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When expanding abroad, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) experience various constraints, especially the liabilities of small size and foreignness. In this study, the authors examine postures, capabilities, and strategies related to international brand marketing that help SMEs overcome such challenges, establish a brand presence, and attain superior performance in foreign markets. Framing the investigation in the internationalization and capabilities perspectives, the authors employ multimethod approaches in a two-phase study among internationalizing SMEs based in Taiwan. In the first phase, they undertake an extensive literature review and then conduct case studies to formulate a conceptual model. In the second phase, the authors validate the model and associated hypotheses using survey data from a large sample of SMEs that target their products to markets worldwide. Results point to critical roles for these key constructs—international entrepreneurial orientation, international social media capability, and international market knowledge capability—as key antecedents to international branding capability and international brand strategy, in SMEs' international performance. The authors discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings, highlighting the role of the critical constructs identified previously in driving superior international performance in resource-constrained SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firms from a variety of industries regularly partner with Formula One racing teams to achieve marketing objectives on an international scale. The sponsored properties offer signals of brand foreignness/localness, country of origin, and the potential for highly visible achievements. Firms enter and exit brand partnerships with some of the world's most famous athletes and iconic teams, yet the partnership decision-making process remains opaque, particularly concerning the impact of geographic origin and team performance among other criteria, including macroeconomic conditions and brand-related factors. This study contributes a quantitative model that analyzes 53 years of data encompassing more than 3,000 sponsorships across six continents. The findings improve understanding of brand partnership continuity/dissolution by explicating a shared nationality effect and a link with sponsored organizational performance that is robust across three distinct eras of Formula One. In doing so, the study contributes to theory by completing the sponsorship performance cycle and distilling partnership limits with regard to brand foreignness. The theory and quantitative analyses are buttressed by interviews with brand decision-makers, excerpts from which also shape the discussion of managerial applications. Implications include efficiencies in partner prospecting that enhance the likelihood of enduring brand relationships in sponsorship-linked international marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade there has been significant interest in international expansion of emerging market firms (EMFs) due to their distinctive patterns compared with developed market firms (DMFs). In this article, the authors develop an analytical model to generate prescriptive insights for pricing strategies when EMFs enter new foreign markets. Grounded in the international marketing and organizational learning literatures, the model accounts for local and multinational competition, the influence of country-of-origin effects, and the role of organizational learning in foreign markets. The results suggest that when an EMF enters a host market with a local competitor, it could generate higher profits even when charging a lower price than the local competitor. Additionally, the authors find that DMFs enjoy greater profitability than EMFs in foreign markets as a result of positive country-of-origin effects. Finally, the authors propose and validate the use of organizational learning as a process EMFs can use to surmount the negative impact of country-of-origin effects and achieve greater profitability than DMFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marketing products/services internationally entails a bold decision that has high-cost implications and significant performance consequences: Should the firm standardize or adapt its marketing strategy across borders? The dilemma is a seminal issue, and perhaps the most enduring in international marketing scholarship. However, despite the voluminous work on the topic, an ontological assumption induces inconclusive conceptualizations and impedes theoretical advancement. The author contends that a self-contained, atomistic representation of the standardization/adaptation decision is such an impediment. This work problematizes a portrayal of the decision as if it is taken following a detached, own judgment of broad environmental contingencies. In turn, the study builds on fit literature and promotes an alternative perspective that acknowledges relational imperatives for requisite theorizing. Hence, standardization/adaptation is framed as a coconstituted process toward relational fit, with international marketing strategies being contingent on the role of significant "others." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although rapid technological development has resulted in the proliferation of digital platforms, there is limited understanding of these platforms' roles in international markets. Drawing on the information economics perspective, the authors investigate whether live streaming, as an emerging platform-based function, enables foreign sellers to enhance their sales performance in host markets. Using a unique longitudinal data set from a business-to-customer digital platform in China, the authors find that live streaming use is positively associated with international seller sales performance. This positive effect is stronger when cultural distance is higher. Moreover, the influence becomes stronger when product price is higher, while the effect is weaker for name-brand products than for non-name-brand products. These findings provide rich insights on the role of digitalization to the international marketing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improved sustainability of aquaculture can be achieved by reducing product wastage post-harvest. Aquaculture of the green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus, is an important industry for New Zealand, which increasingly exports to live markets. Live transport can keep mussels fresh, but mussels could also be susceptible to handling stresses. To remedy this, pre-treatments that make mussels metabolically depressed, and thus potentially less sensitive to external stressors, were explored. As indicators of depressed metabolism, heart rate (HR), inferred cardiac output (PCO), and