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There is an urgent need to explore natural sources like Caulerpa racemosa (Försskal) J. Agardh for bioactive compounds with strong antioxidant and therapeutic potential, providing sustainable alternatives for health and pharmaceutical innovation. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profile and biological activities of extracts from edible green algae–known as sea grapes (C. racemosa). This present study has successfully identified secondary metabolites through untargeted metabolomic profiling by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) as well as a bioactive peptide. The antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of extracts from C. racemosa and compounds were determined. A total of 103 metabolites were identified in the C. racemosa extract obtained by the maceration (ME), while 48 metabolites were detected in the soxhlet extract (SE). The sequence of the identified peptide was ELWKTF (Glu-Leu-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe; C41H58N8O) and its abundance was identified in the α-chymotrypsin hydrolysate of C. racemosa. In the antioxidant activity test, SE and purified fraction 1 (PF1) had EC50

The discovery of new molecules from natural sources for the treatment of tumors such as breast cancers is of importance for the development of functional foods and to the pharmaceutical industry. A natural resource with potential activity against breast cancer is forest onion, Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb., but the identity of its active constituents and their mechanisms of action remain unexplored. Therefore, this study focuses on metabolite profiling, in silico or pharmacoinformatic activity and mechanisms, as well as advanced validation on in vitro cell lines. Ten compounds identified in E. bulbosa bulb ethanolic extract (EBE) showed cancer receptor and radical inhibitory activity via network pharmacology and molecular docking simulation. The most promising compound was avenasterol binding PARP-1, HER2, iNOS receptors with values of −11.26, −8.34, and −9.17 μg/mL, respectively. EBE and avenasterol had a smaller EC50 value, or higher potency, than the control antioxidant Trolox in radical scavenging tests with ABTS and DPPH. In line with the in silico study, EBE and avenasterol showed antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer MCF-7 with LD50 217.8 μg/mL, with relatively low cytotoxicity to normal MCF-10A cells (LD50 > 1000 μg/mL). The antiproliferative mechanism of EBE on MCF-7 was associated with downregulation of TGF-β, HER2, PI3K, and AKT which are known tumor activators. Significant (p

ABSTRACTDespite its potential benefits, lutein availability can be limited due to inadequate dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, and seaweed. Additionally, lutein faces challenges related to gastrointestinal absorption due to its physicochemical characteristics. To tackle these issues, fortifying staple foods with lutein is proposed, but its low solubility and susceptibility to oxidative degradation present hurdles. Nanoencapsulation technology emerges as a promising solution for improving lutein stability during food processing, storage, and absorption. However, lutein’s stability remains a challenge, with susceptibility to degradation by temperature, UV-light, and oxygen exposure. Food processing involving high temperatures can cause degradation, while specific UV-wavelengths lead to cleavage of lutein molecules. This critical viewpoint carries substantial scientific significance by urging researchers globally to prioritize clinical investigations and the advancement of plant-based lutein nanoencapsulation in basic dietary items. Clinical studies focusing on lutein-plant-based nanoencapsulation approaches are essential to improve its stability and bioaccessibility, ultimately contributing to better vision health.

Foods that have nutritional value along with additional health advantages are referred to as functional foods. Fruits, vegetables, and spices are rich sources of antioxidants, which can help prevent damage from free radicals and environmental stress. It has been demonstrated that consuming foods high in antioxidants lowers the risk of degenerative diseases such as cancer, emphysema, immunological deficiencies, respiratory disorders, heart disease, and stroke. It also lowers the risk of Parkinson’s disease and other inflammatory conditions. Traditional Indonesian fermented soybean-based food products, or soybeans and known as “tempe”, have been associated with a host of health benefits, including a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, a lower risk of cancer, improved bone health, and enhanced immunological function. This article investigates tempe’s potential as a meal with antioxidant properties and suggests a mechanism via which it can trigger the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response. The study offers insights into the potential applications, development, and potentiation of tempe by synthesizing potential biomolecular pathways for its antioxidant actions at the cellular level.

Asthma remains a significant global health challenge, demanding innovative approaches to treatment. Traditional medicine has a rich history of using natural products to alleviate asthmatic symptoms. However, transitioning from these traditional remedies to modern drug discovery approaches has provided fresh insights into the mechanisms and effectiveness of these natural products. This study provides our comprehensive review, which examines the current state of knowledge in the treatment of asthma. It delves into the mechanisms through which natural products ameliorate asthma symptoms, and it discusses their potential in the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Our analysis reveals that natural products, traditionally employed for asthma relief, exhibit diverse mechanisms of action. These include anti-inflammatory, bronchodilatory, immunomodulatory effects, and reducing gene expression. In the context of modern drug discovery, these natural compounds serve as valuable candidates for the development of novel asthma therapies. The transition from traditional remedies to modern drug discovery represents a promising avenue for asthma treatment. Our review highlights the substantial efficacy of natural products in managing asthma symptoms, underpinned by well-defined mechanisms of action. By bridging the gap between traditional and contemporary approaches, we contribute to the growing body of knowledge in the field, emphasizing the potential of natural products in shaping the future of asthma therapy.

