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1. Enhanced Astronomical Source Classification with Integration of Attention Mechanisms and Vision Transformers

Author

Bhavanam, Srinadh Reddy, Channappayya, Sumohana S., Srijith, P. K., and Desai, Shantanu

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Accurate classification of celestial objects is essential for advancing our understanding of the universe. MargNet is a recently developed deep learning-based classifier applied to SDSS DR16 dataset to segregate stars, quasars, and compact galaxies using photometric data. MargNet utilizes a stacked architecture, combining a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for image modelling and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for modelling photometric parameters. In this study, we propose enhancing MargNet's performance by incorporating attention mechanisms and Vision Transformer (ViT)-based models for processing image data. The attention mechanism allows the model to focus on relevant features and capture intricate patterns within images, effectively distinguishing between different classes of celestial objects. Additionally, we leverage ViTs, a transformer-based deep learning architecture renowned for exceptional performance in image classification tasks. We enhance the model's understanding of complex astronomical images by utilizing ViT's ability to capture global dependencies and contextual information. Our approach uses a curated dataset comprising 240,000 compact and 150,000 faint objects. The models learn classification directly from the data, minimizing human intervention. Furthermore, we explore ViT as a hybrid architecture that uses photometric features and images together as input to predict astronomical objects. Our results demonstrate that the proposed attention mechanism augmented CNN in MargNet marginally outperforms the traditional MargNet and the proposed ViT-based MargNet models. Additionally, the ViT-based hybrid model emerges as the most lightweight and easy-to-train model with classification accuracy similar to that of the best-performing attention-enhanced MargNet., Comment: 33 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in APSS

Published
2024
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2. Natural convection in the cytoplasm: Theoretical predictions of buoyancy-driven flows inside a cell

Author

Desai, Nikhil, Liao, Weida, and Lauga, Eric

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

The existence of temperature gradients within eukaryotic cells has been postulated as a source of natural convection in the cytoplasm, i.e. bulk fluid motion as a result of temperature-difference-induced density gradients. Recent computations have predicted that a temperature differential of $\Delta T \approx 1$ K between the cell nucleus and the cell membrane could be strong enough to drive significant intracellular material transport. We use numerical computations and theoretical calculations to revisit this problem in order to further understand the impact of temperature gradients on flow generation and advective transport within cells. Surprisingly, our computations yield flows that are an order of magnitude weaker than those obtained previously for the same relative size and position of the nucleus with respect to the cell membrane. To understand this discrepancy, we develop a semi-analytical solution of the convective flow inside a model cell using a bi-spherical coordinate framework, for the case of an axisymmetric cell geometry (i.e. when the displacement of the nucleus from the cell centre is aligned with gravity). We also calculate exact solutions for the flow when the nucleus is located concentrically inside the cell. The results from both theoretical analyses agree with our numerical results, thus providing a robust estimate of the strength of cytoplasmic natural convection and demonstrating that these are much weaker than previously predicted. Finally, we investigate the ability of the aforementioned flows to redistribute solute within a cell. Our calculations reveal that, in all but unrealistic cases, cytoplasmic convection has a negligible contribution toward enhancing the diffusion-dominated mass transfer of cellular material.

Published
2024
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3. A test for the redshift dependence of $\sigma_8$ using $f\sigma_8$ measurements

Author

Manna, Siddhant and Desai, Shantanu

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We search for a redshift dependence of $\sigma_8^0$ using 23 growth rate measurements from redshift space distortions and peculiar velocity measurements as a consistency check of $\Lambda$CDM. For this purpose we use the dataset from arXiv:1806.10822 consisting of 22 measurements, which has been vetted for internal consistencies. Eighteen of these measurements have been obtained from the Gold-2017 sample, collated from multiple redshift space distortion surveys between 2009 and 2016, whereas the remaining four have been obtained from the eBOSS DR14 quasar survey. We also added one additional data point from the BOSS DR12 CMASS galaxy sample. We find that for this dataset the $\sigma_8^0$ values are consistent between the low redshift and high redshift samples using three different redshift cuts. This implies that the growth rate measurements are consistent with a constant $\sigma_8^0$ in accord with $\Lambda$CDM, assuming there are no uncontrolled systematics in this dataset., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in EPJC

Published
2024
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4. The Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program: Investigating Beyond-$\Lambda$CDM