relative gaping magnitude (RGM) were simultaneously monitored in mussels experiencing different temperatures, dissolved oxygen levels and anaesthetic (MgCl2) concentrations to compare their efficacy in inducing suppressed metabolism of adult P. canaliculus. We found complex interactions between HR, PCO, and RGM in response to these conditions; however, overall, these response variables were significantly correlated. Mussels showed depressed HR and PCO by up to 100% at 4 °C within 2 h, with correspondingly decreased RGM of up to 48%. Similarly, mussels immersed in 40 g L−1 MgCl2 suppressed HR by up to 97%, accompanied by up to 76% decrease in PCO, and a slight increase in RGM (11%) after 2 h. While responses were variable, low DO levels suppressed HR by up to 50%, yet PCO and RGM increased two- and threefold relative to control groups. The results of the present study indicated that 4 °C and 40 g MgCl2 L−1 were more effective conditions as pre-treatments than low dissolved oxygen lower the metabolism of P. canaliculus before live transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs actor-network theory to examine the dynamics of destination marketing in Hokkaido, Japan, where countless films are shot. It is among the first to adopt the local/global network framework in tourism studies, and examine tourism processes through the mobilization, interaction, and disintegration of networks. Networks are understood vis-à-vis actors, and not by the static notion of "power over," but through the dynamic enactment of the notion of "power to." The findings show that networks exercise power within them instead of top-down control, and can help practitioners market destinations successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses OECD data to examine whether winning the men's FIFA World Cup boosts GDP growth, as claimed by analysts and media outlets concomitantly with every edition of this football competition. By implementing both an event‐study design and a synthetic difference‐in‐difference strategy, the analysis shows that winning the World Cup increases year‐over‐year GDP growth by at least 0.48 percentage points in the two subsequent quarters. This result seems primarily driven by enhanced export growth, which is consistent with a greater appeal enjoyed by national products and services on the global market after victory in a major sporting event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ontology is implicitly or explicitly the impetus of any study. However, what are the implications of a scholarly field whose prevailing ontological assumptions and resultant epistemological commitments impede more nuanced theorizing? In this paper, we caution against theorizing norms in fields characterized by a non-diverse and non-inclusive set of ontological assumptions. We contend that editorial practices therein create a certain kind of methodological conformity and conduct, that is, an undue justification and explanatory overtones related to methods that are set against the predominant grain. Through a thematic review of qualitative papers in international marketing as a case in point, we argue against narrow onto-epistemological arsenals, we discuss the value of critical theorizing and put forward two modest proposals to address this kind of scholarly conformity in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Taking the lens of a cue diagnosticity framework and affective primacy theory, this study aims to examine the relative effects of cognitive and affective country image on consumer cognitive judgement, affective evaluation and behavioural tendency in one integrated model. It also explores how the direct effects may vary with the intra-valence nature (ambivalent vs. univalent) of cognition-affect. Design/methodology/approach: The proposed research model was tested using data from a large Chinese sample and consumer responses to products from four countries − the USA, Japan, Brazil and India. Findings: The results show that the relative effects of cognitive and affective country image are complex and differ by the intra-valence nature of cognition-affect. On a general level, cognitive and affective country image exert equal influence on affective evaluation and behavioural tendency. In contrast, cognitive country image demonstrates a more prominent effect than affective country image on cognitive judgement. Compared with univalent, ambivalent cognition-affect strengthens the positive impact of affective country image but does not significantly alter the positive impact of cognitive country image on consumer reactions. Originality/value: This research contributes to the ongoing debate regarding implications of two focal aspects of macro country image by revealing their relative importance in an integrated framework and enriches country-of-origin research through unveiling the uni/ambivalent cognition-affect as a moderator of the relationship between cognitive/affective country image and consumer reactions. The research findings provide implications as to whether and when marketing strategies should focus on leveraging positive (negative) cognitive or affective country image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Given the contradictory findings of standardization/adaptation of marketing strategy in explaining export performance in the extant research, this study aims to examine the contingent effects of managerial ties and born global orientation in the standardized advertising-export performance conceptualization. Design/methodology/approach: The study used two-respondent method in the survey research by a sample of 155 exporting firms operating in the industrial marketing based in Australia and New Zealand and applied hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypotheses. Findings: The findings demonstrate that standardized advertising has a significant effect on export performance and this relationship is positively moderated by business ties. Such effect is particularly enhanced for born global firms (than nonborn global firms). However, political ties negatively influence the impact of standardized advertising on performance and such effect is stronger for born global firms. Research limitations/implications: A broader perspective of contingent variables should be included to examine the underlying relationship between standardized advertising and export performance in capturing the dynamism in international marketing contexts, such as institutional frameworks or sociocultural environments in host countries. Practical implications: Standardized advertising is critical for born global firms' export performance as it can increase efficiency and speed up internationalization processes. Such positive impact of standardized advertising on export performance is further enhanced if born global firms allocate resources to develop strong business ties with