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Background: Ensuring consistent adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for effective HIV treatment and achieving viral suppression. Within prisons, the prevalence of HIV is notably high, and incarcerated individuals face an increased risk of transmitting the virus both during and after incarceration. However, facilitators and barriers to ART adherence among these individuals in low- and middle-income countries remain inadequately explored. This study applied the Social Ecological Model (SEM) to investigate how various individual, interpersonal, organizational, community and policy-level factors impact ART adherence among incarcerated populations in Iran during and post-incarceration. Methods: This study employed a phenomenological qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews to gather insights. The research population consisted of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who had experienced incarceration and had been prescribed ART during their latest incarceration. Eleven PLHIV from two prisons located in Kerman and Tehran, Iran, formed the study group. Qualitative findings from the interviews were analyzed using a thematic approach. The findings were organized within the SEM framework to highlight key themes influencing ART adherence during and after incarceration. Results: Participants had an average age of 45.1 years (± 5.6). Various factors influence ART adherence during and post-incarceration. Participants highlighted the individual (e.g., HIV knowledge, previous treatment history, mental and physical health), interpersonal (e.g., family, friends, other incarcerated people, and prison health staff), organizational (e.g., ART treatment interventions, methadone maintenance therapy, and other health protocols), community (e.g., stigma, social isolation, discrimination and lack of access to community health services), and policy (e.g., financial interventions, and providing shelters) level factors influence ART adherence during and post-incarceration. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the multi-level approach to ART adherence among PLHIV during and post-incarceration. It recommends implementing public health activities at the proposed multi-levels to maximize the synergies of intervention for the greatest impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Versatile Video Coding (VVC) shows better performance by combining various functions and features for the high dynamic range, and better spatial resolution achieving better bit rate savings than the existing video coding models. Although the VVC maintains better quality compressed video utilizing extra encoding functions, the VVC is still in the operation of continuous enhancement, and the experts are continuously suggesting new technologies to enhance the VVC's coding performance. In addition, the traditional mechanisms utilize more resources and the encoding time to perform the task. Since the conventional models are normally complex and the parameter's amount is highly large, it is needed to develop a lightweight model for VVC. Hence, a new mechanism is suggested in this work for video compression and bit rate minimization based on VVC by influencing deep learning models. At first, by employing the Motion Vector (MV) encoder-decoder task, the motion is measured in the suggested work. Moreover, with the assistance of this MV, the frame reformation is carried out to conduct the motion compensation. The compression process is performed and the residual images are achieved by adopting the Vision Transformer-based Adaptive Residual Attention DenseNet (ViT-ARADNet), where the parameters included in this network are optimally tuned by the Random Value Enhanced Pelican Optimization (RVEPO). Further, the bit rate of the residual image is determined by the entropy coding in the presented work's training phase. Subsequently, the video quality assessment metrics such as Visual Information Fidelity (VIF) and predicted Differential Mean Opinion Score (DMOSp) are measured to enrich the model functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, ZnO, CuO, and CuO-ZnO nanomaterials have been synthesized via green and facile route using Argyreia nervosa leaf extract. The structural, morphological, optical, chemical, and textural characteristics of as-synthesized nanostructures were investigated using different techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD); field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM); transmission electron microscopy (TEM);UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET)/Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH); and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results obtained from the characterization study showed that the ZnO, CuO, and CuO-ZnO were successfully synthesized using the leaf extract of A. nervosa. The results exhibited the homogeneously growth of CuO particles on the surface of ZnO particles in a spherical-like shapes. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the synthesized nanostructures was investigated adopting Rhodamine B dye as an aqueous polluted model. The results have shown that the CuO-ZnO (10%) nanocomposite was the most efficient photocatalyst compared to other samples. The factors affecting the photodegradation process such as the effect of irradiation time (0–180 min), photocatalyst dose (0.4–1.4 g/L), initial RhB concentration (5–20 ppm), and the solution pH (3–11) were tested. The maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiency achieved was 90.25%. Additionally, reuse experiments proved that the CuO-ZnO (10%) photocatalyst retained 72.8% of its initial efficiency after recycling for five cycles. Finally, the results revealed that the most reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the degradation of RhB are hydroxyl radicals (•OH). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure is a significant health issue in developed countries, often stemming from conditions like hypertension, which imposes a pressure overload on the heart. Despite various treatment strategies for heart failure, many lack long-term effectiveness. A critical aspect of cardiac disease is the remodeling of the heart, where compensatory changes in the extracellular matrix exacerbate disease progression. This review explores the processes and changes occurring in the pressure-overloaded heart with respect to the extracellular matrix. It further summarizes current treatment strategies, and then focuses on novel treatment targets for maladaptive cardiac remodeling, derived from transverse aortic constriction-induced pressure overload animal models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is constructed on a whale's bubble-net scavenging pattern and emulates encompassing prey, bubble-net devouring prey, and stochastic capturing for prey to establish the global optimal values. Nevertheless, the WOA has multiple deficiencies, such as restricted precision, sluggish convergence acceleration, insufficient population variety, easy premature convergence, and restricted operational efficiency. The sine cosine algorithm (SCA) constructed on the oscillation attributes of the cosine and sine coefficients in mathematics is a stochastic optimization methodology. The SCA upgrades population variety, amplifies the search region, and accelerates international investigation and regional extraction. Therefore, a hybrid nonlinear WOA with SCA (SCWOA) is emphasized to estimate benchmark functions and engineering designs, and the ultimate intention is to investigate reasonable solutions. Compared with other algorithms, such as BA, CapSA, MFO, MVO, SAO, MDWA, and WOA, SCWOA exemplifies a superior convergence effectiveness and greater computation profitability. The experimental results emphasize that the SCWOA not only integrates investigation and extraction to avoid premature convergence and realize the most appropriate solution but also exhibits superiority and practicability to locate greater computation precision and faster convergence speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of the Fe2O3–CuO–CuFe2O4 nanocomposite was effectively achieved through the sol–gel technique, utilizing ethanol as a reactive fuel. Investigation of the nanocomposite's structure via X-ray Diffraction confirmed the coexistence of Fe2O3, CuO, and CuFe2O4 phases within the material. The Scherrer equation was applied to determine an average crystallite size ranging from 60 to 95 nm. UV–visible spectroscopy studies suggested the material possesses an approximate energy bandgap of 4 eV. Scanning Electron Microscopy provided insights into the nanocomposite's surface morphology, which exhibited a porous and heterogeneous aggregation of particles in various sizes and shapes. When tested for antibacterial efficacy, the nanocomposite exhibited activity against gram-positive S. aureus with a maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) measuring 9 mm at the highest concentration, whereas no inhibitory effect was detected