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Abstract Myodural bridge (MDB) is a dense connective tissue between suboccipital muscle and dura mater. However, there are few reports on the development and maturation of the human MDB. This study aims to explore the developmental relationship between suboccipital muscle and MDB. 30 head and neck specimens from human fetuses (F) ranging from the 12th to 41st week (W) were made into histological sections. The F12W sections showed evidence that the dura mater dominated by fibroblasts, attached to the posterior atlanto-axial membrane (PAAM) which completely sealed the atlanto-axial space. In the F13W stage, myofibrils of the suboccipital muscle fibers increased significantly in number. At the F14W stage, a gap was observed at the caudal end of the PAAM. Numerous myodural bridge-like structures were observed blending into the dura mater through the gap. At the F19W stage, muscle cells mature. Starting at the F21W stage, the MDB were observed as fibroblasts that cross the atlanto-axial interspace and attach to the dura mater. Therefore, the traction generated by the suboccipital muscles seems to promote the maturity of MDB. This study will provide new morphological knowledge to support future research on the function of the human MDB and regulating the development mechanism of MDB.

Abstract State-of-the-art medical studies proved that long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) are closely related to various diseases. However, their large-scale detection in biological experiments is problematic and expensive. To aid screening and improve the efficiency of biological experiments, this study introduced a prediction model based on the nearest neighbor concept for lncRNA–disease association prediction. We used a new similarity algorithm in the model that fused potential associations. The experimental validation of the proposed algorithm proved its superiority over the available Cosine, Pearson, and Jaccard similarity algorithms. Satisfactory results in the comparative leave-one-out cross-validation test (with AUC = 0.96) confirmed its excellent predictive performance. Finally, the proposed model’s reliability was confirmed by performing predictions using a new dataset, yielding AUC = 0.92.

Abstract Three singlet new Higgs superfields and right-handed neutrinos are added to MSSM to obtain $$U(1)_X$$ U ( 1 ) X SSM model. Its local gauge group is $$SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y \times U(1)_X$$ S U ( 3 ) C × S U ( 2 ) L × U ( 1 ) Y × U ( 1 ) X . In the framework of $$U(1)_X$$ U ( 1 ) X SSM, we study muon anomalous magnetic moment and lepton flavor violating decays $$l_j\rightarrow {l_i\gamma }(j=2,3;i=1,2)$$ l j → l i γ ( j = 2 , 3 ; i = 1 , 2 ) within the mass insertion approximation (MIA). Through the MIA method, we can find the parameters that directly affect the analytical result of the lepton flavor violating decays $$l_j\rightarrow {l_i\gamma }$$ l j → l i γ , which make our work more convenient. We want to provide a set of simple analytic formulas for the form factors and the associated effective vertices, that may be very useful for future phenomenological studies of the lepton flavor violating decays. According to the accuracy of the numerical results which the influence of different sensitive parameters, we come to the conclusion that the non-diagonal elements which correspond to the generations of the initial lepton and final lepton are main sensitive parameters and lepton flavor violation (LFV) sources. This work can provide a clear signal of new physics (NP).

Abstract Computer aided research of lncRNA-disease association is an important way to study the development of lncRNA-disease. The correlation analysis of existing data, the establishment of prediction model, prediction of unknown lncRNA-disease association, can make the biological experiment targeted, improve the accuracy of biological experiment. In this paper, a lncRNA-disease association prediction model based on latent factor model and projection is proposed (LFMP). This method uses lncRNA-miRNA association data and miRNA-disease association data to predict the unknown lncRNA-disease association, so this method does not need lncRNA-disease association data. The simulation results show that under the LOOCV framework, the AUC of LFMP can reach 0.8964. Better than the latest results. Through the case study of lung and colorectal tumors, LFMP can effectively infer the undetected lncRNA-disease association.