Author

Camilleri, R., Davis, T. M., Vincenzi, M., Shah, P., Frieman, J., Kessler, R., Armstrong, P., Brout, D., Carr, A., Chen, R., Galbany, L., Glazebrook, K., Hinton, S. R., Lee, J., Lidman, C., Möller, A., Popovic, B., Qu, H., Sako, M., Scolnic, D., Smith, M., Sullivan, M., Sánchez, B. O., Taylor, G., Toy, M., Wiseman, P., Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Alves, O., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bacon, D., Bertin, E., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Doux, C., Everett, S., Ferrero, I., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., García-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., Gaztanaga, E., Giannini, G., Gruen, D., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Lee, S., Marshall, J. L., Mena-Fernández, J., Miquel, R., Muir, J., Myles, J., Ogando, R. L. C., Pieres, A., Malagón, A. A. Plazas, Porredon, A., Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Sanchez, E., Cid, D. Sanchez, Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Walker, A. R., and Weaverdyck, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We report constraints on a variety of non-standard cosmological models using the full 5-year photometrically-classified type Ia supernova sample from the Dark Energy Survey (DES-SN5YR). Both Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Suspiciousness calculations find no strong evidence for or against any of the non-standard models we explore. When combined with external probes, the AIC and Suspiciousness agree that 11 of the 15 models are moderately preferred over Flat-$\Lambda$CDM suggesting additional flexibility in our cosmological models may be required beyond the cosmological constant. We also provide a detailed discussion of all cosmological assumptions that appear in the DES supernova cosmology analyses, evaluate their impact, and provide guidance on using the DES Hubble diagram to test non-standard models. An approximate cosmological model, used to perform bias corrections to the data holds the biggest potential for harbouring cosmological assumptions. We show that even if the approximate cosmological model is constructed with a matter density shifted by $\Delta\Omega_m\sim0.2$ from the true matter density of a simulated data set the bias that arises is sub-dominant to statistical uncertainties. Nevertheless, we present and validate a methodology to reduce this bias., Comment: Published to MNRAS on 20 August 2024; v2 updates to the accepted version

Published
2024
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5. Exploration of mass splitting and muon/tau mixing parameters for an eV-scale sterile neutrino with IceCube

