, eosinófilos y plaquetas (p

The detection of the most significant erythrocyte antigens present in each one of the individuals is fundamental when carrying out a transfusion or a transplant. Detection to date is performed by conventional serological methods through the antigen-antibody reaction. But several drawbacks may arise depending on the pathology under study, limiting the availability of blood components. Molecular methods such as genotyping is a tool that complements sensitivity and specificity and has come to revolutionize immunohematology in the blood bank, allowing not only the detection of erythrocyte antigens but also platelet antigens. These methodologies are applicable in patients and in large-scale donors, starting from the allelic variants present in each of the genes that code for the antigens of clinical interest, using microarray systems or systems based on particles labeled with specific probes or their variants that allow an analysis from the immunohematological point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: los cambios en el ácido desoxirribonucleico se conocen como mutaciones, estas dan lugar a los polimorfismos, los cuales generan variación alélica entre individuos y diversidad de la misma especie. Se ha sugerido que los polimorfismos genéticos en los mediadores inmunitarios desempeñan un papel fundamental en la patogénesis de muchos trastornos autoinmunes, como en la púrpura trombocitopénica inmune, siendo esta el tipo más común de púrpura trombocitopénica y, a menudo, se diagnostica como un tipo de trastorno autoinmune, debido a la destrucción de las plaquetas mediadas por el sistema inmunitario. Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre el papel de los polimorfismos genéticos y su influencia en el desarrollo de la púrpura trombocitopénica inmune. Métodos: se realizó revisión literaria en inglés y español en PubMed y Elsevier, desde marzo hasta mayo del 2021, con el uso de combinación de palabras clave y términos MeSH, como púrpura trombocitopénica y polimorfismos genéticos. Se realizó análisis y resumen de la literatura encontrada. Conclusión: la púrpura trombocitopénica inmune es considerada como una patología multifactorial, causada por factores ambientales y genéticos, dentro de los cuales se encuentran los polimorfismos para los mediadores inmunitarios que pueden llevar a una exacerbación de la enfermedad o no intervenir en la misma.

