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China and the United States have the highest demand for fossil fuel energy for transportation and power generation, which promotes growth while also damaging the environment. Policymakers, and environmental scientists, are increasingly interested in understanding key strategies to improve energy efficiency to mitigate fossil fuel energy demand and sustain the environment and growth. In this context, this study uses augmented mean groups (AMG) and common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) estimators to reveal the impact of China-US technological innovation, transportation infrastructure, and power generation on fossil fuel energy demand and fossil fuel energy intensity from 1995 to 2020. Besides, the study examines whether fossil fuel energy use and fossil fuel energy intensity are the main drivers of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) and economic growth. The analysis results show that technological innovation has a strong adverse influence on fossil fuel energy use, and fossil fuel energy intensity. Electricity generation, road transport infrastructure investment and aviation infrastructure investment have considerably contributed to fossil fuel energy use, and fossil fuel energy intensity. The construction of rail transit infrastructure has significantly alleviated fossil fuel energy demand, and fossil fuel energy intensity. Fossil fuel energy use and fossil fuel energy intensity significantly contribute to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and economic growth. However, technological innovation and renewable energy use can substantially reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, while making a considerable contribution to economic growth. Based on empirical investigation, this study provides a series of useful insights into the sustainable development goals of the Chinese and American economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management of carbon emissions of regional electricity generation involves resolving much nuanced relationships. However, current studies pertaining to the relationship between energy and the economy utilize only quarterly and annual data and focus on the long-run relationship but are oblivious to temporal associations. This study takes the context of the State of Texas and utilizes per 15 min of data between 2007 and 2020 to derive the monthly time series of life-cycle emissions, emissions factor, and energy generation. The study also divides each day into three portions (0:00–8:00, 8:00–16:00, and 16:00–24:00) in order to descend precision down to the hourly level. Impulse-response analysis indicates that (1) employment conditions impact emissions by affecting the amount of electric energy generated, while demographic (population as reflected by property price) tends to impact emissions by affecting the carbon intensity of electricity, and (2) the emissions produced during 0:00–8:00 display different reaction to fluctuation of regional economic conditions compared to emissions produced during other periods, the effect emanates from either energy generation fluctuation or emissions factor shocks. The broader implication of the findings lies in an emphasis on time-interval-specific analysis and concurrent consideration of both energy generation and emissions factors that can lead to optimized policy implementation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a great desire of advanced designed materials for electricity generation, storage, and utilization with boosted activity, multifunctionality, compatibility, stability, and durability. Organic ionic materials (OIMs) with superior conductivity, modifiability, and thermal/cold tolerance have great potential in meeting the demand. Ionic liquids, ionic polymers, polyelectrolytes, and new‐emerging composite materials like ionic gels, ionic woods, and metallated covalent organic frameworks have been boomingly developed in recent years, with elaborated design of which, enhanced performance of burgeoning energy materials such as higher electrical output, larger energy capacity, wider tolerance of temperature and/or humidity, and longer durability have been promoted. Despite a few reviews that have generalized the applications of single‐type OIMs in a certain field, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews focusing on advanced design of OIMs for boosting electricity generation, storage, and utilization. Herein, the new development of OIMs is timely and systematically reviewed focusing on electricity generation (generators), storage (batteries and supercapacitors), and utilization (sensors and actuators). Synthesis and modification strategies are summarized for material design, after which, fundamentals and mechanisms are illustrated as theoretical support. Then, advanced designs of OIMs are elaborated by taking electricity generation, storage, and utilization processes into consideration, followed by putting forward perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of flare gas recovery technologies at the GL1Z LNG plant (SONATRACH Industry-Algeria), focusing on electricity generation, LPG production, and Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) conversion. Using real-world data and simulations conducted with Aspen HYSYS v12 based on steady-state conditions, we assessed the technical feasibility and economic viability of each method. Our findings reveal that electricity generation is economically viable but offers limited CO2 reduction benefits. LPG production provides a balanced economic solution. GTL conversion, despite higher initial costs, significantly enhances economic returns and reduces flaring by converting flare gas into high-value liquid hydrocarbons. This study introduces a simulation model, substantiated by the recent literature providing a robust framework for optimizing flare gas recovery. This study highlights the importance of evaluating and comparing tailored solutions to achieve sustainable and efficient flare gas utilization, offering valuable insights for future industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy can be harnessed and converted into heat via the photothermal effect, which can then be utilized to drive many other reactions to produce important resources, such as water, fuel, electricity, and even mechanical actuation in a clean and sustainable manner. Hydrogels and membranes coupled with photothermal materials are particularly suitable for this purpose because they possess advantageous properties, such as porosity and adaptability. These properties allow for the introduction of diverse additives and functionalities, ensuring that photothermal systems can be customized for specific tasks, thereby enhancing their overall performance, functionality and versatility. This review aims to provide an overview of recent developments and the significance of employing photothermal hydrogels and membranes in multiple fields ranging from clean water, fuel production, electricity generation to mechanical actuation, followed by a discussion on key considerations in materials design and engineering. Finally, the review addresses the challenges and future directions of photothermal applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) and para-chlorophenol (4-CP) are prevalent industrial wastewater contaminants that are recalcitrant to natural degradation and prone to migration in aquatic systems, thereby harming biological health and destabilizing ecosystems. Consequently, their removal is imperative. Compared to conventional chemical treatment methods, CW-MFC technology offers broader application potential. Leersia hexandra Swartz can enhance Cr (VI) and 4-CP absorption, thereby improving wastewater purification and electricity generation in CW-MFC systems. In this study, three CW-MFC reactors were designed with L. hexandra Swartz in distinct configurations, namely, stacked, multistage, and modular, to optimize the removal of Cr (VI) and 4-CP. By evaluating wastewater purification, electrochemical