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an infectious viral disease caused by epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and EHDV frequently circulates in wild and domestic ruminants. Sporadic outbreaks of EHD have caused thousands of deaths and stillbirths on cattle farms. However, not much is known about the circulating status of EHDV in Guangdong, southern China. To estimate the seroprevalence of EHDV in Guangdong province, 2886 cattle serum samples were collected from 2013 to 2017 and tested for antibodies against EHDV using a competitive ELISA. The overall seroprevalence of EHDV reached 57.87% and was highest in autumn (75.34%). A subset of positive samples were serotyped by a serum neutralization test, showing that EHDV serotypes 1 and 5–8 were circulating in Guangdong. In addition, EHDV prevalence always peaked in autumn, while eastern Guangdong had the highest EHDV seropositivity over the five-year period, displaying apparent temporal–spatial distribution of EHDV prevalence. A binary logistic model analysis indicated a significant association between cattle with BTV infections and seroprevalence of EHDV (OR = 1.70, p < 0.001). The co-infection of different serotypes of EHDV and BTV raises a high risk of potential genomic reassortment and is likely to pose a significant threat to cattle, thus urging more surveillance to monitor their circulating dynamics in China.

Porous SiC ceramics were prepared by a new approach combination of carbothermal reduction and subsequent recrystallization sintering. Firstly, micro-sized SiC particles were used as the skeleton, and SiC spherical nanocrystals were in-situ synthesized by the vapor-solid reaction between carbon nanoparticles and silicon monoxide vapor. The shape and diameter of SiC nanocrystals are related to the pristine carbon nanoparticles, showing a shape memory effect. After recrystallization sintering, high purity α-SiC porous ceramics with tailored necking area were obtained by the evaporation-condensation of SiC nanocrystals. A linear relation was revealed between the flexural strength and the value of d/d0 of porous recrystallized SiC (RSiC) ceramics (the neck diameter to coarse micron-sized grains diameter ratio). The necking area and d/d0 value increased with the SiC nanocrystals content, due to the higher saturated vapor pressure resulted in high mass mobility to neck area of SiC nanoparticles. As a result, a remarkable value of d/d0 ~ 99% and outstanding flexural strength of 75.7 MPa could be achieved for the porous RSiC ceramics with ~42% porosity by adding 20 wt.% nano-sized SiC sintered at 1950°C for 2 h.

AIM: To investigate the clinical characteristics, surgical outcome and curative effect of congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles(CFEOM). METHODS: The eye exam of members in a Chinese family with CFEOM includes visual acuity, intraocular pressure, dilated fundus exam, extraocular muscle function test, orbital CT scan, and ultrasound. We did extraocular muscle surgery or frontalis suspension procedure for affected subjects in the family. RESULTS: The incidence of CFEOM in this family was 31%. All patients were affected bilateraly with symptom of congenital eye movement disorder, ptosis, hypotropia, perverted convergence on upgaze and chin up head position. As the age grows, the diseases worsen unobviously. No other systemic disorder was found. Surgical treatment improved the anomalous head position although the ocular movement disorder preserved. CONCLUSION: The pattern of inheritance in our serial patients are autosomal dominant. Surgery can improve chin up head position and cosmetic appearance. However, the eye movement deficiency cannot be improved.

The corrosion behavior of keyhole-free friction stir spot welded joints of dissimilar 6082 aluminum alloy and DP600 galvanized steel in 3.5% NaCl solution has been investigated by the immersion test and electrochemical analysis. The surface of the aluminum alloy produced exfoliation and pitting corrosion. The pitting occurred seriously on the interface of the 6082 aluminum alloy, but the steel had no corrosion. The corrosion galvanic couples were formed between elements of Si and Fe with a high electrode potential, and Mg and Al with a low electrode potential, around them. Mg and Al elements of Mg2Si and Si-containing solid-solution phase α (Al) preferentially became an anodic dissolution and formed exfoliation corrosion around the Si elements. Fe-rich phase θ (Al3Fe) as the cathode caused corrosion of Mg and formed pitting around Mg-rich phase β (Al3Mg2) as the anode. The sequence of the corrosion resistance of different areas of the joints (with decreasing corrosion resistance) was WNZ (Weld Nugget Zone) > TMAZ (Thermo-mechanically Affected Zone) > BM (Base Metal) > HAZ (Heat-affected Zone). The joints of keyhole-free FSSW (Fiction Stir Spot Welding) of dissimilar 6082 aluminum alloy and DP600 galvanized steel have better corrosion resistance than base metal in 3.5% NaCl solution.

