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A radical change has been witnessed in the English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS) sector since COVID-19 appeared. Against this background, this study investigated teachers' perceptions of their collaboration in an online educational platform. The English teachers at our college exploited collaborative online activities using a rostered lesson planning process. Through this process, the teachers took turns to prepare a lesson plan fortnightly for other teachers to use. This time-efficient practice resulted in teachers' strong sense of confidence in the virtual educational environment, a reduced workload, effective classroom delivery, and a sense of uniformity. These findings were derived from eight semi-structured teacher interviews, which were subsequently transcribed and then coded in NVIVO 12. The data was analysed based on Shakenova's (2017) teacher collaboration framework. The findings led to the design of a collaborative practice model that can be used by ELICOS teachers and educators.

Understanding data analysis and interpreting data are key components of teaching interdisciplinary undergraduate students. We detail a semester-long research project that introduces students to long-term data sets, incorporates the use of widely available statistical analysis, and underscores an inquiry-based method of teaching climate change. Our learning objectives included analysis of large-scale climate data and interpretation of empirical trends in the context of two climate change phenomena: warming and the urban heat island effect. We demonstrate how small groups of students (n = 2 or 3) were empowered to independently download and analyze long-term temperature data to be aggregated into a class data set. Students used the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) to find the long-term data sets of hourly maximum (TMAX) and minimum (TMIN) temperatures. Students used the open-source statistical software R to manage and summarize data. Students also examined changes in land use cover using Google Earth satellite data to quantify whether stations were urban or rural. Students were assessed in their groups based on a research paper and a class presentation. Approaching climate change education from the inquiry-based learning perspective allows students to understand how scientific research is conducted, apply the scientific method, and experience firsthand the importance of open-source data.