host country partners instead of building political ties with host country governments, because smooth business networking can facilitate standardized advertising on industrial marketing, yet justifiable political relations require intricate negotiations that often prolong internationalization progress. Originality/value: This study incorporates managerial ties and born global orientation as contingent factors in fixing the theoretic interlock between standardization advertising strategy and export firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal protective equipment (PPE) like face mask is important in managing pandemic. Typically, there exist different standards for face masks such as N95 and KN95. In response to the supply shortages of N95 mask in 2020, KN95 mask was allowed to be sold in U.S. to substitute the standard product N95. This paper considers when suppliers make products to supply both domestic and overseas markets with different product standards (i.e., the standard product for domestic/overseas market is the ordinary/high‐type product), and explore the impact of the substitution policy of allowing the ordinary product as a substitutable product in the overseas market. Analytically we prove that this substitution policy is win‐win by increasing the sales in both markets when ordinary and high‐type products are close substitutes in the presence of strong diseconomies of scale in material supply, or the high‐type product has a dominant competitive advantage in the presence of strong economies of scale in material supply. By contrast, the substitution policy is lose‐lose by decreasing the sales in both markets when the competitive advantage of the high‐type product is small in the presence of strong economies of scale in material supply. Moreover, numerical studies with the real data show the robustness of our analytical findings, and unfold the backfire of imposing export restriction on the standard product for domestic market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of international finance, there is a large role for international financial market integration and financial depth by contributing to the global financial system and enhancing financial system power through easier access to sufficient funds of government and private sectors. This research aims to determine the short‐run and long‐run impact of financial depth on international financial market integration in eight selected countries over the period of 1980–2021 in both a linear and nonlinear model, while providing the opportunity to assess the asymmetric impact of financial depth on international financial market integration. After estimating the models, we show that financial depth has significant short‐run and long‐run effects in most of our sample countries in the linear mode. We also show that the long‐run impact of financial depth on financial market integration is asymmetric in all eight countries, concluding that financial depth and risks associated with it play an important role in international financial market integration, and it is important for countries to select and implement adequate financial market policies to take advantage of this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we provide an assessment of the evolution of markups in Italy in the last twenty years. To this aim, we resort to both macro- and micro-data and estimation techniques, namely reduced forms accounting measures (price–cost margins) and production function model-based indicators. When using aggregate data, we present a comparative study with respect to the other main Euro area countries, whereas the micro-level analysis focuses on the markup dynamics across and within Italian firms. According to our findings, (i) aggregate markups show flat/slightly decreasing dynamics across EU countries, settling to a 1.1 level on average; (ii) the aggregate dynamics hide substantial cross-sector and cross-firm heterogeneity; (iii) the within-firm component is the most relevant driver of markup dynamics; and (iv) no superstars-driven dynamics emerge: although firms with higher markups show slightly more variation over time, there is no evidence of an increasing trend. Finally, we compare our results with those obtained by De Loecker and Eeckhout (Global market power, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, 2018) and show that they differ mainly because our sample, including non-listed firms, is more representative of the EU corporate sectors. Our study has important policy implications: it warns against blindly extending the conclusions valid for specific contexts to others with different characteristics, while inviting a careful assessment of the actual competitive landscape, based on representative datasets and robust analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines investor attention connectedness measures before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. We find that investor attention spillovers persist among global equity markets, and developed markets dominate as shock transmitters. The spillover effect increased significantly amidst the COVID-19 pandemic period due to escalating market turmoil. The empirical results suggest that investor attention interdependencies have important implications for improving our understanding of the shock transmission of global equity markets and co-movement dynamics. Our findings offer additional insights to investors and speculators to design better portfolio strategies by considering the net spillover effects of investor attention between numerous equity markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Through a systematic literature review of 42 recent peer‐reviewed empirical studies of international arms markets, this paper examines the determinants of supply and demand for manned fixed‐wing combat aircraft in the post–Cold War era. This literature review distinguishes more than 80 different determinants related to either the international system interaction, an international state or the aircraft offered. The determinants can be related to the main characteristics of the market, namely, security, economics and normative values. Measurable effects are only visible for security and economic determinants. Normative factors appear to play a rudimentary role across the board, although they can be found to be significant in individual studies. One conclusion that can be drawn is that the most commonly studied determinants are not those with the greatest impact. In addition, it is important to note that all but a few of the publications analysed do not address the difference in market power between a producing and a supplying (reselling) state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present research study aims to explore the impact of the most recent Israeli–Palestinian conflict, which unfolded in October 2023, on global