Novel dietary strategies are urgently needed to address the limitations of current management and treatment options of Type-2 Diabetes (T2D). Marine algae-derived peptides (MAP) represent a promising avenue, although, their potential remains mostly underexplored. This study employs pharmacoinformatics and in vitro methods to evaluate the antidiabetic properties of MAP and provide new insights their mechanisms to mitigate the prevalence of T2D. Through a systematic search and predictive modeling, peptides were identified and assessed for bioactivity, toxicity, and drug-likeness. Furthermore, molecular docking simulations with protein targets related to T2D identified binding sites that be used to optimize the activity of MAP. The structure-activity relationship profile of MAP reveals 13 candidates with probable activity (Pa) scores >0.4, indicative of insulin promoter. The peptide FDGIP (P13;Phe-Asp-Gly-Ile-Pro) from Caulerpa lentillifera had the best in silico assessment value compared to 50 other peptides and its activity was confirmed by in vitro data (e.g.EC50 60.4 and 57.9 for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitions). Interestingly, in 3T3-L1 cells, P13 exhibited inhibitory activities against transcription factors and hormones (MAPK8-JNK1/PPARGC1A/Ghrelin/GLP-1/CPT-1) that can regulate blood sugar and decrease as anti-diabetes. P13 then appears to be a peptide with antidiabetic action that may be used in the formulation foods to manage T2D.

Latar Belakang: Teh hijau, kopi hijau dan kayu manis memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang tinggi dan berpengaruh terhadap efek perbaikan profil lipid darah. Tujuan: Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengembangkan produk minuman fungsional terpilih dari kombinasi teh hijau, kopi hijau dan kayu manis terutama bagi penderita hiperkolesterolemia. Metode: Desain yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimental murni dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga jenis formula dengan perbedaan rasio teh hijau, kopi hijau dan kayu manis: F1 (2,5:1:1), F2 (2:1,5:1) dan F3 (1,5:2:1). Penelitian ini menggunakan organoleptik tes dengan jumlah panelis semi terlatih sebanyak 30 orang. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis H test. Hasil: Hasil penelitian uji hedonik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada rata-rata karakteristik warna, rasa, aroma, kekentalan dan kesan rasa (p > 0,05). Formula yang paling disukai panelis adalah F2 dan memiliki tingkat penerimaan yang paling tinggi untuk semua karakteristik uji. Hasil uji menunjukkan satu takaran saji minuman (100 mL) F2 mengandung 1.1 g karbohidrat, 3,7 g protein, 0,7 g lemak dan 304 mg AEAC/100 g antioksidan. Kesimpulan: Pengembangan minuman fungsional berbasis teh hijau, kopi hijau dan kayu manis berpotensi sebagai sumber alternatif minuman tinggi antioksidan pada penderita hiperkelosterolemia.

Abstract Objective: This systematic review aimed to investigate the effect of water intake during pregnancy on infant birth weight. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using the keywords "water intake," "dehydration," "pregnancy," "outcome," "hydration," "birth weight," and "birth outcome" in databases such as "SCOPUS," "EBSCO," "PUBMED," "COCHRANE," and through "Google Search." MeSH headings "pregnancy" and "hydration" were used for the search. Inclusion criteria encompassed pregnant women without pathological disorders, birth weight as a studied outcome, prospective cohorts, clinical trial study designs, and Englishlanguage papers. Out of the 254 articles retrieved, six met the specifi ed requirements and were included in this review. Results: The fi ndings from the six studies consistently demonstrated a positive correlation between higher water intake, improved hydration, and increased birth weight. All studies measured water consumption or hydration status between 8-37 weeks of gestation. Regardless of the duration of the studies, underhydration or low water intake was consistently associated with lower birth weight. Conclusion: This review highlights that increasing water intake among pregnant women positively affects infant birth weight. Adequate water intake during pregnancy is recommended to be in the range of 2180 – 3000 mL daily, considering hydration status and the stage of pregnancy. Keywords: birth weight, hydration, pregnancy, water intake. Abstrak Tujuan: Untuk mengungkap pengaruh asupan air selama kehamilan terhadap berat lahir bayi. Metode: Menggunakan kata kunci “water intake," "dehydration," "pregnancy," "outcome," "hydration," "birth weight," dan "birth outcome,", artikel dicari. Data diambil dari database "SCOPUS," "EBSCO," "PUBMED," "COCHRANE," dan "Google Search". Kami menggunakan MeSH headings kehamilan dan hidrasi untuk istilah pencarian. Kriteria inklusi adalah perempuan hamil tanpa kelainan patologis, berat badan lahir adalah salah satu luaran penelitian, desain studi berupa kohort prospektif dan uji klinis, serta artikel dalam bahasa Inggris. Dari 254 artikel yang diperoleh, enam artikel memenuhi persyaratan dan digunakan untuk review ini. Hasil: Dari keenam penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi asupan air, semakin baik hidrasi atau asupan air meningkatkan berat bayi lahir. Semua penelitian mengukur konsumsi air atau status hidrasi antara 8-37 minggu. Studistudi ini secara konsisten memberikan bukti bahwa asupan air yang rendah atau kondisi kekurangan cairan dikaitkan dengan berat badan lahir rendah, terlepas dari durasi studi. Kesimpulan: Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan asupan air ibu hamil berpengaruh positif terhadap berat lahir bayi. Asupan air yang cukup pada ibu hamil adalah 2180 – 3000 mL setiap hari bergantung pada status hidrasi dan usia kehamilan. Kata kunci: asupan air, berat lahir, hidrasi, kehamilan.

