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Amac: Okul oncesi egitimin zorunlu egitim kapsamina alinmasi gundemi, beraberinde okul sagligi calisma kapsaminin genisletilerek planlanmasi ve uygulanmasi ihtiyacini dogurmustur. Okul oncesi egitim grubunda yer alan cocuklar, saglik riskleri bakimindan hassas gruplar arasinda olup ayni zamanda bu donem gelisimsel ozellikler nedeni ile egitim ortamlarinda cesitli kazalara maruz kalabilmektedir. Ilgili risklerin en aza indirilmesi amaciyla gerceklestirilen bu calisma, okul oncesi ogretmenlerinin saglik okuryazarligini arttirmaya yonelik katki sunmayi hedeflemektedir. Hastalar ve Yontem: Alanin uzmanlari ile belirlenen cercevede okul oncesi cocuk sagligina yonelik temel bilgiler ile acil durumlarin tespit edilmesi ve mudahalelerini iceren egitim programi olusturularak, 2016 yilinda dort grup ve her grup icin iki tam gunde egitimler tamamlanmistir. Edirne Merkez Ilcede gorev yapan toplam 106 okul oncesi ogretmene uygulanmak uzere hazirlanan egitim programina, 83 okul oncesi ogretmeni katilmistir. Calismanin verileri arastirmacilar ve egitim programinda gorev alan dokuz ayri alan uzmani tarafindan olusturulan akademik basari testi ve kisisel bilgi formu araciligi ile elde edilmistir. Soz konusu veri araclarini tam olarak dolduran ve ontest-sontest eslestirmesi yapilabilen 59 katilimcinin verileri calismaya dahil edilmistir. Bulgular: Arastirmada ogretmenlerin akademik basarilarinin verilen egitim sonunda arttigi (t(58)=17,27, p0,05) ve medeni durumlari (t(58)=0,61, p>0,05) ile son test puan ortalamalari arasinda anlamli bir fark olmadigi ortaya cikmistir. Sonuc: Okul oncesi ogretmenlerine verilen egitim ile ogretmenlerin cocuk sagligina yonelik bilgi duzeylerinin artigi belirlenmistir. Katilimcilarin saglik okuryazarligini da destekleyecegi dusunulen calisma ile egitim verdikleri cocuklarin, sagliklarini da korumak, gelistirmek ve gerekli oldugunda mudahale etmek durumunda kalan ogretmenlerin, bu cercevedeki surecleri iyi yonetmelerine destek olunacagi dusunulmektedir. Bu alanda basariya ulasilabilmesi icin uygulama kapsaminin genisletilerek yayginlastirilmasi, guncellenerek surekliligin saglanmasi gerekmektedir.

