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Based on a combined scanning tunnelling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study we present detailed insights into pronounced changes of long-range order and intramolecular conformation during the self-metalation of 2H-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl)-phenylporphyrin (2HTTBPP) to CuTTBPP on Cu(111). Upon metalation, the porphyrin literally ''pops up'' from the surface, due to a drastically reduced molecule-substrate interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological activities of CD8+ that co-express CD57 remain poorly defined. It is unclear whether all CD8+ cells have the potential to become CD57+ or whether they represent a unique subset with distinct functions. Several studies have reported the association between elevated numbers of CD8+CD57+ and a wide range of clinical disorders such as viral reactivation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In this study, we have investigated the relationship between viral reactivation and the effect of diminished interleukin (IL)-2 production. Using CD8+ cells isolated from patients at various times after allogeneic transplants and in vitro models of HCMV infection, we determined their combined effect on CD8+CD57+. Our results show that high numbers of CD8+CD57+ correlated with diminished killing of HCMV-infected targets. In addition, we showed a synergistic effect between IL-2 and HCMV in the expansion of CD8+CD57+ cells. Furthermore, these cells after anti-CD3 stimulation did not produce tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α or interferon (IFN)-γ. Interestingly, IL-10 production was elevated in several patients which appeared to be associated with the time from transplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report presents a system for a comprehensive continuing surveillance of patients with infections and of those who received antimicrobials during the hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]