against gram-negative E.coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization is a method which is used in every field, such as engineering, space, finance, fashion market, mass communication, travelling, and also in our daily activities. In every field, everyone always wants to minimize or maximize something called the objective function. Traditional and modern optimization techniques or Meta-Heuristic (MH) optimization techniques are used to solve the objective functions. But the traditional optimization techniques fail to solve the complex and real-world optimization problem consisting of non-linear objective functions. So many modern optimization techniques have been proposed exponentially over the last few decades to overcome these challenges. This paper discusses a brief review of the different benchmark test functions (BTFs) related to existing MH optimization algorithms (OA). It discusses the classification of MH algorithms reported in the literature regarding swarm-based, human-based, physics-based, and evolutionary-based methods. Based on the last half-century literature, MH-OAs are tabulated in terms of the proposed year, author, and inspiration agent. Furthermore, this paper presents the MATLAB and python code web-link of MH-OA. After reading this review article, readers will be able to use MH-OA to solve challenges in their field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accounting standard for agriculture was introduced to harmonize the accounting procedures of entities engaged in agricultural production. This accounting standard for agriculture specifies the accounting treatment for biological assets and their biological transformation as well as how it must be reflected in the financial statement. However, there has been little awareness of applying the standard, especially in the agritourism industry. Agritourism is a young industry in the Philippines and is seen as a profitable revenue-generating investment. Therefore, education on financial management and recordkeeping must be given importance. This study assessed the accounting practices of selected agritourism farms in Region IV-A, Philippines, in accordance with the Accounting Standard for Agriculture, 41. The International Accounting Standard 41 and Philippine Accounting Standard 41 cover the recognition and measurements of biological assets and the presentation and disclosure of biological transformation. Interviews were conducted with 17 farms and their financial records were reviewed. The results show that most farms do not recognize and measure their biological assets per accounting standards. The recognition and measurement of biological assets are based on their current practices and are not influenced by the provision of the standards. Moreover, the type of business registration, i.e., corporation or sole proprietorship, affects the accounting practice of the farm. Their records do not accurately reflect the presentation and disclosure of biological assets and biological transformation. Thus, it is recommended that training, seminars, and workshops on IAS/PAS 41 must be conducted, and an application guideline must be developed to improve the accounting practices of agritourism farms and their compliance with the accounting standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how signers make lists. One way is to use the fingers on the signer's nondominant hand to enumerate items on a list. The signer points to these list-fingers with the dominant hand. Previous analyses considered lists to be nondominant, one-handed signs, and thus were called list buoys because the nondominant hand often remains in place during the production of the list. The pointing hand was largely ignored as a nonlinguistic gesture. We take a constructional approach based on Cognitive Grammar. In our approach, we analyze lists as a type of pointing construction consisting of two meaningful components: a pointing device (the pointing hand) used to direct attention; and a Place, also consisting of form and a meaning. Using data from Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) and Finland–Swedish Sign Language (FinSSL), we examine the semantic role of each component, showing how the nondominant list-fingers identify and track discourse referents, and how the pointing hand is used to create higher-order entities by grouping list-fingers. We also examine the integration of list constructions and their components with other conventional constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment-based treatment on empathy and interpersonal relationships in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods: This study employed a semi-experimental research design, utilizing a pre-test, post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder seeking treatment in psychiatric clinics in Tehran in 2022. A total of 30 participants (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) were selected through the accessible sampling method. Data collection tools included the Basic Empathy Scale ((Heinke & Louis, 2009)) and Trust in Close Relationships (Rempel & Holmes, 1986). The intervention, which involved acceptance and commitment-based treatment, was administered over 8 sessions of 90 minutes each, once a week, to the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any training. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis. Results: The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that in the experimental group, there was a significant increase in the mean of empathy scores after the intervention. Similarly, the mean of scores for interpersonal relationships increased after the intervention (P<0.01). Conclusions: The results generally endorse the efficacy of third wave psychotherapies, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), in relation to emotional and interpersonal consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the growing field of AI-assisted programming tasks, specifically focusing on the use of code embeddings and transformers. With the increasing complexity and scale of software development, traditional programming methods are becoming more time-consuming and error-prone. As a result, researchers have turned to the application of artificial intelligence to assist with various programming tasks, including code completion, bug detection, and code summarization. The utilization of artificial intelligence for programming tasks has garnered significant attention in recent times, with numerous approaches adopting code embeddings or transformer technologies as their foundation. While these technologies are popular in this field today, a rigorous discussion, analysis, and comparison of their abilities to cover AI-assisted programming tasks is still lacking. This article discusses the role of code embeddings and transformers in enhancing the performance of AI-assisted programming tasks, highlighting their capabilities, limitations, and future potential in an attempt to outline a future roadmap for these specific technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, the textile industry contributes to pollution through accidental discharges or discharge of contaminated wastewater into waterways, significantly affecting water quality. These pollutants, including dye molecules, are environmental hazards for aquatic and terrestrial life. The field of visible light-mediated photocatalysis has experienced rapid growth, driven by the utilization of photocatalysts that can absorb low-energy visible light and effectively degrade dyes. In the present study, we report a simple method to controllably synthesize Fe2O3, ZnO, and ZnFe2O4 using the one-pot synthesis method. In the subsequent step, copper (Cu) was deposited on the surface of ZnFe2O4 (forming ZnFe2O4-Cu) using a facile, green, and cost-effective method. The synthesized samples were characterized using various techniques, including XRD, UV-Vis DRS, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, HR-TEM, XPS, PL, and BET analysis. These techniques were employed to investigate the composition, morphology, structure, and photophysical properties of as-prepared samples. The ZnFe2O4-Cu nanocomposite demonstrated efficient photocatalytic activity for degrading RhB dye pollutants under visible light. The photocatalyst was successfully reused for three consecutive cycles without significantly decreasing performance. Furthermore, during the study, the radical scavenging test emphasized the role of different radicals in the degradation of dye pollutants. This research has the potential to enable the efficient production of high-performance photocatalysts that can rapidly eliminate ecologically harmful dyes from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Humans go through sensitive phases in their lives, and one of the critical and decisive phases is the issue of marriage and the formation of a common life, and more importantly, the efforts of each couple to maintain this common life so that they can reach their desired goals. Today, it is very important to expand the horizon of psychological