performance, and plant growth, the optimal influent hydraulic retention time (HRT) was determined. The results indicated that the modular configuration at an HRT of 5 days achieved superior removal rates and power generation. The modular configuration also supported the best growth of L. hexandra, with optimal photosynthetic parameters, and physiological and biochemical responses. These results underscore the potential of modular CW-MFC technology for effective detoxification of complex wastewater mixtures while concurrently generating electricity. Further research could significantly advance wastewater treatment and sustainable energy production, addressing water pollution, restoring aquatic ecosystems, and mitigating the hazards posed by Cr (VI) and 4-CP to water and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems concerning the insufficient level of associated petroleum gas (APG) processing are discussed. Various models are proposed for the chemical utilization of APG, including the production of synthesis gas, methanol, dimethyl ether, ammonia, as well as the processes of aromatization of hydrocarbons, etc. The possibility of using APG as a fuel for generating electricity is discussed. Attention is paid to the processes of APG purification from sulfur impurities. Difficulties and solutions to the problems of the energy sector of APG utilization are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) with algal-film cathode was constructed. It showed good electric-generating performance with three electric-generating stages: start-up, development, and stable. An average output voltage reached ~0.412 V during the stable period. A maximum power density during continuous operation was 19.76 mW/m2. Bacterial samples were collected from the anode in the three stages (A1, A2, and A3), and their community structure and diversity were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 4238 operational taxonomic units were identified based on the number of taxa. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes played a dominant role in the three stages and increased significantly during electricity generation. Compared with A1, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria in A2 and A3 increased by 23.30% and 32.06%, respectively, whereas those of Bacteroidetes in A2 and A3 increased by 5.56% and 14.50%, respectively. At the genus level, there were differences in the composition of bacterial communities among the three stages. Acinetobacter and Chlorobium became the dominant genera in A2, replacing Nitrospira and norank_f__Saprospiraceae in A1, and Sphingobacterium and Ochrobactrum became the dominant genera in A3. According to the sample cluster and principal component analyses, A1 was clustered into one class, and A2 and A3 were clustered into a second class. This work revealed bacterial community succession at the anode of an algal-film cathode MFC during the electricity generation process, which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent promotion of electricity generation by algal-film cathode MFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract China and the United States have the highest demand for fossil fuel energy for transportation and power generation, which promotes growth while also damaging the environment. Policymakers, and environmental scientists, are increasingly interested in understanding key strategies to improve energy efficiency to mitigate fossil fuel energy demand and sustain the environment and growth. In this context, this study uses augmented mean groups (AMG) and common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) estimators to reveal the impact of China-US technological innovation, transportation infrastructure, and power generation on fossil fuel energy demand and fossil fuel energy intensity from 1995 to 2020. Besides, the study examines whether fossil fuel energy use and fossil fuel energy intensity are the main drivers of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) and economic growth. The analysis results show that technological innovation has a strong adverse influence on fossil fuel energy use, and fossil fuel energy intensity. Electricity generation, road transport infrastructure investment and aviation infrastructure investment have considerably contributed to fossil fuel energy use, and fossil fuel energy intensity. The construction of rail transit infrastructure has significantly alleviated fossil fuel energy demand, and fossil fuel energy intensity. Fossil fuel energy use and fossil fuel energy intensity significantly contribute to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and economic growth. However, technological innovation and renewable energy use can substantially reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, while making a considerable contribution to economic growth. Based on empirical investigation, this study provides a series of useful insights into the sustainable development goals of the Chinese and American economies.

[Display omitted] • 3D catalysts for ORR were prepared by NrGO, FePc and Kraft lignin. • The catalyst has an E 1/2 of 0.76 V and an electron transfer number of 3.97. • The catalyst has the same stability and methanol tolerance as 20% Pt/C. • Direct lignin alkaline fuel cell with 0.53 V (OCV) and 95.29 mW m−2 (P max). • Fuel cell prepared by THF-modified catalyst has better performance than 20% Pt/C. Direct lignin fuel cells (DLFC) are one of the important forms of high value-added utilization of lignin. In this study, lignin was studied not only as a fuel but also as a catalyst. Specifically, Kraft lignin was modified with ZnCl 2 , KOH and THF (Tetrahydrofuran) respectively, and added to the catalyst after activation. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Brunauer − Emmett − Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectra shown that AL/FePc-NrGO (activated lignin/iron phthalocyanine/nitrogen-doped reduction of graphene oxide) three-dimensional composite catalyst has been synthesized. The results showed that KOH-activated Kraft lignin had the best performance as an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst, with a half-wave potential (E 1/2) of 0.73 V and a limiting diffusion current density of 4.3 mA cm−1. The THF-modified catalyst showed similar stability and methanol resistance to 20 % Pt/C at ORR. The ORR catalyst applied to the DLFC has the best electrical performance with an open circuit voltage (OCV) was 0.53 V and the maximum power density it could reach 95.29 mW m−2 when the catalyst was modified with THF. It is encouraging that the AL/FePc-NrGO catalyst has better-generated electricity performance than 20 % Pt/C. This work has provided a new idea for developing non-noble metal catalysts and studying direct biomass liquid fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of microbial configuration on the electrochemical performance of photosynthetic microbial fuel cells (PMFCs). The PMFC configuration incorporating both bacteria and microalgae exhibited the highest open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 397.95 ± 31.53 mV, significantly higher than that of the OCVs obtained in the sterile control (C1) and the microalgae-only configuration (C2), which were 32.47 ± 22.43 mV and 284.59 ± 12.63 mV, respectively. Furthermore, the PMFC containing only microalgae achieved a current density (CD) of 20.96 ± 0.18 mA/m³ and a power density (PD) of 0.40 ± 0.01 mW/m³ under room temperature conditions. Notably, the combined bacteria and microalgae configuration demonstrated a substantial performance improvement, yielding a significantly higher CD of 49.33 ± 0.36 mA/m³ and PD of 0.78 ± 0.01 mW/m³ at room temperature. This configuration also achieved a maximum decolorization of 93.57 ± 0.10% with a corresponding algal biomass recovery of 134.90 ± 2.69 mg/L. These findings highlighted the critical role of microbial composition in PMFC performance. The combination of bacteria and microalgae yielded superior results compared to other configurations under the investigated conditions.

