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In this article, the author analyzes visual discourses of physicality in modern porn discourse through the prism of structuralist theory proposed by Russian researcher Vladimir Propp. The article is one of the first attempts in modern historiography to transplant the methods and principles proposed by Vladimir Propp to analyze the current state of porn in popular culture. The purpose of the article is to analyze the relationships and interdependencies between modern porn culture, presented in visual forms, and its historical predecessors. It is assumed that the origins of pornographic discourse, which operates in visual forms, can be localized in folk traditional culture. Forms and dimensions of physicality and actions of the heroes of modern pornographic discourse are perceived as structural elements of mass culture. The results of the study can be summarized in the following way: 1) the visual structure of modern porn has lost its uniqueness and originality in the consumer society; 2) the plots and sequence of actions of the heroes of modern pornographic discourse can be compared with similar plots and behavioral strategies of folk discourse; 3) porn in modern society plays roles that are similar to ones played by fairy tales in the traditional culture of pre-modern societies. The author believes that modern porn discourse imitates reality, although initially the behavior of the characters and the plots are fantastic and unrealistic in their nature. It is shown that the development of porn became a reaction to the demand of consumer society for visualized narrative constructions based on the archetypes of traditional folk culture.

The author analyzes the characteristics of the invention of traditions in modern Iroquois nationalism, a minority nationalist movement in the United States. The study examines the invention of traditions within the methodological frameworks of modern interdisciplinary historiography, particularly focusing on interventionist and imaginative turns, which are integral to analyzing minority nationalism. The author suggests that: 1) most traditions invented in modern Iroquois nationalism are political; 2) the concepts of “statehood” and “sovereignty” are central to the functioning of these political traditions; 3) the invention of traditions underscores the historical trauma of colonization and the institutionalization of the Iroquois’ unequal status as a minority group; 4) reproducing these invented traditions in political discourse is an effort to revitalize Iroquois identity; 5) the invented traditions of Iroquois nationalism serve a compensatory purpose, aiming to overcome the collective historical trauma of losing their political state tradition. Overall, the author suggests that the development of Iroquois nationalism hinges on the invention of traditions, which Native American ethnic and political activists actively use to consolidate Iroquois identity in the United States.

The author analyzes the forms, features, and main directions of visualization within the nationalist text. This article delves into the study of the nationalist imagination and political discourse. Beginning in the late 18th century, nationalism emerged as a social and cultural factor that steered the vectors and trajectories of political development in Western societies. The article examines the forms of interdependence between nationalist discourse and the visualization of political imagination, which plays a pivotal role in the invention and construction of identities. It underscores that the discursive and visual methods of constructing national identities evolved concurrently. Visualization both complemented and recalibrated the primary vectors of transformations in narrative and discursive forms of the nationalist imagination. The political rhetoric of nationalism transitioned into a visual realm, and its visualization resulted in a fusion of the traditions of both “high” and “low” cultures. This visual rhetoric of the nationalist imagination catalyzed the transformation of ethnic groups into modern nations, viewed as imagined communities. While the visual techniques in the nationalistic metatext could vary, they often shared certain characteristics. Visual imagination emerged as an integral component of identity formation in rhetorical discourse. The amalgamation of political and visual rhetoric ensured continuity between various forms of identities and the cultures they fostered. Narrative forms of political rhetoric were enriched by visual ones, especially when the nationalist imagination was crafting and promoting images of Self and Otherness. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the nationalist discourse of European nationalisms operated as a dichotomy, rooted in a blend of political rhetoric and visual imagination.

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception of the common pan-Romance state in the intellectual history of Romance philology. The author analyzes various viewpoints on the common pan-Romance state, including the arguments of supporters and opponents of its existence. Novelty. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of interpretations of the common pan-Romance state in contexts of the history of the Romance languages through the prism of intellectual history and the history of ideas. Materials and methods. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles of interdisciplinary historiography proposed in intellectual and cultural history, which allows us to analyze the problems of the common pan-Romance state as part of the history of ideas and an invented historiographic tradition or intellectual construct. Results. The article analyzes 1) the arguments of supporters of the existence of a common Romance state as a stage between Latin and Romance languages, 2) the ideas of critics and opponents of the idea of a common Romance state, who tend to look for the origins of the Romance languages directly in Latin, 3) the possibilities and potency of revising early viewpoints in contexts the history of late Latin and the early genesis of the Romance languages. The article also analyzes 1) the arguments of supporters and opponents of the existence of the common Romance state through the prism of intellectual history and the history of ideas, 2) the history of Romance philology through the prism of the archaeology of ideas, which allows us to trace how the arguments of supporters and opponents of the common Romance state have changed, 3) the general logic of the development of Romance philology through the prism of the transformation of ideas about the general Romance state. Conclusions. The results of the study suggest that 1) ideas about the common Romance state in the history of Romance linguistic became a common historiographic place, turning into an invented intellectual and historiographical tradition, 2) discussions and debates about the existence or absence of a general Romance state stimulated the search for new ideas, contributing to the development of Romance philology, 3) the controversy and debatability of the concept of the general Romance state in the history of Romance philology will remain a factor contributing to intellectual discussions and actualization of the role of revisionism as a universal factor in the development of modern interdisciplinary linguistics.

Purpose. The author in the presented article considers the late texts of Ovid, presented by Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto. The purpose of the article is to analyze how the texts reflect the processes of formation of the imperial political culture and identity. Research novelty. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the late texts of Ovid not as literary, but as political narratives that inspired the transformation of Roman identity, contributing to the actualization of the concepts of Self and Otherness. Materials and methods. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles of interdisciplinarity proposed in the framework of studies of nationalism, intellectual and cultural history, transplanted into the contexts of the literary history of Rome in the 1st century AD. Results. The article analyzes 1) Ovid’s attempts to form an ideal and positive image of power, 2) Ovid’s contribution to the development of Roman ideas about barbarians, 3) peculiarities of Ovid’s geographical perception of the formation of Roman territory as an imperial heterogeneous space. The contribution of the later texts of Ovid, represented by Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto and written in exile, to the formation of political imperial culture and identity is shown. The results of the study suggest that 1) Ovid was one of the first Roman authors who textualized the transformations of political power, contributing to the genesis of the cult of imperial power as an element of political culture; 2) in the formation and imagination of the images of the barbarians, Ovid continued the earlier tendencies of hierarchization and idealization of the inhabitants of the peripheral provinces: 3) the later texts of Ovid, written in exile, became a contribution to the development of the cultural geography of the emerging Roman Empire, based on the glorification and positive idealization of Italy through the prism of its opposition to the provinces.

Background. The author analyzes the texts of the Dune cycle in contexts of the achievements of interdisciplinary historiography, which proposed universal methods that allow analyzing “Oriental” images in literature through the prism of constructing and deconstructing the narratives that form the image of Islam. Purpose. The purpose of the article is an “Orientalist” reinterpretation of Islamic images in the novels belonging to the Dune cycle, including the texts of the original cycle and prequels presented by Dune, Dune Messiah, Dune. Butlerian Jihad and Dune. Paul. Materials and methods. The author uses the methodological tools offered in intellectual history and studies of nationalism, including the concept of the invention of traditions, which allows us to analyze the images of Islam in science fiction as one of the invented traditions of American mass literature using the texts of the Dune cycle as sources corpus. Orientalism as a method is used to analyze Muslim motifs in the prose of F. Herbert, B. Herbert and K. Anderson, which, as the author believes, were inspired by political, ideological and religious stimuli. The author believes that the orientalist approach is an effective interpretative model for an interdisciplinary analysis of American science fiction as a space for the development of Islamic images. Results. The texts of the Dune cycle are reinterpreted as attempts to assimilate and imitate the images of Islam in popular culture. Oriental political and ideological backgrounds for the development of Muslim images in American science fiction are studied. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the political message broadcast by the novels of the Dune cycle with the help of images of Islam. The author analyzes Muslim images through the prism of their imitation and simulation in the novels that form the Dune cycle. The author believes that the analyzed texts, being part of the wide discourse of Western cultural and political Orientalism, form the image of Islam accessible for understanding and consumption in the mass culture of modern society.