Breast cancer presents a significant global health challenge with rising incidence rates worldwide. Despite current efforts, it remains inadequately controlled. Functional foods, notably tempeh, have emerged as promising candidates for breast cancer prevention and treatment due to bioactive peptides and isoflavones exhibiting potential anticancer properties by serving as antioxidants, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. This study integrates pharmacoinformatics and cellular investigations (i.e., a multifaceted approach) to elucidate the antioxidative and anti-breast cancer properties of tempeh-derived isoflavones. Methodologies encompass metabolomic profiling, in silico analysis, antioxidant assays, and in vitro experiments. Daidzein and genistein exhibited potential therapeutic options for breast cancer treatment and as antioxidant agents. In vitro studies also supported their efficacy against breast cancer and their ability to scavenge radicals, particularly in soy-based tempeh powder (SBT-P) and its isoflavone derivatives. Results have demonstrated a significant downregulation of breast cancer signaling proteins and increased expression of miR-7-5p, a microRNA with tumor-suppressive properties. Notably, the LD50 values of SBT-P and its derivatives on normal breast cell lines indicate their potential safety, with minimal cytotoxic effects on MCF-10A cells compared to control groups. The study underscores the favorable potential of SBT-P as a safe therapeutic option for breast cancer treatment, warranting further clinical exploration.

Stunting is the one factor that is responsible for the irretrievable damage to children’s mental and physical health. Stunting imitates chronic undernutrition throughout the most extreme critical stages of growth and development of a child in their early life, and due to that stunted child does not completely develop and are too short for their age. Stunting is mainly linked with brain underdevelopment, along with lifelong damaging consequences, comprising weakened mental and learning capacity, deprived performance in school during childhood, and enhanced risks of nutrition linked to chronic long-lasting ailments, such as diabetes, hypertension, diabesity, and obesity in the future. In this review, the authors mainly summarize the latest studies related to chronic nutrition and how it is related to stunting. Optimal nutrition, particularly during pregnancy and the first 24 months of a child’s life, is crucial in preventing stunting. Circadian rhythms play a significant role in maternal and fetal health, affecting outcomes such as premature birth and stunting. Maintaining a balanced diet, avoiding late-night carbohydrate-heavy meals during pregnancy, and promoting breastfeeding align with the body’s biological clock, which can benefit newborns in various ways. Providing dedicated spaces for breastfeeding in public places is important to support infant health.

Clitoria ternatea, with an alternative name, Butterfly pea, is increasingly being explored for medical purposes and the development of a wide range of processed products. This study aimed to incorporate Butterfly pea into an innovative probiotic drink through a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) fermentation and to evaluate the biological activity. The benefits of the drink, referred to as butterfly pea flower kombucha (KBPF) was determined in vitro and in metabolically disorder mice that receive a diet rich in cholesterol and fat (CFED). Forty white male were categorized into four groups, i.e., A = Control/Normal Diet; B = CFED alone; C = CFED + KBPF 65 mg/kg BW (Body Weight); D = CFED + KBPF 130 mg/kg BW, and then sacrificed after 6 weeks of intervention. Seventy-nine secondary metabolite compounds were successfully identified in KBPF using LC-HRMS. In vitro studies showed the potential activity of KBPF in inhibiting not only ABTS, but also lipid (lipase) and carbohydrate (α-amylase, α-glucosidase) hydrolyzing enzymes to levels similar to acarbose control at 50–250 μg/mL. In the in vivo study, the administration of KBPF (130 mg/kg BW) significantly alleviated metabolic disorders caused by high-fat diet. Specifically, lipid profile (HDL, LDL, TC, TG), blood glucose, markers of oxidative stress (SOD liver), metabolic enzymes (lipase, amylase), and markers of inflammation (PGC-1α, TNF-α, and IL-10) were in most cases restored to normal values. Additionally, the gut microbiota community analysis showed that KBPF has a positive effect (p = 0.01) on both the Bacteroidetes phylum and the Firmicutes phylum. The new KBPF drink is a promising therapeutic functional food for preventing metabolic diseases.