Introduction. Exsanguinating hemorrhage is the first preventable cause of death for combatants in armed conflicts, thus making the possibility of transfusing blood components early an absolutely essential benefit during health care for casualties generated in military operations. Throughout the numerous conflicts that have occurred during the past century, there have been important changes in the hemotherapy treatment of casualties along with an evolution of the health doctrine regarding this issue. In some massive transfusion protocols, the diagnostic technique of thromboelastometry (TE) has been used. TE is a test that shows the viscoelastic properties of blood from clot formation to fibrinolysis, evaluates platelet function and correlates quickly with the physiological process of hemostasis. The main objective of this study is the evaluation in vitro of the hemostatic capacity of the various cold, frozen and fresh platelet concentrates through standardized coagulation tests and thromboelastometry, clarifying whether the contribution to the clot is signi- ficantly improved with cold platelet pools (preserved at 4ºC), compared to fresh and frozen platelets. It is also intended to determine what advantages would be the incorporation of cold platelets in transfusion medicine performed in the military environment. Material and methods. An experimental study was designed to compare cold (refrigerated), frozen and fresh (conventional) platelets in vitro, analyzing their performance and effectiveness through systematic blood analysis, routine laboratory coagulation mechanisms (Prothrombin Time, Prothrombin Activity, Cephalin and Fibrinogen) and Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM). A sample of 20 healthy patients was recruited, after informing them in writing and obtaining the mandatory informed consent, they donated 6 tubes with 10 ml citrate. of blood per patient. For the comparison, the data collected from the performance of the ROTEM between baseline and experimental samples (after platelet transfusion) were normally distributed and analyzed using the paired Student's t-test and were analyzed by multiple linear regression, adjusting and not adjusting according to the platelet count. Approval was obtained from the Drug Research Ethics Committee and the hospital research committee. Results. The mean of the EXTEM CT parameter is significantly lower in the sample with frozen platelets compared to that of tempered and normal platelets. The mean of the EXTEM CFT parameter is significantly lower in the sample with normal platelets compared to that of frozen platelets. The mean of the EXTEM CFT parameter is significantly lower in the sample with frozen platelets compared to that of tempered platelets. The mean of the Platelet Index parameter is significantly higher in the sample with normal platelets compared to that of tempered platelets. The mean of the MCE PI parameter is significantly higher in the sample with tempered platelets compared to that of frozen platelets. Conclusion. After evaluating the hemostatic capacity in vitro using standardized coagulation tests and thromboelastometry, tempered platelets significantly improve the maximum elasticity of the clot in relation to platelet count compared to frozen platelets, but not compared to fresh platelets. The incorporation of tempered platelets in transfusion medicine in the military environment would be another treatment alternative for discharge with exsanguinating hemorrhage and would provide logistical advantages by increasing the shelf life of standard platelets from seven to twenty-one days and simplifying processing, transportation and Reconstitution of the blood component to the liquid medium as it is not necessary to freeze it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: characterize patients with thrombocytopenia in a third level-ofcomplexity institution in Medellín, Colombia. Materials and methods: a retrospective descriptive study was carried out, which included all patients with thrombocytopenia-related diagnosis treated in a level-of-complexity institution in the city of Medellin, during the January 2016 to December 2017-time period. A non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases was done. Results: 25 patients with thrombocytopenia were included. 80% of them (20) corresponded to children under 1 year of age and 20% (5) to people over 18 years of age, 52% (13) were male. Median in-hospital stay for adults was 10 days with a P25 of 5 and P75 of 39, for those aged <1 year, it was 32 (P25: 15 and P75: 53.25). 80% (20) of the patients were classified with unspecified thrombocytopenia, the remaining 20% (5) with secondary thrombocytopenia. The platelet counts in adults had a median of 95.000 cells/mm3 (P25: 67.000 and P75: 122.00) and in <1 year the median was 79.000 cells/mm3 (P25: 53.750 and P75: 109.750). Conclusions: thrombocyto penia was more common in children under 1 year and in the male sex, requiring longer hospital stays. Thrombocytopenia for both groups was classified as mild and according to its diagnosis as unspecified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To evaluate the variation of hematological profiles of patients infected with uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax (Pv) and P. falciparum (Pf) malaria before, during and after treatment in a population of the Loreto region. Materials and methods. This study was conducted between 2010 and 2012, in Zungarococha (Iquitos). The 425 participants had three visits (visit 1-day 0-before treatment, visit 2-day 7-during treatment, visit 3-day 28-after treatment), complete blood count, microscopic and molecular diagnosis (PCR). Results. At the first visit, 93 (21.9%) participants were found positive for Pv and 34 (8.0%) for Pf. All positives showed a reduction in hematocrit, white blood cell count (WBC), ablated and segmented neutrophils, eosinophils and platelets (p<0.001) compared to the negative group. A higher percentage of ablated neutrophils was found in Pf and segmented neutrophils in Pv compared to the negative group. Variations in hematological profiles were observed after treatment for both species; ablated neutrophils decreased, platelets increased, eosinophils increased at day 7 and declined at day 28, hematocrit and segmented neutrophils decreased at day 7 and normalized at day 28. Interspecies differences over time showed a bigger daily decrease in ablated neutrophils in Pv-infected when compared to Pf. Conclusions. The hematological profile in uncomplicated malaria-positive patients varies over time during and after treatment. These are indicators of disease progression and help in the therapeutic surveillance of Plasmodium-infected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scant evidence on the use of transfusions in neonatal care explains the limitations of current clinical guidelines. Despite this, in this document we explore the most recent evidence to make recommendations for the clinical practice. The prevention of anaemia of prematurity, the use of protocols and restrictive transfusion strategies constitute the best approach for clinicians in this field. In the case of platelet transfusions, the risk of bleeding must be assessed, combining clinical and laboratory features. Lastly, fresh frozen plasma is recommended in neonates with coagulopathy and active bleeding, with congenital factor deficiencies for which there is no specific treatment or with disseminated intravascular coagulation. All blood products have adverse effects that warrant a personalised and thorough assessment of the need for transfusion. Resumen: La escasa evidencia sobre el uso de las transfusiones en neonatología explica las limitaciones de las guías clínicas actuales. A pesar de ello, en este documento analizamos la evidencia más reciente para hacer unas recomendaciones para la práctica clínica. La prevención de la anemia de la prematuridad, el uso de protocolos y las indicaciones restrictivas de transfusión, componen la mejor estrategia para nuestros clínicos. En las transfusiones de plaquetas, es preciso valorar el riesgo de sangrado, integrando la situación clínica y analítica. Por último, el plasma fresco congelado está recomendado en neonatos con coagulopatía y sangrado activo, en déficits congénitos de factores sin tratamiento específico y en situaciones de coagulación intravascular diseminada. Todos los hemoderivados presentan efectos adversos que deben hacernos evaluar individual y minuciosamente la necesidad de una transfusión.