Background. The author analyzes the texts of the Dune cycle in contexts of contemporary historiography, which proposed universal methods that allow analyzing “oriental” images in literature through the prism of constructing and deconstructing the narratives that form the image of Islam. Purpose. The purpose of the article is an “orientalist” reinterpretation of Islamic images in the novels belonging to the Dune cycle, including the texts of the original cycle and prequels presented by Dune, Dune Messiah, Dune. Butlerian Jihad and Dune. Paul. Materials and methods. The author uses the methodological tools offered in intellectual history and studies of nationalism, including the concept of the invention of traditions, which allows us to analyze the images of Islam in science fiction as one of the invented traditions of American mass literature using the texts of the Dune cycle as sources corpus. Orientalism as a method is used to analyze Muslim motifs in the prose of F. Herbert, B. Herbert and K. Anderson, which, as the author believes, were inspired by political, ideological and religious stimuli. The author believes that the orientalist approach is an effective interpretative model for an interdisciplinary analysis of American science fiction as a space for the development of Islamic images. Results. It is shown that the novels through the prism of images of Islam actualize and promote a unique ideological discourse and political message. The features and forms of political protest under religious Muslim slogans are analyzed. It is studied how the mobilization potential of political Islam is perceived as a form of legitimization of social and economic protest. An expanded understanding of jihad as both a religious war and a social class conflict is analyzed. It is shown that 1) the actualization of Muslim images in American science fiction was the result of the political activation of the East, 2) the authors of the texts actualized the anti-authoritarian and emancipatory potential of Islam.

Background. The author analyzes the texts of the Dune cycle in contexts of modern historiography, including its universal methods that allow analyzing “oriental” images in literature through the prism of constructing and deconstructing narratives that form the image of Jihad as a form of political, social and religious struggle of oppressed communities and minorities. Purpose. The purpose of the article is an “orientalist” reinterpretation of the images of Jihad in the novels belonging to the Dune cycle including the prequel text presented by Dune. Butlerian Jihad and Dune. Paul. Materials and methods. The author uses the methodological tools of intellectual history and studies of nationalism, including the concept of the invention of traditions, which allows to analyze the images of Jihad in science fiction as one of the invented traditions of mass US science fiction literature using the texts of the Dune cycle. Orientalism as a method is used to analyze Muslim motifs in the prose of F. Herbert, B. Herbert and K. Anderson, which, as the author of the article presumes, were inspired by political, ideological and religious stimuli. The author states that the orientalist approach can be an effective interpretative model for an interdisciplinary analysis of American science fiction as a cultural landscape for the development of Jihad images in the Western intellectual tradition of the consumer society. Results. The ideological and political foundations for the development of images of Jihad as a social concept of American science fiction are studied in the article. The article analyzes the ideological origins, as well as the political prototypes and archetypes of the Muslim radicals of the Dune cycle. The author analyzes the ideological discourse of radical Islamism, presented in American mass culture through the prism of religious war images as attempts to implement the doctrine and social liberation. The article analyzes the attempts of American writers to form a positive and attractive image of a radical political protest under religious Muslim slogans. Therefore, it is shown that American science fiction prose actualized the mobilization potential of Islamism, imagining and inventing it as a form of legitimate social and economic protest of the oppressed masses against discrimination. The author presumes that some American authors revised the images of Jihad, offering its interpretation as a radical social and class protest based on religious legitimation.

The purpose of the article is to study historical politics as politics of memory in the modern Turkic republics of the Volga region in contexts of visualization of memory by means of cinematography. The author analyzes the role of the politics of memory in the formation of the memorial canon as a form of development of national identities in Tatarstan, Bashkortostan and Chuvashia. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles proposed in the memorial turn and the analysis of the politics of memory in intellectual history and the history of ideas. The novelty of the research lies in the comparative analysis of the politics of memory in the three Turkic republics of Russia in its visual contexts, while most other studies ignore the visual dimensions of memory, being focused on the discursiveness and narrative of the memorial politics. The article analyzes 1) the features of the official forms of historical politics in the context of its visualization, 2) the systemic and structural characteristics of the visualization of the memorial canon as an element of the politics of memory, 3) various current strategies and practices of commemoration within the framework of visuality in modern Turkic republics. The article shows the potential of visuality as one of the forms of historical politics for the consolidation of national identities.

The author analyzes cultural tactics and strategies aimed at the nationalization of the body in public, political and cultural spaces. The images of the national, nationalizing and nationalized body in modern cultures and spaces of memory are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to analyze visual strategies for the nationalization of the body in the intellectual histories of Central and Eastern Europe in the second half of the 19th and early 21st centuries. Geographically, the article is limited to the analysis of the politically motivated nationalizations of corporality in the greater Eastern and Central European cultural contexts. The chronological and geographical framework is motivated by the need to detect both continuity and discreteness in the nationalization of the body in the political cultures of the region, as well as general trends and regional characteristics of cultural and political practices, the author analyze in the article. The article shows that the historical and cultural prerequisites for the nationalization of the body developed in the 17th and 18th centuries within the framework of the “high” political culture, which operated with the images of great ancestors, projecting onto clothes as an element of socially acceptable physicality. The author believes that by the beginning of the 21st century, the nationalization of physicality express itself in several strategies, including the visualization of traditional ethnicity and the actualization of elements of modern political culture, which combine the visualization of biological signs of physicality in their combination with elements of a personality cult.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to deconstruct the constructed “historical” narrative in contexts of the social, political and economic features of the feudalism of the world of the Seven Kingdoms, imagined in the imitated narration of the American writer George Martin, presented in his novels that make up the “A Song of Ice and Fire” cycle. The novelty of the article lies in the study of the features of the social and economic history of the imagining medieval world of the Seven Kingdoms. Methodology. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles of interdisciplinary historiography proposed in intellectual and cultural histories, as well as in the study of medievalism as a synthetic form of mass ideas about the Middle Ages in modern consumer society. Results. It is assumed that George Martin proposed a model for the development of medieval society. The political relations and institutions described by G. Martin have parallels with those social forms of organization that arose and developed in the Medieval West. Therefore, in contexts of social history, the society described by George Martin can be defined as feudal. Critically analyzing George Martin’s texts as sources and deconstructing the narratives that form them, the author presumes that in the Seven Kingdoms the processes of feudal revolution led to the formation of a system of relations of vassalage and suzerainty. George Martin’s texts are a source on the history of the institutions of royalty, describing both the history of regional dynasties and the features of their subordination and integration into the state established as a result of the conquest of Westeros by Aegon I. Conclusions. The article shows that 1) George Martin became constructor of a parallel version of the social and political histories of the Middle Ages and feudalism, 2) George Martin proposed an image of the Middle Ages, genetically ascending in the history of Medieval Europe, 3) the analyzed texts can be identified as a source on the social, economic and political history of the Seven Kingdoms.