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the association between violence related behaviors and self-reported health among university students. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which included a representative sample of all students of Trakya University. The sample of 1620 students enrolled at Trakya University was stratified according to sex and actual student number of faculties and colleges and selected by systematic sampling. In addition to descriptive statistics, Chi Square analysis and Logistic Regression analysis were used for statistical evaluation. Results: 6.3% of the respondents reported that they were exposed to violence, 33.5% of them stated they were involved in a physical fight during the past 12 months, 4.9% of them stated they did not go to school at least one day during the past 30 days because they felt unsafe and 4.4% of the students reported they had attempted suicide during the past 12 months. The analyses have shown that violence related behaviors were significantly associated with poor health after controlling the potential confounders. Conclusion: There is a need for more prospective studies for exploring the effects of violence related behaviors to health. Interventions targeting youths who engage in violence should consider that violence related behaviors may be markers for poor health. Turkish Başlık: Trakya Üniversitesi Öğrencilerinde Şiddet Davranışları ve Algılanan Sağlık İlişkisi Anahtar Kelimeler: Şiddet, algılanan sağlık, üniversite öğrencileri Amaç: Bu çalışmada, üniversite öğrencilerinde şiddetle ilişkili davranışların, algılanan sağlık ile ilişkisi ve bu ilişkinin cinsiyete göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma Trakya Üniversitesi'nin tüm öğrencilerini temsil eden bir örneklemi kapsayan, kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Tüm okullardan araştırma kapsamına alınan 1 620 öğrenci fakülte ve yüksekokulların mevcut öğrenci sayılarına ve cinsiyete göre ağırlıklandırılarak, sistematik örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yapılandırılmış anketler, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden öğrencilere, bir ders saati süresince gözlem altında uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel değerlendirme için tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanı sıra Ki-Kare analizi ve lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %6.3'ü son 12 ayda şiddete maruz kaldığını, %33.5'i son 12 ayda bir kavgada bulunduğunu, %7.2'si son 12 ayda yaralanmalı bir kavgada bulunduğunu, %4.9'u son 30 gün içinde kendini güvende hissetmediği için en az bir gün okula gitmediğini, %4.4'ü son 12 ay içinde en az bir kez intihar girişiminde bulunduğunu bildirmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada yapılan analizler şiddetle ilişkili davranışların, potansiyel karıştırıcı faktörler kontrol edildiğinde dahi, sağlığın kötü algılanması ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç: Şiddet ile ilişkili olan davranışların sağlığa etkisini belirlemek ve daha ayrıntılı inceleyebilmek için prospektif çalışmalar yapılmasına gereksinim vardır. Şiddetle ilgili gençleri kapsayan müdahaleler planlanırken, şiddet davranışlarının sağlıksızlığın belirtileri olduğu akıldan çıkarılmamalıdır., Amaç: Bu çalışmada, üniversite öğrencilerinde şiddetle ilişkili davranışların, algılanan sağlık ile ilişkisi ve bu ilişkinin cinsiyete göre farklılaşıp farklı- laşmadığının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma Trakya Üniversitesi’nin tüm öğrencilerini temsil eden bir örneklemi kapsayan, kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Tüm okullardan araştırma kapsamına alınan 1 620 öğrenci fakülte ve yüksekokulların mevcut öğrenci sayılarına ve cinsiyete göre ağırlıklandırılarak, sistematik örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yapılandırılmış anketler, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden öğrencilere, bir ders saati süresince gözlem altında uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel değerlendirme için tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanı sıra Ki-Kare analizi ve lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %6.3’ü son 12 ayda şiddete maruz kaldığını, %33.5’i son 12 ayda bir kavgada bulunduğunu, %7.2’si son 12 ayda yaralanmalı bir kavgada bulunduğunu, %4.9’u son 30 gün içinde kendini güvende hissetmediği için en az bir gün okula gitmediğini, %4.4’ü son 12 ay içinde en az bir kez intihar girişiminde bulunduğunu bildirmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada yapılan analizler şiddetle ilişkili davranışların, potansiyel karıştı- rıcı faktörler kontrol edildiğinde dahi, sağlığın kötü algılanması ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç: Şiddet ile ilişkili olan davranışların sağlığa etkisini belirlemek ve daha ayrıntılı inceleyebilmek için prospektif çalışmalar yapılmasına gereksinim vardır. Şiddetle ilgili gençleri kapsayan müdahaleler planlanırken, şiddet davranışlarının sağlıksızlığın belirtileri olduğu akıldan çıkarılmamalıdır.

AIM: This study was conducted for determining the eating habits and food knowledge and rate of recognizing brand logos currently featured in promotional campaigns of the food industry of the school children. And to explore the relationship between the ability of recognizing brand logos currently featured in promotional campaigns of the food industry and eating habits, food knowledge and preferences. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 primary schools in the provincial center of Edirne. The questionnaire form was composed of three parts. In the first part; the socio-demographic characteristics and nutritional habits, in the second part; food knowledge and preferences of the students and in the third part; ability to recognize brand logos were questioned. RESULTS: 1018 students were participated in the study. The results of the study confirmed the findings of previous studies that the diet of children aged 9-11 was poor. The majority of the children reported eating unhealthy foods such cips, crisps and fast-food and drinking fizzy drinks at least once a day. Children knew healthy foods (med:8) but did not prefer healthy foods (med:5). 84.9 % of the students recognized more than the half of the brand logos. A correlation was found between higher brand logo recognition and poorer eating behaviors and food knowledge. CONCLUSION: Nonetheless this study did not presented strong evidence to suggest a casual link between food advertising and poor diet; it indicated that food promotion may have an influence on children. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2009; 8(6.000): 459-464]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices among food service staff with regards to food hygiene in hospitals in Edirne, Turkey, and to provide baseline data for implementing HACCP in hospital food services by carrying out a questionnaire by a face-to-face interview. The current study shows that food service staff in Edirne hospitals have insufficient knowledge regarding the basics of food hygiene. And also revealed a discrepancy between attitudes and practices towards food hygiene. There is an immediate need for continuous training among food handlers regarding safe food handling practices.