equity markets, including a wide range of both emerging and developed markets (as per the Morgan Stanley Capital Investment country classification). Design/methodology/approach: The market model of event study methodology, with an estimation window of 200 days and 28-day event window (including event day, i.e. October 7, 2023), has been employed to investigate the event's impact on the stock markets of different countries, with 24 emerging countries and 23 developed countries. The daily closing prices of the prominent indices of all 47 countries have been analyzed to examine the impact of the conflict on emerging markets, developed markets and overall global equity markets. Additionally, cross-sectional regression analysis has been performed to investigate the possible explanations for abnormal returns. Findings: The findings of the study suggest the heterogeneous impact of the selected event on different markets. Notably, emerging markets and the overall global equity landscape exhibited substantial negative responses on the event day, as reflected in average abnormal returns of −0.47% and −0.397%, respectively. In contrast, developed markets displayed resilience, with no significant negative impact observed on the day of the event. A closer examination of individual countries revealed diverse reactions, with Poland, Egypt, Greece, Denmark and Portugal standing out for their positive or resilient market responses. Poland, in particular, demonstrated significantly positive cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) of 7.16% in the short-term and 8.59% in the long-term event windows (−7, +7 and −7, +20, respectively), emphasizing its robust performance amid the geopolitical turmoil. The study also found that, during various event windows, specific variables had a significant impact on the CARs. Practical implications: The study suggests diversification and monitoring of geopolitical risks are key strategies for investors to enhance portfolio resilience during the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. This study identifies countries such as Poland, Egypt, Greece, Denmark and Portugal with positive or resilient market reactions, providing practical insights for strategic investment decisions. Key takeaways include identifying resilient markets, leveraging opportunistic strategies and navigating market dynamics during geopolitical uncertainties. Originality/value: As per the authors' thorough investigation and review of the literature, the present study is the earliest attempt to explore the short-term and long-term impact of the 2023 Israeli–Palestinian conflict on equity markets worldwide using the event study approach and cross-sectional regression analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to understand the opportunities and challenges for the global marketing field due to emergence of generative artificial intelligence and the need to reassess the constructs related to technology adoption theories. Given that this technology is so recent, there is a need to investigate this aspect. This study explores the influence of generative AI on various constructs from ten technology adoption theories, models, and approaches as they relate to the global marketing domain. This research study excludes other psychological and cross-cultural theories and constructs related to the domain. This study is unique for its wide range of implications toward the adoption of technology in global marketing initiatives because GenAI can assess consumer sentiment, which helps global marketers make accurate decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides two concrete examples of the opening of the Milanese art market to the international stage at the time of Gian Giacomo Poldi Pezzoli. The main focus is on the career of Giuseppe Baslini (1817–1887), the most important art dealer in nineteenth-century Milan. A true self-made man, Baslini entertained close relations with the most eminent Milanese collectors of the time, including Poldi Pezzoli and the Bagatti Valsecchi brothers; his success was secured by the international market on three major axes – London, Paris and Berlin. The second example concerns the family company of the Grandi art dealers, during the same years. In 1877 Baslini's brothers-in-law Carlo (1842–1914) and Antonio (1857–1923) Grandi inherited the company of their father, Antonio (1810–1877), which originally specialized in Old Master drawings and prints, but extended its interests to paintings and objets d'art soon after Baslini's death. The Grandi correspondence, preserved by the heirs and recently donated to the Fondo per l'Ambiente Italiano, has provided the opportunity to reconstruct their business, which had an international dimension from its inception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant part of the literature postulates the importance of economic factors and, in particular, market pressure as the main motivation for the adoption of environmental management systems, such as ISO 14001 (International Organization for Standardization). Most of these studies are based on questionnaire surveys assessing the perceptions or opinions of company managers. Few studies have investigated the relationship between the adoption of the standard and economic and financial performance using objective accounting data. This study aimed to test the link between ISO 14001 adoption and economic and financial performance using accounting data from 374 agrifood small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in Spain during the period 2013 to 2015. The results showed that ISO 14001 contributes to improved commercial and marketing performance through a positive effect on turnover in domestic markets and especially in export markets. However, no positive relationship could be found between ISO14001 and company results or profits. Therefore, ISO 14001 can be considered more as a means of entering and developing sales, particularly in export markets, than a tool to enhance financial profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses detailed data on exports from the European Union (EU-28) to non-EU countries to investigate the impact of global production fragmentation on the choice of transportation modes. The article finds a positive relationship between production fragmentation and air transportation. The study also finds that air transportation is more likely to be chosen for high-value products. Additionally, the positive effect of production fragmentation on the likelihood of using air transportation is more pronounced when goods are exported to medium-range markets, upper-middle-income countries, countries with better air transportation infrastructure, and time-sensitive products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study intends to (1) systematically review methodological, theoretical and empirical aspects of