Goal. The goal of the article is to analyze the constructed “medieval” narrative in the texts of George Martin and other American authors, who form synthetic versions of the political, social, cultural and religious history of the Seven Kingdoms. The novelty of the article lies in the study of the features of the historical narrative in the texts of George Martin in contexts of its imitation and simulation of the medieval narrative structure of the text in combination with elements and techniques of postmodern prose. Methodology. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles of interdisciplinary historiography proposed in intellectual and cultural history, as well as in the study of medievalism as a synthetic form of mass ideas about the Middle Ages in the modern consumer society. Results. It is assumed that George Martin and his co-authors proposed a successful model for imitation of the medieval historical narrative, simulating the style and narrative techniques of medieval historical writings. This article analyzes the problems of historical narrative in the contexts of imagination, invention, simulation, imitation, construction and deconstruction. The author analyzes the systemic themes that form the historical narrative of George Martin. The author believes that chronology, religiosity, the heterogeneous nature of the text, images of Otherness, the presence of a hero of history form the basis of the simulated medieval historical narrative. It is shown that George Martin’s texts formally imitate the style of medieval narration, but actually actualize the potential of simulation and imitation of modern postmodern culture. Conclusions. The article shows that 1) George Martin and his co-authors reproduce a conditional “medieval” text, which is actually a construct, 2) the analyzed text can be interpreted in the categories of construction, deconstruction, assimilation, simulation and imitation, 3) the analyzed narrative is a form of deconstruction of the past, constructing alternative and parallel images of the Middle Ages, 4) George Martin’s texts can be described as attempts to assimilate academic medievalism and mass cultural medievalism.

A model is presented for developing creative entrepreneurial competences (CEC), which is focused on the formation of creative entrepreneurial and practical skills in a timely manner (Just-in-Time Learning). The proposed model assumes a high level of motivation, deep immersion, and full dedication of individuals and has a cyclical nature throughout their working life (Lifelong Education Cycle). The central figure of the model is an individual who, by choosing an active form of education and following a precise algorithm of actions, can obtain high performance and achieve entrepreneurial success. The formation of an individual’s business consciousness is divided into five stages: UnConscious InCompetence, Conscious InCompetence, Conscious Competence, UnConscious Competence, and the second Conscious InCompetence stage. It is established that the minimum level of creative entrepreneurial competences consists of a combination of basic professional competences, elementary competences of IT&S literacy, and key communicative competences. Furthermore, it is found that an individual’s professionalism will grow until the pace of their learning exceeds the pace of the external environment’s dynamics. AcknowledgmentsThis scientific paper is published with support by British Council’s ‘Creative Spark: Higher Education Enterprise Programme’, project № 5742783597 – the ‘National Сentre for Сreative Entrepreneurship Development’ (NCCE) and Kingston University London. English language proof-reading and comments were provided by Dr Martha Mador and Dr Alan Flowers, Kingston University London, UK.

The digitalization of the agricultural industry is manifested through the active use of innovative technologies in all its areas. Agribusiness owners have to constantly improve their security to meet new challenges. In this context, the existing cyber risks of the agrarian industry were assessed and their classification by possible consequences, such as data theft or alteration, cyber terrorism, cyber warfare, software hacking or modification, the blocking of markets and transactions on them, was proposed. Cyber insurance is an effective tool for minimizing the likelihood of cyber incidents and for comprehensive post-incident support, with the involvement of cybersecurity specialists. An algorithm for cooperation between an agricultural company and an insurance company when concluding a cyber risk insurance contract is proposed, which takes into account the needs and wishes of insurers at each stage of the interaction. To assess the need to use cyber insurance in agriculture 4.0, a methodology has been developed to evaluate the regional characteristics of cybersecurity and the digitalization of agribusiness. The results of the study show a heterogeneous need for this tool in different regions of the world.

The author analyses the problems of changes in the representation of the body and the metamorphosis of corporality in South Asia in colonial and postcolonial contexts. Methodologically, the author uses the ideas proposed in interdisciplinary studies of nationalism, combining them with the achievements of the visual turn. It is assumed that, on the one hand, the cultures of the region were able to form their own unique traditions of perceiving naked feminine corporality. On the other hand, the article shows how British colonialism changed these ideas, promoting a moderate Westernisation of cultural spaces, including the idea of ​​naked feminine corporality. The author analyses the role of Hinduism as one of the factors that significantly influenced the development of ideas about corporality. The author analyses the problems of mass culture as the main space for the disclosure of images of the body and physicality in the modern consumer society. The article analyses the role of “high” and “low” culture in the development of collective ideas about the body. The author analyses how the perception of nudity changed under the conditions of post-colonialism in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is assumed that the Indian model of the imagination of corporality and its perception in the discourses of mass culture claims the status of a universal paradigm that significantly affects the perception of corporality in the cultures of neighbouring states. The author analyses how intellectuals used forms of physicality in their attempts to visualise ethnic and cultural identities, emphasising and actualising, on the one hand, the differences of their own ethnicities from the identities of neighbouring nations. On the other hand, the author believes this trend is archaic, transitional and temporary, since the modern mass cultures of South Asia tend to assimilate local cultural and ethnic traditions. Therefore, the article shows that traditional ethnicity in visualisation of body turned into one more strategy used for attracting attention. The author analyses some cultural phenomena as invented traditions of mass culture. Therefore, spaces and forms of visualisation and actualisation of naked feminine corporality, including films, posters, comics, beauty contests are perceived as a visual type of invented traditions that legitimise the identity of the consumer society and mass culture.

We use the Hubble Space Telescope to analyse the extended [O  iii ] 5007 Å emission in seven bright radio-quiet type 1 quasars (QSO1s), focusing on the morphology and physical conditions of their extended Narrow-Line Regions (NLRs). We find NLRs extending 3–9 kpc, with four quasars showing roughly symmetrical structures (⁠|$b/a$| =1.2–1.5) and three displaying asymmetric NLRs (⁠|$b/a$| =2.4–5.6). When included with type 1 and type 2 AGNs from previous studies, the sizes of the extended [O  iii ] regions scale with luminosity as |$R_{\rm [O\,{\rm {\small III}}]}\sim L_{\rm [O\,{\rm {\small III}}]}^{0.5}$|⁠ , consistent with photoionization. However, when analysed separately, type 1s exhibit a steeper slope (⁠|$\gamma _{1}$| = 0.57 |$\pm$| 0.05) compared to type 2 AGNs (⁠|$\gamma _{2}$| = 0.48 |$\pm$| 0.02). We use photoionization modelling to estimate the maximum NLRs sizes, assuming a minimum ionization parameter of log |$(U)=-3$|⁠ , an ionizing luminosity based on the |$L_{\rm [O\,{\rm {\small III}}]}$| -derived bolometric luminosity, and a minimum gas number density |$n_{\rm H}\sim 100$|  cm |$^{-3}$|⁠ , assuming that molecular clouds provide a reservoir for the ionized gas. The derived sizes agree well with direct measurements for a sample of type 2 quasars, but are underestimated for the current sample of QSO1s. A better agreement is obtained for the QSO1s using bolometric luminosities derived from the 5100 Å continuum luminosity. Radial mass profiles for the QSO1s show significant extended mass in all cases, but with less [O  iii ]-emitting gas near the central AGN compared to QSO2s. This may suggest that the QSO1s are in a later evolutionary stage than QSO2s, further past the blow-out stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author analyses the problems of erosion of the book culture and the role of bookishness in the contemporary Western and Russian identities. While analysing the processes of disappearance and displacement of bookshops, the author presumes that culture of bookstores and communication subcultures in them cannot compete with networks and e-commerce. It is assumed that the logic of capitalism favours the progress of on-line bookstores, specialising in the serial and mass literature while independent bookstores prefer to sell intellectual, non-fiction, and academic books that are not interesting to consumer readers of mass culture. The author tries to analyse causes of private non-mass bookstores crisis. The author believes that intellectuals of 2000s were optimistic in their prognosis for the development of bookstores as spaces of cultural initiatives. By the end of 2020, due to the coronavirus pandemic, the number of independent bookstores decreased significantly when on-line bookstores occupied their place. It is assumed that the cultures of reading, book collections, personal libraries lost the positions they held in the 20th century and even in the first decade of the 21st century. The author presumes that independent bookstores became cultural ghettos and intellectual reservations, when net bookstores became successful actors of the mass culture. In general, it is predicted that heterogeneous, regionally localised minority book cultures and reading strategies of the New Medievalism may replace the “mass” book as a cultural institution of a modern political imagined communities as elements of the dying Gutenberg Galaxy with its heterogeneous national identities.