Author

Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Agarwalla, S. K., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Alameddine, J. M., Amin, N. M., Andeen, K., Argüelles, C., Ashida, Y., Athanasiadou, S., Ausborm, L., Axani, S. N., Bai, X., V., A. Balagopal, Baricevic, M., Barwick, S. W., Bash, S., Basu, V., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Tjus, J. Becker, Beise, J., Bellenghi, C., Benning, C., BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Blaufuss, E., Bloom, L., Blot, S., Bontempo, F., Motzkin, J. Y. Book, Meneguolo, C. Boscolo, Böser, S., Botner, O., Böttcher, J., Braun, J., Brinson, B., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Brusa, L., Burley, R. T., Butterfield, D., Campana, M. A., Caracas, I., Carloni, K., Carpio, J., Chattopadhyay, S., Chau, N., Chen, Z., Chirkin, D., Choi, S., Clark, B. A., Coleman, A., Collin, G. H., Connolly, A., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Corley, R., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Dave, P., De Clercq, C., DeLaunay, J. J., Delgado, D., Deng, S., Desai, A., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., DeYoung, T., Diaz, A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dierichs, P., Dittmer, M., Domi, A., Draper, L., Dujmovic, H., Dutta, K., DuVernois, M. A., Ehrhardt, T., Eidenschink, L., Eimer, A., Eller, P., Ellinger, E., Mentawi, S. El, Elsässer, D., Engel, R., Erpenbeck, H., Evans, J., Evenson, P. A., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Farrag, K., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feigl, N., Fiedlschuster, S., Finley, C., Fischer, L., Fox, D., Franckowiak, A., Fukami, S., Fürst, P., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garcia, A., Garcia, M., Garg, G., Genton, E., Gerhardt, L., Ghadimi, A., Girard-Carillo, C., Glaser, C., Glüsenkamp, T., Gonzalez, J. G., Goswami, S., Granados, A., Grant, D., Gray, S. J., Gries, O., Griffin, S., Griswold, S., Groth, K. M., Günther, C., Gutjahr, P., Ha, C., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Hamdaoui, H., Minh, M. Ha, Handt, M., Hanson, K., Hardin, J., Harnisch, A. A., Hatch, P., Haungs, A., Häußler, J., Helbing, K., Hellrung, J., Hermannsgabner, J., Heuermann, L., Heyer, N., Hickford, S., Hidvegi, A., Hill, C., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hori, S., Hoshina, K., Hostert, M., Hou, W., Huber, T., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., Hymon, K., Ishihara, A., Iwakiri, W., Jacquart, M., Jain, S., Janik, O., Jansson, M., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jin, M., Jones, B. J. P., Kamp, N., Kang, D., Kang, W., Kang, X., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Kardum, L., Karg, T., Karl, M., Karle, A., Katil, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Kelley, J. L., Khanal, M., Zathul, A. Khatee, Kheirandish, A., Kiryluk, J., Klein, S. R., Kochocki, A., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Kontrimas, T., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Koskinen, D. J., Koundal, P., Kovacevich, M., Kowalski, M., Kozynets, T., Krishnamoorthi, J., Kruiswijk, K., Krupczak, E., Kumar, A., Kun, E., Kurahashi, N., Lad, N., Gualda, C. Lagunas, Lamoureux, M., Larson, M. J., Latseva, S., Lauber, F., Lazar, J. P., Lee, J. W., DeHolton, K. Leonard, Leszczyńska, A., Liao, J., Lincetto, M., Liu, Y. T., Liubarska, M., Love, C., Mariscal, C. J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucarelli, F., Luszczak, W., Lyu, Y., Madsen, J., Magnus, E., Mahn, K. B. M., Makino, Y., Manao, E., Mancina, S., Sainte, W. Marie, Mariş, I. C., Marka, S., Marka, Z., Marsee, M., Martinez-Soler, I., Maruyama, R., Mayhew, F., McNally, F., Mead, J. V., Meagher, K., Mechbal, S., Medina, A., Meier, M., Merckx, Y., Merten, L., Micallef, J., Mitchell, J., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Morii, Y., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Mukherjee, T., Naab, R., Nagai, R., Nakos, M., Naumann, U., Necker, J., Negi, A., Neste, L., Neumann, M., Niederhausen, H., Nisa, M. U., Noda, K., Noell, A., Novikov, A., Pollmann, A. Obertacke, O'Dell, V., Oeyen, B., Olivas, A., Orsoe, R., Osborn, J., O'Sullivan, E., Palusova, V., Pandya, H., Park, N., Parker, G. K., Paudel, E. N., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pernice, T., Peterson, J., Philippen, S., Pizzuto, A., Plum, M., Pontén, A., Popovych, Y., Rodriguez, M. Prado, Pries, B., Procter-Murphy, R., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Rack-Helleis, J., Ravn, M., Rawlins, K., Rechav, Z., Rehman, A., Reichherzer, P., Resconi, E., Reusch, S., Rhode, W., Riedel, B., Rifaie, A., Roberts, E. J., Robertson, S., Rodan, S., Roellinghoff, G., Rongen, M., Rosted, A., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ruohan, L., Ryckbosch, D., Safa, I., Saffer, J., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sampathkumar, P., Sandrock, A., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Savelberg, J., Savina, P., Schaile, P., Schaufel, M., Schieler, H., Schindler, S., Schlickmann, L., Schlüter, B., Schlüter, F., Schmeisser, N., Schmidt, T., Schneider, J., Schröder, F. G., Schumacher, L., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seikh, M., Seo, M., Seunarine, S., Myhr, P. Sevle, Shah, R., Shefali, S., Shimizu, N., Silva, M., Skrzypek, B., Smithers, B., Snihur, R., Soedingrekso, J., Søgaard, A., Soldin, D., Soldin, P., Sommani, G., Spannfellner, C., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stezelberger, T., Stürwald, T., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Thiesmeyer, M., Thompson, W. G., Thwaites, J., Tilav, S., Tollefson, K., Tönnis, C., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Trettin, A., Turcotte, R., Twagirayezu, J. P., Elorrieta, M. A. Unland, Upadhyay, A. K., Upshaw, K., Vaidyanathan, A., Valtonen-Mattila, N., Vandenbroucke, J., van Eijndhoven, N., Vannerom, D., van Santen, J., Vara, J., Varsi, F., Veitch-Michaelis, J., Venugopal, M., Vereecken, M., Verpoest, S., Veske, D., Vijai, A., Walck, C., Wang, A., Weaver, C., Weigel, P., Weindl, A., Weldert, J., Wen, A. Y., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Weyrauch, M., Whitehorn, N., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Witthaus, L., Wolf, A., Wolf, M., Wrede, G., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yildizci, E., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Yu, S., Yuan, T., Zhang, Z., Zhelnin, P., Zilberman, P., and Zimmerman, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present the first three-parameter fit to a 3+1 sterile neutrino model using 7.634 years of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory on $\nu_\mu+\overline{\nu}_\mu$ charged-current interactions in the energy range 500--9976 GeV. Our analysis is sensitive to the mass-squared splitting between the heaviest and lightest mass state ($\Delta m_{41}^2$), the mixing matrix element connecting muon flavor to the fourth mass state ($|U_{\mu4}|^2$), and the element connecting tau flavor to the fourth mass state ($|U_{\tau4}|^2$). Predicted propagation effects in matter enhance the signature through a resonance as atmospheric neutrinos from the Northern Hemisphere traverse the Earth to the IceCube detector at the South Pole. The remaining sterile neutrino matrix elements are left fixed, with $|U_{e4}|^2= 0$ and $\delta_{14}=0$, as they have a negligible effect, and $\delta_{24}=\pi$ is set to give the most conservative limits. The result is consistent with the no-sterile neutrino hypothesis with a probability of 4.3%. Profiling the likelihood of each parameter yields the 90\% confidence levels: $ 2.4\,\mathrm{eV}^{2} < \Delta m_{41}^2 <9.6\,\mathrm{eV}^{2} $ , $0.0081 < |U_{\mu4}|^2 < 0.10$ , and $|U_{\tau4}|^2< 0.035$, which narrows the allowed parameter-space for $|U_{\tau4}|^2$. However, the primary result of this analysis is the first map of the 3+1 parameter space exploring the interdependence of $\Delta m_{41}^2$, $|U_{\mu4}|^2$, and $|U_{\tau4}|^2$., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures. Published in PLB