Key Clinical Message: This case suggests using dual orexin receptor antagonists to treat alcohol use disorder and comorbid sleep disorders may be effective, commencing treatment in withdrawal and continuing it to prevent relapse. Effective medications for the treatment of alcohol use disorder are limited. This is partially due to the heterogenous nature of the symptomatology associated with alcohol use disorder and the abundance of presenting comorbidities. One common, and often overlooked, symptom that occurs during withdrawal of alcohol use is sleep disruption. Here, we report a case study of a participant with comorbid alcohol use disorder and insomnia. This participant was treated with a dual orexin receptor antagonist, suvorexant (Belsomra®), currently approved to treat insomnia. We demonstrate improvements in alcohol cravings, physical and psychological health, and sleep outcomes with treatment. These data support abundant preclinical and emerging clinical data in this space. The findings from this case report highlight the potential for suvorexant to treat comorbid alcohol use disorder and insomnia with fully powered, randomized controlled trials moving forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015, the World Health Assembly adopted a global action plan (GAP) on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Member states were encouraged to develop their own national action plans (NAPs) in alignment with the GAP. To-date, in systematic assessments of NAPs, the Latin American specific context has not been previously analysed. Here we examined 11 Latin American NAPs published between 2015 and 2021 using content analysis. We focused on two approaches: (1) alignment between the strategic objectives and actions defined in the GAP, and those outlined in the NAPs via a content indicator; and (2) assessment of the NAPs via a governance framework covering 'policy design', 'implementation tools' and 'monitoring and evaluation' areas. We observed a high alignment with the strategic objectives of the GAP; however, the opposite was observed for the corresponding actions. Our results showed that the governance aspects contained within coordination and participation domains were addressed by every Latin American NAP, whereas monitoring and assessment areas, as well as incorporating the environment, would need more attention in subsequent NAPs. Given that AMR is a global health threat and collective efforts across regions are necessary to combat it, our findings can benefit member states by highlighting how to strengthen the AMR strategies in Latin America, while also supporting global policy formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To undertake a double blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of vigabatrin, a GABA-transaminase inhibitor, as a benzodiazepine sparing agent in the management of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome in a residential setting. Methods We enrolled 120 patients with alcohol use disorder who were randomly assigned to either treatment with vigabatrin (2g/day for 4 days) or placebo. The primary outcome was defined as the number of participants in each treatment arm needing diazepam for withdrawal management. A secondary outcome prespecified was the total dose of diazepam received by participants in each treatment arm. Participants were recruited on admission to a residential withdrawal unit at St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne from December 2014 to April 2019. Results No significant difference was observed in the number of participants requiring benzodiazepines during their residential withdrawal stay with 44 participants (78.6%) in placebo arm requiring at least one dose of diazepam compared to 38 (66.7%) in vigabatrin arm (p  = .156). An 18.1% difference was observed between the proportion of participants who received a total dose of >100mg of diazepam during their residential withdrawal stay in placebo arm (32.1%), compared to vigabatrin arm (14.0%, p  = .022). There were higher rates of reported adverse events in placebo arm with nine (15.0%) participants reporting adverse events compared with two (3.3%) participants in vigabatrin arm (p = .027). Conclusion Vigabatrin significantly reduced the number of participants requiring >100mg diazepam over the course of their alcohol withdrawal and was associated with a reduction in adverse effects when compared to placebo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food system resilience has multiple dimensions. We draw on food system and resilience concepts and review resilience framings of different communities. We present four questions to frame food system resilience (Resilience of what? Resilience to what? Resilience from whose perspective? Resilience for how long?) and three approaches to enhancing resilience (robustness, recovery, and reorientation—the three "Rs"). We focus on enhancing resilience of food system outcomes and argue this will require food system actors adapting their activities, noting that activities do not change spontaneously but in response to a change in drivers: an opportunity or a threat. However, operationalizing resilience enhancement involves normative choices and will result in decisions having to be negotiated about trade-offs among food system outcomes for different stakeholders. New approaches to including different food system actors' perceptions and goals are needed to build food systems that are better positioned to address challenges of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in free-roaming dog population size are important indicators of the effectiveness of dog population management. Assessing the effectiveness of different management methods also requires estimating the processes that change population size, such as the rates of recruitment into and removal from a population. This is one of the first studies to quantify the size, rates of recruitment and removal, and health and welfare status of free-roaming dog populations in Europe. We determined the size, dynamics, and health status of free-roaming dog populations in Pescara, Italy, and Lviv, Ukraine, over a 15-month study period. Both study populations had ongoing dog population management through catch-neuter-release and sheltering programmes. Average monthly apparent survival probability was 0.93 (95% CI 0.81–1.00) in Pescara and 0.93 (95% CI 0.84–0.99) in Lviv. An average of 7 dogs km-2 were observed in Pescara and 40 dogs km-2 in Lviv. Per capita entry probabilities varied between 0.09 and 0.20 in Pescara, and 0.12 and 0.42 in Lviv. In Lviv, detection probability was lower on weekdays (odds ratio: 0.74, 95% CI 0.53–0.96) and higher on market days (odds ratio: 2.58, 95% CI 1.28–4.14), and apparent survival probability was lower in males (odds ratio: 0.25, 95% CI 0.03–0.59). Few juveniles were observed in the study populations, indicating that recruitment may be occurring by movement between dog subpopulations (e.g. from local owned or neighbouring free-roaming dog populations), with important consequences for population control. This study provides important data for planning effective dog population management and for informing population and infectious disease modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic arbovirosis caused by infection with a phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus). The main vectors are specific Aedes and Culex spp. mosquitoes, and primary [...]