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El desarrollo de biomarcadores de la proteína tau para el diagnóstico temprano de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) emerge como un desafío fundamental, pudiendo mejorar la efectividad de un tratamiento preventivo o que enlentezca la progresión de la enfermedad. Esta revisión analiza las evidencias que justificarían el uso de la proteína tau como biomarcador en Alzheimer preclínico. Para esto se seleccionaron artículos científicos (2011-2021) que incluyeran a la proteína tau en plasma y plaquetas como biomarcador. La presencia de la proteína tau fosforilada en el líquido cefalorraquídeo presenta limitaciones por su carácter invasivo mientras que las técnicas de imagen son costosas. La medición de tau en plaquetas se correlaciona con la severidad de la demencia, y sería útil en el seguimiento de la EA. Sin embargo, la pertinencia de su uso en la detección temprana de EA se mantiene en discusión. La presencia de proteína tau fosforilada en plasma correspondería al biomarcador con mayor nivel de desarrollo, respecto de beta amiloide. La proteína tau plasmática detecta la EA con gran precisión en casos de demencia y ha sido validada por estudios neuropatológicos. p-tau217 plasmática medida por primera vez junto a técnicas de imagen, fue importante en la etapa preclínica de EA pudiendo predecir la formación de ovillos neurofibrilares. La correlación entre especies fosforiladas de tau en plasma y EA preclínica ha sido bien establecida, por lo que su uso como biomarcador podría ser de utilidad para la comprensión del proceso fisiopatológico de la neurodegeneración y la detección temprana de EA.

The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected the health services and day-to-day lives of billions of people around the world. COVID-19 is a lung infection that causes mild to severe symptoms. It is known that the hemostatic disorder resulting from this infection produces an immune response that triggers the activation of coagulation factors and thrombin release, communicating the pathways of humoral and cellular amplification causing thromboinflammation. Thromboembolic events represent an important portion of potentially fatal consequences in patients who have evolved to severe form and secondary complications, especially in survivors with post-covid syndrome. This article is an integrative revisional study of the literature that analyzes the events already reported. PubMed and Scielo databases were used to search for the main thromboembolic events resulting from this infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The most common disease of anus is hemorrhoids. The definition of external hemorrhoids suggests the acute phase, often characterized by thrombosis or edema. External thrombosed hemorrhoid is a specific complication. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of different platelet parameters in the presence of internal or external thrombosed hemorrhoids. Methods: Patients examined were divided into two groups: Group 1: Thrombosed hemorrhoids group (THG), Group 2: Hemorrhoidectomy group (HG). Demographic and clinical data were identified. In terms of laboratory findings, preoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit and all platelet parameters were recorded. Main results: Fifty-two patients in THG, and 75 patients in HG were included in the study. In female sex and young age group, the risk of developing thrombosed hemorrhoids was statistically significant (p = 0.029, p = 0.039, respectively). When the platelet parameters were evaluated; while PDW was higher in THG (p = 0.008), any significant difference could not found in all other values (p > 0.05). Thrombosed hemorrhoids were mostly (59.25%) found to be located in the left laterodorsal part of anus. Conclusion: Internal hemorrhoids are frequently seen in the ages of 45–65 with similar rates in both sexes, while external thrombosed hemorrhoids occur at a younger age ( 0,05). A maioria das hemorróidas trombosadas (59,25%) localizava-se na região lateral-dorsal esquerda do ânus. Conclusão: As hemorróidas internas são frequentemente vistas nas idades de 45 a 65 anos com taxas semelhantes em ambos os sexos, enquanto as hemorróidas externas trombosadas ocorrem em uma idade mais jovem (

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade dos parâmetros hematológicos em diferentes tempos de armazenamento e temperatura. Utilizou-se sangue total de 7 cães (Canis lupus familiaris), hígidos. As amostras foram divididas em 2 alíquotas de 2 mL acondicionadas em tubos de EDTA- K3, conservadas em temperatura ambiente a 22ºC e sob refrigeração 4ºC, nos seguintes intervalos de tempo T0h, T6h, T12h, T24h, T48h. Os exames foram realizados em analisador hematológico SDH-3 VET®. As variáveis hematológicas se mostraram estáveis ao longo do tempo com exceção das hemácias que sofreram variação no T12h em temperatura ambiente e as plaquetas que no T6h em temperatura ambiente e sob refrigeração mantiveram-se abaixo do intervalo de referência. Conclui-se que as amostras de cães analisados pela tecnologia de impedância, mais especificamente pelo equipamento labtest SDH-3 VET®, mostraram-se estáveis por 48 horas para contagem de hemácias, concentração de hemoglobina, hematócrito e leucócitos totais, porém a contagem de plaquetas deverá ser realizada com amostras colhidas em até 6 horas.