The gradient concentration in nature has garnered significant attention as a promising source for energy harvesting. Researchers have explored various methods to harness electricity from gradient‐concentration‐induced flows, including evaporation‐driven nanogenerators and humidity‐gradient‐based power generators. However, their low current and power density are the main obstacles toward practical applications. Herein, a Bilayer Hydrogel Electricity Generator (BHEG) is presented to enable efficient energy harvesting through the synergy between ion gradient concentration and galvanic effects. A BHEG unit employing identical materials for both electrodes demonstrates an open‐circuit voltage of 0.7 V and a short‐circuit current of 4.34 mA—surpassing the currently reported average by over 73 times—and achieves a maximum power density of 72.2 mW m−2. Moreover, another BHEG unit using Zn─C electrode materials exhibit an open‐circuit voltage of 1.86 V and a short‐circuit current of 92 mA. Furthermore, the versatility of the BHEG extends beyond power generation, effectively providing passive thermal management for electronics, resulting in a maximum temperature reduction of ≈20 °C. Consequently, the study contributes insights into the design and fabrication of efficient hydrogel‐based power generators, providing a promising avenue for leveraging natural‐flow‐induced energy for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study highlights the dual benefits of landfill gas utilization:mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and generating renewable energy. Municipal waste, containing a large proportion of organic matter, is dumped into Solid Waste Disposal Sites (SWDS), which, after anaerobic decomposition, releases methane (CH4). This study aims to assess the methane emissions from the SWDS of Chandigarh, India, and evaluate the potential for electricity generation from captured landfill gas. Waste samples were obtained using the quartile method and examined for proximate and ultimate analysis. The inventory and estimation of CH4 generation were done using the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology, including the potential of electricity generation from the CH4 generated. It has been observed that Chandigarh generates around 350 tons per day (TPD) of waste, with organic material constituting over 50% on average. The estimated amount of municipal waste with observed composition led to the generation of 0.34 Gg/yr of CH4. Depending on the efficiency of the gas energy system, 0.27 MW to 0.77 MW of electric power can be produced in Chandigarh. The study also provides a broader context for solid waste management in India. Analysis of national data revealed that India generates about 160,038.9 TPD of solid waste, with only about half (79,956.3 TPD) being treated. The country has 3,184 existing dumpsites, with significant variations across states. As per the present analysis, when extrapolated to a national scale, India could potentially generate 5,167 MWto 14,355 MWof power fromall its SWDS, resulting in annual financial gains of 4.7 to 13 billion USD. These findings underscore the importance of implementing integrated waste management strategies that prioritize waste reduction, efficient treatment, and energy recovery from landfill gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports a novel TiO2/g-C3N4 photoanode-based photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) designed to convert chemical energy from simulated wastewater. The g-C3N4 modified TiO2 nanorod was successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The results indicated that the maximum photocurrent density reached 2.44 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE by 1.167 g L-1 g-C3N4 loaded TiO2 composite. On the basis of analysis, the photoelectrochemical mechanism of the composite photoanode was proposed. This mainly demonstrated that the composite photoanode increases the electron donor density and boosts charge separation efficiency. In addition, the power density and hydrogen production of the proposed PFC were enhanced by 5.37 and 1.49 times compared to TiO2 photoanode-based PFC. To find the origins of the excellent performance of PFC, the influence of the organic compounds were investigated. The ESR measurement results indicated that the organic matter was captured by the photoexcited holes directly to facilitate the charge separation. The achieved power density and hydrogen production of 0.14 mW cm-2 and 21.60 μmol h-1 cm-2 were measured using RhB as the model pollutant, which was 2.42 and 1.23 times higher than the experiments with PBS electrolyte. This study proposed a novel PFC system converts the organic pollutant to the hydrogen and the electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Renewable energy has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to address the growing global energy demand while mitigating the adverse effects of climate change. In Ghana, a country with sizeable renewable energy resources, harnessing these sources is crucial for sustainable development. This study examines Ghana's renewable energy potential, focusing on solar and wind energy resources. Using the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) calculated based on the high-resolution NASA MERRA-2 climate data, this study presents findings on Ghana's renewable energy potential and how energy investment policies are impacted. Solar photovoltaic capacity potential and related costs show that it is the most cost-effective option compared to onshore and offshore wind, due to lower wind speeds. The offshore wind power LCOE ranges from 204.65 to 672.32 $ MWh−1, while solar PV has a narrower range of LCOE values (58.75 to 65.82 $ MWh−1). Additionally, the study considers the potential of the renewable energy mix in Ghana's energy generation, emphasizing the importance of diversifying energy sources for a resilient and sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have estimated the potential of crop residues for energy generation globally and recognized its great potential, especially in rural areas where on-grid electricity is uneconomical. However, crop residues have other equally important uses as animal feed and as mulch for soil enhancement, especially in rural farming communities. Nevertheless, most of the known studies have neglected the estimation of the quantity of crop residues that will be required for feeding animals and also for the enhancement of soil through mulching in their energy potential estimation from crop residues. Neglecting these two important uses can lead to the over-exploitation of the residues for energy generation at the expense of conservation agriculture practices as well as depriving animals of quality feed which can lead to low crop yield and animal production, with the ability to cause hunger and poverty. This study has assessed the potential of electricity generation from agricultural residues in the Sawla-Tuna-Kalba district of Ghana using gasification technology, taking cognizance of the proportion of residues needed for animal consumption and soil enhancement. The results of the study indicate that out of the 207 646.22 t of residues that can be generated from maize, yam, cassava, millet, sorghum, and groundnut, 26 830.36 t (representing 13%) will be required by sheep, goats, and cows for consumption, and 13 936.17 t (representing 7%) will be required for mulching soils where the crops are planted. Also, it was found that a total of 592.17 MW∙h of electricity can be generated from crop residues without animal consumption and soil enhancement needs, while 461.89 MW∙h could be generated from the residues, considering animal feed and soil enhancement. This study has indicated that it is not enough to consider soil enhancement and animal feeding in agricultural biomass power generation through recovery factors without the exact quantification of residues required for these purposes since this can lead to a violation of conservation agricultural practice. Hence, it is concluded that the proper estimation of residues required for soil enhancement needs and animal feeding must be considered in the estimation of crop residues available for electricity generation following the method proposed in this study. It is further concluded from this study that, the proper utilization of crop residues serve as an important resource for meeting the electricity demand of the inhabitants in the study location without compromising on the residues that will be required for the consumption of all the animals in the location as well as for enhancement of the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of securing almost 100 % of electricity generation in Germany with renewable energies (RE) and green energy imports is analyzed. The annual continuous load lines of the ways of generating electricity with RE demonstrate the actual supply capacity of