Background: An intervention Prescription Opioid Practice Improvement (POPI), addressing opioid prescribing on discharge following orthopaedic surgery, demonstrated improved practice. Here we report the sustainability of improved practice at 12 months, and the impact of a booster education intervention, POPI SOS (Safe Opioid Supply). Methods: Audits were performed using methodology described in previously published studies. Results: High proportion of patients were discharged on opioids, 89.9% 12 months post‐POPI (n = 149) and 82.2% post‐POPI SOS (n = 169). Twelve months post‐POPI there was a significant reduction in combination immediate (IR) and slow release (SR) opioids, 45.7% at the end of POPI program to 34.3% at 12 months (χ2 (1, N = 364) = 4.47, ρ = 0.034); a significant decrease in opioid‐weaning plans, 87.4% at the end of POPI program to 35.8% at 12 months (χ2 (1, N = 365) = 104.19, ρ = <0.001); and a significant increase in provision of full quantities of SR‐opioids, 6.1% after the POPI program to 15.7% (χ2 (1, N = 364) = 8.95, ρ = 0.003). The POPI SOS booster program significantly improved measures including reduction in combination IR and SR, 34.3–22.3% (χ2 (1, N = 273) = 4.87, ρ = 0.028) and an increase in opioid plans in discharge summaries, from 35.8% to 77.7% (χ2 (1, N = 273) = 48.87, ρ < 0.001). Conclusion: Better practice in relation to opioid prescribing is achievable but, for sustained improvement, opioid stewardship activities are needed to reduce the potential harms associated with prescription opioids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The result was a CR curriculum map depicting learners' development and application of CR skills in a structured, scaffolded and progressive manner (Table 1). Keywords: clinical reasoning; curriculum development; faculty development EN clinical reasoning curriculum development faculty development 184 194 11 05/12/22 20220501 NES 220501 Background Clinical reasoning (CR) is defined as a process wherein clinicians observe, collect, and interpret data to diagnose and treat patients [[1]], [[2]]. The group constituted individuals with programme leadership roles, knowledge of curriculum development, assessment, and CR, medical students and resident doctors. [Extracted from the article]

Seeing the New South: Race and Place in the Photographs of Ulrich Bonnell Phillips. By Patricia Beilis Bixel and John David Smith. (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2013. Pp. [...]

This paper provides an outline of a new interdisciplinary project called FixOurFood, funded through UKRI's 'Transforming UK food systems' programme. FixOurFood aims to transform the Yorkshire food system to a regenerative food system and will work to answer two main questions: (1) What do regenerative food systems look like? (2) How can transformations be enabled so that we can achieve a regenerative food system? To answer these questions, FixOurFood will work with diverse stakeholders to change the Yorkshire food system and use the learning to inform change efforts in other parts of the UK and beyond. Our work will focus on shifting trajectories towards regenerative dynamics in three inter‐related systems of: healthy eating for young children, hybrid food economies and regenerative farming. We do this by a set of action‐orientated interventions in schools and the food economy, metrics, policies and deliverables that can be applied in Yorkshire and across the UK. This article introduces the FixOurFood project and concludes by assessing the potential impact of these interventions and the importance we attach to working with stakeholders in government, business, third sector and civil society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free-roaming dog population management is conducted to mitigate risks to public health, livestock losses, wildlife conservation, and dog health and welfare. This study aimed to determine attitudes towards free-roaming dogs and their management and describe dog ownership practices in three European countries. We distributed an online questionnaire comprising questions relating to dog ownership practices and attitudes towards free-roaming dogs using social media. We used logistic regression and ordinal probit models to determine associations between demographic and other factors with ownership practices and attitudes towards free-roaming dogs. This study found that most surveyed respondents wanted to see a reduction in free-roaming dog numbers, and felt that this should be achieved through sheltering, catch-neuter-release, and by controlling owned dog breeding. We identified significant associations between both attitudes and ownership practices with gender, religious beliefs, age, education level, reason for dog ownership, previous experience with free-roaming dogs, and country of residence. Respondents who identified as: (i) male, (ii) holding religious beliefs, (iii) owning dogs for practical reasons, (iv) being young, or (v) having no schooling or primary education had a lower probability of neutering and a higher probability of allowing dogs to roam. Respondents who identified as: (i) female, (ii) feeling threatened by free-roaming dogs, (iii) older, or (iv) having more education had a higher probability of answering that increases in free-roaming dog numbers should be prevented. These findings can help to inform future dog population management interventions in these countries. We emphasise the importance of considering local attitudes and dog ownership practices in the development of effective dog population management approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT. A 70-item measure of spontaneity, innocuously entitled the Personal Attitude Scale (PAS), was tested for its reliability and validity. After an item analysis, 58 items were retained in the [...]