dynamic capabilities (DCs) research in international marketing; (2) identify problematic areas and gaps in the reviewed literature and (c) provide directions to address problematic aspects and fill the gaps in future research. Design/methodology/approach: The study applies a systematic literature review methodology and covers 97 articles published between 2001 and 2022 in peer-reviewed journals ranked 2, 3, 4 and 4* in the Academic Journal Guide 2021. Findings: The content analysis shows that (1) methodologically, the literature is dominated by single-country studies conducted mostly in Asia and Europe on a cross-section of industries, mostly adopting survey-based approaches with a cross-sectional time emphasis; (2) theoretically, dynamic capabilities view is mainly accompanied by resource-based view, followed by institutional-, organizational learning- and internationalization theories; and (3) according to the nomological network, DCs are predicted by firm-characteristics, factors related to networks/relationship/partnerships and managerial characteristics, while they act as predictors of performance-related, strategy-related and operational change and renewal-specific outcomes. Several problematic aspects and gaps for each part of the review are diagnosed. Originality/value: The authors provide a comprehensive assessment of current knowledge on methodological, theoretical and empirical aspects of the relevant literature, map a nomological network of variables surrounding DCs in international marketing research and offer future research directions capitalizing on the problems and gaps identified in the review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors influencing the development of social media marketing strategy in an international context. We specifically look at the potential drivers and barriers throughout the social media marketing strategy development process and how cultural differences shape social media marketing strategy decision-making among firms in international markets. Design/methodology/approach: The study is conducted with an inductive research approach involving in-depth interviews with 32 firms from Finland, China and Brazil. Using inductive data analysis, we identify both internal and external factors that drive and hinder the development of firms' social media marketing strategies. Moreover, we explore the essential elements in social media marketing strategy development based on the key practices observed among these firms, which enables us to conduct a comparative analysis of how cultural values influence the development of social media marketing strategies. Findings: Our findings underscore the importance of both internal (i.e. resources and capabilities) and external (i.e. market-level and country-level) factors that influence the development of social media marketing strategy. Our analysis also unveiled four key practices throughout the social media marketing strategy development process: social selling, content marketing, risk management and relationship management. Additionally, we identified three distinct mindsets regarding firms' social media selling objectives across companies in the three countries. Originality/value: The comparative approach provides novel insight into firms' international social media marketing strategy. Our proposed conceptual model shows the development process of social media marketing strategy in the international context. The research propositions highlight the role of cultural values and open up new avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian handicrafts have a long and illustrious history. However, the state of the artisans in India has been deplorable. Among all the bell metal crafts, one of the most ancient crafts dating back to the Harrapan civilisation. This study investigates the socio-economic conditions and marketing challenges faced by artisans. Using a sample rate of 30 per cent, data was collected through a field survey involving 100 respondents from a total of 320 artisans. In-depth interviews and focussed group discussions were conducted to gain insights. Based on existing literature, a clear concept of costs and returns is constructed and explored further. Results indicate that artisans are engaged nearly 90 days a year and earn around US $1300. Although there is a strong demand for these products in international and domestic markets, the artisans cannot cope with the production due to higher costs of raw materials and ancient production technologies. Marketing challenges in the form of intermediaries and connectivity to the markets act as significant hurdles. The study proposed a BELL model to integrate the current government programmes and cause a convergence in existing institutions to overcome the issues faced by the artisans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabinoids represent a highly researched group of plant-derived ingredients. The substantial investment of funds from state and commercial sources has facilitated a significant increase in knowledge about these ingredients. Cannabinoids can be classified into three principal categories: plant-derived phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids and endogenous cannabinoids, along with the enzymes responsible for their synthesis and degradation. All of these compounds interact biologically with type 1 (CB1) and/or type 2 (CB2) cannabinoid receptors. A substantial body of evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated that cannabinoids and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumour and antifibrotic properties with beneficial effects. This review, which spans the period from 1940 to 2024, offers an overview of the potential therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic cannabinoids. The development of these substances is essential for the global market of do-it-yourself drugs to fully exploit the promising therapeutic properties of cannabinoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis research intends to recognize antecedents of Xenocentrism and explore xenocentrism’s influence on brand preferences among Millennials. The study’s antecedents, identified through extant literature, are cultural openness, social factors, and lifestyle dimensions. The study focuses on an experimental research design and covers a sample of 250 respondents. The sampling frame for the survey is millennials of India. Exploratory factor analysis was adopted to identify the factors appropriate for the research. The regression result was adopted to explore the impact of moderating variable ‘demography’, ‘duration_of_stay in a foreign land’, between xenocentric tendency and brand preference. The ‘duration_of_stay in foreign land’ moderates the association between xenocentric tendency and consumers’ brand preferences. Thus, the acknowledged antecedents of Xenocentricity/Xenocentrism