The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing and poses serious health risks accompanied by a decrease in life expectancy and quality of life. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of natural-derived nutraceuticals against obesity and its comorbidities needs to be explored. Molecular inhibition of lipase enzymes and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein has attracted some recent interest in efforts to find antiobesity agents. This study aims to innovate a fermented drink from Clitoria ternatea kombucha (CTK), find out their metabolites profile, and determine the antiobesity potential through a molecular docking study. The CTK formulation refers to previous research while the metabolites profile was determined using HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS. Major compounds were selected based on best match value > 99.0% of the M/Z cloud database. A total of 79 compounds were identified in CTK, and 13 ideal compounds were selected to be simulated in the molecular docking study against human pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, porcine pancreatic lipase, and FTO proteins. The study found that Kaempferol, Quercetin-3β-D-glucoside, Quercetin, Dibenzylamine, and α-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone showed the best potential as functional antiobesity compounds since their affinity value ranked high in each respective receptor. In conclusion, the major compounds of CTK metabolites have the potential to be promising functional foods against obesity. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies should validate these health benefits.

The unhealthy Lifestyle of office employees may affect cardiovascular disease risk and other chronic illnesses. In this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there’s a decrease in physical activity and exercise intensity in-office employees, while increasing psychological stress may reduce physical fitness. One of the solutions to these problems is by implementing tele-counseling and tele-exercise technology. The purpose of this study is to test the effects of tele-exercise and tele-counseling intervention against obese employees’ fitness levels. This study uses a pre-post-test quasi-experimental design on one group without a control group, with subjects consisting of males and females with BMI 25-30 kg/m2. Subjects received tele-exercise intervention for 30 minutes per session, three sessions per week for 12 weeks, while tele-counseling was done by Zoom and WhatsApp every day. Fitness tests include 1-minute push-up and sit-up count, sit-and-reach, and bleep test. Subjects experience significant improvement on all aspects of fitness level (strength, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory fitness), with the most significant improvement being flexibility. This study proves that tele-exercise and nutrition tele-counseling is an effective program to improve obese employees’ wellness. Moreover, this method is a good alternative for substituting direct, face-to-face exercise and nutrition counseling in this pandemic time.

Background and aimsA combined eel and soy-based tempe (CEST) flour is rich in nutrients, especially its high amino acid content in which bioactive peptides (BPs) are expected to be found. Hence, this research aimed to identify the BPs of CEST flour and CEST supplementation’s effect on improving nutritional status biomarkers by ameliorating serum protein, hemoglobin, and IGF-1 of malnourished rats.MethodsCEST flour with a ratio of eel and soy-based tempe of 1:3.5 was produced by applying the oven drying method. Amino acid sequences from six BPs were analyzed using a protein sequencer and spectrometer-electrospray ionization (MS-ESI). A total of thirty malnourished male Rattus norvegicus aged 3–4 weeks were given low-protein (LP; 4% w/w protein) diet treatment for 4 weeks. Afterward, rats were divided into 3 groups of 10 rats. Group A and B remained on a low-protein diet for 4 weeks, receiving an LP diet and getting doses of CEST of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW, respectively, via oral. Group C or control was given a Normal-protein (NP) diet (23% w/w of protein) and was allowed to feed ad libitum during the trial period without a dose of CEST.ResultsSix bioactive peptides were found, with WMGPY being the most abundant, along with a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 5.0 mg/mL. The results showed that serum protein, hemoglobin, and IGF-1 of group B were significantly higher compared to groups A and C (p = 0.0021). CEST dose of 200 mg/kg BW was more effective to increase serum levels of protein (p = 0.0052), hemoglobin, and IGF-1 (p < 0.0001) compared to a 100 mg/kg BW dose.ConclusionThis indicates that the CEST flour has six bioactive peptides, which may contribute to the improvement of nutritional status biomarkers. To establish its potential impact, a human clinical study is urgently needed.

The problem of overnutrition and obesity tend to increase year by. Office employee are susceptible to physical inactivity and obesity. In context of current pandemic, exercising via online media, termed ‘tele-exercise’ may be an effective alternative intervention. However, the effect of compliance and timing of exercise on overall health-related output are still not often discussed. The purpose of the study is to compare the effect of tele-exercise done during working hours vs. after working hours on obese office employee’s weight loss and improvement of body fat percentage, as well as their relation to compliance level. The design of this study is quasi-experimental design, with obese office employee as participants, which then grouped into after work exercise (AW, n = 36, 1-hour duration) and mid-work exercise (DW, n = 21, 30-minute duration). Total sampling was used since the target population were under 100 people. Exercises were done 3 times/week for 12 weeks. Data collected were sample characteristics, bodyweight, and percentage of body fat. Both timing of intervention is effective on reducing body weight significantly (p0.05). The contribution of compliance in shorter exercise/DW on body fat loss and weight loss is 23.1% and 20.9%, respectively; while the contribution of compliance in longer exercise/AW is 11.3% on body weight loss. A short, mid-working exercise have the similar or even better effect than 1-hour after-work exercise session on weight loss and body fat loss. We recommend tele-exercising during working hours for at least 30 minutes to achieve significant body weight and body fat loss.