The author analyses the problems of visualisation and marginalisation of female corporeality in developments of Iranian political and cultural identity from the early modernisation project of the 19th century and the radical modernisation of the 1920s – 1970s to the Islamic Revolution of 1979, which changed significantly the vectors and trajectories of the visualisation of the female body in public spaces and the discourse of Iranian culture. The author believes that Iran / Persia in the 19th century belonged to the number of Muslim countries that were under stable European influences. Russia and Great Britain became the main sources of cultural changes. Cultural exchange with these countries stimulated changes in Persian identity. The author analyses the features of corporeality in the visual art of Iran from the Qajars to the Islamic revolution and its mutations during the process of radical Islamisation of the social life inspired by it. The author believes that the early modern project of the Qajars was the first attempt to visualise female corporeality and map in the centre of cultural coordinates which in fact simulated European discourse. The identity project of the Pahlavi period became an attempt to transform and adopt Western concepts to the Iranian national canon. The Islamic Revolution of 1979 marginalised the visual and visible forms of female corporeality, presented earlier in public and cultural spaces. The project of Islamisation inspired subordination of the female body, marginalising attempts to visualise in ways Western intellectuals did it. Modern feminine corporeality in Iranian culture develops as a dichotomy of official religious identity and its secular alternative, represented by the “high” cultural segments of the consumer society. The author analyses how and why Western strategies of visualisation of female corporeality coexist with its religious rejection. It is assumed that the Iranian mass culture assimilated Western practices of visualising femininity, although the official cultural discourse continues to reproduce the canon of the body imagined as predominantly religious construct.

War is one of the most popular topics in modern mass culture. The author analyzes the features of the perception of war in modern science fiction cinema. The purpose of this article is to analyze the representation of war in American science fiction as a form of historical memory in mass culture. The author uses inventionism methods to analyze the images of war in the film production of mass culture as “invented traditions” of the consumer society. The range of perception of war and military experience in popular culture is analyzed. Modern global film industry and national film industries regularly address military themes in the world or national contexts, producing films that actualize military experience of nations and states. The film industry segments that specialize in the production of science fiction and fantasy films also do not ignore the military theme. It is supposed that popular culture offers a variety of images of war, including militarism, violence, military collective trauma, and military political psychosis. The author believes that military theme in popular culture arose as a result of reflection on real military conflicts, and the creators of the pop-cultural project could reject the war or idealize it. The author believes that military science fiction in modern American mass culture actualizes the values of pacifism or militarism as reflections of the left or right preferences of the creators of such cultural product for the consumer society. Science fiction films actualize various forms of war, including global military clashes, civil conflicts, aggression, intervention and genocide. Popular culture is becoming the main sphere of existence of the memory of war because military conflicts of science fiction series can be perceived in the consumer society as more real than the historical wars of the past. Military images of mass culture are supposed to actualize various forms of war memory, including memory as trauma, memory as marginalization, and memory as nostalgia which idealize war.

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the experience of leading university libraries in attracting and using creative industries implementating strategic management. The study was conducted taking into account the previous experience by analyzing and systematizing the regulatory framework, information, and analytical materials on this issue, and conducting personal interviews with librarians. The results and conclusions were obtained on the example of libraries of seven higher educational institutions of Ukraine, which are included in the QS World University Rankings and the Times Higher Education.The paper illustrates an extremely unsatisfactory financial situation and insufficient funding for university libraries. But even in such conditions, they are transformed into informational institutions, which not only provide users with a comfortable educational space but also produce innovative information resources and implement creative projects. The most significant projects are analyzed. All seven libraries have development strategies in which their mission is formalized. In three strategies there are no quantitative guidelines for development and, accordingly, the timing of their achievement. In addition, three strategies do not have the understanding of the need for business activities, and their key business processes are not clearly defined. Another three university libraries lack significant international creative projects. Instead, all seven university libraries recognize the need for creative industries and successfully implement creative projects of national importance.The study emphasizes the need to apply a model of strategic management of creative industries on the example of university libraries. AcknowledgmentThis scientific paper published with support by British Council’s ‘Creative Spark: Higher Education Enterprise Programme’, project № 5742783597 – the ‘National Сentre for Сreative Entrepreneurship Development’ (NCCE).

The research paper focuses on the specific features of the status of theology in the modern humanities in Russia. Studying the complexities and difficulties of the institutionalisation of theology and its localisation in the Russian university system and academic culture, the author foregrounds the post-Soviet European experience of the Baltic countries and Ukraine, where theology acquired the status of a “normal” science earlier than in Russia. Within the framework of this study, the peculiarities of the controversial status of theology in the system of higher education as well as in the Russian postgraduate and doctoral studies are considered in the contexts of the frontier of knowledge and the post-Soviet stereotypes. It is assumed that several factors, including the Soviet atheistic cultural heritage, the post-Soviet system of secular degrees and the traditionally significant role of representatives of the natural sciences in the academic community, may significantly contribute to slowing down the transformation of theology into a “normal” science. The paper also deals with the issue of how theology is transforming from the church life of the Russian Christians and becoming more noticeable in the Russian educational cultures and academic spaces. The arguments of the supporters and opponents of the official institutionalisation of theology in the higher education system are critically examined. The author pays special attention to the prospects and possibilities of using the Western experience of “secularization” of theology and its integration into the secular canons of science.

The stage of selecting creative ideas that have the prospect of further commercial use and can be used to create new products, services, or startups is one of the most complex and important stages of the innovation process. It is essential to take into account expert opinions and evaluations, often vague and ambiguous. The study aims to develop a methodological approach to measure the commercial potential of new product ideas based on fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic. To this end, three calculation schemes are developed: the first two are based on fuzzy multicriteria analysis using Fuzzy SAW and Fuzzy TOPSIS methods, respectively; the third is based on building a logical-linguistic model with fuzzy expert knowledge bases and applying fuzzy inference using the Mamdani algorithm. Fuzzy numbers in triangular form with triangular membership functions are used to present linguistic estimates of experts and fuzzy data; the CoA (Center of Area) method is used to dephase the obtained values. For practical application of the proposed algorithm, the model is used as an Excel framework containing a general set of input expert information in the form of linguistic estimates and fuzzy data, a set of calculations using three schemes, and a set of defuzzification of the obtained results. The framework allows for simulation modeling depending on the modification of the list of defined evaluation criteria and their partial criteria, and adjustments to expert opinions. The developed methodological approach is suggested for the initial stages of the innovation process to facilitate the assessment of creative ideas and improve their implementation. AcknowledgmentThis scientific paper is published with the support of the International Visegrad Fund.