treatments, especially to find more effective treatments. Also, comparing different treatments can be a priority among researchers to choose the most effective treatment that can be more cost-effective. Therefore, the current research seeks to investigate whether mindfulness and schema therapy have an effect on marital conflict, anger management, and quality of life. And which one has more influence on the components of marital conflict, anger management and quality of life? The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness and schema therapy on anger management, marital conflict and quality of life. Method The method used in this study was quasi-experimental, in which the effect of two independent variables, namely schema therapy and mindfulness, on the dependent variables, namely marital conflict, anger management and quality of life, was examined. The pre-test-post-test design with the control group was used. The statistical population of this study consisted of all men and women who referred to counseling centers. To measure independent variables such as mindfulness in this study, the mindfulness package based on the package written by Bowen, Chaula and Marlat (2011) was used to measure anger management using the Spielberger anger control questionnaire, to measure quality of life from 36-item quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) and to measure conflict from Zakir and Barati questionnaire (2008) to analyze information from software. Results The results showed that both therapeutic schemas and mindfulness training increased anger management, reduced marital conflicts and increased the quality of life of the experimental group compared to the control group. In addition, the results indicated that there is no difference in the mean total score of marital conflict, anger management and quality of life between the two groups of schema therapy and mindfulness, but between the control group and the two groups of schema therapy and mindfulness in all three conflict variables. There is a significant difference between marital, anger management and quality of life (P<0.001). Therefore, both types of treatment had the same effect on marital conflict, anger management and quality of life in couples with conflict. Discussion In comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and mindfulness on anger management, marital conflict and quality of life in this study, it was observed that the training of both schema therapy and mindfulness groups increased anger management, reduced marital conflicts and increased quality of life in the experimental group compared to the control group was. Therefore, the training of both therapy groups is effective in increasing anger management and reducing marital conflicts, as well as increasing the quality of martial life. In addition, both types of treatment showed the same effect on marital conflict, anger management and quality of life in couples with conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, tri-phase Fe2O3–MgO–CuO nanocomposites (NCs) and pure CuO, Fe2O3 and MgO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using sol–gel technique. The physical properties of the prepared products were examined using SEM, XRD, and UV–visible. The XRD data indicated the formation of pure CuO, Fe2O3 and MgO NPs, as well as nanocomposite formation with Fe2O3 (cubic), MgO (cubic), and CuO (monoclinic). The crystallite size of all the prepared samples was calculated via Scherrer's formula. The energy bandgap of CuO, Fe2O3 and MgO and Fe2O3–MgO–CuO NCs were computed from UV–visible spectroscopy as following 2.13, 2.29, 5.43 and 2.96 eV, respectively. The results showed that Fe2O3–MgO–CuO NCs is an alternative material for a wide range of applications as optoelectronics devices due to their outstanding properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Today, infertility is a major concern for public health and one of the most important crises in life, which leads to many psychological problems. Since cognitive-behavioral therapy emphasizes empowering and educating the patient to solve problems, this study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on marital self-regulation and uncertainty intolerance in infertile women. Methods: This research was applied in terms of purpose and experimental research method with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up plan (45 days). The statistical population included all infertile women referring to the infertility center of Sari city with the number of 43 people. To select the sample, 30 of these people who had received the diagnosis of infertility and met the criteria for entering the study were selected by a non-random sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. Cognitivebehavioral therapy was performed in 12 sessions of 45 minutes, once a week for the experimental group, while the control group received the routine treatment. After the followup period, the control group also underwent psychotherapy. Both groups completed the questionnaires of marital self-regulation by Wilson et al. (2005) and uncertainty intolerance by Friston et al. (1994) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up (45 days after the post-test).Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (P<0.05) by SPSS-24 software. Results: The results showed that in the two subscales of marital self-regulation in the experimental group, the average scores in the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up respectively for the subscale of communication self-regulation (24.266 ± 6.273), (41.000 ± 3.207) and (35.266 ± 3.899) there was a significant increase in the post-test and follow-up compared to the pre-test stage(P<0.05). And the sub-scale of communication effort(19.333 ± 5.094), (8.666 ± 1.914) and (12.000 ± 2.449), and intolerance of uncertainty 92.600 ± 9.302), (67.400 ± 7.585) and (75.200 ± 10.975), had a significant decrease in the post-test and followup compared to the pre-test stage (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results of the study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy can be an effective intervention in improving marital self-regulation and reducing intolerance of uncertainty in infertile women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Investigating the temporal variations and forecasting the trends in drug-related deaths can help prevent health problems and develop intervention programs. The recent policy in Iran is strongly focused on deterring drug use and replacing illicit drugs with legal ones. This study aimed to investigate drug-related deaths in Iran in 2014-2016 and forecast the death toll by 2019. Methods: In this longitudinal study, Box-Jenkins time series analysis was used to forecast drug-related deaths. To this end, monthly counts of drug-related deaths were obtained from March 2014 to March 2017. After data processing, to obtain stationary time series and examine the stability assumption with the Dickey-Fuller test, the parameters of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) model were determined using autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) graphs. Based on Akaike statistics, ARIMA (0, 1, 1) was selected as the best-fit model. Moreover, the Dickey-Fuller test was used to confirm the stationarity of the time series of transformed observations. The forecasts were made for the next 36 months using the ARIMA (0,1,2) model and the same confidence intervals were applied to all months. The final extracted data were analyzed using R software, Minitab, and SPSS-23. Findings: According to the Iranian Ministry of Health and the Legal Medicine Organization, there were 8883 drug-related deaths in Iran from March 2014 to March 2017. According to the time series findings, this count had an upward trend and did not show any seasonal pattern. It was forecasted that the mean drug-related mortality rate in Iran would be 245.8 cases per month until 2019. Conclusion: This study showed a rising trend in drug-related mortality rates during the study period, and the modeling process for forecasting suggested this trend would continue until 2019 if proper interventions were not instituted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People respond faster to smaller numbers in their left space and to larger numbers in their right space. Here we argue that movements in space contribute to the formation of spatial-numerical associations (SNAs). We studied the impact of continuous isometric forces along the horizontal or vertical cardinal axes on SNAs while participants performed random number production and arithmetic verification tasks. Our results suggest that such isometric directional force do not suffice to induce SNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & aim: During the covid-19 pandemic, the need for health care services increased dramatically. In this situation, the care delivery time is extremely important. About three to five percent of covid-19 patients need intensive care. Organizational commitment is one of the most important predictors of the quality of care. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the organizational commitment of nurses working in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) during the covid-19. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during 2022 in Baqiyatallah Hospital. Allen and Mayer's (including affective, normative and continuous domains) and Balfour and Wechsler (including attachment, exchange and identification domains) organizational commitment questionnaires were used. Using the random sampling method, totally 210 nurses who were working in inte ICUs were asked to fill the questionairs. Results: The mean scores for Allen and Mayer and Balfour questionares were 67.87 ± 13.04 and 25.95 ± 4.05, repectively. There was a significant correlation between the scores of Allen and Mayer and Balfour (r = 0.65, P = 0.00). In addition, the multivariate linear regression analysis showed non-significant correlation between the scores of Allen and Mayer and Balfour questionares. Conclusion: Considering that better and more comprehensive care needs higher organizational commitment, it is necessary for nursing managers to pay special attention to the organizational commitment for increasing the quality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finger-based representation of numbers is a high-level cognitive strategy to assist numerical and arithmetic processing in children and adults. It is unclear whether this paradigm builds on simple perceptual features or comprises several attributes through embodiment. Here we describe the development and initial testing of an experimental setup to study embodiment during a finger-based numerical task using Virtual Reality (VR) and a low-cost tactile stimulator that is easy to build. Using VR allows us to create new ways to study finger-based numerical representation using a virtual hand that can be manipulated in ways our hand cannot, such as decoupling tactile and visual stimuli. The goal is to present a new methodology that can allow researchers to study embodiment through this new approach, maybe shedding new light on the cognitive strategy behind the finger-based representation of numbers. In this case, a critical methodological requirement is delivering precisely targeted sensory stimuli to specific effectors while simultaneously recording their behavior and engaging the participant in a simulated experience. We tested the device's capability by stimulating users in different experimental configurations. Results indicate that our device delivers reliable tactile stimulation to all fingers of a participant's hand without losing motion tracking quality during an ongoing task. This is reflected by an accuracy of over 95% in participants detecting stimulation of a single finger or multiple fingers in sequential stimulation as indicated by experiments with sixteen participants. We discuss possible application scenarios, explain how to apply our methodology to study the embodiment of finger-based numerical representations and other high-level cognitive functions, and discuss potential further developments of the device based on the data obtained in our testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Professional commitment is an important factor in employee performance. COVID-19 outbreak has seriously affected the nurses working conditions. Numerous factors can affect nurses' professional commitment in this situation. Aim: To explore the nurses' lived experiences, attitudes, views and perceptions toward professional commitment and factors affecting it in the Covid-19 crisis. Method, Setting and Participants: This qualitative study was conducted using phenomenological approach and content analysis method. Twenty-five nurses were interviewed using semi structured in-depth interviews. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze collected data. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Results: Five themes were extracted as follows: "Collaborative empathetic commitment", "Loyal commitment", "Sacrificial commitment", "Commitment with doubt and concern" and "humanistic commitment". Discussion and Conclusion: The Covid-19 crisis has caused major changes in nurses' working conditions, which have also affected the concept of professional commitment to the nursing profession and revealed new concepts. Identifying internal and external factors that can enhance nurses' commitment to the profession in critical situations such as the Covid-19 outback is of particular importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the cognitive process of transforming one representation of mathematical entities into another representation. This process, which has been called mathematical metaphor, allows us to understand and embody a difficult-to-understand mathematical entity in terms of an easy-to-understand entity. When one representation of a mathematical entity is transformed into another representation, more cognitive resources such as the visual and motor systems can come into play to understand the target entity. Because of their nature, some curves, which are one group of visual representations, may have a great motor strength. It is suggested that directedness, straightness, length, and thinness are some possible features that determine degree of motor strength of a curve. Another possible factor that can determine motor strength of a curve is the strength of association between shape of the curve and past experiences of the observer (and her/his prior knowledge). If an individual has had the repetitive experience of observing objects moving along a certain curve, the shape of the curve may have a great motor strength for her/him. In fact, it can be said that some kind of metonymic relationship may be formed between the shapes of some curves and movement experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we illustrate the influence of citric acid (CA) concentration on the structural, morphological, optical, and antibacterial properties of the quaternary CuO–Fe2O3–MgO–CuFe2O4 nanocomposites (NCs). The target NCs were synthesized via auto-combustion method and characterized using XRD, FTIR, EDX, SEM, and UV–visible techniques. XRD analysis proved that CuO, Fe2O3, MgO, and CuFe2O4 were crystalized as monoclinic, hexagonal, cubic, and tetragonal, respectively. The energy gap, as a result of the combined effect of all the constituent substances, was decreased from 3.32 to 2.88 eV as the concentration of CA increased. Elemental analysis was further supported the NCs composition as, beside oxygen, Cu, Mn, and Fe metallic atoms. The antibacterial activity for the NCs, as assessed against Gram–negative (E. coli) and Gram–positive bacteria (S. aureus) was adequate, higher against S. aureus, and increased as CA concentration increased. Thus, by controlling the synthesis conditions like CA concentration, these quaternary NCs can be tailored to satisfy certain applications, allowing further research to be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the role played by finger use in children's numerical development has been widely investigated, their benefit in arithmetical contexts is still debated today. This scoping review aimed to systematically identify and summarize all studies that have investigated the relation between fingers and arithmetic skills in children. An extensive search on Ovid PsycINFO and Ovid Eric was performed. The reference lists of included articles were also searched for relevant articles. Two reviewers engaged in study selection and data extraction independently, based on the eligibility criteria. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion. Of the 4707 identified studies, 68 met the inclusion criteria and 7 additional papers were added from the reference lists of included studies. A total of 75 studies were included in this review. They came from two main research areas and were conducted with different aims and methods. Studies published in the mathematical education field (n = 29) aimed to determine what finger strategies are used during development and how they support computation skills. Studies published in cognitive psychology and neuroscience (n = 45) specified the cognitive processes and neurobiological mechanisms underlying the fingers/arithmetic relation. Only one study combined issues raised in both research areas. More studies are needed to determine which finger strategy is the most effective, how finger sensorimotor skills mediate the finger strategies/arithmetic relation, and how they should be integrated into educational practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Energy Valley Optimizer (EVO) is proposed as a novel metaheuristic algorithm inspired by advanced physics principles regarding stability and different modes of particle decay. Twenty unconstrained mathematical test functions are utilized in different dimensions to evaluate the proposed algorithm's performance. For statistical purposes, 100 independent optimization runs are conducted to determine the statistical measurements, including the mean, standard deviation, and the required number of objective function evaluations, by considering a predefined stopping criterion. Some well-known statistical analyses are also used for comparative purposes, including the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Wilcoxon, and Kruskal–Wallis analysis. Besides, the latest Competitions on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), regarding real-world optimization, are also considered for comparing the results of the EVO to the most successful state-of-the-art algorithms. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can provide competitive and outstanding results in dealing with complex benchmarks and real-world problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was designed to survey the nutritive value and estimate protected-protein level of Protanomix as a new protein source and compare it with soybean meal. Protanomix is a brown powder by separating the precipitate produced from the reaction of tannin with corn-steep liquor. Crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) in this protein source is nearly similar to soybean meal, and more than 80% of its protein content is insoluble. In this study, potential of in vitro gas production in Protanomix was significantly (P<0.001) lower than the control treatment (soybean meal); however, substitution of soybean meal at different levels of Protanomix in experimental diets did not lead to significant changes in gas production parameters (P>0.05). Comparing Protanomix with soybean meal (control) showed that in vitro truly degraded dry matter (IVTDDM), estimated metabilizable energy (ME) and pH were similar (P>0.05). However, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), apparently in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMAD) and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) were significantly higher in soybean meal (P<0.01) than Protanomix, while partitioning factor (PF), microbial protein synthesis (MPS) and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS) were greater in Protanomix than soybean meal (P<0.05). Nonetheless, when soybean meal was substituted with different levels of Protanomix in the experimental diets, only concentration of ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) was significantly decreased (P<0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of reality therapy based on choice theory and mutual relationship analysis on the mental and social well-being of couples with marital conflicts. Material and Method This research was conducted using a semi-experimental method with a pretest-post-test design with a control group and more than one experimental group. For this purpose, 60 people (30 couples) were included in the study from all volunteer couples with marital conflicts referring to counseling centers in district three of Tehran with at least one year of cohabitation experience using the available method, and then they were randomly assigned into three groups (reality therapy, correlation analysis, and evidence) were included. To collect data in the pre-test and post-test, Molvi mental well-being test (1389) and Keys' social welfare questionnaire (1998) were used. In experiment group one (reality therapy) and experiment group two (relationship analysis) each group received 8 sessions of training, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Results The findings revealed that reality therapy based on choice theory and mutual relationship analysis was effective in the mental and social well-being of couples with marital conflicts. Conclusion The findings of this research showed that reality therapy based on choice theory and mutual behavior analysis had a significant effect on the mental and social well-being of couples with marital conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cashmere, hair characteristics, Guard hair, fiber quality, Kilis goat, Damascus goat Again, according to the same classification, it can be said that Damascus goats at first birth and yearling have the first-quality cashmere and goats at second and third birth have the second quality cashmere. The cashmere elasticity was not affected by both body parts and age in Kilis goats ( I p i >.05), but the age had a significant effect on the cashmere elasticity in Damascus goats ( I p i <.05). Keywords: Guard hair; cashmere; fiber quality; hair characteristics; Kilis goat; Damascus goat; ; ; ; ; ; EN Guard hair cashmere fiber quality hair characteristics Kilis goat Damascus goat ZH 9562 9568 7 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction The hair obtained from goats are of two types, namely the guard hair and the fine down hair (cashmere). [Extracted from the article]

Solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen generation is regarded as a sustainable strategy to relieve fossil resource issue. However, its PEC conversion efficiency still suffers from the low light absorption and high electronâ€"hole recombination. Herein, we report 1D/2D hierarchical heterostructured photoelectrode constructed by ordered ZnO nanorod array and intimately attached ultra-thin Hematene (thickness of monolayer: 1â€"2 nm) for effective PEC water oxidation with visible light irradiation. The onset potential of Hematene/ZnO NRs photoanode (0.28 V versus RHE) for PEC water oxidation has an obvious negative shift compared with that of ZnO NRs (0.32 V versus RHE) indicating the enhanced PEC kinetics. Furthermore, reduced charge transport resistance (18.82 KΩ cmâˆ'2), a high carrier density of 9.03 × 1018 cmâˆ'3 and the resulting significantly enhanced incident photon-to-current efficiency enhancement compared with ZnO NRs photoanode were obtained for Hematene/ZnO NRs photoanode. All these were ascribed to the formation of large built-in electric field which was arising from the charge redistribution at the ZnO and Hematene interface, and the band alignment engineering between the components. In summary, such interfacial engineering may inspire the future development of 1D/2D hierarchical heterostructured photoanodes in the field of PEC water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a longstanding and widely held misconception about the relative remoteness of abstract concepts from concrete experiences. This review examines the current evidence for external influences and internal constraints on the processing, representation, and use of abstract concepts, like truth, friendship, and number. We highlight the theoretical benefit of distinguishing between grounded and embodied cognition and then ask which roles do perception, action, language, and social interaction play in acquiring, representing and using abstract concepts. By reviewing several studies, we show that they are, against the accepted definition, not detached from perception and action. Focussing on magnitude-related concepts, we also discuss evidence for cultural influences on abstract knowledge and explore how internal processes such as inner speech, metacognition, and inner bodily signals (interoception) influence the acquisition and retrieval of abstract knowledge. Finally, we discuss some methodological developments. Specifically, we focus on the importance of studies that investigate the time course of conceptual processing and we argue that, because of the paramount role of sociality for abstract concepts, new methods are necessary to study concepts in interactive situations. We conclude that bodily, linguistic, and social constraints provide important theoretical limitations for our theories of conceptual knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we contextualize and discuss an on-line contribution to this special issue in which a video-recorded lecture demonstrates the teaching of an abstract mathematical concept, namely regression to the mean. We first motivate the pertinence of this example from the perspective of embodied cognition. Then, we identify mechanisms of teaching that reflect embodied cognitive practices, such as the concreteness fading approach. Rather than a comprehensive review of multiple extensive literatures, this article provides the interested reader with several sources or entries into those literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The relationship between information disclosure and the cost of capital is one of the key concepts in financial reporting issues. In the past, theoretical research has shown that the level of information disclosure leads to a reduction in the cost of capital by improving the liquidity of stocks and reducing the risk of investors estimating the parameters of an asset's return. However, empirical studies have shown different results in this regard. Some of these studies show the existence of a positive and significant relationship between the level of information disclosure and the cost of capital, some of these studies show the existence of a negative and significant relationship between the cost of capital and the level of information disclosure, and another group also indicates the absence of a relationship between these two variables. Recently, Dutta