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During the operation of the Superphenix and Phenix reactors, an aberrant electrical signal was detected from the fission chambers used for neutron flux monitoring. This signal, thought to be due to partial electrical discharge (PD) is similar to the signal resulting from neutron interactions, and is generated in fission chambers at temperatures above 400 °C. This paper reports work on the characterization and localization of the source of this electrical signal in a High Temperature Fission Chamber (HTFC). The relation between the shape of the PD signal and various parameters (nature and pressure of the chamber filling gas, electrode gap distance, and fission chamber geometry) are first described. Next, experiments designed to identify the location within the chambers where the PD are being generated are presented. After verification and refinement of the results of these localization studies, it should be possible to propose changes to the fission chamber in order to reduce or eliminate the PD signal.

This is the first projection of marine circulation and biogeochemistry for the Ascension Island Marine Protected Area (AIMPA). Marine Protected Areas are a key management tool used to safeguard biodiversity, but their efficacy is increasingly threatened by climate change. To assess an MPA's vulnerability to climate change and predict biological responses, we must first project how the local marine environment will change. We present the projections of an ensemble from the Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparision Project. Relative to the recent past (2000–2010), the multi‐model means of the mid‐century (2040–2050) project that the AIMPA will become warmer (+0.9 to +1.2°C), more saline (+0.01 to +0.10), with a shallower mixed layer depth (−1.3 to −0.8 m), a weaker Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent (AEU) (−1.5 to −0.4 Sv), more acidic (−0.10 to −0.07), with lower surface nutrient concentrations (−0.023 to −0.0141 mmol N m−3 and −0.013 to −0.009 mmol P m−3), less chlorophyll (−6 to −3 µg m−3) and less primary production (−0.31 to −0.20 mol m−2 yr−1). These changes are often more extreme in the scenarios with higher greenhouse gases emissions and more significant climate change. Using the multi‐model mean for two scenarios in the years 2090–2100, we assessed how five key ecosystem services in both the shallow subtidal and the pelagic zone were likely to be impacted by climate change. Both low and high emission scenarios project significant changes to the AIMPA, and it is likely that the provision of several ecosystem services will be negatively impacted. Plain Language Summary: Ascension Island is a small remote volcanic island in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. The seas around Ascension Island have been protected from commercial fishing since 2019. We used the marine component of computer simulations of the Earth's climate to try to understand the future of the Ascension Island Marine Protected Area (AIMPA). Over the next century, the AIMPA region will become warmer, more saline, more acidic, less productive, and with lower nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations in the surface waters. The most important current of the region, the Atlantic Equatorial Current, is also projected to weaken in all scenarios. These changes are likely to negatively impact the ability of the AIMPA to provide ecosystem services such as healthy ecosystems, fish stocks, the removal of carbon dioxide from the air, and attract tourism. This work is important because it is the first projection of the climate around the AIMPA since it was created, and it has allowed local policymakers to understand how the changing climate is likely to affect their environment and ecosystem services. Key Points: We present the first projection of the future marine circulation and biogeochemistry of the Ascension Island Marine Protected Area (AIMPA)The AIMPA will become warmer, more saline, more acidic, with less surface nutrients, primary production and chlorophyllThe AIMPA's capacity to provide ecosystem services will be significantly negatively impacted under a high emission scenario [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

G Galli,1 B Lenggenhager,2 G Scivoletto,1 AM Giannini,3 M Pazzaglia1,31IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; 2Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 3Dipartimento di Psicologia, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, ItalyBackground: Pain is a marker of bodily status, that despite being aversive under most conditions, may also be perceived as a positive experience. However, how bodily states represent, define, and interpret pain signals, and how these processes might be reflected in common language, remains unclear.Methods: Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to explore the relationship between bodily awareness, pain reactions, and descriptions. A list of pain-related terms was generated from open-ended interviews with persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), and 138 participants (persons with SCI, health professionals, and a healthy control group) rated each descriptor as representative of pain on a gradated scale. A lexical decision task was used to test the strength of the automatic association of the word “pain” with positive and negative concepts. The behavioral results were related to body awareness, experience of pain, and exposure to pain, by comparing the three groups.Results: Higher positive and lower negative pain descriptors, as well as slower response times when categorizing pain as an unpleasant experience were found in the SCI group. The effect was not modulated by either the time since the injury or the present pain intensity, but it was linked to the level of subjective bodily awareness. Compared with the SCI group, health experts and non-experts both associated more quickly the word “pain” and unpleasant in the lexical decision task. However, while health professionals attributed positive linguistic qualities to pain, pain was exclusively associated with negative descriptors in healthy controls group.Conclusions: These findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical and clinical implications. An awareness of bodily signals prominently affects both the sensory and linguistic responses in persons with SCI. Pain should be evaluated more broadly to understand and, by extension, to manage, experiences beyond its adverse side.Keywords: spinal cord injury, chronic pain, lexical pain descriptors, positive representations of pain