Автор анализирует противоречия между светским и церковным сегментом современного грузинского общества в контекстах конфликта элит. Целью статьи является анализ конфликта между светскими и несветскими элитами Грузии. Предполагается, что грузинское гражданское общество в 1990 – 2010-е годы успело консолидироваться и стало важным фактором культурной и социальной жизни. Грузинские интеллектуалы предпочитают использовать светские модели культурной и социальной коммуникации. Несмотря на процессы секуляризации и развития гражданского общества, Церковь сохранила свое политическое влияние. Предполагается, что представители Церкви в Грузии формируют несветские культурные и интеллектуальные элиты. Отношения между светскими и духовными интеллектуалами в современной Грузии могут быть определены как напряженные и конфронтационные. Показано, что нецерковные интеллектуалы активно поддерживают и продвигают ценности секулярного общества, критикуя Церковь за ее консерватизм. В статье анализируются основные направления критики Церкви. Автор полагает, что критика Церкви в современном конфликте элит политизирована и идеологизирована. Автор полагает, что светские интеллектуалы формируют негативный образ Церкви как архаичного и консервативного института, обвиняя иераохов в коррупции и нарушении норм христианской этики. Критика Церкви стала важным сегментом современной грузинской интеллектуальной ситуации. Антиклерикальные нарративы столь широко рапсротранены и влиятельны, что они могут быть определены как изобретенная традиция современного грузинского гражданского национализма. Перспективы развития отношений между светскими интеллектуалами и Церковью остаются неопределенными. Автор полагает, что нельзя исключать дальнейшую радикализацию светских интеллектуальных сообществ, так как общий проевропейский и прозападный политический курс политических элит содействует фрагментации грузинского общества и росту противоречий между светскими радикальными и консервативными церковными элитами.

Автор анализирует проблемы изменений представленности тела и метаморфозы телесности в грузинской идентичности. Грузинская идентичность определяется как культурный и интеллектуальный конструкт, вдохновленный и воображенный грузинскими интеллектуалами как часть процессов социальной и политической модернизации. Анализ социальных мутаций и культурных трансформаций визуализации и актуализации грузинского национального / этнического тела и телесности в дискурсе национализма является основой целью статьи. Методологически автор использует положения и идеи, предложенные в междисциплинарных исследованиях национализма. Национальное тело определяется и анализируется как одна из изобретенных традиций грузинского национализма в контекстах модернизации и трансформации интеллектуального дискурса от модерной культуры к массовой культуре общества потребления. Предполагается, что интеллектуалы использовали телесность для актуализации этнической и культурной грузинской идентичности, подчеркивая уникальность грузинской идентичности. Анализируются проблемы сочетания и сосуществования гражданского и этнического национализма в визуализации телесности. Автор изучает, как грузинское «тело» стало политическим фактором, формой визуализации этничности и принципов политического национализма, включая концепты гражданства и лояльности, а также нации как воображаемого политического сообщества граждан с устойчивыми этническими основаниями.

В настоящей статье исследуются основные тенденции в развитии лингвистического пуризма в Англии. Целью статьи является анализ английского пуризма как тактики и практики английских националистически ориентированных интеллектуалов в тех стратегиях, которые они использовали для продвижения английской идентичности. Методы. Методологически статья является междисциплинарной. Автор использует методологический инструментарий, предложенный интеллектуальной историей и исследованиями национализма, включая концепцию изобретения традиций, которая позволяет анализировать пуризм как одну из изобретенных традиций английского национализма. Результаты. Анализируются различные тактики и стратегии пуристов. Показаны связи и взаимозависимости между пуризмом и английским национализмом. Пуризм определяется как форма культурного английского национализма. Слабость пуризма в английском национализме объясняется ранней институционализацией политической нации, что ослабило роль этнических тенденций. Анализируются особенности культурных и символических коммуникаций между пуристами и националистами. Автор полагает, что пуризм как форма английского национализма относится к числу маргинальных трендов. Предполагается, что роль пуризма в английском национализме несравнима со значением аналогичных явлений в других европейских национализмах.

Автор анализирует тексты цикла «Дюна» в контекстах постколониального подхода как метода, позволяющего конструировать и деконструировать «ориентальные» нарративы. Цель. Целью статьи является «ориенталистская» реинтерпретация текстов цикла «Дюна». Методы. Автор использует методологический инструментарий, предложенный интеллектуальной историей и исследованиями национализма, включая концепцию изобретения традиций, которая позволяет анализировать ориентальные образы как одну из изобретенных традиций американской научной фантастики на примере текстов цикла «Дюна». Ориентализм как метод в данной статье используется для анализа текстов Фрэнка Херберта, Брайана Херберта и Кевина Андерсона, вдохновленных восточными стимулами и актуализирующих многочисленные образы, которые традиционно определяется как арабские. Автор полагает, что ориенталистский подход может статью эффективной исследовательской оптикой и интерпретационной моделью для междисциплинарного анализа американской научной фантастики. Результаты. Проанализированы внешние социальные и политические стимулы, которые сыграли определяющие роли в генезисе и возникновении ориенталистских мотивов в американской массовой литературе второй половине 1960-х гг. Изучены ориентальные прототипы и праобразы героев цикла «Дюна». Проанализированы основные проявления и формы внешней ориентализации текста, представленные многочисленными лингвистические ориентализмами арабского происхождения. Особое внимание уделено внутренней ориентализации текста – социальным, политическим и религиозным попыткам интерпретации джихада в американской массовой культуре. Тексты цикла «Дюна» реинтерпретированы в рамках ориенталистской парадигмы как возможной модели объяснения и интерпретации американской массовой культуры.

We report the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae discovery of the tidal disruption event (TDE) ASASSN-23bd (AT 2023clx) in NGC 3799, a LINER galaxy with no evidence of strong active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity over the past decade. With a redshift of z  = 0.01107 and a peak ultraviolet (UV)/optical luminosity of (5.4 ± 0.4) × 1042 erg s−1, ASASSN-23bd is the lowest-redshift and least-luminous TDE discovered to date. Spectroscopically, ASASSN-23bd shows H α and He  i emission throughout its spectral time series, there are no coronal lines in its near-infrared spectrum, and the UV spectrum shows nitrogen lines without the strong carbon and magnesium lines typically seen for AGN. Fits to the rising ASAS-SN light curve show that ASASSN-23bd started to brighten on MJD 59988 |$^{+1}_{-1}$|⁠ , ∼9 d before discovery, with a nearly linear rise in flux, peaking in the g band on MJD |$60 \, 000^{+3}_{-3}$|⁠. Scaling relations and TDE light curve modelling find a black hole mass of ∼106 M⊙, which is on the lower end of supermassive black hole masses. ASASSN-23bd is a dim X-ray source, with an upper limit of |$L_{0.3-10\, \mathrm{keV}} \lt 1.0\times 10^{40}$| erg s−1 from stacking all Swift observations prior to MJD 60061, but with soft (∼0.1 keV) thermal emission with a luminosity of |$L_{0.3-2 \, \mathrm{keV}}\sim 4\times 10^{39}$| erg s−1 in XMM-Newton observations on MJD 60095. The rapid (t < 15 d) light curve rise, low UV/optical luminosity, and a luminosity decline over 40 d of Δ L 40 ≈ −0.7 dex make ASASSN-23bd one of the dimmest TDEs to date and a member of the growing 'Low Luminosity and Fast' class of TDEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author analyses features and trends within the development of medievalism and futurism in Japanese mass culture. Mass culture in Japan arose as one of many consequences of political, social and cultural modernization. Medievalism and futurism simplify ideas regarding the past or the future (futurism) and incorporate their elements into the mass culture. These cultural phenomena are analyzed in the context of the imagination of communities, the invention of traditions, and the simulation of classical heritage within a Japanese context. The author analyses cultural situations in which the intellectual discourse of mass culture develops along ethnic lines, while also acknowledging the contribution of modern technological civilization. Medievalism in the identity of modern Japanese mass culture actualizes the myth of the ethnographic "golden age" of medieval culture’s feudal daimyo and samurai sub-culture. By contrast, futurism actualizes cultural phobias that are inspired by feelings of insecurity about the future of civilization. It is assumed that medievalism and futurism as forms of cultural escapism in Japanese popular culture arose as a consequence of the trauma of forced de-archaisation and de-feudalization, forced military and economic modernization, and the miraculous success of Japan’s economic growth and expansion in the post-war era. The author believes that these factors actualized social discomfort and stimulated escapist practices. The author analyses these phenomena within the context of mass culture, believing that a consumer society requires reflection upon the national past in order to yield a visualization of its continuity with earlier social institutions.