Introduction: Although primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is rare in childhood, it is the most frequent cause of thrombocytopenia. There have been attempts to establish risk factors to predict the progression of the disease in order to optimise its management, which has changed in recent years due to, among other reasons, specialised care. Material and methods: A retrospective, observational and analytical study was conducted on patients diagnosed with ITP over a 3-year period in a Paediatric Haematology specialist clinic. Results: From the epidemiological, clinical and analytical point of view, the characteristics of this group are similar to others. Most of the patients (23/31, 74.2 %) had ITP for less than 12 months, with there being no serious complications related to the disease or the treatment received. It was established that risk factors were related to being slowly evolving (lower event-free survival (EFS)) with no statistical significance, female gender, age over 10 years, leukopenia absence of initial severe thrombocytopenia, and non-specialised care. The absence of a history of infection was significantly related to a lower EFS. Conclusions: The epidemiological and analytical risk factors for a slowly evolving ITP are the same that described in the literature. Patients treated before the beginning of specialised care also had a lower EFS. These data seem to support the current recommendation that rare diseases should be managed in specialised units. Resumen: Introducción: La trombopenia inmune primaria (PTI) es poco frecuente en la infancia, pero es la causa más habitual de trombopenia. Se han intentado establecer factores de riesgo para predecir su evolución, con el objetivo de poder optimizar su manejo, que se ha modificado en los últimos años, debido entre otros factores, a una atención más especializada. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y analítico de los pacientes con PTI, en un periodo de 3 años, en una consulta especializada en Hematología Pediátrica. Resultados: Desde el punto de vista epidemiológico, clínico y analítico, las características de esta serie son similares a las de otros grupos. La mayoría de los pacientes (23/31; 74.2 %) presentaron una PTI de duración menor de 12 meses, sin complicaciones graves relacionadas con la enfermedad ni con el tratamiento. Se establecieron como factores de riesgo relacionados con una evolución tórpida (supervivencia libre de eventos (SLE) menor), sin alcanzar la significación estadística, el sexo femenino, la edad mayor de 10 años, la leucopenia, la ausencia de trombopenia grave inicial y la atención no especializada. La ausencia de antecedente de infección se relacionó significativamente con una SLE menor. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo de evolución tórpida de PTI epidemiológicos y analíticos de este estudio coinciden con los descritos en la literatura. Presentaron una SLE menor los pacientes tratados antes del inicio de la atención especializada. Estos datos parecen apoyar la recomendación actual de que las enfermedades poco frecuentes, como ésta, se controlen en unidades especializadas.

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Background: Multiple infections, nutrient deficiencies and inflammation (MINDI) occur in indigenous communities, but their associations with perinatal outcomes have not been described. Objective: To assess maternal and cord blood micronutrient and inflammation status in peripartum mothers from the Ngäbe-Buglé comarca in Panama, and their associations with placental and infant outcomes. Methods: In 34 mother-newborn dyads, placental weight and diameter were measured, and maternal and cord blood were processed for complete cell counts, serum C-reactive protein, ferritin, serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), vitamins A and D. Blood volumes were calculated using Nadler's formula. Results: Mothers had low plasma volume (<2.8 L, 96%), vitamin A (52.9%), vitamin D (29.4%), iron (58.8%) and hemoglobin (23.5%), but high hematocrit (>40%, 17.6%) and inflammation (C-reactive protein >8.1 mg/L, 85.3%). Birthweights were normal, but low placental weight (35.3%), low head circumference Z-scores (17.6%), and low cord hemoglobin (5.9%), iron (79.4%), vitamin A (14.7%) and vitamin D (82.3%) were identified. Maternal and cord vitamin D were highly correlated. Higher maternal plasma volume was associated with heavier placentae (ß= 0.57), and higher cord D (ß= 0.43) and eosinophils (ß= 0.43) with larger placentae. Hemoconcentration (higher cord hematocrit) was associated with lower newborn weight (ß= -0.48) and head circumference (ß= -0.56). Inflammation [higher maternal neutrophils (ß= -0.50), and cord platelets (ß= -0.32)] was associated with lower newborn length and head circumference. Conclusion: Maternal-newborn hemoconcentration, subclinical inflammation and multiple nutrient deficiencies, particularly neonatal vitamin D deficiency, were identified as potential targets for interventions to improve pregnancy outcomes in vulnerable communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La transfusión sanguínea es un procedimiento comúnmente utilizado; en el cual el paciente recibe sangre o sus componentes con el fin de mejorar la calidad de vida y que esto contribuya con la recuperación total o parcial de la salud de aquellos pacientes que hacen uso de esta práctica. Este procedimiento esta destinado a salvar vidas cuando se pierde en una cirugía, en enfermedades, en trastornos hemorrágicos, lesiones o cuando una enfermedad impide que el cuerpo produzca sangre o algunos componentes. Las transfusiones pueden ser de cada uno de sus componentes (glóbulos rojos, glóbulos blancos, plasma y plaquetas) o pueden ser transfusiones que contiene todos los componentes (no es tan frecuente). En general, las transfusiones de sangre no presentan complicaciones; aunque se han evidenciado riesgos y efectos adversos. Los órganos hepáticos, cardiovascular, hematológico y renal son los que se ven comprometidos a causa de complicaciones transfusionales.

The complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most used monitoring tools in pediatric emergencies due to its versatility, availability and low cost. This allows a more objective approach to the patient, especially those signs and symptoms that he does not report, due to his age, or is unknown. Objective: To characterize the abnormalities found in the BCC in a Pediatric Emergency Room of a Hospital. Methodology: A prospective descriptive study was carried out. Age (age group), reason for consultation (ICD10) was considered. CBC's Red Blood Cell Count (RBC), Hematocrit (% HTO), White Blood Cell Count (WBC) and Platelets (PLT). Due to the variability of the data, these were adjusted to three levels (High, Normal, Decreased) and were shown in percentage representation. Statistical analyzes were performed in R-CRAN. Results: Of the 718 patients who reached the PER, 351 met the inclusion criteria. With an age of 5 ± 5 years, 52.9% were girls. The age group with the highest frequency was early childhood (0 - 5 years) with 63.3%. The most frequent diagnoses were those associated with symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not classified elsewhere (R00-R99) with 43.3%. The parameters that were most frequently decreased in the CBC were HB (64.39%) and% HTO (57.83%), the one that most frequently increased was Monocytes 77.78%. The MON, LEU and NEU, for the group of Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Conclusion: CBC is a good indicator for sepsis and nutritional status of patients, so it must be carefully reviewed in order to establish the causes of its variations in PER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Los defectos óseos alrededor de los implantes dentales son considerados patologías que afectan el soporte y estabilidad del implante dental lo que limita la oseointegración. El tratamiento de estos defectos óseos involucra procedimientos de regeneración ósea guiada (ROG) que se define como la reproducción o reconstitución de una parte perdida o dañada del tejido óseo periimplantario con el fin de restaurar su arquitectura y función. El plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) y el plasma rico en fibrina (PRF) son concentrados de plaquetas autólogos ampliamente usados en la regeneración periodontal y ROG; sin embargo, sus resultados clínicos, histológicos y radiográficos son discutidos cuando se tratan defectos óseos alrededor de implantes dentales. En la presente revisión se realizó una búsqueda de la información mediante las bases de datos de diferentes buscadores (PubMed, SciELO, Redalyc y ScienceDirect) para encontrar artículos que traten sobre el uso de los concentrados plaquetarios (PRP y PRF) en la terapia de la regeneración ósea guiada. Clínicamente, los concentrados plaquetarios otorgan resultados favorables en la reducción de la profundidad de sondaje y ganancia de nivel de inserción clínica en el tratamiento de defectos infraóseos periodontales. Histológicamente, los concentrados plaquetarios favorecen la neoformación ósea aumentando la velocidad de regeneración ósea. Radiográficamente, los concentrados plaquetarios favorecen el aumento de densidad ósea, relleno óseo y tejido mineralizado. Con ello, se logra una reducción significativa del tamaño del defecto óseo.

El plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) ha sido utilizado en distintos tipos de cirugías ortopédicas, incluyendo músculos, hueso, tendones y ligamentos. El PRP podría acelerar o mejorar el proceso reparativo, permitiendo un retorno precoz a las actividades deportivas de los pacientes. El PRP se obtiene de la sangre autóloga, la cual es centrifugada, obteniendo plaquetas y factores de crecimiento en cantidades superiores a la sangre normal. La combinación de reparación meniscal con el uso de PRP no ha atraído la misma cantidad de investigación científica que la cirugía ligamentosa. Hasta el momento, pocos estudios sobre el tema han sido publicados, y la mayoría de ellos con números insuficientes para probar el efecto del PRP en las reparaciones. Con la evidencia actualmente disponible no podemos asegurar la utilidad del PRP como aumentación de reparaciones meniscales, sin embargo, nueva evidencia nos indica que en pacientes donde existiría bajo potencial de cicatrización (lesiones aisladas, indicación extendida) podría existir una indicación.