Background: This study aimed to determine the potential anti-aging effects of sea grapes and tempe (fermented soybeans) collagen particle size, by measuring the activities of anti-glycation, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitors. Methods: Collagen was isolated from freeze-dried sea grapes and tempe powder and treated with different NaOH concentrations (0.10 M; 0.20 M; 0.30 M), and CH3COOH 1 M solution, separately. The collagen particle size was adjusted by stirring at 1000 rpm for 5 and 10 hours. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to measure the antioxidant activity, and L-tyrosine and L-DOPA (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) was used as a marker of tyrosine inhibition. Results: The collagen treated with 0.10 M NaOH produced the highest collagen yield (11.65%), and the largest particle size (2455 nm). Additionally, this collagen, when treated for 5 hours, exhibited 24.70% antioxidant activity, 62.60% anti-glycation, 8.97% L-tyrosine, and 26.77% L-Dopa inhibition activities. Meanwhile, the collagen treated for 10 hours had a 9.98% antioxidant activity, 41.48% anti-glycation, 7.89% L-tyrosine, and 2.67% L-Dopa inhibition activity. Conclusion: Sea grapes and tempe collagen powder treated with 0.10 M NaOH and stirred for 5 hours, possess the best potential anti-aging properties as a functional food.

Obesity is associated with an accelerated aging process, which prevents healthy aging. Both obesity and aging were manifested in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) level. These studies fulfill the scientific gap in assembled pharmacological activity assay of Caulerpa racemosa done in a previous preclinical trial. Six major compounds from sea grape (C. racemosa) extract were evaluated using an in silico approach against human pancreatic lipase, a-glucosidase, and a-amylase to predict prospective anti-obesity candidates. The lipase inhibitory activity of the extract reached 90.30 ± 0.40%, 1.75% lower than orlistat. The a-amylase inhibitory assay of the extract was 84.07 ± 5.28%, while the inhibitory activity against a-glucosidase was 81.67 ± 1.54%; both were lower than acarbose. We observe the effect of C. racemosa extract as anti-obesity with anti-aging by evaluating the obesity parameters in the human body for a 4-week period. There was a significant decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and body weight (p < 0.05); PGC-1α and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased significantly (p = 0.000), in Group B when compared with Group A. Our study revealed that sea grape extract is a potent anti-obesity with an anti-aging reagent that does not produce any significant adverse effects.

The main nutritional problems of teenagers in developing countries are, among others, the less nutrition that is reflected from stunting (Fatmah, 2010). Riskesdas 2013 results show the prevalence of adolescent stunting group age 16-18 years by 31.4% (Balitbangkes, 2013). Stunting is a linear growth disorder caused by multifactors that are likely to interfere with metabolism. Research purposes is to know the prevalence of stunting in the late adolescent, and to analyze the effect of risk factors socioeconomic characteristics, consumption of milk and carbonated beverages, and physical activity of events final teenage stunting. The design of this research is cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in the month December 2014 at the Bogor Agricultural Institute (IPB). The number of sample is 488 students of TPB IPB 2014/2015. Selection of sample is done by purposive sampling, with criterion of student of TPB-IPB age 17-19 years, consume milk regularly at least 1 time per week, healthy (not being sick or have a disease), and are willing to be a research respondent. Data on socio-economic characteristics, frequency of milk consumption, and consumption of carbonated beverages with questionnaires. High anthropometric data body measured directly. The data are then presented in the form of tables and diagrams. Results research shows that the prevalence of adolescent stunting obtained from this research is 16,4%, lower if compared to 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data for adolescents 16-18 years old national (Balitbangkes, 2013). Risk factors that affect the incidence of stunting is education father with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.912; 95% CI (1,119-3,268). Expected risk factor for late teenage stunting can decrease by increasing knowledge of stunting prevention for generations next. It is expected that the risk factor for late teenage stunting may decrease with increasing knowledge of stunting prevention for the next generation.

The Province of East Java has its own characteristics that differentiate it from any other regions. Dissimilarities in characteristics of a region may encompass issues such as social, economic, cultural, parenting, education, and the environment, so as to cause the difference in case of severe under nutrition between one region to another. Sufferers of malnutrition in one region may be linked and influenced by the surrounding regions. Therefore, we need a statistical modeling that is able to take into account the spatial factor. Statistical methods that can be used to analyze the data and also takes into account the spatial factor are the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). This study is aimed to determine the case of malnutrition models in East Java Province using GWR model with kernel adaptive bi-square weighting and comparing it to the conventional regression model. The data used in the study are secondary data obtained from the National Socio-Economic Survey and Basic Health Research (2010) conducted in 38 districts in East Java. Estimation is done by using the Weighted Least Squares method that provides different weighting values to each region. The result showed that there are 38 models of the malnutrition case that is different for each district in East Java. The GWR model with bi-square kernel weighting function is better in modelling the case of malnutrition in East Java compared to the conventional linear regression models that are based on the criteria of goodness that is the R-square, Mean Square Error and the Akaike Information Criterion.