Published
2024
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6. Saturation-Informed Current-Limiting Control for Grid-Forming Converters

Author

Desai, Maitraya Avadhut, He, Xiuqiang, Huang, Linbin, and Dörfler, Florian

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the transient stability of a state-of-the-art grid-forming complex-droop control (i.e., dispatchable virtual oscillator control, dVOC) under current saturation. We quantify the saturation level of a converter by introducing the concept of degree of saturation (DoS), and we propose a provably stable current-limiting control with saturation-informed feedback, which feeds the degree of saturation back to the inner voltage-control loop and the outer grid-forming loop. As a result, although the output current is saturated, the voltage phase angle can still be generated from an internal virtual voltage-source node that is governed by an equivalent complex-droop control. We prove that the proposed control achieves transient stability during current saturation under grid faults. We also provide parametric stability conditions for multi-converter systems under grid-connected and islanded scenarios. The stability performance of the current-limiting control is validated with various case studies.

Published
2024
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7. Calibration of VELC detectors on-board Aditya-L1 mission

Author

Mishra, Shalabh, Raja, K. Sasikumar, U, Sanal Krishnan V, Narra, Venkata Suresh, S, Bhavana Hegde, D., Utkarsha, Priyal V, Muthu, S, Pawan Kumar, V, Natarajan, B, Raghavendra Prasad, Singh, Jagdev, P, Umesh Kamath, S, Kathiravan, T, Vishnu, Suresha, P, Savarimuthu, Desai, Jalshri H, Kumaran, Rajiv, Sagar, Shiv, Kumar, Sumit, Bamrah, Inderjeet Singh, and Kumar, Amit

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Aditya-L1 is the first Indian space mission to explore the Sun and solar atmosphere with seven multi-wavelength payloads, with Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) being the prime payload. It is an internally occulted coronagraph with four channels to image the Sun at 5000 \AA~ in the field of view 1.05 - 3 \rsun, and to pursue spectroscopy at 5303 \AA, 7892 \AA~ and 10747 \AA~ channels in the FOV (1.05 - 1.5 \rsun). In addition, spectropolarimetry is planned at 10747 \AA~ channel. Therefore, VELC has three sCMOS detectors and one InGaAs detector. In this article, we aim to describe the technical details and specifications of the detectors achieved by way of thermo-vacuum calibration at the CREST campus of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India. Furthermore, we report the estimated conversion gain, full-well capacity, and readout noise at different temperatures. Based on the numbers, it is thus concluded that it is essential to operate the sCMOS detectors and InGaAs detectors at $-5^{\circ}$ and $-17^{\circ}$ C, respectively, at the spacecraft level., Comment: Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy; 13 Pages, 5 Figures and 8 Tables

Published
2024
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9. Computational Modeling Approaches Applied to Public and Environmental Health

Author

Ruiz, Patricia, Zarus, Gregory, and Desai, Siddhi

Subjects
Environmental health -- Research, Environment -- Research, Public health -- Research, Computer simulation -- Methods, Computer-generated environments -- Methods
Abstract

Editor's Note: As part of our continued effort to highlight innovative approaches to improve the health and environment of communities, the Journal is pleased to publish regular columns from the [...]