RE as a function of the installed capacity. The increasing volatility resulting from the expansion of RE has a negative impact on the effectiveness of electricity generation and leads to high residual loads. It is not possible to compensate for this by storing the surplus electricity with hydrogen and regenerating electricity and importing green energy sources. A globally feasible concept of the complementary decarbonization of electricity generation from RE and fossil fuels via natural gas pyrolysis and the material‐energetic use of lignite is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In internal combustion engines, approximately 40% of the thermal power obtained from fuel burning is thrown out to the environment from the exhaust system. Implementations of waste heat recovery systems with thermoelectrical generator over exhaust system have become widespread as it is the waste heat resource with the highest temperature in a vehicle. During literature research, experiments related to waste heat recovery under real road conditions are very few and no study on estimation of system performance by machine learning algorithms has been found; therefore, Toyota Corolla has designed an air-cooled waste heat recovery system using 3 thermoelectrical generators for the exhaust system of the automobile. During the road tests, temperature and electric power generation values obtained as per gear, vehicle speed and engine speed have been recorded. In the study, a dataset consisting of 10 attributes was created with each record as a result of the path test. Using this dataset, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes machine learning algorithms estimated the electrical power to be generated from the thermoelectric generator recovery system. In the study, 7 electric power classification estimates were made. In the estimation process, 76% of the dataset was used for training and 24% was used for testing. In terms of estimation success; an estimation success of 96.6% has been achieved by Random Forest method; 94.6% by Support Vector Machine (SVM) method; and 76.7% by Naive Bayes method. The results show that prospective electricity generation estimation can be achieved with high level of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a pivotal fuel source globally, and the generation of hydrogen from solar energy is playing a crucial role in this trend. Solar energy is highly valued for its renewability, eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and ease of installation. In this present work, we assessed the electricity generation of photovoltaic-thermal and photovoltaic systems which are using solar energy. The water-cooled PV-T system was cooled at three different flow rates (0.3 kg/s, 0.39 kg/s, and 0.48 kg/s) for a total panel area of 108 m2. Electricity generated within both systems was actively utilized for hydrogen production. This electricity was employed in a Proton Exchange Membrane electrolyzer to generate hydrogen. The simulations were carried out utilizing the Engineering Equation Solver for a specific day in July, encompassing the hours from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., with each hour being considered. Daily electrolyzer performance was affected by the voltage and current density effects of four different electricity generation configurations, as well as the change in ambient temperature. The daily electricity production for PVs and PV-Ts, with cooling flow ratios of 0.3 kg/s, 0.39 kg/s, and 0.48 kg/s, was 338.2 MJ, 344.89 MJ, 351.42 MJ, and 356.08 MJ, respectively. Additionally, the daily hydrogen production with PEM in combination with PVs and PV-Ts, both without cooling and with the same flow rates, was 1617.2 g, 1646.5 g, 1675.3 g, and 1696 g, respectively. The maximum energy efficiency for PEM was 70.01 %, 69.98 %, 69.95 %, and 69.92 %, while the highest exergy efficiency for the same configuration was 59.75 %, 59.72 %, 59.69 %, and 59.67 %, respectively. In summary, the application of cooling to solar panels leads to increased electricity generation, resulting in higher current and voltage for the PEM. This has minimal adverse effects on the energy and exergy efficiencies of the PEM. Despite a slight negative impact, the cooled system outperforms the non-cooled one in hydrogen production. Furthermore, the system achieved its maximum energy and exergy efficiencies, reaching 50.24 % and 9.772 % when using mass flow ratios of 0.48 kg/s and 0.30 kg/s in PV-T on the selected day. • Hydrogen production of the PEM with PVs and PV-Ts. • Thermodynamic performances of PV, PV-T, PEM and overall the systems. • The comparison of the electrical energy production PVs and PV-Ts. • The impact daily ambient temperature and solar radiation on the systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water evaporation–induced electricity generators (WEGs) are regarded as one of the most promising solutions for addressing the increasingly severe environmental pollution and energy crisis. Owing to the potential carbon emission in the preparation process of WEGs, whether WEG represents a clean electricity generation technology is open to question. Here, a brand‐new strategy is proposed for manufacturing negative carbon emission WEG (CWEG). In this strategy, the microalgae film is used as the electricity generation interface of WEG, which achieves a stable open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.25 V and a short‐circuit current (Isc) of 3.3 µA. Since microalgae can capture carbon dioxide during its growing process, CWEG holds great promise to generate electricity without carbon emissions in the full life cycle compared with other WEGs. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first work using microalgae films to fabricate WEG. Therefore, it is believed that this work not only provides a new direction for designing high‐efficiency and eco‐friendly WEG but also offers an innovative approach to the resource utilization of microalgae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic surfaces have broad application prospects in various fields due to their special surface wettability. However, most artificial superhydrophobic surfaces are fabricated on rigid substrates or flexible substrates with low deformability, and their performance is difficult to guarantee when a large deformation occurs, hindering further application. Here, a superhydrophobic ultra‐stretchable (SU) film is fabricated by simple template replication and low surface energy modification method using the mixture of vulcanized natural latex (VNR) and silicone emulsion as raw material. The prepared SU film exhibits excellent elasticity and wettability stability and can maintain good superhydrophobicity even after 500% tensile strain. Moreover, droplets dropped on the SU film are bounced in time without any residue, avoiding the accumulation of droplets on the film. Finally, a magnetoelectric generator composed of a SU film and an electromagnetic system are developed to realize the efficient utilization and conversion of droplet energy via droplet impacting and bouncing behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the significant role of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in achieving environmental sustainability, with a particular focus on enhancing energy efficiency, resource recovery, and water reuse. WWTPs are crucial for removing pollutants and recovering resources from wastewater, thereby protecting public health and biodiversity. However, they are also associated with high operational costs, substantial carbon footprints, and energy-intensive processes. This article delves into various strategies and technologies to overcome these challenges, aiming to transform WWTPs from energy consumers to energy-efficient resource recovery hubs. Techniques such as anaerobic digestion and the use of advanced oxidation processes and microbial fuel cells are investigated for their potential in energy recovery and efficiency enhancement. Success stories from around the globe are highlighted to demonstrate the feasibility of transitioning to energy-positive WWTP operations. The integration of water reuse systems is also discussed, highlighting recent advancements that enable treated wastewater to be repurposed for agricultural, industrial, and potable uses, thereby promoting sustainability and water conservation. This paper emphasizes the importance of integrating cutting-edge energy management practices to minimize environmental impacts, reduce operational costs, and contribute to a more sustainable water sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change presents a substantial impediment for the global community and prompts policymakers worldwide to prioritize environmental goals when defining national development strategies. Prioritizing these goals is particularly challenging for governments of developing economies still relying on fossil