Lowland agricultural fields have unique characteristics that only harvest once a year and planting process begins when the water has began to recede. The type of local rice planted is Pegagan. Pegagan has unique characteristics, such as high trees, paddy longer lifespan, pest resistant, and tougher rice grains. These plants favored local residents because the rice produced relatively hard so filling. Therefore, rice Pegagan be the ultimate local food for local people. When there is a green revolution policy to increase rice productivity, the type of rice Pegagan displaced and replaced by new IR 42 and Ciherang rice seedlings. Family food pattern shifted, including local livelihoods. This article presents an overview of the history of lowland rice farming, the role of women in agriculture and food family. Keywords: History of lowland agriculture, role of women, family FoodPertanian sawah lebak memiliki karakteristik unik dimana hanya panen sekali dalam setahun dan proses penanaman dimulai saat air mulai surut. Jenis padi yang ditanam merupakan padi lokal jenis pegagan dengan karakteristik batang pohon tinggi, umur padi lebih lama, tahan hama, dan bulir padi lebih keras. Tanaman ini disukai penduduk lokal karena beras yang dihasilkan relatif keras sehingga mengenyangkan. Oleh karena itu, padi Pegagan menjadi pangan lokal yang paling utama bagi masyarakat lokal. Ketika ada kebijakan revolusi hijau untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi, maka semakin hari jenis padi Pegagan tergusur digantikan oleh bibit padi baru IR 42, Ciherang dan lainnya. Pola pangan keluarga pun bergeser, termasuk mata pencaharian penduduk lokal. Artikel ini menyajikan gambaran tentang sejarah pertanian padi lebak, peran perempuan dalam pertanian lebak serta pangan keluarga.Kata kunci: sejarah pertanian lebak, peran perempuan, pangan keluarga

Background: This study aimed to determine the potential anti-aging effects of sea grapes and tempe (fermented soybeans) collagen particle size, by measuring the activities of anti-glycation, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitors. Methods: Collagen was isolated from freeze-dried sea grapes and tempe powder and treated with different NaOH concentrations (0.10 M; 0.20 M; 0.30 M), and CH 3COOH 1 M solution, separately. The collagen particle size was adjusted by stirring at 1000 rpm for 5 and 10 hours. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to measure the antioxidant activity, and L-tyrosine and L-DOPA (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) was used as a marker of tyrosine inhibition. Results: The collagen treated with 0.10 M NaOH produced the highest collagen yield (11.65%), and the largest particle size (2455 nm). Additionally, this collagen, when treated for 5 hours, exhibited 24.70% antioxidant activity, 62.60% anti-glycation, 8.97% L-tyrosine, and 26.77% L-Dopa inhibition activities. Meanwhile, the collagen treated for 10 hours had a 9.98% antioxidant activity, 41.48% anti-glycation, 7.89% L-tyrosine, and 2.67% L-Dopa inhibition activity. Conclusion: Sea grapes and tempe collagen powder treated with 0.10 M NaOH and stirred for 5 hours, possess the best potential anti-aging properties as a functional food.