Published
2024

10. Spectrum of Clinical Variability with SEPT9 Gene Mutation in Hereditary Neuralgic Amyotrophy: Understanding the Pathogenesis Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study

Author

Bhatti, Amit, Ravat, Sangeeta, Desai, Karan, Shekhar, Bipin R, Menon, Shyla R, Kumbhar, Bajarang V, Kunwar, Ambarish, Jain, Neeraj, and Das, Dhanjit K

Subjects
Gene mutations -- Analysis, Molecular dynamics -- Analysis, Brachial plexus neuritis -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Genetic aspects
Abstract

Background: Hereditary Neuralgic Amyotrophy (HNA) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by episodes of severe pain and amyotrophy affecting the brachial plexus as well as other sites. Mutations in the SEPTIN9 gene have been identified as genetic abnormality for HNA. Although the genetic mutations are known, their pathogenesis for the causation of this disorder is not exactly elucidated. Objective: In this study, we have investigated the phenotypic and genetic features in a large pedigree with HNA. Methods: We report the clinical spectrum and genetic analysis of a family with 9 affected members. Clinical heterogeneity has been reported in the individuals having mutations in SEPTIN9 gene. After taking informed consent, we have done genetic analysis of 6 affected and 4 unaffected members of the family to identify the molecular abnormalities of SEPTIN9 gene. Results and Conclusions: Genetic analysis has identified the presence of NM_001113491.2:p.Arg106Trp mutation in SEPTIN9 gene. The same mutation has been identified in 6 affected members of the family. Molecular simulation study has revealed that the mutation has significantly altered the conformation of septin-9 protein, thereby impairing the microtubule binding and bundling ability. Although the affected members shared a common recurrent mutation, they have a wide spectrum of clinical variability. This may be due to the variable penetrance of the mutation and different epigenetic influences in the family. This is the first genetically confirmed case series of HNA reported from India. Keywords: Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy, HNA, mutation, SEPT9, septin-9, Author(s): Amit Bhatti [1]; Sangeeta Ravat [1]; Karan Desai [1]; Bipin R Shekhar [2]; Shyla R Menon [2]; Bajarang V Kumbhar [3]; Ambarish Kunwar [3]; Neeraj Jain [1]; Dhanjit K [...]

Published
2024
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11. District-level monitoring of universal health coverage, India/Suivi de la couverture sanitaire universelle par district en Inde/Seguimiento de la cobertura sanitaria universal en los distritos de India

Author

Mukherji, Arnab, Rao, Megha, Desai, Sapna, Subramanian, S.V., Kang, Gagandeep, and Patel, Vikram

Subjects
Company business management, World health -- Management, National health insurance -- Management
Abstract