and Nezlobin (2017, 2018) in their theoretical model presented the impact of macroeconomics factors such as the economic conditions of the capital market and the level of growth rate of companies in the ability to explain these mixed empricial results. According to their point of view, a change in economic conditions can lead to a change in the capital market and lead to the boom or bust of the capital market. Capital market boom causes attraction and its bust causes capital to escape from the market. As a result, Economic conditions as an external factor can have different effects on companies' information disclosures. Accordingly, the present study, with the aim of explaining and interpreting the different results of empricial research conducted in the field of the relationship between disclosure and the cost of capital, has tested the effect of the boom and bust of the capital market on the relationship. Method: For this purpose, the information of 130 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, between 2010 and 2018, was selected. In order to measure the variable of voluntary disclosure of information, the proxies of timeliness, accuracy and bias of firm midterm and annual earnings forecast has been used. Also, stock risk premium, according to the model of Hess et al (2019) and Lee and Mohanram (2014), was estimated using measurement of combined implied risk premium. In order to determine the capital market cycle, the Hodrick-Prescott filter was used and the time period of the research has been classified into two periods of boom and bust, and the hypotheses of the research have been tested both at the level of the entire sample and for the periods of boom and bust of the capital market. Also to test the research hypotheses, a multiple regression model, using the combined data method, has been used. In the present study, data analysis has been performed using stata software version 16. Results: The results showed that voluntary disclosure of information, for the proxies of bias of midterm and annual earnings forecast at the total sample level and during the boom and bust period of the capital market, negatively and significantly, and for the proxies of forecast accuracy of midterm and annual earnings forecast at the total sample level and during the boom and bust period of the capital market, positively and significantly have a effect on the stock implied risk premium. Also, the results indicated that the proxies of timeliness of midterm and annual earnings forecast at the total sample level and the timeliness of annual earnings forecasts during the bust period of the capital market have a positive and significant effect on stock implied risk premium. Conclusion: According to the research results, the capital market cycle can affect the relationship between the timeliness proxy of annual earnings forecast and the stock implied risk premium. But the capital market cycle cannot affect the relationship between the other two variables of information voluntary disclosure, including the bias and accuracy of midterm and annual earnings forecasts, and the stock implied risk premium. Actually, the relationship expressed for different proxies of information voluntary disclosure is different. Also, the analysis of the results shows that companies voluntarily make more disclosure during the capital market boom. On the other hand, contrary to expectation, the return in excess of the risk-free rate of return (risk-free) demanded by investors is higher during the capital market boom. The value of dispersion for the measure of and the stock implied risk premium also shows that this value is higher for the period of capital market bust than the period of capital market boom. This issue can be due to the high fluctuations of the market during the period of bust. The results of the research can help managers to reduce the cost of capital by disclosing less bias profit forecasts, by gaining the trust of investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: One of the areas that has undergone change in Iran is childbearing. Statistical data show a decrease in the fertility rate in the last few decades; To the extent that in recent years the number of children of a mother is less than the required index in replacing generations (1/2 children) (1). This downward change in fertility rate indicates a change in the fertility of Iranian families and their desire for one child. On the other hand, having one child is the result of any factor or factors, creating a fundamental change not only in the demographic structure and socialization of the family, but also in various aspects of school performance and all aspects of the individual's personality in the future. There are many treatments for psychological disorders today. Each of these therapies may be stronger and more specialized than the other. Third wave therapies focus more on families and proper communication, because human beings are social beings and the type of communication style they have with others has a great impact on their mental health and that of their families (3). Among the important therapies for the component of marital satisfaction in families, especially mothers, is the Boeing therapy and the new ACT therapy, which largely complements cognitive-behavioral therapy. These treatments can increase family cohesion and raise children properly. Among these therapeutic interventions is Bowen's treatment, whose approach is family therapy. Bowen's family therapy approach deals with the family as an emotional unit and a network of intertwined relationships that must be analyzed from a different context or historical perspective to better understand it. Bowen believes that the whole family system is an emotional unit that cannot be separated from each other or successfully (5). In other words, the foundation of this theory is based on the concept of separation. Bowen family therapists believe that all the problems in family functioning, including marital dissatisfaction in the couple, which has a negative effect on the children and causes emotional divorce, arise from inappropriate family systems. Accordingly, the main goal of Bowen's therapies is to reduce chronic anxiety by being aware of the family's emotional system, focusing on changing oneself rather than trying to change others (6). On the other hand, ACT therapy is rooted in a philosophical theory called functional contextualism and is based on a research program on language and cognition called the theory of the framework of mental relationships (7). Despite the many studies on the effectiveness of ACT therapy on anxiety, depression, heart disease, marital conflict, marital satisfaction and many more; However, no research has been conducted on the effectiveness of ACT therapy on cognitive emotion regulation; Research has also been conducted on other variables in the field of Boeing family therapy; But so far little research has been done on marital satisfaction. Therefore, considering the significant effects of cognitive emotion regulation on many aspects of a person's development and interpersonal relationships, the need for such research and the application of its results is clearly understood. In order to compare the effectiveness of Boeing family therapy and ACT treatment on differentiation, the following hypotheses are proposed. Methods: This research was conducted by quasi-experimental method and using a pretest-post-test design with two experimental groups and a control group. The independent variables of the study were Boeing family therapy and ACT treatment method and the dependent variable was marital satisfaction. The dependent variable scale was collected in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of this study was all single mothers of preschool children in Kermanshah in the spring of 1399. The sampling method was simple by using random sampling and assignment. Forty-five mothers of preschool children were randomly selected and due to the prevalence of coronary heart disease in online sessions, intervention sessions were held for them through online sessions. The subjects' marital satisfaction scale was measured using the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire for every 45 people (pre-test). Then, by simple random sampling, individuals were assigned to three groups of 15 people (two experimental groups and one control group). The experimental group members separately participated in eight 1.5-hour weekly sessions of the Boeing Family Therapy and ACT, conducted by a trained therapist, and the control group was placed on a waiting list. Meetings were held at Setareh Preschool Center on a weekly basis for two months. Participants in the sessions expressed their willingness to cooperate to receive intervention and participate in the research. Analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data. Results: The Benferoni post hoc test is performed to compare between the control group, ACT and Bowen. As can be seen in Table 5, there is no significant difference in marital satisfaction scores between the ACT and Bowen