Автор анализирует проблемы изменений представленности тела и метаморфозы телесности в порно как сегменте современной массовой культуры общества потребления. Анализ социальных мутаций и культурных трансформаций тела и телесности в порнодискурсе поп-культуры является основой целью статьи. Методологически автор, с одной стороны, использует положения сравнительно-типологического метода, предложенного Владимиром Проппом. C другой стороны, текст восходит к структуралистским концепциям Петра Богатырёва, предложенные им для изучения фольклора. Поэтому порно определяется и анализируется как проявление и форма фольклора общества потребления и массовой культуры. Автор проецирует четыре особенности волшебной сказки, сформулированные Владимиром Проппом, в те культурные пространства, где порнодискурс доминирует в современном обществе потребления. Автор анализирует как «немая» телесность в порно-культуре мутировала, став «говорящей». Анализируются проблемы сочетания и сосуществования телесности и вербальности в современном российском порнодискурсе. Автор изучает, как «тело» в порно-сегменте массовой культуры начало говорить по-русски, анализируя почему политический «месседж» неизбежно мутирует до телесности, постоянно возвращаясь к ней. Автор анализирует также культурные контексты и основания репрезентативности тела в современном российском порнодискурсе. Анализируются проблемы взаимозависимости телесности и политического языка, который использует «тело» в индивидуальном и коллективном контекстах.

Автор рассматривает проблемы развития образов героев и супергероев в западной культуре. Целью статьи является анализ основных векторов и траекторий трансформаций героических образов как форм актуализации национальных и частично политических идентичностей. Теоретические подходы, вдохновленные конструктивистским поворотом, определяют методологические принципы, используемые автором в этой статье. Предполагается, что современные образы супергероев в массовой культуре общества потребления возникли как результат процессов постепенной эрозии и кризиса нации-государства и стандартизированных политических идентичностей эпохи модерна. Автор полагает, что массовая культура существенно изменила основные векторы и траектории развития героических образов в идентичностях. Автор анализирует роль национализма в трансформации образов героев. В статье рассматривается роль национального воображения и изобретения традиций в формировании и трансформации героических нарративов в современных политических и этнических идентичностях. Автор выявляет основные этапы в трансформации героических образов, предполагая, что 1) «национализмы» 19 века предложили классические образы национальных героев; 2) во второй половине 20 века классический герой в национальном воображении стал жертвой массовизации; 3) к началу 21 века сосуществовали множественные образы национального героя классической культуры и супергероя массовой культуры; 4) в начале 21 века супергерой воображался и изобретался в процессах деконструкции классических образов национального героя. В целом предполагается, что комикс в частности и культура комикса в целом актуализирует основные формы трансформации образов супергероя.

The author of the article analyses various cultural tactics, practices and strategies that Georgian intellectuals used for the invention of traditions and the (re)production of meanings. The author presumes that various cultural practices and social strategies of Georgian intellectuals became the main incentives for the transformation of traditional local groups into the Georgian modern nation. The history of the 20th century promoted the fragmentation of Georgian intelligentsia. The disintegration of the USSR, the resto-ration of state sovereignty and political independence of Georgia became powerful stimuli for the radical and deep fragmentation of the thinking-class into intelligentsia and intellectuals. The author states that intelligentsia and intellectuals coexist in modern Georgia simultaneously, but this social and cultural cohabitation is temporary because the intelligentsia became an endangered social and cultural category. Georgian intellec-tuals are genetic heirs of the old intelligentsia. The permanent voluntary and forced par-ticipation in the imagination of the nation and the invention of traditions as the for-mation and promotion of new myths brings together intelligentsia and intellectuals. The dynamics of the 20th century turned Georgian intellectuals into cultural hostages of modernization and processes of constant (re)production of the identities and meanings, including nation, space, freedom, independence etc.

Purpose. The author analyses the problems of Sorbian ethnic culture as one of the invented traditions of Sorbian nationalism. The aim of the article is to analyse the strategies used by intellectuals in their attempts to actualise and visualise the ethnic culture of Sorbians as a form of identity and invented tradition in the actual situation. Methods. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles of interdisciplinary historiography of nationalism, including the concepts of the imagination of communities and the invention of traditions. Results. Analysing the role and importance of ethnicity and ethnic culture in its systematized and standardized versions, the author believes that these factors in Sorbian nationalism were more important than in other European nationalisms, which lost the potential of ethnicity gradually, reducing and minimizing it to museumized forms. The author believes that several factors, including the threats of Germanization, the lack of complete social structures, and the slow dynamics of political and social transformations became incentives for Sorbian intellectuals to use the potential of traditional culture in its ethnic forms. In general, it is assumed that the current phase in the development of Sorbian cultural nationalism led to its virtualization, changed the forms of ethnic mobilization, and inspired the final transformation of the cultural activities of nationalists into one of the practices of invention of traditions. The article shows that the existence of ethnic culture as an invented tradition is an important factor in the development of Sorbians as an imagined community and political nation.

Purpose. The author analyses the problems of Sorbian ethnic culture as one of the invented traditions of Sorbian nationalism. The aim of the article is to analyse the strategies used by intellectuals in their attempts to actualise and visualise the ethnic culture of Sorbians as a form of identity and invented tradition in the actual situation. Methods. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles of interdisciplinary historiography of nationalism, including the concepts of the imagination of communities and the invention of traditions. Results. The author analyses the problems of the modern history of Sorbian identity in contexts of the perception of Sorbians as an imagined community and the invention of traditions for the development of their political, cultural and ethnic identity. It is assumed that the political identity of the Sorbians is less developed than ethnic one, including its cultural and linguistic dimensions. The author analyses the cultural, educational and linguistic initiatives of Sorbian nationalists. The author analyses processes of invention of traditions in a “late” modernisation society, where the nation, as a political community, emerged later than in neighboring regions, as well as the contradictions of the dominant majority in its politics of assimilation and integration of minorities. The author presumes that the slow social and cultural dynamics, the lack of complete social structures, assimilation and Germanization became factors that influenced the processes of national consolidation of the Sorbians significantly, determining the peculiarities of their modernization and transformation from the traditional community into a nation. It is assumed that the practices and strategies of Sorbian intellectuals in the invention of traditions as the basis for the functioning of identity became attempts to actualise the “ethnic” in modern globalizing German society. The author analyses the role of various cultural practices of Sorbian intellectuals, which they use to revitalize their identities.

Автор анализирует особенности генезиса и истории арийского мифа в иранском, индийском и таджикском национализме как фронтирных случаях развития национализма. Автор анализирует развитие арийского мифа во фронтирных националистических воображениях: во-первых, предполагается, что индийские националисты имели опыт использования арийского мифа, но арийская идея никогда не принадлежала к числу центральных в идеологии национализма; во-вторых, автор полагает, что иранские политические элиты, которые пытались модернизировать и вестернизировать Иран, использовали арийский миф, потому что пытались подменить мусульманские религиозные основания иранской идентичности арийскими, воображаемыми ими как более светские; в-третьих, таджикские националисты, как полагает автор статьи, смогли использовать арийский миф только после десоветизации страны и распада СССР как один из инструментов политической мобилизации для борьбы с радикальным исламским проектом.