Objective To develop a framework and index for measuring universal health coverage (UHC) at the district level in India and to assess progress towards UHC in the districts. Methods We adapted the framework of the World Health Organization and World Bank to develop a district-level UHC index ([UHC.sub.d]). We used routinely collected health survey and programme data in India to calculate [UHC.sub.d] for 687 districts from geometric means of 24 tracer indicators in five tracer domains: reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health; infectious diseases; noncommunicable diseases; service capacity and access; and financial risk protection. [UHC.sub.d] is on a scale of 0% to 100%, with higher scores indicating better performance. We also assessed the degree of inequality within districts using a subset of 14 tracer indicators. The disadvantaged subgroups were based on four inequality dimensions: wealth quintile, urban-rural location, religion and social group. Findings The median [UHC.sub.d] was 43.9% (range: 26.4 to 69.4). Substantial geographical differences existed, with districts in southern states having higher [UHC.sub.d] than elsewhere in India. Service coverage indicator levels were greater than 60%, except for noncommunicable diseases and for service capacity and access. Health insurance coverage was limited, with about 10% of the population facing catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditure. Substantial wealth-based disparities in UHC were seen within districts. Conclusion Our study shows that UHC can be measured at the local level and can help national and subnational government develop prioritization frameworks by identifying health-care delivery and geographic hotspots where limited progress towards UHC is being made. Objectif Elaborer un cadre et un Indice servant a mesurer la couverture sanitaire universelle (CSU) a l&apos;echelle des districts en Inde, et evaluer les progres effectues dans ce domaine. Methodes Nous avons adapte le cadre de l&apos;Organisation mondiale de la Sante et de la Banque mondiale pour mettre au point un indice de CSU par district ([CSU.sub.d]). Nous avons utilise des donnees recueillies systematiquement dans le cadre d&apos;un programme et d&apos;une enquete sur la sante en Inde pour calculer le [CSU.sub.d] de 687 districts, en partant des moyennes geometriques de 24 indicateurs tracants relevant de cinq categories: sante reproductive, maternelle, neonatale et infantile; maladies infectieuses; maladies non transmissibles; capacite et acces aux services; et enfin, protection contre les risques financiers. Le [CSU.sub.d] est compris entre 0 et 100%, les scores les plus eleves indiquant de meilleures performances. Nous avons egalement evalue le degre d&apos;inegalite au sein des districts a l&apos;aide d&apos;un sous-ensemble de 14 indicateurs tracants. Les sous-groupes defavorises reposaient sur quatre formes d&apos;inegalite: quintiles de richesse, implantation urbaine ou rurale, groupe religieux et groupe social. Resultats Le [CSU.sub.d] median etait de 43,9% (ecart: 26,4 a 69,4). Nous avons observe des variations geographiques considerables, les districts des Etats du sud affichant un meilleur [CSU.sub.d] que partout ailleurs en Inde. Lindicateur relatif a la couverture des services depassait les 60%, saufpour les maladies non transmissibles ou encore la capacite et l&apos;acces aux services. De son cote, la couverture d&apos;assurance-maladie etait limitee, environ 10% de la population etant confrontee a des depenses de sante catastrophiques entrainant un appauvrissement. Enfin, d&apos;importantes disparites dans la CSU ont ete constatees a l&apos;interieur des districts. Conclusion Notre etude montre que la CSU peut etre mesuree a l&apos;echelle locale, ce qui peut aider les autorites locales et nationales a hierarchiser les priorites en identifiant les prestations de soins de sante et les zones geographiques a risque ou l&apos;evolution vers une CSU se fait attendre. Objetivo Desarrollar un marco y un indice para medir la cobertura sanitaria universal (CSU) a nivel de distrito en India y evaluar los avances hacia la CSU en los distritos. Metodos Se adapto el marco de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud y del Banco Mundial para desarrollar un indice de cobertura sanitaria universal a nivel de distrito ([CSU.sub.d]). Se utilizaron datos de encuestas y programas de salud recopilados sistematicamente en India para calcular el [CSU.sub.d] de 687 distritos a partir de medias geometricas de 24 indicadores de seguimiento en cinco ambitos de seguimiento: salud reproductiva, materna, neonatal e infantil; enfermedades infecciosas; enfermedades no transmisibles; capacidad y acceso a los servicios; y proteccion contra riesgos financieros. El CSU, esta en una escala de 0 a 100%, y los puntajes mas altos indican un mejor desempeno. Tambien se evaluo el grado de desigualdad dentro de los distritos utilizando un subconjunto de 14 indicadores de seguimiento. Los subgrupos desfavorecidos se basaron en cuatro dimensiones de desigualdad: quintil de riqueza, ubicacion urbano-rural, religion y grupo social. Resultados El promedio de [CSU.sub.d] fue del 43,9% (rango: 26,4 a 69,4). Existian diferencias geograficas significativas: los distritos de los estados del sur tenian un [CSU.sub.d] mas alto que los del resto de India. Los niveles de los indicadores de cobertura de servicios eran superiores al 60%, excepto para las enfermedades no transmisibles y para la capacidad y el acceso a los servicios. La cobertura del seguro sanitario era limitada, y alrededor del 10% de la poblacion se enfrentaba a gastos sanitarios catastroficos y empobrecedores. Se observaron disparidades significativas en la CSU segun el nivel de riqueza dentro de los distritos. Conclusion Este estudio demuestra que la CSU puede medirse a escala local y puede ayudar a los gobiernos nacionales y subnacionales a desarrollar marcos de priorizacion mediante la identificacion de los puntos criticos geograficos y de prestacion de asistencia sanitaria en los que los avances hacia la CSU son limitados., Introduction Universal health coverage (UHC) has emerged as a major goal in global health within the post-2015 millennium development agenda. (1) The objectives of UHC are typically defined by three [...]

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2024
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12. External Quality Assurance Helps Improve Infrastructure for Testing Breast Biomarkers Across a Lower- and Middle-Income Country: Our Experience With Breast Biomarker Testing in the National Cancer Grid External Quality Assurance System in India

Author

Shet, Tanuja, Tambe, Sonali, Phadatare, Nitin, Panjwani, Poonam, Desai, Sangeeta, Sengar, Manju, and Pramesh, C.S.