can support international marketing practitioners in formulating consumer decisions for definite target segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitization has carved out the migration patterns of immigrants over the recent years of increased technological interventions in human mobility. Migration infrastructures, which typically refer to the physical, commercial, humanitarian, and governmental modes of operation, are multidimensional in nature. Digital infrastructures are equally important to the physical ones as digital technologies facilitate these migration processes through agents like hardware, software, and mediating actors. Amongst the multiple forms of migration, the concept of return-writing and nostalgia-struck-returnees encompass individuals whose life trajectories run parallel to the homeland. The narrative of return to the homeland emerges aβs a dominant motif in literature due to the rising trends of globalization, the writers' reflection on their own migrant experiences, and publishing trends meeting the demand of the global book market. The objective is to assess the role of digital migration infrastructures in return migrations to India through a close reading of the selected texts and review of postcolonial literary theories by using conditional operation in Python. The study here explores the varied nuances of return migration with a primary focus on the external conditions of travel in migration literature. The paper aims to analyze the genre of return-writing in Indian English literature, through three novels over a period of two decades, i.e., from 2000-2023. The selected texts, beginning with Amit Chaudhuri's A New World (2000), Gun Island (2019) by Amitav Ghosh, and Devika Rege's novel Quarterlife (2023), offer a panoramic view of return migration. These novels are extensive in the time period of technological interventions and in depiction of return migration. The Python code examines the extent of existence of a set of digital migration infrastructure keywords by analyzing the content of the novels and creates bar plots and charts to offer a visual representation of the classification results. The resulting trend traces the increased intervention of Digital Migration Infrastructure in the recent migration literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the diffusion and network structure of hydrogen technology from 1980 to 2022. Hydrogen fuel cell technology has the shortest diffusion cycle and high global acceptance. Production technology shows significant global demand, particularly within regional patent families. In contrast, hydrogen storage and fuel cell technologies have more concentrated diffusion, indicating higher adaptation thresholds. Japanese firms are crucial in spreading storage and production technologies, while U.S. enhances diffusion through licensing and transfer. Hydrogen refrigeration technology exhibits a more dispersed bidirectional network. Hydrogen production and fuel cell technologies demonstrate notable activity and network scale in the global market. This research provides valuable insights into the global development of hydrogen technology. [Display omitted] • The evolution of hydrogen technology diffusion was evaluated from 1980 to 2022 using patent data. • Hydrogen fuel cell technology shows the shortest diffusion cycle, hydrogen storage and fuel cell technologies have concentrated diffusion in core countries. • Hydrogen production technology and hydrogen refrigeration technology exhibits broader diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The logistics sector has a very important role in driving Indonesia's economic growth. However, the national logistics system currently faces various obstacles that prevent it from reaching its full potential. Many challenges slow down the development of this sector. To overcome these obstacles, it is necessary to strengthen institutions that are able to integrate and optimize logistics performance throughout Indonesia. This research suggests the establishment of a National Supply Chain Agency as a solution to improve the coordination, efficiency, and effectiveness of the logistics system. The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the role and impact of the establishment of the National Supply Chain Agency on improving national logistics performance. This research uses a qualitative method with data collection from literature studies. The collected data were then analyzed through the stages of filtering, presenting, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the establishment of the National Supply Chain Agency is an important step to improve logistics performance in Indonesia. The agency is expected to address current challenges, such as inefficiency, high logistics costs, and distribution delays. Thus, the National Supply Chain Agency is proposed as a solution to improve the competitiveness of national logistics, both in the domestic and international markets, and contribute to sustainable economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the digital-based marketing strategy implemented by FranchiseGlobal.com in order to increase exposure, market penetration, and brand awareness in the franchise industry. Using qualitative descriptive methods and a case study approach, this study explores digital marketing strategies that utilize big data, digital platforms, and social media to reach potential franchisees. Data were obtained through interviews, documentation, and direct observation of FranchiseGlobal.com's marketing activities. The results of the study indicate that the digital marketing strategy implemented by FranchiseGlobal.com, both in the short, medium, and long term, has succeeded in increasing the number of website visitors and brand awareness, although there are still challenges in expanding penetration into international markets, especially ASEAN. This study concludes that digital-based marketing is a crucial component in developing a franchise business more widely and effectively, and provides recommendations for optimizing the use of big data and technological innovation in future marketing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the roles of those who mediate citizenship by investment (CBI) in Türkiye. Within the scope of the study, those who mediate the sale of CBI to foreigners in 8 cities were interviewed. The study revealed that the investment industry in Türkiye has multiple actors, and these actors invest in institutional infrastructure to improve their organizational capacity, and they have institutional and political connections. With these connections, intermediaries affect both the shaping of investment programmes and the socio-spatial mobilization of migrants within intertwined relations with the housing market. Based on all this information, it can be clearly stated that the intermediaries have a