Purpose. The author analyzes the role and importance of academic Basque language studies in the development of Basque nationalism. Methods. The author uses the methods of intellectual history and the principles of interdisciplinarity proposed in the studies of nationalism. Results. Various concepts, based on the ideas and values of continuity and the continuous historical, linguistic and geographical presence of the Basques in their region of residence, are analyzed in the article. The author analyzes modernist versions of the history of the Basque language also. It is assumed that a symbiotic situation arose in Basque nationalism between a nationalistic imagination based on an ethnic paradigm and external academic studies, which stimulated academicization and formal normalization of nationalism, whose reputation too doubtful because its supporters preferred to use radical methods and violence. The author presumes that continuity theories and modernist approaches actualized the heterogeneity of the Basque nationalistic imagination. The article shows that modernists standardized the Basque language, turning it into a factor of the visualization of ethnicity and identity. It is also presumed that supporters of continuity were too active in their attempts to historize the ethnic paradigm of the Basque political imagination, inspiring the rise of symbolic prestige of membership in the Basque civil nation.

The article is concerned with the issues of diagnostics of the status and identification of tendencies in the development of the international competitive potential of research universities of Ukraine. The dynamics of rating positions of the higher education institutions of Ukraine in the international rating system QS World University Rankings 2012–2019 is researched. It is determined that among seven national research universities present in the global rating for 2019 the undisputed leader is V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. An analytical assessment of the international competitive potential of research universities in Ukraine has identified significant disparities in: the overall contingent of Ukrainian students; the proportion of the number of Ukrainian students as to the education and qualification levels (EQL) of «Bachelor» and «Master»; the general contingent of foreign students; the proportion of the number of foreign students as to the EQL of «Bachelor» and «Master»; the total number of Ukrainian scientific and pedagogical workers; the proportion of Ukrainian and foreign scientific and pedagogical workers. The analysis of the number of institutions of higher education in Ukraine of the III.–IV. accreditation levels allowed to identify a tendency towards their reduction, which in turn will lead to higher quality education at those universities. The author presents fourteen Ukrainian higher education institutions with significant research potential, with the status of a research university in the period of 2009–2014. These institutions should become objects of a promising development, in order to increase their international competitive potential. It is necessary to develop clear criteria for obtaining and verification of the status of research university in Ukraine. It is important that these requirements correlate with the requirements of the world-class universities that are leaders at the international level. After that, work should begin on the formation and implementation of a strategic program for the development of international competitive potential of research universities in Ukraine.

The article allocates and systematizes the stages of legal support for the institutional formation and development of research universities in Ukraine. For this purpose 40 of normative-legal acts are researched that in different periods formed economic preconditions for regulation of development of research universities in Ukraine. The author’s own vision of the stages of development is as follows: the first stage (1991–2007) – «origination» of the main legislative documents regulating relations in the scientific and scientific-technical spheres of the independent and democratic Ukraine; the second stage (2007–2014) – «formation», when the relevant normative legal acts were adopted, legalizing research universities in the institutional environment of Ukraine; unfortunately, between 2014 and 2015, passed the third stage – «decline». The government was forced to abolish the research status of higher education institutions in order to balance the State financial system; from the first half of 2015 began the fourth stage - «revival», characterized by the adoption of a number of important regulations for the entry of the Ukrainian system of education in the market environment of the EU and the world; after accomplishing of the above mentioned tasks there will be the fifth stage – «strategic development» that will ensure the gradual granting of the status of the research university to higher education institutions corresponding to such level. It is substantiated that at the stage of strategic development it is necessary to start formation of the national scientific service centers of research universities of Ukraine on the basis of innovative principles. For this purpose it will be necessary to develop a comprehensive nationwide program of development of the national research universities of Ukraine, which should become the center of creation and commercialization of modern technologies. In this context, there is an urgent need to adopt a new law of Ukraine «On transfer of technologies», which will provide modern opportunities of the civil-legal relations in the formation of an open market of products appeared as a result of intellectual activity.

The object of this research is the activity of 25 leading research universities in the world. One of the most problematic issues is the in-depth analysis of the ranking indicators of world-class research universities in order to identify the priorities for the development of research universities in the European Union. The following scientific methods were used in the research: generalizations, analysis, synthesis, graphical method, and also comparison method. The study is based on data on the global university rankings in QS World University Rankings 2018 and empirical data from publicly available sources provided by the research universities. The article also systematizes the scientific views of the leading scientists of Europe and the world on the course of development of research universities and analyses the experience of implementing joint scientific projects in the EU countries. The importance of international cooperation between research universities in the fields of academic mobility and scientific research is underlined due to the fact that the global challenges and prospects that the research universities in the European Union and the world are facing are transient and create a tough competitive environment. Strengthening their leadership potential and developing entrepreneurial thinking has been revealed as a modern trend in the development of research universities. The article characterizes the 25 best world-class research universities, and the factors which have enabled them to uncover their strengths and systematize the key areas of in-depth specialization. The contrasting differences between the analysed research universities are shown, as there are significant disparities in the total number of students, foreign students and staff of research universities, showing fundamentally different approaches to the organization of educational and research processes, even within a single country. This is due to the fact that the ratio of student per staff representative significantly affects the quality of education. The author proposes the key development priorities for research universities in the European Union, which consist in intensified work on: academic reputation; the number of foreign students; reputation of employers; improvement of the ratio of the number of students to the number of staff; improvement of quality and increase in the number of citations of scientific publications by university researchers; increasing the share of the university’s participation in international educational and scientific networks of other countries and continents.

The article substantiates the author’s own definition of the essence of economic category of «development of research university» as a transition of the management system of research university into a new status under the influence of irreversible, focused and natural changes of technique and technology of organization of educational and scientific activity. This has allowed to put forward and substantiate the hypothesis that the greatest efficiency of development is carried out by the strategy of perfection of priority potentials and spheres of research university at the expense of additional synergistic effect. Also a new management category of «strategic control of development of research university» is introduced and an author’s own definition of it is proposed: a process of formation and implementation of strategic goals and programs to ensure the transition of research university in a new quality as a way to respond to challenges in the internal and external environment to achieve the general mission of the institution. This model provides implementation of process of strategic management and comprehensively develops perspective potentials and spheres of activity of research university. This process is described in six main stages based on the change of the management system of research university at the point of bifurcation, when the old system of research university loses the dominant role under the influence of new attractors that bring the system to a new status of quality change.

The article substantiates the author’s vision of the mission of modern research university, which is based on the combination of scientific research, training, service to the State, and disclosure of competence of innovative thinking, which represents an effective synthesis of the processes of cognition and creation. The author proposes to add the fourth stage and component to the development of the research university mission, which has begun in 21st century and is characterized by rapid expansion of digital technologies. The new mission reflects the full divertissement of the university phenomenon, which synthesizes the research and training activities. The author’s definition of the category of «research university» and the suggestion of the author’s own understanding of the categories of «world class university», «national university», and «corporate university» have provided for disclosure of their comprehensive content in accordance with the real situation of the contemporary development of science and education at the global level. The generalized areas of manifestations of the phenomenon of research university have allowed to determine ten indicators of internal purpose for the social and economic benefit, which are carried out by research universities for the benefit of mankind. The author presents his own vision of the hierarchy of universities in the modern global environment, which is based on the dominant advantage of high-tech digital universities, which are already elaborating the future of science and education and create possibilities to perform new functions, which classical universities cannot implement.