Con el objetivo de establecer los límites de referencia de analitos hematológicos de cabras adultas de razas productoras de leche clínicamente sanas, sujetas al manejo y a las características de los sistemas de producción intensiva del Altiplano Mexicano, se recolectaron y analizaron muestras de sangre de cabras de 2 o más años de edad en diferentes etapas de producción. Con los resultados se obtuvieron los límites de referencia para hematocrito, cuenta de eritrocitos, volumen globular medio (VGM), plaquetas, sólidos totales, fibrinógeno, cuenta de leucocitos, neutrófilos segmentados, neutrófilos en banda, linfocitos, monocitos, eosinófilos y basófilos. Las medias obtenidas para cada analito fueron: hematocrito (0,22-0,36 L/L), cuenta de eritrocitos (9,07-18,47 x1012/L), volumen globular medio (VGM) (14,44-27,91), plaquetas (229-3 1 63 x109/L), solidos totales (65,64-84,64 g/L), fibrinógeno (0-6 g/L), cuenta de leucocitos (3,75-11,47 x109/L), neutrófilos segmentados (0,95-4,98 x109/L), neutrófilos en banda (0-0,16 x109/L), linfocitos (1,76-6,44 x109/L), monocitos (0-0,65 x109/L), eosinófilos (0-1,36 x109/L) y basófilos (0 - 0,37 x109/L). Estos valores se compararon con los obtenidos en otros estudios similares, y se encontraron algunas diferencias mayoritariamente en los valores obtenidos para hematocrito, eritrocitos, VGM, plaquetas, leucocitos y linfocitos, lo cual se debe a las diferencias en condiciones medioambientales y de alimientación entre los estudios.

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The goal of this study is to develop a more rigorous understanding of the P2Y12 receptor first described in blood platelets where it plays a central role in the complex processes of activation and aggregation. P2Y12 receptors are 7-membrane- spanning proteins coupled to G proteins, which are activated by nucleotides, extracellular signaling molecules that are released from damaged cells or secreted via nonlytic mechanisms during inflammatory, ischemic, and hypoxic conditions. It is the drug targets for inhibition of platelet aggregation. We paid attention to structure and properties that provide essential insights for the development of improved P2Y12R ligands and allosteric modulators as drug candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary immune thrombocytopenia, formerly known as immune thrombocytopenia purpura, is the clinical condition characterized by the decrease of the platelets total population mediated by the presence of antibodies antigens against platelets membrane, which causes an accelerated destruction and even inhibits the production of new platelets. The mucotaneous hemorrhages are predominant, the petechia are the most common. This is classified according to the time of evolution, the severity of the symptoms and the originating cause. It is a diagnosis of exclusion, since it doesn't have a specific diagnostic test. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the knowledge of the etiology, physiology, diagnosis and treatment of the primary immune thrombocytopenia; it is a diagnosis that one must have in mind during clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antecedentes: la osteoartritis canina (OAC)‚ es una enfermedad articular degenerativa que progresivamente desencadena dolor y limitación de movimiento‚ impactando negativamente la calidad de vida‚ tanto del paciente como de su propietario al aumentar la carga económica y sicosocial de tener un animal de compañía enfermo. Hasta el momento no se han desarrollado intervenciones terapéuticas curativas y las estrategias recomendadas tienen efectos adversos asociados a su uso prolongado. La administración de plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) ha demostrado ser una alternativa terapéutica segura‚ rápida y poco costosa. Sin embargo‚ la insuficiente uniformidad en los métodos de obtención‚ procesamiento y aplicación‚ limitan el uso de estos productos y puede generar sobrevaloración de sus beneficios. Debido a lo anterior‚ es necesario analizar objetivamente las publicaciones más recientes acerca del uso de PRP en OAC. Objetivo: analizar de manera sistemática las publicaciones indexadas en bases de datos sobre el potencial terapéutico y la seguridad del PRP en el manejo de la OAC. Métodos: se analizaron las bases de datos PubMed y Web of Science desde el 2015 hasta 2022 con los términos de búsqueda (((PRP) AND (Osteoarthritis)) AND (Canine)) AND (Dog))). Se incluyeron diez estudios clínicos donde el PRP fue la principal forma de tratamiento. Adicionalmente se analizaron los resultados objetivos como escalas de dolor‚ de cojera y análisis de marcha para confirmar la eficacia de la intervención. Resultados: se encontró que cinco estudios no utilizaron ninguna forma de activación del PRP‚ mientras que solo tres publicaciones informaron explícitamente el método de activación. El dolor y la función fueron las medidas de resultados más frecuentemente evaluadas mediante metrología clínica. Finalmente‚ dos estudios no reportaron efectos adversos y solo un estudio no reportó mejoría con la implementación del PRP. Conclusiones: a pesar de que los estudios apoyan explícitamente el uso de PRP como terapia para la OAC‚ la evidencia existente carece de rigor científico y metodológico‚ lo que previene la amplia utilización de estas intervenciones para el tratamiento de la OAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mudanças de hábitos da população repercutiram de forma significativa no cuidado e na relação com os animais de companhia. Esses hábitos, somados aos avanços na medicina veterinária, fazem com que cães vivam mais e que patologias características do envelhecimento sejam mais frequentes. Dentre as patologias, destacam-se as doenças musculoesqueléticas, alterações metabólicas, cardiopatias, problemas renais, alterações cognitivas e neoplasias. Dentro desse contexto, esse estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma análise retrospectiva dos exames realizados em cães com idade superior a oito anos, no período de setembro de 2018 a março de 2019, na Clínica Veterinária do Centro Universitário Ingá. Foram levantados dados referentes aos animais como idade, raça, sexo e resultados de hemogramas e testes bioquímicos realizados. No período avaliado foram identificados 145 cães com idade superior a 8 anos, sendo 90 machos (62%) e 55 fêmeas (32%). Com relação a raça, 50% não possuía raça definida (SRD). Entre os parâmetros hematológicos avaliados observou-se que a média de eritrócitos foi de 6,22x106/µL, a de concentração de hemoglobina foi 14,22 g/dL e a do hematócrito foi de 41,29%. Cinquenta e dois animais (35,86%) apresentaram anemia. Em relação à série branca, em 34 cães (23,44%) observou-se leucocitose e em apenas 8 (5,51%) leucopenia, sendo a média de leucócitos totais igual a 14.250/µL. Em relação às plaquetas, a média foi de 323.151/µL, com 34 animais (23,44%) apresentando trombocitopenia e 21 (14,48%) trombocitose. Nas avaliações bioquímicas, os exames mais solicitados foram creatinina e ALT, sendo que 24 animais (16,55%) apresentaram valores acima da referência para um dos parâmetros e 4 apresentaram alterações em ambos. Foi possível concluir que anemia e trombocitopenia foram as alterações mais visualizadas nos cães idosos. Esses achados reforçam a importância da realização de exames e avaliações médicas periódicas, uma vez que os exames geriátricos ajudam a identificar precocemente os problemas, em vez de esperar pelos sinais tardios e óbvios de uma doença grave. Com esses resultados em mãos, os veterinários clínicos podem ter uma abordagem melhor na manutenção dos animais idosos, contribuindo para o prolongamento e melhoria da qualidade de vida desses animais.