fuels, foreign capital, and industry contribution to GDP. This study examines the relationships between carbon dioxide emissions, industry value added, financial development, and electricity generation in 15 Central and Eastern European countries from 1995 to 2021. To achieve this objective, we examined stationarity and cointegration and employed a vector error correction model to investigate causalities between the variables, along with a variance decomposition analysis. Our findings suggest that the short-run unidirectional causalities exist from industry value-added to carbon dioxide emissions and from carbon dioxide emissions to financial development and electricity generation. Long-term causality exists between carbon dioxide emissions and industry value added. The findings shed light on the challenges and opportunities these countries face in transitioning to climate neutrality and meeting the decarbonization targets. Within this context, the findings underscore the significance of crafting customized strategies for these economies to navigate the complex landscape of climate change while promoting sustainable industrial, electricity and financial sector development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A deep understanding of the electricity generation mechanism from the interaction between water molecules and carbon material surfaces is attractive for next-generation water-based energy conversion and storage systems. Herein, an asymmetric generator was assembled based on functionalized carbon nanotubes films to investigate the relative contribution from various oxygen functional groups on carbon surface to the water-electrical performance. Experiments and calculations demonstrate that the electricity mainly originates from the water molecule adsorption by carboxyl groups and dissociation of functional groups on carbon surface, which leads to the formation of electrical double layers at interfaces. This device allows the electricity generation with a variety of water sources, such as deionized water, tap water, as well as seawater. In particular, the generator based on carboxyl carbon nanotubes can induce a voltage of over 200 mV spontaneously in natural seawater with the power density of about 0.11 mW·g−1. High voltages can be achieved easily through the series-connection strategy to power electronic products such as a liquid crystal display. This work reveals the dominant role of carboxyl groups in carbon-based water–electricity conversion and is expected to offer inspiration for the preparation of carbon materials with high electrical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve the carbon neutralization plan by 2060, China implemented the "Dual Control" (Neng Hao Shuang Kong in Chinese) policy in 2015 by limiting the energy intensity and consumption, leading to forced slowdown of energy-related production and consumptions, which in turn hampered China's economic growth. The economic impact of energy shortage has been discussed in such studies as Cheng et al., the economic consequences of the new policy remain unanswered. In this article, we select China's provincial GDP and electricity generation data from 2001 to 2021 to perform causality tests and a double log model which delineates the nexus between GDP growth and electricity generation. We find that (a) electricity generation growth Granger causes GDP growth but not vice versa, and (b) a 1% increase in electricity generation growth will lead to 0.17% increase in GDP growth. The significance of the finding is: as coal still primarily fuels electricity generation, dual control will further hinder China's economic development sans significant enhancement of electric system or expansion of renewable energy, our findings thus support an upgrade of current grid network by China Power International Development; an expansion of renewable capacity such as a proposal of 400 GW new energy project; and construction of energy storage devices such as the CGD Group thermal storage System and Yingcheng Compressed Air Energy Storage System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia is the property of Wydawnictwo SGGW and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper determines by how much alternative electricity generation sources—natural gas, nuclear, hydro, and renewables—displace electricity generation from coal and oil. It does so by employing a first-difference model and a mean-group estimator applied to a panel that spans 1985–2019 for 27 high- and 13 middle-income countries. As such, our approach avoids/addresses several statistical issues common in long-macro panel analyses—heterogeneity, nonstationarity, and cross-sectional dependence—that have largely been ignored/unaddressed in previous displacement studies. Ultimately, we find that the displacement effect is small and only marginally significant for nuclear, and is significant though less than unity for natural gas and hydro, whereas intermittent renewables (solar and wind) have unitary displacement effect. These results suggest a substantially greater displacement potential for alternative generation sources than typically found by the previous literature. In other words, increasing hydro and wind and solar are all impactful ways to decarbonize the electricity system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review examines Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) technology, which generates electricity using organic fluids at low temperature ranges. To enhance the efficiency of basic ORC systems, they are often adapted into Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle (R-ORC) systems. The review highlights the dimensions of economic, energy, and exergy efficiency, which are critical for practical application. Factors like the choice of working fluid, heat source temperature, and heat exchanger efficiency significantly affect economic feasibility; suboptimal choices can reduce returns and hinder project viability. Strategic decisions can improve economic outcomes and make ORC technology more appealing, as improved efficiency often leads to better economic performance through increased energy output and reduced operational costs. ORC and R-ORC systems promote sustainable energy production by enhancing energy efficiency in various applications, including geothermal power plants, industrial waste heat recovery, biomass energy production, and solar power plants. By enabling electricity generation even at low temperatures, these systems efficiently utilize existing energy sources, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and minimize environmental impacts, thus providing both economic and ecological benefits. Additionally, when the studies conducted are examined, R-ORC exhibits higher performance than basic ORC. R-ORC is significantly superior to ORC in terms of both energy and exergy efficiency. Specifically, in terms of energy efficiency, R-ORC has been found to be 1.83 %–25.5 % more efficient. Regarding exergy efficiency, R-ORC demonstrates approximately 7.69 % better performance. Furthermore, due to these increases in efficiency, it has been determined that R-ORC also provides a more positive economic contribution compared to ORC. Thus, comparisons between ORC and R-ORC systems play a significant role in sustainable energy production and offer valuable guidance for future research. The limitations of ORC and R-ORC systems include limited efficiency due to low temperature differentials, the environmental impact of the organic fluids used, and high costs.

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology has emerged as a promising renewable energy solution, offering a sustainable and efficient means of electricity generation and thermal energy storage. India, endowed with abundant solar irradiance, has made significant strides in promoting CSP technology as part of its renewable energy portfolio. With a growing focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing energy security, the Indian government has initiated numerous policies, incentives, and projects to encourage CSP adoption. Parabolic trough collectors, a type of linear concentrating system, are currently in widespread use. Power or solar towers are the most common type of point concentrating CSP technology currently in use. India aims to achieve a renewable energy capacity of 175 GW by 2022, with solar power constituting 100 GW of the overall target. Concentrated solar power technology is slated to grow 87% during 2018–2023, 32% faster than in the previous five-year period 2012–2017 and reach 4.3 GW in 2023. In future, present review paper can be regarded as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers and industry professionals seeking to comprehend the present condition of concentrated solar power in India. It can aid in the development of strategies to address obstacles and advance sustainable and efficient solar energy solutions.