crucial role in the development of the global citizenship market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study investigates the impact of export market orientation on the success of successful exporting companies through the role of competitive intelligence. The primary objective of this research is to analyze how export market orientation affects export performance and the mediating role of competitive intelligence in this process. The research method is descriptive-correlational, and data were collected through standard questionnaires from 120 managers and marketing experts of exporting companies. The statistical sample includes 35 successful exporting companies in various industries. Data analysis results using structural equation modeling indicate that export market orientation has a direct and significant impact on the export success of companies. Additionally, competitive intelligence, as a strong mediator, enhances this relationship. These findings suggest that companies with stronger export market orientation and superior competitive intelligence perform better in international markets. This study, by providing a new conceptual model of the impact of export market orientation and competitive intelligence on export success, offers recommendations to managers of exporting companies for improving export strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the spillover effects of jumps and synthesized jumps from Chinese stock market for VIX forecasting. We adopt principal component analysis (PCA) and momentum of predictability (MoP) strategy to synthesize jumps, where jumps are detected based on six non-parametric methods. The results find that considering different jumps information can improve the forecasting accuracy of VIX, especially under MoP strategy, which indicates the existence of spillover effects from jumps of Chinese stock market to the international stock market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data-driven marketing has become a prominent strategic marketing approach, but it is prone to complex challenges, often referred as its dark side. The literature on data-driven marketing is dominated by its positive aspects, but there is an emerging literature stream focussing on its challenges. This study aims at contributing to this literature stream by providing an empirical study involving a holistic analysis of the undesirable effects of data-driven marketing using a systems thinking approach. The challenges faced by a New Zealand university in its international marketing using data-driven marketing is used as a case. Using 23 interviews, a systems model was developed, capturing the underlying structure behind these challenges. Eight interacting feedback loops were identified in the model, responsible for these complex challenges. A focus group was used to formulate three strategic interventions to address the complex challenges facing this organisation involved in data-driven marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a model of the global financial cycle with one key ingredient: the international demand for safe dollar assets. The model matches patterns of dollar borrowing and currency mismatch, the U.S. external balance sheet, exorbitant privilege, spillovers of the U.S. monetary policy to the rest of the world, and the dollar as a global risk factor. In doing so, we lay out a novel transmission mechanism through which the U.S. monetary policy affects the currency market and the global economy. The global financial cycle is a dollar cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The inclusion of rural smallholder farmers in the export of horticultural products has two major implications: increased household income through a promising global market, which is a catalyst for productivity, cumulatively growing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and foreign exchange. So far, there are an estimated 2500 smallholder farmers who participate in the export of horticulture in Kenya. As a result, the current study sought to establish the nexus between quality control practices by the small holder farmers and the growth of the horticultural export market in Kenya. The study collected quantitative data using a structured questionnaire from a sample of 334 smallscale horticultural farmers who were randomly selected. Validity and reliability tests were performed before the main study. Then, descriptive and simple linear regression was used to analyze the data. Quality control practices can be measured through the Pre-production measures, Production and post-production control measures. Findings indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between quality control practices and the growth of horticultural export markets. It was however observed that, there are weak quality control practices among the farmers which lead to non-conformities of products. This implies that the exports from Kenya become less attractive and make the smallholder farmers less competitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to argue that manufacturers with more exploration orientation (compared to exploitation orientation) have higher degrees of export marketing internalization (EMI) of branding and channels. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use a multisource survey collecting data from 161 Taiwanese high-tech manufacturers in emerging markets. Findings: The results show that manufacturers with more exploration orientation have higher degrees of EMI of both branding and channels. This work also reveals that relational ties with supply chain peers can strengthen this proposed positive effect on the EMI of channels while weakening the positive proposed effect on the EMI of branding. Originality/value: Accordingly, this study enriches the resource-based view (RBV) literature by showing how firms' unique resource portfolios affect their adopted EMI strategies in two ways: (1) firms design their EMI based on their value maximization of core competences (e.g. ambidexterity capability), and (2) firms face resource inconsistency when designing their EMI of different marketing activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economic Administrative & Legal Sciences is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyzes Netflix's dominant position in the OTT (Over-The-Top) service industry and its innovative role as a global media content platform. As one of the most widely recognized streaming platforms worldwide, Netflix enables millions of global users to access and consume a diverse range of content. By examining the structure of the global media content industry, this research delves into how Netflix rapidly established its competitive edge in the global market. The study highlights Netflix's unique characteristics, including global accessibility, original content production, data-driven