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Archaeological research conducted at St. Michael’s Roman-Catholic Cathedral from Alba Iulia in the spring of 2011 revealed vestiges belonging to the Roman period, Middle Ages and Modern period. The research has been conducted within the project of restoration of the St. Michael’s Cathedral and of the Vauban Fortress of Alba Iulia. This study presents three stone pieces from the Roman times, re-used in constructions dating to the Medieval period and the beginning of the modern period. The first analyzed piece represents a funerary Roman inscription discovered in the ruins of a building dated to the 14th century. The text of the inscription refers to Marcus Granius Stabilianus, buried with two of his children (Marcus Granius Stabilianus and Grania Sabina). Based on the funerary inscription, the monument can be date between the first half of the 2nd century and the beginning of the 3rd century AD. The second piece represents the medallion of a funerary stele preserved in fragmentary state. The stele was discovered at the base of a lime kiln, generally dated in fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The medallion represents the deceased (male character) and his family. The last analyzed piece is a fragment of a Roman sarcophagus cover found in the foundation of the eastern pillar of the entrance into the Episcopal Palace’s courtyard. Every piece discussed in the present article was made of whiteyellow limestone.

Giovanni Gabutti,1 Niccolò Bolognesi,2 Federica Sandri,2 Caterina Florescu,2 Armando Stefanati11Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; 2Postgraduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyAbstract: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is the etiological agent of varicella, a highly infectious, self-limiting disease with serious complications. The decline in cell-mediated immunity (CMI) that occurs with aging or immunodepression causes a reactivation of the latent VZV as herpes zoster (HZ). Prevention of VZV through varicella vaccination strategies allows to avoid the primary infection in newborns and susceptible subjects. Available monovalent and combined VZV vaccines are effective, safe and generally well tolerated. Universal varicella vaccination has significantly impacted on incidence, complications and deaths related to this disease. Prevention of HZ through vaccination is a priority to avoid the significant burden of its incidence and complications. Currently two HZ vaccines are available. The recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV), approved by the FDA in 2017 and Zoster Vaccine Live (ZVL) licensed in the United States by the FDA in 2006. The advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP) preferentially recommends RZV. ZVL remains an option for prevention of HZ in immunocompetent adults aged ≥60 years, although the CMI tends to wane a few years after vaccination.Keywords: epidemiology, varicella vaccine, recombinant zoster vaccine, Zoster Vaccine Live, vaccination strategies

In several litigations at the European level, either before the Court of Justice of the European Union or the European Court of Human Rights, the issue of the LGBT persons' fundamental rights was raised. Romania was targeted by several recent cases such as "Coman" or "Buhuceanu". Our paper analyzes the particularities of these cases, their effects in the legal order and the challenges of a legislative, administrative and judicial system that is constantly adapting to guarantee fundamental rights in a non-discriminatory manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian Constitution regulates a derogatory procedure from the usual legislative procedure. This procedure involves the assumption of responsibility of the Government before the Parliament for a draft law. Our work addresses the characteristics of this procedure, but also its challenges, in the political and legal dialogue between the Government and the Parliament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration, at national level, of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights may open the subject of a dispute in relation to a contrary jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, regarding the protection of human rights. This paper integrates the possible disputes and proposes ways of solving them, as well as proposals for improving the dialogue of European states regarding the jurisdictional protection of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Constitutional control in Romania implies the obligation of the courts to apply the decisions of the Constitutional Court and may involve the disciplinary sanctioning of judges for non-compliance with these decisions. Some judges considered that this mechanism may affect their independence, especially if the EU law may come into conflict with the decisions of the Constitutional Court. Our paper highlights that a proper understanding of the constitutional control underlines the essential role of the Constitutional Court for the protection of the democratic state and of the values of the European Union through its dialogue with the CJEU and with the national courts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Constitutional Court of Romania carries out the control of the constitutionality of the laws and ordinances of the government and pronounces decisions that have a binding effect erga omnes. Within the constitutionality control, a special position is occupied by the EU law. In our paper we will focus on the interferences that may arise between the national norm, the EU law and the national Constitution, from the perspective of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and the principle of priority of the EU law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Constitutional Court may be notified by the judiciary courts for the settlement of exceptions of unconstitutionality of a law or ordinance or of a provision of a law or ordinance in force, which is related to the settlement of the case. The courts have a filtering role regarding the admissibility of the referral to the Constitutional Court. If the court decides that the referral to the Constitutional Court is inadmissible, the act is subject to a specific appeal, with its own configuration, drawn up in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and of the judiciary courts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A decision on interpretation issued in 2020 by the High Court of Cassation and Justice established that legal persons under private law cannot directly invoke in administrative court the infringement of a public interest, as they would replace the prosecutor, whose mission is to protect the general interests of the society and to defend the rights and freedoms of the citizens. The political parties are persons under public law. Can a political party act against an authority (most often a political opponent) in order to protect the general interests and to defend the rule of law, as well as the rights and freedoms of the citizens? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exception of illegality is a procedural means of verifying the legality of an administrative act. The settlement of the plea of illegality is subject to procedural conditions of admissibility. One of the conditions is that an exception be invoked before the court that settles the substance of the dispute. A decision on interpretation was issued by the High Court of Cassation and Justice, considering that the exception can be invoked in the appeal. We consider that, even after the interpretative decision of the High Court of Cassation and Justice, elements of non-unitary judicial practice may arise in particular as regards the conditions under which the exception may be considered on the merits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to constitutional justice by way of the exception of unconstitutionality is subject to conditions, provided by law and developed in the practice of the Romanian courts of justice and of the Constitutional Court. An exception of unconstitutionality implies a procedural mechanism that must meet the conditions of predictability and clarity, in order to ensure legal certainty and effective access to constitutional litigation. We intend this paper to be a useful tool for litigants and for the courts when they refer to the Constitutional Court with exceptions of unconstitutionality, in terms of a clear delimitation of the powers of the courts of justice and the Constitutional Court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: Anemia is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in an array of disorders common to seniors including cancer, renal disease, and heart disease. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of RBC abnormalities and the utility of laboratory tests for the detection of anemia and its cause in the hospitalized elderly. Methods: A prospective analysis was performed on 140 consecutive adults over 65 who had chronic diseases (mean age 72, range 65DS80). Laboratory tests included hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), red cell indices, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cellular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), reticulocyte count (RET), serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and index saturation transferrin (IST). Results: Only a minority of patients, 33 (23.58%), had normal results for all hematological tests. An additional 16 patients (11.4%) had normal HGB and HCT but low MCV or MCH. Conclusion: Anemia is common in older, chronically ill adults. Routine anemia screening should be recommended in hospitalized chronically ill adults over 65 years of age, and the World Health Organization (WHO) must redefine anemia by these common parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectif de l’étude Estimer les déviations du protocole d’irradiation stéréotaxique de l’essai de phase II du groupe d’oncologie radiothérapie tête et cou (Gortec) 2004–2014. Matériel et méthodes En raison de l’hypofractionnement, de la diversité et de l’implémentation récente de la radiothérapie stérotaxique extracrânienne en France, un cas clinique test a été soumis aux centres, comme pré-requis aux inclusions. Le cas consistait en deux métastases (de 1,5 et 0,8 cm) du lobe supérieur gauche, distantes de 1 cm, à 2 cm des structures médiastinales. Le protocole fournissait des recommandations de dose en trois ou cinq fractions selon le diamètre tumoral, le caractère central des métastases (à 2 cm du médiastin) et la distance aux organes à risques critique. Les fichiers digital imaging communication in medicine (DICOMRT) étaient échangés via la plateforme sécurisée du Gortec. Résultats Parmi 20 centres avec six types d’équipement re radiothérapie stérotaxiques, trois ont implémenté la radiothérapie extracrânienne avant 2010. Quatorze centres ont prescrit le tratement en cinq fractions, considérant une lésion centrale. Une scanographier quadridimensionnelle a été utilisée dans 15 centres. Quatre à 201 faisceaux (non coplanaires, huit cas) ou un demi à trois arcs étaient utilisés. Un algorithme de type B était utilisé dans huit cas et la dose adaptée dans un. L’isodose de prescription médiane était la 80 %. La marge médiane entre le volume tumoral macroscopique (GTV) et le volume ccible antomoclinique (CTV) était 0 et entre le CTV et le volume cible prévisionnel (PTV) de 3 mm. Le diamètre maximal du PTV était de40 mm. Le guidage par l’image était tridimensionnel dans 12 cas. Les contraintes aux organes à risque étaient respectées. Les indices de conformalité et homogénéité étaient de 1,22 et 1,23 (sous-utilisés) ; le R50 (rapport volume de l’isodose 50 %/volume cible prévisionnel) et la dose maximale à 2 cm du PTV médians étaient repectivement de 6,6 et 25,5 Gy. Une déviation majeure (délinéation du GTV, marges CTV-PTV, prescription) et des déviations mineures ont été notées dans respectivement cinq et sept centres respectivement. Une autorisation d’inclusion a été accordée après correction et réserve dans deux cas. Conclusion Une procédure d’assurance qualité (AQ) réalisée a priori sur cas test devrait limiter l’hétérogénéité de pratiques et favoriser un meilleur respect du protocole. Une AQ systématique sera réalisé a posteriori sur critères jugés sensibles pour les cas réels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]