The electricity indebtedness of Ghanaian schools is increasing due to the high cost of electricity in the country. As a result, the utility companies frequently disconnect the schools from the grid to force them to settle their debts. Meanwhile, the school can reduce its bills from rooftop solar PV systems, yet little attention is given. The study uses the University of Environment and Sustainable Development (UESD) as a case to assess the technical feasibility, economic viability, and potential benefits of implementing rooftop solar PV electricity in Ghanaian schools. Google Earth software was used to estimate the structure's rooftop surface areas to determine the potential energy harvest from a PV plant.In contrast, the economic analysis uses the net present value (NPV), internal rate of returns (IRR), discounted payback period (DPP) and profitability index (IP) to appraise the intended project. The results show that using rooftops of school structures can provide the needed electricity for local consumption and export excess to the grid for sales. The NPV, IRR, IP, and DPP recorded from the study are million GHS 15.15, 21%, 1.6 and 8 years, respectively. The findings highlight the potential of rooftop solar PV systems to meet educational institutions' electricity demand, exploring the possibility of exporting excess to the national grid for revenue (income generator), reducing operational costs, and contributing to a sustainable energy transition.

The unreliable power supply, high cost of electricity and non-payment of electricity bills among the state-owned hospitals in Ghana badly affects health services delivery. Meanwhile, hospitals can obtain reliable electricity and reduce their bills using rooftop solar PV systems technology, yet little attention has been given to this in Ghana. This study aims to technically and economically assess the feasibility and viability of implementing rooftop solar PV electricity under the net metering programme that Ghana recently adopted for hospitals. The study uses a case study (Sunyani Teaching Hospital) through empirical technical assessment (Google Earth Pro software, load profiles and grid connection option) and engineering econometrics (Net present value - NPV, Internal rate of return - IRR, Discounted payback period - DPP and profitability index - PI) to arrive at its conclusion. The technical results show that the Sunyani Teaching Hospital has a total installed load of 297,471 kW and an annual energy demand of 1,493,326 kWh. The proposed PV plant can produce about 9,418,145 kWh of energy per year. The economic results show an NPV of GHS 64.09 million, IRR of 34 %, PI of 2.4, and DPP of 4 years for the system configuration without battery storage, while an NPV of GHS 61.21 million, IRR of 28 %, PI of 2.3, and DPP of 4 years for the system configuration with 10 % battery storage capacity. The solar PV system's resultant annual carbon dioxide savings from the study is 8,005,423.34 kg, while a 200,135,588.38 kg carbon reduction can be achieved in the project's lifetime. The economic evaluation of the proposed solar PV microgrid using carbon credit resulted in higher profitability. An NPV of GHS 72.89 million, IRR of 36 %, PI of 2.6, and DPP of 4 years were realized by considering carbon credit in the analysis of the system configuration without battery storage. At the same time, the system configuration with 10 % battery storage capacity has an NPV, IRR, PI, and DPP of GHS 70.04 million, 32 %, 2.5, and 4 years, respectively. The results show that the net present values for cases with 50 % storage, and 100 % storage are GHS 70.0 million, GHS 58.6 and GHS 44.4 million, respectively. Similarly, IRRs 32 %, 22 % and 14 % were obtained in the order of the above cases. Again, the PI obtained are 2.5, 2.0, and 1.6 in order of the above cases, and lastly, the period for the investment recovery is 4 years, 5 years, and 6 years, respectively. The results indicate that hospitals in developing countries can leverage on rooftop solar PV system to enhance their health services delivery.

This study investigates the low-temperature hydrogen plasma treatment approach for the improvement of hydrogen generation through waste aluminum (Al) reactions with water and electricity generation via proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM FC). Waste Al scraps were subjected to ball milling and treated using two different low-temperature plasma regimes: Diode and magnetron-initiated plasma treatment. Hydrolysis experiments were conducted using powders with different treatments, varying molarities, and reaction temperatures to assess hydrogen generation, reaction kinetics, and activation energy. The results indicate that magnetron-initiated plasma treatment significantly enhances the hydrolysis reaction kinetics compared to untreated powders or those treated with diode-generated plasma. Analysis of chemical bonds revealed that magnetron-initiated hydrogen plasma treatment takes advantage by promoting a dual procedure: Surface cleaning and Al nanocluster deposition on top of Al powders. Moreover, it was modeled that such H2 plasma could penetrate up to 150 Å depth. Meanwhile, electricity generation tests demonstrate that only 0.2 g of treated Al powder can generate approximately 1 V for over 300 s under a constant 2.5 Ω load and 1.5 V for 2700 s with a spinning fan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To perform the calculations of the coulombic efficiency, areal and volumetric power densities generated by microbial fuel cells (MFCs), several procedures should be accomplished; this necessitates long period and efforts, beside the probability of committing errors. This article aims at developing a tool to support users, engineers, and specialists in performing these computations by developing a desktop software that can run on laptops and computers. A mathematical model was developed to perform the calculations. Next, a flowchart was generated, and the mathematical model was incorporated in the flowchart. Then, Microsoft Visual FoxPro 9.0 Service Pack 2.0 was implemented to configure the software by combining the flowchart, mathematical model, and interface creation. Data were obtained from government associations, wastewater treatment plants, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and literature. The data obtained for performing the calculations in the traditional way were utilized to generate output data which were matched with the output data obtained from the software. The results of both the traditional method and the program were congruous. The software is able to calculate the coulombic efficiency, area and volumetric energy density of MFCs by processing various feedstocks such as livestock manure and wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity generation and chemical production are both critical cornerstone for modern society. Integrating electricity output and high value chemical production in an electrochemical system is highly attractive both environmentally and sustainably. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the development of these multifunctional devices (electrocatalytic flow batteries) that could generate both electricity and high value chemicals through rational coupling of half‐electrode reactions, covering the basic principles, device configurations, and applications. We also discuss the current challenges and suggest potential research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the feasibility of integrating wind power generation at Lagos State University of Science and Technology, specifically within the Mechanical Engineering Department, to address persistent electricity supply challenges in Nigeria. The research focuses on applying a five-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT). It emphasises the urgent need for sustainable energy solutions due to the depletion of conventional sources and the environmental impact of fossil-fuel-powered generators. The methodology involves mathematical modeling to analyse wind shear exponent, Weibull distribution, maximum power available, and capacity factor. Utilising the FZ-3000 five-bladed HAWT, data is collected using a wireless wind anemometer. The results reveal a calculated wind shear exponent aligned with terrain characteristics, emphasising the impact of obstructions on wind speed. Analysis of average wind speed throughout the day demonstrates the potential for continuous power generation at the Mechanical Engineering Department of the