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Superior vena cava syndrome is rare and challenging clinical entity in neonates. Medical treatment options are usually effective. However, when failed, surgery is warranted. Herein, we present a preterm neonate with SVC syndrome and associated chylothorax. When 2 weeks old, he underwent successful open thrombectomy and SVC reconstruction under cardiopulmonary bypass. Immediately after the operation findings of SVC syndrome and chylotorax were completely resolved. To our knowledge, this patient is the smallest baby underwent open SVC reconstruction with cardiopulmonary bypass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Central venous catheters (CVCs) are used in pediatric patients to deliver IV fluids, blood products, medications, and nutrients. Potential complications include central line infection, which carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality in this population. Pediatric critical care nurses play a crucial role in helping to reduce the risk of infection. Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of a serious, simulated, gaming-based intervention to improve the skills and knowledge of RNs in the early stages of their career regarding central line insertion, care, and infection prevention. Methods: A single-arm, pre- and postinterventional pilot study was conducted at the Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, from July 2021 to July 2022. The study participants were bedside pediatric critical care nurses who were provided with education and skills training regarding CVC placement and maintenance through a so-called serious game—essentially, a video game with a purpose. A simulation session and multiple-choice knowledge test were used to assess skills and knowledge retention both before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 32 pediatric critical care nurses participated in the study; however, 1 nurse did not complete the follow-up assessment. The study revealed a statistically significant increase in the overall mean (SD) global performance score from 4.06 (2.11) before the intervention to 5.97 (1.80) afterward. Specific areas of performance also showed significant improvement: handwashing prior to the procedure (P = 0.04), covering the procedure site (P = 0.01), cleaning the site properly (P < 0.01), and ensuring central line placement before use (P < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the nurses' performance on the multiple-choice knowledge test before and after the intervention. Conclusion: This study suggests that serious games have the potential to improve nursing education, particularly in complex procedures like central line insertion and maintenance. Our findings indicate that serious gaming is effective in engaging learners and enhancing their skills. More research is needed to evaluate the long-term impact of serious games on learning outcomes and patient care. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a serious, simulated, gaming-based intervention to improve nurses' skills and knowledge regarding central line insertion, care, and infection prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formula-based estimation of the right internal jugular venous (IJV) catheterization depth can be inaccurate when using ultrasound guidance. External landmark-based and radiological landmark-based methods have been proposed as alternatives to estimate the insertion depth. This study aimed to evaluate these methods using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)-guided insertion depth as the reference. Ninety-seven adult cardiac surgery patients underwent real-time ultrasound-guided right IJV catheterization, with placement at the superior vena cava-right atrium (SVC-RA) junction under TEE guidance. The primary outcome compared the accuracy of external-landmark and radiological-landmark methods in estimating optimal catheter position (2 cm above to 1 cm below the SVC-RA junction), while secondary outcomes assessed their reliability and agreement with TEE. The external-landmark method proved more accurate than the radiological-landmark method (91.8% vs. 68%, p < 0.001) and had a higher correlation with TEE (r = 0.83 vs. 0.67). Bland–Altman analysis showed a mean difference of 0.08 cm between external-landmark and TEE methods (limits of agreement: -1.75 to 1.90 cm) and 0.43 cm for radiological-landmark (limits of agreement: -2.63 to 3.49 cm). Overall, the external-landmark method is a reliable and simple technique for estimating right IJV catheter depth and is more useful in cardiac surgery compared to the radiological-landmark method. Trial registration Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20200410012). Date registered April 9, 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This letter evaluated the impact of different management strategies, specifically the presence or absence of therapeutic anticoagulation, on clinical outcomes for central venous catheter (CVC)-associated deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in cancer patients. Methods: One-hundred ninety-eight adult cancer patients with a confirmed CVC-associated DVT diagnosis from February 2013 and February 2021 were included. Results: Incidence of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) was similar between patients who received therapeutic anticoagulation and those who did not (14% vs 16%, p = 0.807). In addition, therapeutic anticoagulation did not significantly alter the incidence of grade 3 and above bleeding events despite most patients having hematologic malignancies (9% vs 8%, p = 0.826). Conclusion and relevance: Therapeutic anticoagulation was not associated with a reduction in the incidence of recurrent VTE or increase the incidence of bleeding in adult cancer patients following a CVC-associated DVT diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation assessment is essential to reduce venous catheter residence. We introduced central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and estimated upper body blood flow (eUBBF) to monitor newly created fistula