Subjects
Quality control, Immunohistochemistry -- Methods, Breast cancer -- Physiological aspects -- Care and treatment, Biological markers -- Evaluation, Quality control -- Methods
Abstract

* Context.--Biomarkers in breast cancer need strict monitoring given their role in patient management. Objective.--To study the impact that regular participation in the National Cancer Grid (NCG) external quality assurance (EQA) system has on concordance rates for biomarkers in breast carcinoma. Design.--Tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing breast carcinomas were circulated to participating laboratories that performed immunohistochemistry for breast biomarkers. The returned TMAs were then assessed for test concordance. Results.--A total of 105 laboratories participated in the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) EQA system cycles, and 99 centers participated in the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) EQA system. In the ER EQA in the first cycle only 1 laboratory had a 100% concordance rate, which improved to 59 of 77 (76.6%) and 85 of 97 (87.6%) in the fourth and fifth cycles, respectively. In the PR EQA the 100% pass rate jumped from zero to 52 of 76 (68.4%) in the fourth cycle and 86 of 97 (88.6%) in the last cycle. For HER2 EQA, the 100% pass rates were seen in 7 of 23 laboratories (30.4%) in the first cycle, 49 of 78 laboratories (62.8%) in the fourth cycle, and 48 of 94 laboratories (51.1%) in fifth cycle of EQA. Centers that participated in the NCG EQA system for a longer period often changed testing methodology, with consequent improvement in their laboratory concordance rates. An increasing trend for the use of automated platforms and of the US Food and Drug Administration-approved antibody for HER2 testing was observed. Conclusions.--Our experience demonstrates that laboratory performance improves with participation in an EQA system even in less perfect settings, and this drives the placement of more proficient practices across the country. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2024;148:1028-1034; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0260-OA), Biomarker testing is at the crux of the successful management of patients with breast cancer. However, an estimation of approximately 20% of results for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor [...]

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2024
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18. Multiomic profiling identifies predictors of survival in African American patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Author

Stiff, Andrew, Fornerod, Maarten, Kain, Bailee N., Nicolet, Deedra, Kelly, Benjamin J., Miller, Katherine E., Mrózek, Krzysztof, Boateng, Isaiah, Bollas, Audrey, Garfinkle, Elizabeth A. R., Momoh, Omolegho, Fasola, Foluke A., Olawumi, Hannah O., Mencia-Trinchant, Nuria, Kloppers, Jean F., van Marle, Anne-Cecilia, Hu, Eileen, Wijeratne, Saranga, Wheeler, Gregory, Walker, Christopher J., Buss, Jill, Heyrosa, Adrienne, Desai, Helee, Laganson, Andrea, Hamp, Ethan, Abu-Shihab, Yazan, Abaza, Hasan, Kronen, Parker, Sen, Sidharth, Johnstone, Megan E., Quinn, Kate, Wronowski, Ben, Hertlein, Erin, Miles, Linde A., Mims, Alice S., Oakes, Christopher C., Blachly, James S., Larkin, Karilyn T., Mundy-Bosse, Bethany, Carroll, Andrew J., Powell, Bayard L., Kolitz, Jonathan E., Stone, Richard M., Duarte, Cassandra, Abbott, Diana, Amaya, Maria L., Jordan, Craig T., Uy, Geoffrey L., Stock, Wendy, Archer, Kellie J., Paskett, Electra D., Guzman, Monica L., Levine, Ross L., Menghrajani, Kamal, Chakravarty, Debyani, Berger, Michael F., Bottomly, Daniel, McWeeney, Shannon K., Tyner, Jeffrey W., Byrd, John C., Salomonis, Nathan, Grimes, H. Leighton, Mardis, Elaine R., and Eisfeld, Ann-Kathrin

Published
2024
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21. Acceptance of emerging renal oncocytic neoplasms: a survey of urologic pathologists

Author

Mohanty, Sambit K., Lobo, Anandi, Jha, Shilpy, Sangoi, Ankur R., Akgul, Mahmut, Trpkov, Kiril, Hes, Ondrej, Mehra, Rohit, Hirsch, Michelle S., Moch, Holger, Smith, Steven C., Shah, Rajal B., Cheng, Liang, Amin, Mahul B., Epstein, Jonathan I., Parwani, Anil V., Delahunt, Brett, Desai, Sangeeta, Przybycin, Christopher G., Manini, Claudia, Luthringer, Daniel J., Sirohi, Deepika, Jain, Deepika, Midha, Divya, Jain, Ekta, Maclean, Fiona, Giannico, Giovanna A., Paner, Gladell P., Martignoni, Guido, Al-Ahmadie, Hikmat A., McKenney, Jesse, Srigley, John R., Lopez, Jose Ignacio, Kunju, L. Priya, Browning, Lisa, Aron, Manju, Picken, Maria M., Tretiakova, Maria, Zhou, Ming, Sable, Mukund, Kuroda, Naoto, Pattnaik, Niharika, Gupta, Nilesh S., Rao, Priya, Fine, Samson W., Mishra, Pritinanda, Adhya, Amit K., Kulkarni, Bijal N., Dixit, Mallika, Baisakh, Manas R., Arora, Samriti, Sancheti, Sankalp, Menon, Santosh, Wobker, Sara E., Tickoo, Satish K., Kaushal, Seema, Soni, Shailesh, Kandukuri, Shivani, Sharma, Shivani, Mitra, Suvradeep, Reuter, Victor E., Malik, Vipra, Rao, Vishal, Chen, Ying-Bei, and Williamson, Sean R.