Lagos State University of Science and Technology. Examination of wind speed at different heights underscores the significance of elevated turbine towers for capturing higher wind speeds and optimising power output in the specific context of Lagos State University of Science and Technology. The calculated capacity factor of 44.17% suggests the viability of large wind turbine installations within the Mechanical Engineering Department, with room for improvement through routine maintenance. This research contributes valuable insights into harnessing wind power at Lagos State University of Science and Technology, particularly within the Mechanical Engineering Department, addressing technical and environmental challenges for sustainable energy development. The study location, situated at coordinates Latitude of 6.6145° N and Longitude of 3.5375° E, provides a representative environment for assessing wind power potential in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development (IJERAD) is the property of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present study, the potential of Pseudomonas citronellolis 620C strain was evaluated, for the first time, to generate electricity in a standard, double chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC), with oily wastewater (OW) being the fuel at 43.625 mg/L initial chemical oxygen demand (COD). Both electrochemical and physicochemical results suggested that this P. citronellolis strain utilized efficiently the OW substrate and generated electricity in the MFC setup reaching 0.05 mW/m2 maximum power. COD removal was remarkable reaching 83.6 ± 0.1%, while qualitative and quantitative gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the OW total petroleum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and fatty acids revealed high degradation capacity. It was also determined that P. citronellolis 620C produced pyocyanin as electron shuttle in the anodic MFC chamber. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study showing (phenazine-based) pyocyanin production from a species other than P. aeruginosa and, also, the first time that P. citronellolis 620C has been shown to produce electricity in a MFC. The production of pyocyanin, in combination with the formation of biofilm in the MFC anode, as observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, makes this P. citronellolis strain an attractive and promising candidate for wider MFC applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The systems of policies impacting climate change mitigation are complex. Yet, to date, we have limited conceptual and empirical knowledge on the dynamics within these. We address this gap by employing a systems lens to untangle the interactions between the policies affecting climate change mitigation in the electricity generation space. We conceptualise climate policyscapes for electricity generation as systems populated with policies whose means impact decarbonisation in the electricity generation space. The impacts under analysis include both support and obstruction of climate change mitigation. We analyse the evolution of the UK climate policyscape from 1956 to 2022. Methodologically, we combine qualitative content analysis and network analysis. We populate the policyscapes with pieces of legislation in the electricity generation space and employ qualitative content analysis to identify the policy means affecting climate change mitigation. Our network analysis of the 2022 climate policyscape reveals that policies hindering climate mitigation remain largely present, which renders the climate policyscape incoherent. We show that policies supporting mitigation are more likely to behave as a group than policies hindering climate mitigation. Climate policies tend to be adopted as packages, whilst fossil policies remain a steady process throughout the history of the UK climate policyscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present the current situation in the energy sector in Poland, with particular emphasis on the role of renewable energy sources (RES), and to assess the impact of these investments on the future of the energy sector in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: Secondary research was conducted to characterize the energy market in Poland. Documents from four leading electric power producers in Poland were examined. Findings: Despite the fact that Polish energy sector still heavily relies on coal, the future of the Polish energy sector appears to be closely linked to the development of RES. Leading companies operating in the Polish energy sector have adopted strategies involving significant investments in RES. Research limitations/implications: This study focuses on the power sector and does not take into account investments in RES made by households. Therefore, future research could focus on the energy transition of households in particular, identifying the determinants and constraints of this transition. Practical implications: This paper shows how legal regulations, including CO2 emission restrictions and international commitments, affect the current situation of the Polish energy market and shape its development. These regulations also point out the need to accelerate the country's energy transition in order to increase energy security through diversification of energy sources. Social implications: Large-scale investments in renewable energy sources will contribute to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, thus, they will have positive effect on the environment. Originality/value: The issue of energy transition is addressed from both a practical and social point of view. The analysis conducted uses the most recent data, thereby providing up-to-date knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy has been considered as one of the leading renewable energy sources for electric power generation. Therefore, intending to deal with a low energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) materials problems, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are playing an essential role in enhancing the performance and reliability of photovoltaic systems. Consequently, many researchers have focused their studies on using AI applied to photovoltaic solar energy. Adaptative neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) has shown excellent performance and potential use among AI methods. Therefore, ANFIS architecture has been widely applied in PV systems, and many papers were found. However, a survey with classifications or comparisons was not detected. In this regard, this paper surveys the literature about ANFIS architecture applied to photovoltaic systems. And, to help the readers, the authors propose new categorization based on applicability. The six different categorizations are Solar irradiance forecasting; Photovoltaic output power estimation; Parameter identification for photovoltaic system sizing; Maximum power point tracking (MPPT); Inverter control; and Fault diagnosis photovoltaic systems. Furthermore, in each categorization, a comparison is made among the papers approached. Finally, a comparison among ANFIS architecture and other techniques also are presented in each categorization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the analysis of problems and experience of conducting research on the implementation of Smart Grid and Demand Response concepts in power supply systems with sources of distributed, decentralized generation and active consumers in power systems. The issue of finding ways to solve the scientific and technical problems of implementing the concepts of Smart Grid and Demand Response when solving the tasks of designing and building local electric power systems, taking into account the peculiarities of their functioning in the unified energy system of Ukraine was considered. The range of under-researched problems of decentralized management development in the retail segment of the electricity market in the organization of micro-markets based on the application of modern approaches of multi-agent management and block chain technology for the business processes organization is outlined. The main tasks of the conceptual design of the new market architecture of micro-markets on local electricity systems and their integration into the existing systems of organizational, operational-technological and information management of the electricity market are presented. Micro-markets are actually developing and, with experience, can become a driver