strategies, diversity and inclusion, and the subscription model. These findings aim to provide strategic insights for digital service companies in developing effective competitive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-food segment of the Chinese seaweed market, which is crucial for developing the hydrocolloid industry, relies heavily on the seaweed supply from Chile, Peru, and, to a much lesser extent, Indonesia, in addition to domestic production. In this paper we investigate the degree of market integration between seaweed from these countries. We find that the market is highly integrated as the Law of One Price holds, suggesting a global market. Furthermore, the import price from Chile and Indonesia follows the lead of the import price from Peru. As the hydrocolloid industry develops in China, increased demand for seaweed from Chile and Peru is expected, which increases the extraction of seaweed from natural beds. This situation will be unsustainable if Chile and Peru continue to rely primarily on wild extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore mechanisms of the overseas marketing assets needed for marketing dynamic capability in Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) settings. Marketing assets of foreign subsidiaries contribute to the dynamic capability of MNEs, which are crucial for their sustained competitiveness. This kind of mechanism attracts much attention in academia and industry. However, there are few studies on how dynamic capabilities are developed in MNEs considering the organizational structure of geographically dispersed assets in multiple locations. This paper aims to examine the effect of knowledge-based and relational-based marketing assets on dynamic marketing capabilities and the mediating effect of customer orientation on Chinese MNEs. Design/methodology/approach: Integrating the dynamic capability approach and the international marketing literature, this study examines the impact of two types of marketing assets of foreign subsidiaries, focusing on knowledge-based and relationship-based marketing assets, on the dynamic marketing capabilities of Chinese MNEs. A large-scale empirical study of Chinese MNEs operating in overseas markets was performed, and the questionnaires were distributed and collected. Findings: The results suggest a positive impact of knowledge-based and relationship-based marketing assets on marketing dynamic capability. We find that customer orientation has a positive mediating effect on the relationship between marketing assets and marketing dynamic capability. We also find that the competitive strength of the overseas market negatively moderates this relationship. Research limitations/implications: This study aims to contribute to the existing literature with a more fine-grained understanding of marketing assets and marketing dynamic capability, then provides theoretical guidance and management suggestions for the formulation and implementation of internationalization strategies of Chinese MNEs. Practical implications: The findings outline several important implications for MNEs seeking into expand to overseas markets. Originality/value: This paper contributes a novel, combined perspective on marketing assets and marketing dynamic capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the prominence given to firm-level international experience (IE), there is a dearth of comprehensive and unified conceptualizations of this concept in the literature. This problem necessitates a targeted study to investigate IE, compile its common conceptualization methods, and integrate the existing literature with a new comprehensive approach. The author aims to achieve this by employing Dewey's philosophy to define IE, reviewing 306 high-quality articles to extract extant approaches to the concept, and integrating these results to provide a new conceptualization. This article supports situations as generators of experience and demonstrates that previous approaches primarily focus on only some aspects of IE, overlooking the phenomenon as a whole. The new IE conceptualization is a seven-dimensional construct that includes length, breadth, depth, intensity, diversity, complexity, and echo. Additionally, the author discusses that IE can be analyzed at six levels depending on its origin (entry mode specific, international marketing specific, or both) and geographical scope (regional vs. global). The results provide a robust foundation for scholars and managers aiming to investigate and explore the realm of experiential knowledge and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research note is to suggest photovoice as a methodology to enhance and vivify marginalized voices in marketing research. Specifically, the focus is on LGBTQ+ consumer perspectives during one of the most visible times for this marketing segment: Pride Month. Photovoice is an opportunity for researchers to ask for viewpoints and incorporate consumer perspectives into social marketing research. It puts the researcher in the role of a guide through the research process, while participants lead the data collection, definitions, and analysis through their own images so new voices and perspectives are centered. It is the intention of this article to be a catalyst for encouraging both scholars and practitioners to conduct future photovoice studies in international market research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marketing literature has long recognized the positive relationship between advertising spending and sales at the firm level. However, this literature overlooks country-level heterogeneity of both the advertising channel and retail format evolution, limiting global managers' understanding of the heterogeneity and evolution of advertising channels and retail formats across country markets and, therefore, managers' ability to effectively formulate a global marketing strategy that adjusts for such differences. The authors call for a glocal approach when considering the association between ad spend by media channels and retail format sales at the country level, accounting for country institutional environments. They explore this topic using a 29-country, seven-year unbalanced panel data set. The authors find that there is substantive heterogeneity in ad spend by media channels and retail format sales across countries. Further, they find that changes in ad spend in specific media channels are positively associated with changes in related retail format sales at the country level, whereas the associations between changes in ad spend in media channels with unrelated retail format sales are more nuanced. The findings are informative to international marketing managers navigating the complex and ever-evolving retail landscape and highlight the importance of thinking globally while acting locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]