The coagulation system is activated and coagulation activation markers are elevated in acute ischemic stroke with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The etiology, severity, and prognosis of the ischemic stroke might be estimated with the level of the activation of the coagulation system. In this study, prothrombin F1+2 (F1+2), D-dimer, and fibrinogen levels were measured in patients with acute ischemic stroke with and without NVAF, and stroke severity was compared with these hemostatic parameters. Of 55 patients, 29 had sinus rhythm (group I), 26 had NVAF (group II); 20 healthy subjects (group III) were included in the study. Subtypes of cerebral infarction were classified. The patients underwent stroke severity, electrocardiography, echocardiography, cranial computed tomography, cervical duplex ultrasonography, and hemostatic parameter studies. In group II, F1+2 level (2.83±0.89) was significantly higher than in group I (2.33±0.80) and III (1.94±0.64) (p values: group I-II, 0.036; groups II-III, 0.001; groups I-III, 0.104). In group III, fibrinogen level (251.64±60.96) was significantly lower than that in groups I (347.97±111.49) and II (364.04±86.20) (p=0.001). D-dimer was not significantly different between groups. In group I, lacunar syndrome (LACS), and in group II, partial and total anterior circulation syndrome (PACS+TACS) were more common (p=0.013, p=0.001, respectively). In group II, Scandinavian Stroke Scale scores were lower than those in group I (group I=45.2±14, group II=35.4±18.9, p=0.02). In conclusion, activation of coagulation, demonstrated by increment F1+2, is more abundant in the stroke patients with NVAF than in the stroke patients with sinus rhythm. Our results also showed that activation of the hemostatic system might be related to stroke subtype and stroke severity. It is suggested that the oral anticoagulation treatment as prophylaxis is important in the prevention of stroke in patients with NVAF.

Background: It is known that oxygen-derived free radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of brain injury. Melatonin is a powerful scavenger of the oxygen free radicals. In this study, the protective effect of melatonin against the damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species during brain hypoxia was investigated in newborn rats using biochemical parameters. Methods: For biochemical analyses, the levels of lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde ([MDA]), levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were estimated. Results: After the third day of brain hypoxia, the brain levels of MDA increased. Pretreatment of animals with melatonin abolished the rise in MDA induced by hypoxia. GSH concentration did not increase by pretreatment with melatonin. Additonally, the activities of two antioxidative enzymes (SOD and CAT) decreased after the experimental period with melatonin only preventing the change of CAT. The activity of SOD was not influenced by melatonin administration as expected. Conclusion: In this experimental study, exogenously administered melatonin effectively protected against brain injury by oxidative stress. This protective effect of melatonin may be due to its direct scavenger activity and activation of CAT. Thus, melatonin may potentially be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions that may involve free radical production, such as perinatal hypoxia.

Objectives.—The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence of migraine in Provincial Center of Edirne. Methods.—A systematic random sample of 386 inhabitants over 14 years old were interviewed face to face. Diagnosis of migraine was based on the International Headache Society (IHS) classification. Results.—Migraine was identified in 77 subjects (60 female, 17 male). The lifetime prevalence of migraine was found to be 19.9% (95% CI: 18.3–21.5) (9.34% (95% CI: 8.6–10) in males, 29.3% (95% CI: 27–31.6) in females). Conclusions.—These results show that while migraine prevalence in Turkish females is higher than that reported in previous studies from Europe and United States, lifetime prevalence is similar in all populations.

Background: The presence of increased numbers of nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) and increased levels of erythropoietin (EPO) in the circulation of neonates has been associated with states of relative hypoxia. The aim of this study is to assess the pattern of NRBC counts and EPO levels in a group of high-risk neonates under stress conditions and determine the short-term outcome for these babies by using these parameters. Methods: There were 69 high-risk neonates; 14 intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR), 25 preterm infants, 18 term infants with asphyxia and 12 infants of diabetic mothers. Control groups included healthy, term infants delivered either vaginally (n = 18) or with cesarean section (n = 19). Three blood samples were obtained from each infant within 12 h (initial), 3 days and 7 days after birth to measure NRBC counts and EPO levels. Neonatal and short-term outcomes at 3 and 6 months of age were determined. Results: There was no significant difference among the groups with regard to the initial serum EPO concentrations. The initial NRBC counts were significantly lower in the control groups compared with the study groups (P = 0.002). While there was no significant difference between patients with good and poor outcome in terms of EPO concentrations of initial samples, a significant difference existed in terms of NRBC counts (P = 0.038). Conclusions: Both serum EPO level and NRBC count provide limited clinical benefit in the detection of pathological conditions of the neonatal period, but NRBC count determination seems to be especially helpful in predicting short-term neurodevelopmental outcome.