for the post-war development of the market infrastructure in terms of the simultaneous implementation and practical application the Smart Grid and Demand Response principles for the implementation of technical solutions at the retail market level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions induced environmental hazards is one of the most important goals of future research the energy economy and the environment. This challenge is becoming more important in developing countries, including Iran, with high energy intensity and is one of the leading countries in GHG emissions. This study aims to visualize emissions from electricity generation in Khuzestan province, southern Iran. Khuzestan is the largest producer of electricity and the country's energy capital. Khuzestan's electricity supply and demand system was simulated and examined under green scenarios till 2050 by assessing the existing situation and choosing a suitable low-carbon energy system for the future. One of the results of this research is to reduce emissions in terms of energy management strategies in the short term and the ineffectiveness of development strategies regardless of consumption management strategies. Electricity supply optimization scenarios are attractive in the long term, which indicates the costly implementation of development strategies. Combining solutions to balance the energy economy and environment is more effective. The OKEP scenario as a combination of consumption management and development strategies showed that it would maintain its positive impact in the short and long term and successfully reduce emissions. In this scenario, the net present value (NPV) attractiveness is over $ 6706 million and saves the emission of 179 MtCO2e. Compared to the business as usual (BAU) scenario, more than 90 Bm3NGe savings and a 3.62% increase in renewables share are other benefits of this scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignocellulosic biomass holds a potential to be used in the production of biofuels and bioelectricity, as an economic and eco-friendly substrate. The production of bioethanol and bioelectricity was evaluated in a microbial electrochemical reactor using wheat straw hydrolysate. Wood degrading white-rot fungi, Phlebiafloridensis, was used to prepare wheat straw hydrolysate. An efficient bioconversion of sugars present in wheat straw hydrolysate into ethanol and electricity has been demonstrated to achieve a cost-effective and net-zero emissions goal using co-cultures of yeasts. The fermentation was performed in a single vessel electrochemical bioreactor using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia fermentans. Both the yeasts were allowed to ferment WS hydrolysate up to 15 days as pure or co-culture. Co-culture of yeasts showed electrochemical response in terms of maximum power density (77.5 mW m−2) using WS hydrolysate. Maximum ethanol production of 8.7% (w/v) was observed on the 5th day. Thus, the results of this study validate the use of biological integrated approach like microbial electrochemical reactor to produce ethanol and electricity from wheat straw hydrolysate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global concern over socioeconomic activities' environmental impact is undeniable, given their implications for climate and human welfare. In our study, we analyze Pakistan's landscape, with emphasis on the effects of electricity generation and consumption (both symmetric and asymmetric), energy trade, and the role of information and communication technology (ICT). We harnessed data from 1993 to 2020, sourced from World Development Indicators, Climate Watch, and the USA EIA. Our analysis involved application of the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag model and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds testing methods. Our results reveal that electricity consumption, whether experiencing positive or negative shocks, exhibits a tendency to elevate emissions over the long term. Similarly, shocks in electricity generation from fossil fuels, whether positive or negative, have adverse environmental consequences both in the short and long run. A negative shock in electricity generation from renewable and alternative sources triggers environmental degradation. Remarkably, nuclear energy plays a pivotal role in bolstering environmental sustainability in Pakistan. Conversely, we identified factors contributing to ecological degradation, including imports of coal, crude oil, metallurgical coke, and ICT usage, in the long run. Equally, trade and natural resources rent emerge as mitigating factors over time. Ultimately, our study underscores the importance of diversifying the energy mix, with a particular emphasis on expanding the renewable sources for reducing emissions and fostering environmental sustainability in Pakistan. Additionally, our research suggests that leveraging natural resources rent and trade capabilities can pave the way for an eco-friendlier future in the country. This study assesses the environmental impact of electricity generation by source, electricity consumption, energy trade, and ICTs in Pakistan. The findings confirm that both positive and negative shocks in fossil fuel electricity generation and consumption detrimentally affect the environment. Coal, crude oil, metallurgical coke imports, and ICTs degrade the environment, while nuclear electricity generation, natural resources rent, and trade improve it. Integrating energy diversification with focus on promoting renewable energy sources has the potential to significantly reduce emissions and advance long-run environmental sustainability. Strategically utilizing natural resources rent and trade capabilities can aid in establishing an environmental sustainability in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and stable operation of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells (DC-SOFCs) hinges upon the kinetics of the reverse Boudouard reaction. Crop straw, possessing exceptional physicochemical properties, exhibits great potential to promote the reverse Boudouard reaction and cell performance. Here, we successfully developed two representative biochars derived from sesame and eggplant straw, conducting thorough physicochemical characterization and evaluating their application in DC-SOFCs. Results revealed a substantial impact of biochar intrinsic properties on DC-SOFC performance. At 850 °C, the single cell employing sesame straw biochar achieved the highest output of 228 mW cm−2, while the DC-SOFC fueled with eggplant straw biochar yielded 214 mW cm−2, both surpassing the 173 mW cm−2 output of the activated carbon-powered cell. Furthermore, the sesame straw biochar-fueled cell exhibited the longest operational lifetime of 30.7 h, with a fuel utilization as high as 34.4% at 850 °C and 50 mA. Similarly, the operational lifetime and fuel utilization of the eggplant straw biochar-fueled DC-SOFC were recorded as 21.1 h and 23.6%, respectively. These outcomes consistently outperformed activated carbon-powered DC-SOFC, demonstrating the crucial role of crop straw-derived biochar in enhancing DC-SOFC stability and efficiency. The improved cell performance was ascribed to the biochar's porous structure, larger specific surface area, more disordered carbon, and naturally occurring metal catalysts, which effectively accelerated the reverse Boudouard reaction and ensured an abundant provision of carbon monoxide for DC-SOFC operation. • Sesame and eggplant straw biochars are developed as excellent fuels for DC-SOFCs. • Both biochars display excellent physicochemical properties for carbon gasification. • DC-SOFC performance depends strongly on the characteristics of the biochars. • Sesame straw biochar-fueled cell gives the best output of 228 mW cm−2 at 850 °C. • Biochar-fueled DC-SOFCs exhibit superior operational lifetime and fuel utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Closed methane hard coal mines may become a source of methane used in the energy industry. There are many unliquidated tunnel workings left, they contain lot of workings with a large capacity of free space, and a network of cracks formed in the rock mass. Release of methane to the atmosphere is practically reduced to zero. Closed mines can be a source of methane used to produce energy. This article presents the example of the "Moszczenica" mine as a source of methane, which is captured and converted into electricity and heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]