Breast cancer presents a significant global health challenge with rising incidence rates worldwide. Despite current efforts, it remains inadequately controlled. Functional foods, notably tempeh, have emerged as promising candidates for breast cancer prevention and treatment due to bioactive peptides and isoflavones exhibiting potential anticancer properties by serving as antioxidants, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. This study integrates pharmacoinformatics and cellular investigations (i.e., a multifaceted approach) to elucidate the antioxidative and anti-breast cancer properties of tempeh-derived isoflavones. Methodologies encompass metabolomic profiling, in silico analysis, antioxidant assays, and in vitro experiments. Daidzein and genistein exhibited potential therapeutic options for breast cancer treatment and as antioxidant agents. In vitro studies also supported their efficacy against breast cancer and their ability to scavenge radicals, particularly in soy-based tempeh powder (SBT-P) and its isoflavone derivatives. Results have demonstrated a significant downregulation of breast cancer signaling proteins and increased expression of miR-7-5p, a microRNA with tumor-suppressive properties. Notably, the LD50 values of SBT-P and its derivatives on normal breast cell lines indicate their potential safety, with minimal cytotoxic effects on MCF-10A cells compared to control groups. The study underscores the favorable potential of SBT-P as a safe therapeutic option for breast cancer treatment, warranting further clinical exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food security, food sustainability, and malnutrition represent critical global challenges. Th urgency of comprehensive action is evident in the need for research collaboration between the food industry, agriculture, public health, and nutrition. This article highlights the role of philanthropy, of a non-profit organization, in supporting research and development and filling financial gaps. The article also explores the interplay of nutrition, agriculture, and government and policy, positioning philanthropy as a catalyst for transformative change and advocating for collaborative efforts to comprehensively address global food challenges. In addition, the discussion also underscores the ethical complexities surrounding charitable food aid, especially in terms of the dignity and autonomy of its recipients. The paper concludes by proposing future directions and implications, advocating for diversified intervention portfolios and collaborative efforts involving governments, businesses, and local communities. Apart from that, the importance of answering and alleviating ethical dilemmas related to food charity assistance needs to be a concern for future studies related to philanthropy because of the significant challenges faced by the contemporary food system, which include food security, health, and nutritional sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foods that have nutritional value along with additional health advantages are referred to as functional foods. Fruits, vegetables, and spices are rich sources of antioxidants, which can help prevent damage from free radicals and environmental stress. It has been demonstrated that consuming foods high in antioxidants lowers the risk of degenerative diseases such as cancer, emphysema, immunological deficiencies, respiratory disorders, heart disease, and stroke. It also lowers the risk of Parkinson's disease and other inflammatory conditions. Traditional Indonesian fermented soybean-based food products, or soybeans and known as "tempe", have been associated with a host of health benefits, including a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, a lower risk of cancer, improved bone health, and enhanced immunological function. This article investigates tempe's potential as a meal with antioxidant properties and suggests a mechanism via which it can trigger the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response. The study offers insights into the potential applications, development, and potentiation of tempe by synthesizing potential biomolecular pathways for its antioxidant actions at the cellular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human milk is the gold standard for infant nutrition during the first six months of life. According to Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey in 2017, about 45% of mothers in Indonesia provided pre-lacteal feeding within three days postpartum. Low or no milk production and perceived insufficient milk for the infants need were common reasons for pre-lacteal feeding. Galactagogues are believed to help augment human milk production. Therefore, galactagogue consumption is highly recommended, especially natural galactagogue, to help overcome low milk production problem. Most natural galactagogues are used as a local tradition only. Scientific studies regarding the phytochemical compounds and the mechanisms involved are still very limited. This narrative review aimed to describe selected research articles reporting the potency of torbangun, katuk, kelor, and papaya leaves as known plants acting as natural galactagogues in Indonesia. A total of 22 original research articles from Indonesia written in Indonesian or English over a 20 years period were included in this review. Studies were selected if selected natural galactagogues were evaluated at least for the proposed mechanism of action and effects. The data have shown strong evidence about the positive effect of torbangun, katuk, kelor, and papaya leaves as natural galactagogues on increasing human milk production. The five leaves contain different phytoestrogens that have an estrogen effect to stimulate prolactin production and increase milk production. Further studies at the molecular level are needed to identify underlying mechanisms contributing to the effectiveness and safety of the five leaves as natural galactagogues to make it easier to extend into generalizable findings. Individual variability must also be concerned because it may cause different responses to the galactagogues given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Green tea, green coffee, and cinnamon are high in antioxidants and can improve blood lipid profiles. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop functional beverages consisting of green tea, green coffee, and cinnamon for people with hypercholesterolemia. Methods: This study was purely experimental with a completely randomized design. Three formulas of the functional beverages were: F1 (50% : 25% : 25%), F2 (40% : 35% : 25%), and F3 (35% : 40% : 25%). This study used organoleptic tests with 30 semi-trained panelists. The research data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: The results of the hedonic test showed that there were no significant differences in the average color, flavor, aroma, viscosity, or after-taste characteristics (p>0.05). The panelist's most preferred formula was F2, with the highest acceptance for all test characteristics. The results showed that one serving of F2 beverage (100 mL) contained 1.1 g carbohydrates, 3.7 g protein, 0.7 g fat, and 304 mg AEAC/100 g antioxidants. Conclusions: The development of functional beverages consisting of green tea, green coffee, and cinnamon has the potential to be an alternative high-antioxidant beverage for hypercholesterolemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes and obesity are chronic diseases that are a burden to low- and middle-income countries. We conducted this systematic review to understand gene–diet interactions affecting the Southeast Asian population's risk of obesity and diabetes. The literature search was performed on Google Scholar and MEDLINE (PubMed) search engines independently by four reviewers who