Copyright of Revista Saúde is the property of Revista Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To compare the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios as possible parameters of systemic inflammation in hyperglycemic and normoglycemic subjects. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of data collected from patients tested for fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood count on the same day, between July and December 2016. Patients were divided into hyperglycemic and normoglycemic, and matched by age and sex. The data were analyzed using Epi Info™, version 7.2.1.0, for the Windows® platform. Results: We enrolled 278 subjects, 139 hyperglycemic and 139 normoglycemic. The absolute number of leukocytes and neutrophils was higher in the Hyperglycemic Group (p=0.006 and p=0.004, respectively). There was no difference in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio between the Hyperglycemic Group and the Normoglycemic Group (2.1 versus 2.0; p=0.264), and both neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios showed no differences between those with HbA1c ≥7% (n=127, p=0.778) and those with HbA1c <7% (n=12, p=0.490). In contrast, the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was lower in the Hyperglycemic Group (117.8 versus 129.6; p=0.007). Conclusion: Hyperglycemic subjects had a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio similar to that of normoglycemic subjects, but had a lower platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Future prospective studies will be useful to determine the importance and prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in the hyperglycemic state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the edema volume and leukocyte, platelet, and fibrinogen count of peripheral burn in an animal model. The back left leg of Rattus norvegicus (experimental group) was placed in water at 60 °C for 60 seconds or at room temperature (control group). An analysis was carried out before and after the induced burn (at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h). The edema volume was determined by an orthogonal photo, the leukocyte and platelet counts were determined using automated equipment, and the fibrinogen count was determined using the gravimetric method. The maximum value of the edema was recorded at 4 h and leukocytes at 24 h. The platelet count did not vary at different post-edema time intervals. The fibrinogen level increased at 4 h and 24 h. In this animal model we induced systemic inflammation characterized by leukocytosis and elevated fibrinogen levels, combined with edema located at the induction area.

El láser de baja potencia se ha implementado dentro del campo médico, como una alternativa segura para influir en el comportamiento de las células del organismo humano. Se ha sugerido que la radiación de baja potencia reduce agentes patógenos, actúa como protector ante radiación ionizante e incrementa la población de plaquetas en sangre. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la tasa de crecimiento de las plaquetas humanas luego de aplicar radiación láser de baja potencia.

Introdução: As plaquetas têm um papel central no processo da resposta tecidual à injúria, atuando na hemostasia primária e na coagulação, e liberando de maneira coordenada as moléculas bioativas importantes para a angiogênese e para a regeneração tecidual. O uso clínico não transfusional de produtos derivados de plaquetas, como o Plasma Rico em Plaquetas (PRP), baseia-se na sua habilidade de maximizar o processo de regeneração celular, em lesões com dificuldades de reparo natural. Objetivo: Esta revisão aborda as características e potencialidades do uso clínico de plaquetas e seus derivados e discute seu arcabouço legislativo no contexto brasileiro. Método: Foram consultadas as bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, páginas eletrônicas da Anvisa e do ministério da Saúde, entre setembro 2017 e janeiro de 2018. Resultado: O PRP é produto derivado de plaquetas que não pode ser quimicamente definido, e o seu uso clínico aqui discutido não é ortólogo. Conclusão: Dessa maneira, podemos considerar a aplicação do PRP como uma Terapia Celular Avançada, sendo fundamental padronizar protocolos, estabelecer critérios de controle de qualidade (rastreabilidade, eficácia e fármaco-vigilância), tornando seu uso devidamente controlado pelos órgãos competentes, com maior segurança na sua utilização.