Published
2024
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27. BCL11A intellectual developmental disorder: defining the clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations

Author

Peron, Angela, D’Arco, Felice, Aldinger, Kimberly A., Smith-Hicks, Constance, Zweier, Christiane, Gradek, Gyri A., Bradbury, Kimberley, Accogli, Andrea, Andersen, Erica F., Au, Ping Yee Billie, Battini, Roberta, Beleford, Daniah, Bird, Lynne M., Bouman, Arjan, Bruel, Ange-Line, Busk, Øyvind Løvold, Campeau, Philippe M., Capra, Valeria, Carlston, Colleen, Carmichael, Jenny, Chassevent, Anna, Clayton-Smith, Jill, Bamshad, Michael J., Earl, Dawn L., Faivre, Laurence, Philippe, Christophe, Ferreira, Patrick, Graul-Neumann, Luitgard, Green, Mary J., Haffner, Darrah, Haldipur, Parthiv, Hanna, Suhair, Houge, Gunnar, Jones, Wendy D., Kraus, Cornelia, Kristiansen, Birgit Elisabeth, Lespinasse, James, Low, Karen J., Lynch, Sally Ann, Maia, Sofia, Mao, Rong, Kalinauskiene, Ruta, Melver, Catherine, McDonald, Kimberly, Montgomery, Tara, Morleo, Manuela, Motter, Constance, Openshaw, Amanda S., Palumbos, Janice Cox, Parikh, Aditi Shah, Perilla-Young, Yezmin, Powell, Cynthia M., Person, Richard, Desai, Megha, Piard, Juliette, Pfundt, Rolph, Scala, Marcello, Serey-Gaut, Margaux, Shears, Deborah, Slavotinek, Anne, Suri, Mohnish, Turner, Claire, Tvrdik, Tatiana, Weiss, Karin, Wentzensen, Ingrid M., Zollino, Marcella, Hsieh, Tzung-Chien, de Vries, Bert B. A., Guillemot, Francois, Dobyns, William B., Viskochil, David, and Dias, Cristina

Published
2024
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36. Mapping cellular interactions from spatially resolved transcriptomics data

Author

Zhu, James, Wang, Yunguan, Chang, Woo Yong, Malewska, Alicia, Napolitano, Fabiana, Gahan, Jeffrey C., Unni, Nisha, Zhao, Min, Yuan, Rongqing, Wu, Fangjiang, Yue, Lauren, Guo, Lei, Zhao, Zhuo, Chen, Danny Z., Hannan, Raquibul, Zhang, Siyuan, Xiao, Guanghua, Mu, Ping, Hanker, Ariella B., Strand, Douglas, Arteaga, Carlos L., Desai, Neil, Wang, Xinlei, Xie, Yang, and Wang, Tao

Published
2024
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45. First interim results from FINE-REAL: a prospective, non-interventional, phase 4 study providing insights into the use and safety of finerenone in a routine clinical setting

Author

Nicholas, Susanne B., Correa-Rotter, Ricardo, Desai, Nihar R., Guo, Lixin, Navaneethan, Sankar D., Pantalone, Kevin M., Wanner, Christoph, Hamacher, Stefanie, Fatoba, Samuel T., Horvat-Broecker, Andrea, Garreta-Rufas, Antonio, Gay, Alain, Merz, Martin, and Wheeler, David C.

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2024
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50. Finerenone in heart failure and chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes: FINE-HEART pooled analysis of cardiovascular, kidney and mortality outcomes

Author

Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Filippatos, Gerasimos, Claggett, Brian L., Desai, Akshay S., Jhund, Pardeep S., Henderson, Alasdair, Brinker, Meike, Kolkhof, Peter, Schloemer, Patrick, Lay-Flurrie, James, Viswanathan, Prabhakar, Lam, Carolyn S. P., Senni, Michele, Shah, Sanjiv J., Voors, Adriaan A., Zannad, Faiez, Rossing, Peter, Ruilope, Luis M., Anker, Stefan D., Pitt, Bertram, Agarwal, Rajiv, McMurray, John J. V., and Solomon, Scott D.

Published
2024
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