evaluated the eligibility of articles based on inclusion criteria. Out of 19,031 articles, 20 articles examining gene–diet interactions on obesity and/or diabetes-related traits met the inclusion criteria. Three (Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore) out of eleven Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries have conducted studies on gene–diet interactions on obesity and diabetes. From the 20 selected articles, the most common interactions were observed between macronutrients and genetic risk score (GRS) on metabolic disease-related traits in the Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnicities. Overall, we identified 29 significant gene–diet interactions in the Southeast Asian population. The results of this systematic review demonstrate ethnic-specific gene–nutrient interactions on metabolic-disease-related traits in the Southeast Asian population. This is the first systematic review to explore gene–diet interactions on obesity and diabetes in the Southeast Asian population and further research using larger sample sizes is required for better understanding and framing nutrigenetic approaches for personalized nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of an aqueous extract of Caulerpa racemosa (AEC) on cardiometabolic syndrome markers, and the modulation of the gut microbiome in mice administered a cholesterol- and fat-enriched diet (CFED). Four groups of mice received different treatments: normal diet, CFED, and CFED added with AEC extract at 65 and 130 mg/kg body weight (BW). The effective concentration (EC50) values of AEC for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and lipase inhibition were lower than those of the controls in vitro. In the mice model, the administration of high-dose AEC showed improved lipid and blood glucose profiles and a reduction in endothelial dysfunction markers (PRMT-1 and ADMA). Furthermore, a correlation between specific gut microbiomes and biomarkers associated with cardiometabolic diseases was also observed. In vitro studies highlighted the antioxidant properties of AEC, while in vivo data demonstrated that AEC plays a role in the management of cardiometabolic syndrome via regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial function (PRMT-1/DDAH/ADMA pathway), and gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The complexity of globalization, including the global food trade market, has the side effect that various raw foodstuffs are vulnerable to intentional and unintentional adulteration. However, food validation and standardization approaches are still unclear and challenging and need to be explored. Objective: Through this opinion review article, the author would like to introduce a foodomics approach (Food, -Omics) to facilitate integrated food authenticity verification through biosensors. Method: This approach was based on literature review of potentially suitable and offers methods of Foodomics as they combine biological analysis methods spanning genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Meanwhile, several subdisciplines of Foodomics, such as metallomics, volatomics, and lipidomics, which are considered feasible to facilitate the verification of food authenticity, are also explored and reviewed in this critical opinion. Result: Foodomics consists of four main omics technologies, namely genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This is an integration of promising approaches to provide standardized food matrices, thus becoming the most likely strategy to verify the authenticity of food. However, after trying to uncover this food authentication problem and provide a Foodomics approach, we felt the need for synergies in building a database capable of storing food matrices in the form of unique genes, bioactive peptides, and secondary metabolites. We hope that through this opinion review article, the target database can be formed, although databases such as MEDLINE and PubChem have provided this data facility. Conclusion: In particular, we suggest the development of nanobiosensors that should undoubtedly be environmentally friendly and portable (making use of smartphones) and creating a cloud database capable of storing food matrices in the form of unique genes, bioactive peptides, and secondary metabolites, integrated with smartphone biosensors. Finally, as a result, the researcher tries to answer this database problem so that foodomics integrated with the database can solve the problem of detecting fraud and counterfeiting of foodstuffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Estrogens have been found to reduce amyloid-β (Aβ) levels, a risk factor associated with dementia. We hypothesized that phytoestrogenic soybean products such as tempe and tofu might show similar effects.Objective: The aim of this study were to analyze the effect of tempe and tofu flour on Aβ1-40 serum levels in ovariectomized rats.Methods: This research was conducted on female Sprague Dawley rats, aged 12 months. Before the intervention rats underwent ovariectomy (OVx) and were grouped into 5 intervention groups which were given tempe flour, tofu flour, estradiol, or casein as an active control. There was also a non-OVx control group which was fed a normal diet.Results: The intake of tempe and tofu flour decreased Aβ serum levels in all estrogen and phytoestrogenic treatment groups, offsetting effects of OVx (but not in the casein group, where Aβ levels rise).Conclusion: The tempe flour group showed the strongest decrease in serum Aβ levels compared to the other groups. Future studies should investigate whether tempe can reduce Aβ levels in patients with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the effect of administration of two popular MDs in Indonesia containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain (M-LcS) and four strain bacteria (M-FS) (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacilus paracasei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp, Bulcarigus, and Streptococcus thermophilus). Twenty four Sprague Dawley rats were randomly diveded into one negative control group (A1) and three undernourished group: positive control (A2), M-LcS (A3) and M-FS (A4). Calcium femur levels of M-LcS and M-FS group were significantly higher than the control group (A1). This study concluded that the MDs had a potential effect to improve calcium femur level of the rats' offspring in undernourished pregnant rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pregnancy period determines the nutritional status of newborn babies. Providing additional food is one of the strategies to support the nutritional adequacy of pregnant women. Chicken feet porridge was made by washing and cutting, boiling, and crushing or stewed chicken feet bones. Analysis using Kjeltech and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES) showed that chicken feet porridge contained 10.4% protein, 611.2 mg calcium, 0.85 mg iron, 1.08 mgzinc, and 284.5 mg phosphor in 100 g sample. This product's calcium content is expected to support the fulfilment of pregnant women's calcium needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic is suspected to change the consumption of beverages. This study aimed at analyzing the effects of the two-year COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of beverages among Indonesian women. For this purpose, an online survey was designed and performed via social media in Java. As many as 1773 women participated in this study. The results showed that the two-year COVID-19 pandemic had an effect on increasing the consumption of bottled water, drinking water, isotonic drink, energy drink, milk, juice, coconut water, and herbal drink. Meanwhile, the consumption of tea, coffee, and soft drink decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]