Studies evaluating the role of indoor molds in the development of allergic or respiratory symptoms in schools are few in childhood.This study aimed to investigate relation between indoor molds and allergic diseases or respiratory symptoms in primary school's children in Edirne, Turkey.Ten public primary schools were included into the study. A thorough assessment, using a questionnaire and inspection surveys was carried out. The concentration of culturable mold was assessed in the dust samples in the schools. Indoor temperature and humidity were measured. A total of 1374 students who completed valid questionnaires were included in the study, and dust-samples were collected from the schools.Cumulative and current prevalence rates of wheezing, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were found as 31.4%, 9.3%, 16.2%, 6.0% and 13.4%, 11.9%, 15.1%, 2.1%, respectively. The most frequent mold-species detected in indoor dusts were Cladosporium, Penicillium, Alternaria and Aspergillus. Although the prevalence rates of allergic diseases and respiratory symptoms were high, indoor mold amounts were low in the schools in our region and no significant correlation was determined between indoor mold amount and the prevalence of these diseases in schools or classrooms.Even though allergic molds are present in schools, the mold-exposure may not be an important predisposing factor for development of allergic and respiratory diseases the schools in our region.

The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ composed of stable cells. It is well known that regenerative capacity of the thyroid tissue is minimal. Various degrees of morphologic alterations do occur in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT), including Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Eighty-five CLT cases were analyzed for these morphologic alterations. Small, irregular, atrophic or hyperplastic thyroid follicles were seen adjacent to the lymphocytic infiltration. There was nuclear enlargement, loss of nuclear polarity in thyrocytes and intrafollicular thyrocyte proliferation in these follicles. We thought that the morphologic alterations in involved follicles could be due to regenerative hyperplasia with increased proliferative activity and basement membrane abnormalities. To examine this hypothesis we investigated Ki-67 and laminin immunoreactivity in the involved follicles adjacent to lymphocytic infiltration areas. The uninvolved follicles were used as controls. Immunopositivity of Ki-67 in involved follicles was significantly higher than that in uninvolved follicles (2.97% +/- 2.16 versus 0.83% +/- 1.63, P0.001). Laminin immunostaining indicated the destruction or irregular distribution of basement membrane in involved follicles. We conclude that the increased cell proliferation activity and basement membrane abnormalities in the follicles with morphologic changes adjacent to CLT occur in conjunction with regenerative hyperplasia.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is the simplest way to measure obesity; therefore, it is chosen by many authorities as a screening method for adolescent obesity. Body mass index is positively correlated with the complications of childhood and adolescent obesity, such as hypercholesterolemia, insulin resistance, hyper­tension and long-term development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to produce percentile curves for bodyweight, height and BMI in a representative sample of adolescent girls living in urban and rural areas of Edirne, Turkey, and to compare these percentile curves with curves from other countries. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study, including a representative sample of 1687 adolescent girls from rural and urban areas of Edirne, who were evaluated between May and July 2001. Bodyweight and height were measured using standard procedures. Body mass index (kg/m2) was calculated as the ratio of bodyweight to body height squared. Smoothed percentiles for these variables were calculated using polynominal regression models. Crude weight, height and BMI percentile values, as well as smoothed percentile curves are presented. Results: Body mass index, weight and height reference curves for adolescent girls were produced. When we compared the BMI values of subjects in the present study with those of other countries, 85th and 95th percentiles of BMI in the present study were found to be generally lower than those for other ethnicities. Conclusion: Our findings show ethnic differences in BMI among adolescent girls. It will be usefull for each country to produce its own BMI percentiles.

Purpose Efforts for the early detection of bone loss and subsequent fracture risk by quantitative ultrasound (QUS), which is a non-invasive, radiation free, and cheaper method, seem rational to reduce the management costs. We aimed in this study to assess the probable correlation of speed of sound (SOS) values obtained by QUS with bone mineral density (BMD) as measured by the gold standard method, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and to investigate the diagnostic value of QUS to define low BMD. Materials and Methods One hundred twenty-two postmenopausal women having prior standard DEXA measurements were included in the study. Spine and proximal femur (neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle) BMD were assessed in a standard protocol by DEXA. The middle point of the right tibia was chosen for SOS measurement by tibial QUS. Results The SOS values were observed to be significantly higher in the normal BMD (t score > - 1) group at all measurement sites except for the lumbar region, when compared with the low BMD group (t score < - 1). SOS was negatively correlated with age (r = - 0.66) and month since menopause (r = - 0.57). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for QUS t score to diagnose low BMD did not seem to be satisfactory at either of the measurement sites. Conclusion Tibial SOS was correlated weakly with BMD values of femur and lumbar spine as measured by DEXA and its diagnostic value did not seem to be high for discriminating between normal and low BMD, at these sites.