groups, and therefore Bowen-based therapy and ACT-based therapy have the same effect on marital satisfaction. Conclusion: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Boeing family therapy and ACT treatment on cognitive emotion regulation of single mothers in preschool centers in Kermanshah. Stable and meaningful. Also, Bonferroni post hoc test showed that due to the differences in the comparison of these two interventional methods, the effectiveness of Buenie family therapy and ACT treatment on marital satisfaction is the same. The findings of the present study on the effectiveness of Boeing family therapy interventions on marital satisfaction are not unexpected and are consistent with the results of a large number of previous studies. The results showed that there was no significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores in the Boeing family therapy method and the ACT method on marital satisfaction. Couples in Buenos Aires believe that the phenomenon of marriage requires a high degree of adaptability. None of the couples feel safe and caring if there is no normal and acceptable level of adaptation in the marriage. In addition, marital intimacy requires a strong sense of self-awareness and self-differentiation. Couples with low levels of differentiation and high fusion are not able to understand their desires in the relationship, therefore, this process has a negative effect on their life satisfaction, when these couples with factors the change of role that reduces satisfaction, they face, they feel failure. Couples who are able to accredit themselves instead of seeking approval have a better working spirit in marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical robots are increasingly important in orthopedic surgeries to assist or replace surgeons in completing operations. During joint surgeries, the patient's joint needs to be adjusted several times by the surgeon. Therefore, the virtual model, built on the preoperative medical images, cannot match the actual variation of the patient's joint during the surgery. Conventional virtual reality techniques cannot fully satisfy the requirements of the joint surgeries. This paper proposes a real and virtual bidirectional driving method to synchronize the manipulations in both the real operation site and the virtual scene. The dynamic digital twin of the patient's joint is obtained by decoupling the joint and dynamically updating its pose via the intraoperative measurements. During surgery, the surgeon can intuitively monitor the real-time position of the patient and the surgical tool through the system and can also manipulate the surgical robot in the virtual scene. In addition, the system can provide visual guidance to the surgeon when the patient's joint is adjusted. A prototype system is developed for orthopedic surgeries. Proof-of-concept joint surgery demo is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed system can synchronize the manipulations in both the real operation site and the virtual scene, thus realizing the bidirectional driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A is a well-known endocrine-disrupting compound that is commonly detected in industrial effluents and wastewater treatment plants. It is extensively used in the production of polycarbonate and epoxy resins. It is linked to serious environmental pollution and negative effects in humans and living microorganisms, i.e., malfunction of the endocrine system through imitating or blocking natural hormones. Several bisphenol A remediation techniques have been investigated over the last decades, with many of them gradually emerging as effective ones. This article summarizes the most recent findings and progress of the highly effective and widely accepted bisphenol A elimination/degradation techniques, such as membrane separation, adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, and biodegradation, based on their beneficial and optimistic aspects, namely, ease of operation, excellent bisphenol A removal performance, and cost-effectiveness. The operational specifications affecting the elimination efficiency and concerning mechanisms of the processes are summarized. The prominent remarks from this article are as follows. (i) Reverse osmosis, membrane distillation, and nanofiltration-based membrane separation processes particularly eliminated ~100% of bisphenol A from the contaminated aqueous solutions; however, the durability and force resistance frame integrity of the membranes need to be increased. Combining the membrane separation techniques with other oxidation/biodegradation techniques can lower the major issues of each technique; i.e., integrating the membrane separation and electrochemical oxidation can reduce the fouling and mass transfer limitation issues of both the techniques, respectively. (ii) Numerous conventional and nonconventional adsorbents can effectively eliminate bisphenol A from effluents; however, the higher adsorbability and rapid adsorption rates need to be addressed. (iii) Mono/bimetal ion-loaded catalysts could significantly degrade bisphenol A via photocatalysis; however, variation in reaction rates, catalyst deactivation owing to fouling, complex structures, intricate fabrication methods, and uncontrollable morphology of metal-based nanocatalysts remain the core issues. (iv) Numerous bacterial species/fungi/fungal enzymes and microalgae can effectively biodegrade bisphenol A with comparatively higher efficiencies. Finally, prominent remarks and perspectives from this paper provide perception and future investigation directions to address existing problems of bisphenol A-contaminated wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic HIV program evaluation requires looking at all steps of the HIV cascade of care, from diagnosis to treatment outcomes. Our study was carried out to assess the treatment cascade of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Iran in 2019. We used data from the HIV Case Registry System of Iran through December 2019. We estimated the number of PLWH in 2019 by using Spectrum, and then the proportion of them being diagnosed, linked to care, received antiretroviral treatment and suppressed viral load. We estimated that there are 59,314 (UI: 32,685–125,636) PLWH in Iran, of whom 22,054 people (37% of PLWH) were diagnosed. At the end of 2019, of whom, 14,685 (25% of PLWH) people received antiretroviral therapy. Also, of whom 6338 (11% of PLWH) people had viral load suppression by 2019. Our results showed that about one-third of total PLWH were diagnosed, while this defect is somewhat less in children than adults. To reach the 90.90.90 targets Iran needs to developed the current national HIV care guidelines, which recommend best strategies to scale up the case finding and linkage to care among undiagnosed people specifically those who infected by sexual contact in general and key populations as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained increasing attention with ever‐expanding applications. Developing new MOF‐based immobilized enzymes with new applications is required, not only for demonstrating the generality and applicability of using MOFs for enzyme immobilization, but also to provide potential biocatalysts for industrial applications. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of immobilizing mushroom tyrosinase on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), with two new applications being developed. RESULTS: Upon immobilization through a one‐pot in situ encapsulation approach, the resultant tyrosinase@ZIF‐8 was characterized in structural features and catalytic properties. It was much more stable against pH and temperature relative to the free enzyme. The new biocatalyst was highly efficient in catalyzing the synthesis of catecholic products with pharmacological benefits (l‐DOPA, piceatannol and 3′‐hydroxypterostilbene) and in eliminating phenolic pollutants (phenol, p‐cresol, p‐chlorophenol). Excellent productivities were obtained for the synthesis of the three catecholic products (0.14, 1.38 and 1.46 g L−1 h−1, respectively). A complete removal of the three phenolic pollutants was achieved within 2.5 h, superior to other processes mediated by the same enzyme, or others, immobilized on different supports. The reusability of the new biocatalyst can be remarkably improved by entrapment into polyvinyl alcohol‐alginate gel. CONCLUSIONS: Tyrosinase can be immobilized on a new type of MOF with advantages such as easy preparation and excellent catalytic performance. This novel immobilization strategy for tyrosinase offers an excellent biocatalyst potent for both catecholic product synthesis and phenolic wastewater treatment. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to explore how an embodied view can redirect our understanding of decision making. To achieve this goal, we contribute a developmental embodied choice perspective. Our perspective integrates embodiment and bounded rationality from a developmental view in which the body provides cues that are used in abstract choices. Hereby, the cues evolve with the body that is not static and changes through development. To demonstrate the body's involvement in abstract choices, we will consider choices in numerical settings in which the body is not necessarily needed for the solution. For this, we consider the magnitude-judgment task in which one has to choose the larger of two magnitudes. In a nutshell, our perspective will pinpoint how the concept of embodied choices can explain the development of numerical choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal ions are the common pollutants in the aquatic environment, harmful to living organisms, non-biodegradable, and toxic even at low concentrations, thus, the present study aimed theoretically evaluate the potential for interaction of Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+ metal ions potentially toxic with B12N12 nanocage. The location of the possible interaction sites was initially assessed by the Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs), Molecular Electrostatic Potential, atomic charges NPA and the analysis allowed to predict the possible interaction sites. The results show that for ions with unpaired electrons in the valence shell, the interaction can occur on the boron atom or on the nitrogen atom. The interaction of the metal ions in the six-atom ring B–N–B–N–B–N is also possible, and site of interaction presented the longest bond lengths, > 3.2 Å. The calculations of the energies involved in the processes, binding energy (EBind), Gibbs and enthalpy proved that the interaction of the metal cations with the B12N12 nanocage is almost all spontaneously and follows the order: Zn2+ > Ni2+ > Cu2+ > Cr3+ > Co2+ > Fe2+ > Pb2+. The Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecule (QTAIM) was used to determine the nature of the interaction between the metal ions and the nanocage showing that interactions are non-covalent or partially covalent. Finally, the results from NPA charge after the interaction showed that the direction of charge transfer is from metal ions to the nanocage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Postpartum depression has an effect on reducing maternal attachment and family relationships and can be a threat to the safety and well-being of mother, infant and other children. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of meta-emotion combined therapy on anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance in women with postpartum depression. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with two-group pretest-posttest method. The statistical population of the study was all women referring to Golestan Health Center in Ardabil in the years 2018-19. Sampling method was available. Using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, 40 subjects (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) were selected. Then, for the experimental group, meta-emotion combined therapy protocol was performed during 12 sessions and the results were analyzed based on experimental avoidance and anxiety sensitivity scales using covariance statistical method using SPSS software version 18. Results: The results showed that the mean scores of post-test anxiety sensitivity and experimental avoidance in the experimental group were lower than the control group. In other words, meta-emotion combined therapy on reducing anxiety sensitivity (F=129.89, P=0.001>0.05) and experimental avoidance (F=229.10, P=0.001>0.05) is effective. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the meta-emotion combined therapy, through emotion regulation and reduction of negative emotions, is an effective therapeutic approach in reducing anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance in women with postpartum depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to improve the synthesis condition of the CuO–ZnO nanocomposite using a two-step protocol. Initially, an electrodeposition method was used to synthesize CuO nanoparticles (Nps) at different current densities (25–40–53A/dm2) then assembled with ZnO Nps via a milling process to obtain different catalysts. The performance of this new composite was evaluated by characterizing the nanocomposite with XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR, BET, BJH, pHzpc, UV-DRS and then comparing it with the sonocatalysis and sonophotocatalysis degradations of dye Brilliant Blue FCF (BBF). The preliminary results of the kinetic study and a structural characterization of the nanocomposite showed that the CuO–ZnO synthesis at low current density was an efficient catalyst to degrade BBF with a bigger surface area of 50.63 m2 g−1 and a pH zpc of 8.2. Furthermore, the optimization of operational parameters such as the synthesis temperature (300–500 °C), the mass ratio of CuO:ZnO (2–10%) and the catalyst dose (0.5–2 g L−1) was studied by a central composite design (CCD) using the NEMROOD Software. The adjustment of the model demonstrates an agreement between the experimental and predicted data as shown by the high values of the correlation coefficient (R2photosono = 0.999, R2sono = 0.998). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study has two objectives: (1) to introduce grip force recording as a new technique for studying embodied numerical processing; and (2) to demonstrate how three competing accounts of numerical magnitude representation can be tested by using this new technique: the Mental Number Line (MNL), A Theory of Magnitude (ATOM) and Embodied Cognition (finger counting-based) account. While 26 healthy adults processed visually presented single digits in a go/no-go n-back paradigm, their passive holding forces for two small sensors were recorded in both hands. Spontaneous and unconscious grip force changes related to number magnitude occurred in the left hand already 100–140 ms after stimulus presentation and continued systematically. Our results support a two-step model of number processing where an initial stage is related to the automatic activation of all stimulus properties whereas a later stage consists of deeper conscious processing of the stimulus. This interpretation generalizes previous work with linguistic stimuli and elaborates the timeline of embodied cognition. We hope that the use of grip force recording will advance the field of numerical cognition research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust forms the basis of virtually all interpersonal relationships. Although significant individual differences characterize trust, the driving neuropsychological signatures behind its heterogeneity remain obscure. Here, we applied a prediction framework in two independent samples of healthy participants to examine the relationship between trust propensity and multimodal brain measures. Our multivariate prediction analyses revealed that trust propensity was predicted by gray matter volume and node strength across multiple regions. The gray matter volume of identified regions further enabled the classification of individuals from an independent sample with the propensity to trust or distrust. Our modular and functional decoding analyses showed that the contributing regions were part of three large‐scale networks implicated in calculus‐based trust strategy, cost–benefit calculation, and trustworthiness inference. These findings do not only deepen our neuropsychological understanding of individual differences in trust propensity, but also provide potential biomarkers in predicting trust impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study wase to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on marital self-regulation, marital burnout and self-criticism of infertile women. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study included all the infertile women of Mazandaran city in 2018-2019. In this study, 30 infertile women were considered as the sample size in experimental group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (of 15 infertile women) and control (15 infertile women). The experimental groups underwent mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (10 sessions 60 minutes), but the control group received no training. To collect data marital self-regulation scale of Wilson and et al, marital burnout scale of Pines and and self-criticism scale of Thompson and Zuroff. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (multivariable analyze of covariance). Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IAU.TON.REC.1397.030 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch. Results: The results showed that the scores of marital self-regulation of infertile women.after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in experimental group significantly increased in comparison with control group, and also marital burnout and self-criticism Scores were decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Therefore, it is suggested for counselors and therapists to use to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on improvement marital self-regulation, marital burnout and self-criticism of infertile women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]