The study rethinks the role of research university as a social and economic phenomenon. It has been determined that the phenomenon of research university consists in a versatile disclosure of innovation potential of talented personalities, capable of scientific inquiry. 45 literary sources, representing the opinions of authoritative scholars of the international level in the sphere of creation and development of research universities in different time periods, are systematized and analyzed. As determined by the author, research university had evolved and acquired new forms through the centuries, but its fundamental importance in the development of society remained unchanged, having no alternative. The development of 21st century is characterized by rapid expansion of digital technologies and, at the same time, there’s a new era of trials and transformations for the university phenomenon. Those universities, which lead the processes of development, implementation and wide use of digital technologies, can expect a successful strategic perspective along with consistent development. Regarding those which ignore digital technologies, the author notes that they will be bound to technological backwardness and gradual curtailment of their activities.

The key directions for the long-term development of scientific libraries of research universities in Ukraine are determined to improve their strategic management system on the way toward entry into the European competitive environment. The scientific ideas, practice and legislative bases in the field of the development of scientific libraries in the European Union are highlighted. There carried out comparative characteristic of the traditional library and the modern one with the purpose of revealing distinctions of their functioning and development. The content of the seventeen main contrasts that distinguish these libraries is identified and described. On the basis of the analysis of the European experience, there identified and characterized twelve key directions for the further strategic development of Ukraine’s scientific libraries, which are in the improvement of digital content; library space; systems of automation of service processes; observance of copyrights; commercialization of library services; international exchange of the library information; depository of master works; updating of equipment; a consolidated system for detecting plagiarism; introduction of new related services; alternative financing systems; systems for staff development. The results of this study will be useful for leaders of research universities and their scientific libraries, as well as scientists and practitioners in the field of strategic management of development of research universities.

The article researches the national system of ranking of research universities of Poland «Perspektywy» («Perspectives»). It is determined that the rating systems of research universities are powerful stimuli for development of these institutions. The article analyzes the scientific idea, tendencies of development of approaches to estimation and development of research of the universities of Poland. It is determined that the most topical questions, which are studied by the leading scientists of Poland, are: relevant definition of the indicators of ratings and their significance; issues related to the evaluation of Polish universities in the lifelong learning sphere; researches on the methodology of evaluating the usefulness of information in the websites of higher education institutions; innovative ways of development of the Polish economy by introduction of results of scientific researches of the universities into business practice etc. The methodological peculiarities of the Polish rating system, which evaluates the activity of research universities, are disclosed. This system is based on evaluation of the seven main rating indicators: prestige; graduates in the labor market; innovativeness; scientific potential; scientific efficiency; training conditions; internationalization of education. The publication will be useful for the heads of research universities and specialists in the field of strategic management development of research universities.

The article presents the development of scientific thought through the prism of an analysis of the works by authoritative scientists of the world level concerning approaches to evaluation of the strategy of development of libraries of universities of research type. The comparison method was applied to allocate the differences between the traditional academic library and a modern academic library as the contrasts that slow down the course of strategic development. The article defines and systematizes the criteria, according to which an academic library of a research university be evaluated. The authors have proposed an approach on the basis of applying the method of SPACE analysis in order to provide evaluation of strategy for development of Mykhaylo Maksymovych Academic Library of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, the strategic recommendations for the further reforming have been suggested.

The concept of historical time is a focal point in the imagination and invention of national history. Among nations without a tradition of independent statehood, historical time was actualized when these nations became independent actors in historical processes. Nationalists played a special role in inventing historical time in their struggle against more powerful opponents. Beginning in the interwar period, Chuvash nationalists formed their own unique Chuvash concept of historical time. Nationalist-inclined Chuvash intellectuals radically tried to separate Chuvash historical time from Russian collective representations. In contrast, during the latter half of the twentieth century, Chuvash Soviet intellectuals developed a loyal version of historical time integrated into the broader Soviet and Russian historical context. In the post-Soviet period, Chuvash intellectuals revived the earlier national idea of historical time from their interwar predecessors. The current intellectual community of historians in Chuvashia is fragmented into two groups, those who cultivate a national Chuvash version of historical time and those who endorse a pro-Russian version. On the one hand, the general uncertainty of Chuvash historical time has stimulated the rise of historical pessimism. On the other hand, the historical situation provided intellectuals with limited number of opportunities and options for political, social and cultural progress. Therefore, debates about historical time among Chuvash nationalists continue through the present day, while the general trajectories of collective representations about historical time remain unclear.

The successful experience of the main educational and scientific institution of Poland – the University of Warsaw in formation and implementation of own strategy of development of educational services and educational programs under conditions of Polish membership in the European Union was researched. The model of the development system of the University of Warsaw has been built, based on its eleven main elements, reflecting the main strategic directions of development, which provide the basis for development of the University in the strategic perspective. The most important directions are described, which are pivotal and development-inclusive: concept of Open University; expansion of existing and creation of new training programs of an interdisciplinary nature; selection and education of scientific and pedagogical staff; training and practice of students; postgraduate education; launching of training programs in foreign languages, internationalization of education; paid tuition; scholarship programs of the University; promotion of outstanding didactic activities through the Foundation for didactic innovation; organizing the recruitment of candidates for training; quality of education. The scientific and practical results of this research will be useful for the top-level managers engaged in the development and implementation of strategies for higher education institutions and research universities in Ukraine.

We present a dynamical study of the narrow-line regions in two nearby type 2 quasars (QSO2s). We construct dynamical models based on detailed photoionization models of the emission-line gas, including the effects of internal dust, to apply to observations of large-scale outflows from these active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We use Mrk 477 and Mrk 34 in order to test our models against recent Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) observations of [O  iii ] emission-line kinematics, since these AGNs possess more energetic outflows than found in Seyfert galaxies. We find that the outflows within 500 pc are consistent with radiative acceleration of dusty gas, however the outflows in Mrk 34 are significantly more extended and may not be directly accelerated by radiation. We characterize the properties of X-ray winds found from the expansion of [O  iii ]-emitting gas close to the black hole. We show that such winds possess the kinetic energy density to disturb [O  iii ] gas at ∼1.8 kpc, and have sufficient energy to entrain the [O  iii ] clouds at ∼1.2 kpc. Assuming that the X-ray wind possesses the same radial mass distribution as the [O  iii ] gas, we find that the peak kinetic luminosity for this wind is 2 per cent of Mrk 34's bolometric luminosity, which is in the 0.5–5 per cent range required by some models for efficient feedback. Our work shows that, although the kinetic luminosity as measured from [O  iii ]-emitting gas is frequently low, X-ray winds may provide more than one order of magnitude higher kinetic power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A likely tidal disruption of a star by the intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) of a dwarf galaxy was recently identified in association with Abell 1795. Without deep spectroscopy for this very faint object, however, the possibility of a more massive background galaxy or even a disc-instability flare from a weak active galactic nucleus (AGN) could not be dismissed. We have now obtained 8 h of Gemini spectroscopy which unambiguously demonstrates that the host galaxy is indeed an extremely low mass (M⋆ ∼ 3 × 108 M⊙) galaxy in Abell 1795, comparable to the least massive galaxies determined to host IMBHs via other studies. We find that the spectrum is consistent with the X-ray flare being due to a tidal disruption event rather than an AGN flare. We also set improved limits on the black hole mass (log[M•/M⊙] ∼ 5.3–5.7) and infer a 15 yr X-ray variability of a factor of ≳104. The confirmation of this galaxy–black hole system provides a glimpse into a population of galaxies that is otherwise difficult to study, due to the galaxies’ low masses and intrinsic faintness, but which may be important contributors to the tidal disruption rate. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]