Introdução: A Fibrina Rica em Plaquetas é um concentrado plaquetário, de preparo extemporâneo e uso autólogo, cuja proposta é promover uma melhor e mais rápida cicatrização e reparo das lesões cirúrgicas, tendo sido desenvolvida, inicialmente, para as cirurgias bucais. Objetivo: Analisar o preparo, controle de qualidade e uso clínico do PRF para compreender e discutir os aspectos práticos e regulatórios acerca da sua utilização. Método: Este trabalho foi elaborado como uma revisão integrativa, pelo levantamento de artigos científicos e legislação vigente sobre a utilização clínica do PRF. Resultados: O PRF constitui-se de uma matriz de fibrina, com grande quantidade de plaquetas, que liberam numerosos mediadores pró-regenerativos. A sua obtenção, preparo e uso ocorrem em centro cirúrgico ou consultório odontológico, cabendo ao cirurgião-dentista o compromisso com a garantia da qualidade, quanto aos procedimentos realizados. Além disso, os equipamentos e insumos utilizados devem ser compatíveis com as técnicas de preparo e uso do PRF. Conclusões: A utilização do PRF, pelos cirurgiões-dentistas, segue as determinações da Resolução do Conselho Federal de Odontologia – CFO nº 158/2015, de 08 de junho de 2015. Não há regulamentação para o uso de PRF pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM). A preparação e o uso do PRF não são considerados Terapia Avançada.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Several theories attempt to explain the pathophysiology of sudden hearing loss. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the possible role of inflammation and atherothrombosis in sudden hearing loss patients through the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume. METHODS: Study design - retrospective cross-sectional historical cohort. This study was conducted on two groups: one with 59 individuals diagnosed with sudden hearing loss, and other with 59 healthy individuals with the same characteristics of gender and age distribution, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume levels were measured in patients diagnosed with sudden hearing loss as well as in the control group, and it was verified whether these results interfered for a better or worse prognosis with treatment of sudden deafness. RESULTS: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio levels are much higher in patients diagnosed with sudden hearing loss compared to the control group. Similarly, mean levels of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are higher in non-recovered versus recovered patients (p = 0.001). However, we could not find a correlation with mean platelet volume levels (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a quick and reliable indicator regarding diagnosis and prognosis of sudden hearing loss; on the other hand, mean platelet volume may be considered a less important indicator in this aspect.

Este artículo cubre los diferentes aspectos de la medicina transfusional moderna, una especialidad en su propio mérito. Se discuten elementos de la cadena de abastecimiento de sangre, incluyendo la colecta, el tamizaje y la preparación de componentes, factores que afectan el manejo de inventario e influencias futuras en el abastecimiento de sangre. Un suministro de sangre seguro y suficiente depende del reclutamiento y retención de donantes voluntarios que tengan bajo riesgo de infección por agentes en la sangre y que se comprometan a donar sangre de manera regular. Las pruebas de tamizaje y la preparación de componentes actuales garantizan un alto grado de seguridad del receptor, pero no pueden detectar a todos los donantes infectados. Los enfoques modernos de pruebas pre-transfusionales en donantes y receptores, los efectos adversos de la transfusión y la hemovigilancia -así como los métodos para reducir el uso inapropiado de la sangre y las alternativas a la transfusión- son también tratados aquí.

Se realizó un estudio comparativo, longitudinal y prospectivo de 60 adultos con quemaduras profundas, atendidos en el Hospital General docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, desde febrero de 2013 hasta igual mes de 2014, para evaluar la efectividad de la terapia regenerativa con plasma rico en plaquetas para la cicatrización de estas lesiones. La muestra fue dividida en 2 grupos de 30 integrantes cada uno: a los del primero se les aplicó plasma rico en plaquetas y a los del segundo sulfadiazina de plata. Se utilizaron las frecuencias absolutas y el porcentaje como medidas de resumen para variables cualitativos, así como la media aritmética y la desviación estándar para las cuantitativas. Con el proceder aplicado la cicatrización se completó en un tiempo menor, de manera que se demostró la efectividad de esta alternativa terapéutica en relación con el tratamiento convencional