Rosaria Di Lorenzo,1 Giulio Cabri,2 Eleonora Carretti,3 Giacomo Galli,4 Nina Giambalvo,4 Giulia Rioli,4 Serena Saraceni,4 Giulia Spiga,4 Cinzia Del Giovane,5 Paola Ferri6 1Mental Health Department, Service of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment in NOCSAE General Hospital, 2Private Accredited Psychiatric Hospital villa Igea, Modena, 3Nursing Home of Rubiera, Reggio Emilia, 4Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 5PhD Statistics Unit, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, 6Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Purpose: To investigate the perception of dignity among patients hospitalized in a psychiatric setting using the Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI), which had been first validated in oncologic field among terminally ill patients. Patients and methods: After having modified two items, we administered the Italian version of PDI to all patients hospitalized in a public psychiatric ward (Service of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment of a northern Italian town), who provided their consent and completed it at discharge, from October 21, 2015 to May 31, 2016. We excluded minors and patients with moderate/severe dementia, with poor knowledge of Italian language, who completed PDI in previous hospitalizations and/or were hospitalized for 1 (Kaiser’s criterion), which explained >80% of total variance with good internal consistency: 1) “Loss of self-identity and social role”, 2) “Anxiety and uncertainty for future” and 3) “Loss of personal autonomy”. The PDI and the three-factor scores were statistically significantly positively correlated with the Hamilton Scales for Depression and Anxiety but not with other scale scores. Conclusion: Our preliminary research suggests that PDI can be a reliable tool to assess patients’ dignity perception in a psychiatric setting, until now little investigated, helping professionals to improve quality of care and patients to accept treatments. Keywords: dignity experience, Patient Dignity Inventory, patients hospitalized in a psychiatric ward, factor analysis, validation study, dignity distress measurement

Bien qu'habituellement d'origine multifactorielle, les maladies auto-immunes peuvent parfois résulter de mutations affectant les protéines régulatrices du système immunitaire. La protéine SOCS1 est un régulateur cytokinique clé, inhibant la voie JAK-STAT pro-inflammatoire. Récemment, l'haploinsuffisance SOCS1 a été identifiée comme un facteur prédisposant autosomique dominant aux maladies auto-immunes de développement précoce, caractérisées par une sensibilité cytokinique accrue des cellules immunitaires (Hadjadj et al. Nat Commun. 2020). L'identification de telles mutations, facilitée par le séquençage de nouvelle génération dans les familles présentant des manifestations auto-immunes précoces, offre un potentiel pour des approches thérapeutiques innovantes ciblant ces mutations. Nous rapportons ici un premier cas de scléromyosite, un syndrome de chevauchement rare englobant la sclérodermie systémique et la myosite auto-immune, associée à une mutation hétérozygote héréditaire du gène SOCS1. Une jeune fille de 12 ans présentait un aspect de scléromyosite associant une polyarthrite inflammatoire avec initialement une raideur des mains puis de toutes ses articulations. Biologiquement, elle présentait des anticorps antinucléaires à un titre de 1/3200 ainsi que la présence d'anticorps anti-PM/Scl100 sans autre anticorps spécifique, associé à une diminution du C4 à 0,1 g/L indiquant une activité de la voie classique du complément avec un C3 et un CH50 normaux. Initialement traitée par corticostéroïdes et méthotrexate, la progression de la maladie a été marquée par le développement d'une sclérose des doigts et des poignets, puis d'une sclérose faciale avec limitation de l'ouverture de la bouche. À cette atteinte cutanée, s'est ajouté un syndrome de Raynaud avec engelures, un reflux gastro-œsophagien, et des nodules de calcinose dans les articulations métacarpophalangiennes et les coudes. L'atteinte musculaire était majoritairement marquée dans la région proximale des membres supérieurs et au niveau des cuisses. La patiente présentait une amyotrophie profonde et une faiblesse musculaire, affectant principalement les muscles proximaux et la région abdominale, sans élévation des taux de créatine phosphokinase (CPK). Une biopsie musculaire a été réalisée mais n'a pas été contributive en raison de l'amyotrophie. L'IRM a montré une atrophie musculaire, notamment le complexe trapèze-deltoïde et les muscles du bras, sans signes d'inflammation. Huit ans plus tard, l'état clinique était stabilisé et la biologie montrait une diminution du titre des auto-anticorps anti-nucléaires, avec des auto-anticorps anti-PM/Scl100 persistant à un faible niveau, associée à une hyperlymphocytose T CD4+. L'analyse génétique, réalisée en raison de l'identification chez la mère d'une entérocolopathie inflammatoire associée à une mutation du gène SOCS1, a révélé que la patiente était également porteuse d'un variant pathogène hétérozygote dans le gène SOCS1, responsable d'un décalage du cadre de lecture et de la création d'un codon stop prématuré provoquant une perte de fonction et entraînant donc une haploinsuffisance de SOCS1. Nous rapportons ici le premier cas décrit de scléromyosite associée à une haploinsuffisance de SOCS1, un régulateur de la voie JAK-STAT. Des mutations avec perte de fonction du gène SOCS1 ont été rapportées dans plusieurs familles présentant une transmission autosomique dominante et des maladies auto-immunes. L'identification d'une telle mutation ouvre la voie à la mise en place de traitement par inhibiteur de JAK tel que le Ruxolitinib ou le Baricitinib en cas de poussée évolutive de la maladie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]