The title compound, C13H13N5O, crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular N—H...N and N—H...O hydrogen bonds. The dihedral angles between the pyrazine ring and the 4-aminolphenyl ring are 2.5 (1) and 6.5 (1)° in the two molecules.

An investigation was made on the electromagnetic shielding behaviour and other functional properties for manufactured multifunctional elastic warp-knitted fabrics. Bamboo charcoal polyester/Crisscross-section polyester (BC-PET/CSP) blended yarns were used as the back of the warp-knitted fabric while conductive composite yarns were used as the front. The variation in the far infrared emissivity and anion density of elastic-warp knitted fabrics produced with different proportions of BC-PET content were studied in detail. Moreover the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of the fabrics with different elongation was measured in this study. The experimental results showed that increased elongation almost did not significantly affect the EM shielding behaviour of fabric K1 in the elongation range of 0 - 40%. Finally to increase the EMSE of the fabric, the lamination method was used in this study. EMSE measurement results showed that two layer K1 warpknitted fabrics with 90° interval displayed a better shielding effect against the EM wave compared to that with a 0° interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In view of the terrain around highway in the research area, a segment & layer based terrain LOD modeling algorithm is proposed. By combination with view-dependent factors, the complex scene of large scale terrain is simplified and the observation effect of 3D terrain visualization in research area is improved. The application of multithread processing mechanism and vision smooth transition processing enables simultaneous processing of terrain mapping and data scheduling, and improves the efficiency of terrain walkthrough and the real-time visualization effect. The experimental results show that this algorithm is featured with large amount of data processing, high efficiency and fine effect etc. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A new magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent containing organophosphonate functional groups was synthesized in high yield by a simple synthesis procedure. This molecule exhibits much higher longitudinal water proton relaxivity (37.0 mM −1s −1) than commercial Omniscan (Gd-DTPA BMA, 5.7 mM −1s −1) at 0.35 T. Notably, the relaxivity is larger than that of carboxylated Gd@C 82(16.0 mM −1s −1) under the same conditions, indicating that the functional groups have an important role on the image contrast enhancement. In addition, the introduction of phosphonate substituents may provide bone-targeting MRI contrast agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Study on Relationship between Single-Slice Hounsfield Unit(HU) value of the Chinese proximal humerus and Bone Mineral Density(BMD) Using Routine Chest CT and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DEXA) was performed. Data were collected from 240 individuals who underwent DEXA and routine chest CT scans (including full images of the proximal humerus) on the same day at 967 Hospitals between January 2019 and December 2021. The method of measuring single-slice HU values of the proximal humerus on routine chest CT scans exhibited high reliability and repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.961, P < 0.001). A strong positive correlation was observed between single-slice HU values of the proximal humerus and DEXA results, with the 20-mm HU value demonstrating the highest correlation. Across different BMI groups, the Area Under Curve (AUC) for the 20-mm HU value was consistently the largest (AUC=0.701-0.813, P< 0.05). Therefore, the 20-mm HU value can be considered a reliable reference for the opportunistic screening of low BMD, with reference values of -4HU for underweight individuals, -13HU for normal weight individuals, -7HU for overweight individuals, and -16HU for obese individuals. Values below these thresholds indicate a risk of low BMD. This study enriches the Chinese BMD data and offers a swift and effective approach for opportunistically screening low BMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative study of the morphology of suboccipital cavernous sinus (SCS) using MRI and cast specimens was performed. The present retrospective study analysed the craniocervical magnetic resonance venography (MRV) imaging data of 61 patients. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed using Mimics 19.0. The SCS left-right diameter(d1), distance from the midline (d2), supero-inferior diameter(d3), anteroposterior diameter (d4), distance from posterior diameter to skin (d5), and diameter of the SCS at different parts (d6-d8) were measured. Comparison between MRV images and cast specimens, the SCS, marginal sinus, anterior condylar vein, and vertebral artery venous plexus were symmetrical and could be bilaterally displayed, whereas the presence of extra condylar vein and posterior condylar vein exhibited different types. The adjacency between the SCS and its communicating vessels and changes in its communicating vessels corresponded well with the MRV images and cast specimens. Many types of the presence of left and right lateral condylar and posterior condylar veins were found in the cast specimens, which could be divided into the bilateral presence of posterior condylar and lateral condylar veins, unilateral presence of posterior condylar veins, and unilateral presence of lateral condylar vein. A total of 61 cases analysed using MRV images revealed the bilateral presence of posterior condylar and lateral condylar veins (77.1 %), the unilateral presence of posterior condylar vein (18.0 %), and the unilateral presence of lateral condylar vein (9.8 %), of which the bilateral presence of posterior condylar and lateral condylar veins accounted for the largest proportion. MRV images and cast specimens of the SCS showed its normal morphological structure and adjacency, thus providing accurate and complete Three-dimensional imaging anatomical data of the SCS and its communicating vascular structures. This study enriches the Chinese SCS imaging anatomy data and may be valuable in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective We aimed to investigate the morphological changes and potential correlation between chronic headaches and the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle (RCPmi). Methods Comparison of RCPmi between patients with chronic headaches and healthy adult volunteers were collected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Mimics software. Results Among the 235 MRI images analyzed, the data between the two groups were considered statistically significant. The number of males was larger than that of females ( p < 0.001) and the headache group showed greater hypertrophy than the control group in both males ( p < 0.001) and females ( p = 0.001). Conclusions Chronic headaches were correlated with the RCPmi. Patients with chronic headaches suffered from more obvious hypertrophy than that of the control group. Additionally, it was supposed that RCPmi hypertrophy may be one pathogenesis of the chronic headaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past findings confirm that the Rectus Capitis Posterior minor (RCPmi) is connected to the cervical spinal dura mater via the Myodural Bridge (MDB) through the posterior antlanto-occipital interspace. It is hypothesized to perform some functions. Furthermore, some clinical studies found that the pathology of RCPmi might be related to chronic headaches. But few studies were related to the morphological parameters of the RCPmi. It would be conducive to performing clinical researches on the RCPmi and MDB. To explore the optimal section for measuring the RCPmi by MRI and provide imaging anatomy parameters of the RCPmi for clinical research. The RCPmi was measured in the dissection of 10 formalin-fixed cadaver specimens. The morphological parameters of the RCPmi were obtained. Based on these parameters, T2-weighted images of the RCPmi were collected from 109 healthy adults by using the MRIs with different oblique sagittal scanning angles. The parameters of length and area of the RCPmi on the scanning sections were measured using MRI workstation and Mimics software. The length of RCPmi reached a maximum at 30 degrees scanning leaned from the posterior median line through the dens of the axis in oblique sagittal section. At this scanning section, the length of RCPmi was 21.2 ± 2.6 mm in males and 19.3 ± 2.4 mm in females and the area of RCPmi was 91.9 ± 27.2 mm2 in males and 73.3 ± 22 mm2 in females. These parameters of RCPmi were present with significant gender differences (P < 0.05) but was not age related. Thirty degrees leaned from the median line was suggested to be the optimum scanning angle to display the RCPmi in oblique sagittal section. The reference values of length and area of the RCPmi were established for studies of hypertrophy or amyotrophy of the RCPmi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]