maturation and recorded catheter time in patients with and without ScvO2-based fistula maturation. Methods: From 2017 to 2019, we conducted a multicenter quality improvement project (QIP) in hemodialysis patients with the explicit goal to shorten catheter residence time post-AVF creation through ScvO2-based maturation monitoring. In patients with a catheter as vascular access, we tracked ScvO2 and eUBBF pre- and post-AVF creation. The primary outcome was catheter residence time post-AVF creation. We compared catheter residence time post-AVF creation between QIP patients and controls. One control group comprised concurrent patients; a second control group comprised historic controls (2014–2016). We conducted Kaplan-Meier analysis and constructed a Cox proportional hazards model with variables adjustment to assess time-to-catheter removal. Results: The QIP group comprised 44 patients (59 ± 17 years), the concurrent control group 48 patients (59 ± 16 years), the historic control group 57 patients (58 ± 15 years). Six-month post-AVF creation, the fraction of non-censored patients with catheter in place was 21% in the QIP cohort, 67% in the concurrent control group, and 68% in the historic control group. In unadjusted and adjusted analysis, catheter residence time post-fistula creation was shorter in QIP patients compared to either control groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: ScvO2-based assessment of fistula maturation is associated with shorter catheter residence post-AVF creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The standard of care for placement of a central venous catheter (CVC) includes a real-time ultrasound (US)-guided technique. We describe a rare case in which the guidewire penetrated the posterior wall of the vessel, forming a knot, which precluded simple removal. This occurred despite the procedure being performed under real-time US guidance. The guidewire was eventually removed under fluoroscopic guidance in a hybrid operation room. Case presentation: An 89-year-old male underwent the placement of a CVC in the left internal jugular vein. During the US-guided procedure, the guidewire penetrated the posterior wall of the vessel and formed a knot, which impeded simple removal. This was confirmed by radiologic imaging. Using a short sheath and a push–pull technique, the radiologist was able to untangle the knot to allow for catheter removal. The guidewire was safely removed without vascular injury. Conclusions: A very rare complication of guidewire knotting was observed despite the use of US-guidance during needle and wire placement. The use of US, computed tomography, and fluoroscopy were beneficial for diagnosis, while the hybrid operating room provided the optimal environment for the removal procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a pathogen that colonizes medical equipment and causes nosocomial infections due to its ability to form biofilms, has high mortality rates. This study investigated the risk factors related to mortality in patients who were diagnosed with S. maltophilia bacteremia. Methods: It is a multi-center, retrospective ad observational cohort study. The demographic characteristics, clinical findings, microbiological data, and risk factors for patients were obtained from the medical records of patients at ten different hospitals between January 1, 2018, and June 30, 2023. Results: The study included a total of 321 patients. The observed thirty-day mortality rate was 46.1%. A central venous catheter (CVC) was present in 276 patients (86%), and in 66 of these patients (23.9%) the CVC was removed. While only 18 patients (5.6%) received appropriate empirical antibiotics, 242 (75.4%) patients received appropriate antibiotics according to antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results and treatment revisions. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00- 1.03) was associated with increased mortality, whereas appropriate antibiotic treatment (HR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.23-0.52) and removal of central venous catheters (HR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.16-0.60) were significantly related to reduced mortality. Conclusions: S. maltophilia is a significant pathogen, and to reduce its high mortality rate, removal of the CVC and switching to appropriate antibiotics should be performed as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Central venous catheters and midline catheters are commonly used as medium‐ to long‐term intravenous infusion tools in clinical nursing. However, there is currently no reliable conclusion on whether there are differences in complications and indwelling time between these two types of catheters. Aim: To investigate whether there are differences in the incidence of complications and indwelling time between the use of midline catheters and central venous catheters as intravenous infusion tools. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across various databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The selection of studies and assessment of their quality was carried out independently by two reviewers. Meta‐analysis was conducted using the RevMan 5.3 software. Heterogeneity was evaluated, one of the pooled analyses was performed using the random‐effect model, while the others used the fixed‐effect model. Mean differences or odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Ten studies (1,554 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Meta‐analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the complication rates [OR = 0.36, 95% CI (0.18, 0.70), p = 0.003], incidence of catheter‐related thrombosis [OR = 0.28, 95% CI (0.11, 0.71), I2 = 0%,p = 0.007], catheter‐related infection[OR = 0.36, 95% CI (0.16, 0.78), I2 = 27%, p = 0.007] and catheter blockage [OR = 0.21, 95% CI (0.09, 0.51), I2 = 18%, p = 0.0005] between midline catheters group and central venous catheters group. There was a statistically significant difference in the catheter indwelling time between the two groups [MD = 0.9, 95% CI (0.33, 1.46), I2 = 0%, p = 0.002]. There was no significant difference in other complications such as phlebitis, catheter dislodgement and leakage between the two groups. Linking Evidence to Action: Midline catheter was superior to central venous catheter in terms of the overall complication rates and incidence of catheter‐related thrombosis, catheter blockage, catheter‐related infection and indwelling time. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Choosing appropriate intravenous infusion tools can reduce the occurrence of complications and improve the safety of treatment. As two common medium and long‐term infusion tools, MCs and CVCs are widely used in nursing practice.Some studies have explored the comparison of complications and indwelling time between MCs and CVCs, but the conclusions vary between studies. What this paper adds? This first systematic assessment of the complications and indwelling time between MCs and CVCs.There was a statistically significant difference in the overall complication rates, incidence of catheter‐related thrombosis, catheter‐related infection and catheter blockage between MCs and CVCs.There was a statistically significant difference in the indwelling time between MCs and CVCs. The implications of this paper: MCs offer several advantages over CVCs in terms of implantation method, minimizing catheter‐related complications, and prolonging catheter indwelling time.Findings can be applied as a reference to help nurses select an appropriate intravenous infusion catheter according to patients' needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparing a dialysis patient for access placement is a process that should ideally begin well before the need for access use. Unfortunately, this is often not the case and patients are often seen well after dialysis has been initiated with a catheter. The process should include a detail-oriented history and a thorough vascular oriented physical examination. A complete history and physical exam will help tailor access options in individual patients. The KDOQI guideline structures the selection and timing of dialysis access, ensuring each patient's medical circumstances and preferences are taken into account. The preparation of a dialysis patient should also include discussion with the patient in regard to their values and expectations before coming to a life-long plan for the patient. This holistic approach aims to achieve reliable and functioning access while preserving future options and improving patient outcomes. This following review will cover the elements of both as well as adjunctive imaging modalities and their indications to allow for successful access placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central venous catheter (CVC) tip migration is a well reported delayed complication of these vascular access devices with left-sided internal jugular or subclavian vein placement being the primary risk factor for this complication. We report a case of left internal jugular CVC migration and its diagnosis made by the heretofore unreported use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in this context. Moreover, we describe risk factors for CVC migration along with its diagnosis and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are critical infectious complications among pediatric hematology-oncology patients, and the management of central venous catheters (CVCs) by healthcare personnel can significantly influence the incidence of these infections. This study evaluates the impact of nurse-led changes in CVC management on the incidence of CLABSIs. Methods: This single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted at an urban, tertiary referral, and academic center serving pediatric patients. Results: The study cohort comprised 239 patients and 323 CVCs seen between 2012 and 2022. CLABSI was defined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions. Oncology nurse leaders developed CVC-specific educational modules for CLABSI prevention. All the relevant information during the CVC maintenance period was noted in the patient's CVC logbook. A total of 24 (7%) cases of confirmed CLABSI were identified. The incidence of CVC-related infections was 0.32 cases per 1000 catheter days (95%CI: 0.19–0.45). The incidence decreased by 40% between the first and second three-year study period. Documented exit-site infection was reported in 32 (10%) cases. The correlation between exit-site infection and CLABSI was found in 9 (28%) cases. Our CVC-related infection rates are significantly lower than the incidence reported by the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, which settles at 3–5 cases per 1000 catheter days. Conclusions: Our data confirm the effectiveness of local CVC management guidelines in preventing CVC-related infectious complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The standard of care for placement of a central venous catheter (CVC) includes a real-time ultrasound (US)-guided technique. We describe a rare case in which the guidewire penetrated the posterior wall of the vessel, forming a knot, which precluded simple removal. This occurred despite the procedure being performed under real-time US guidance. The guidewire was eventually removed under fluoroscopic guidance in a hybrid operation room. Case presentation An 89-year-old male underwent the placement of a CVC in the left internal jugular vein. During the US-guided procedure, the guidewire penetrated the posterior wall of the vessel and formed a knot, which impeded simple removal. This was confirmed by radiologic imaging. Using a short sheath and a push–pull technique, the radiologist was able to untangle the knot to allow for catheter removal. The guidewire was safely removed without vascular injury. Conclusions A very rare complication of guidewire knotting was observed despite the use of US-guidance during needle and wire placement. The use of US, computed tomography, and fluoroscopy were beneficial for diagnosis, while the hybrid operating room provided the optimal environment for the removal procedure.

Objective: Central venous catheters are mainly used for safe fluid infusion, total parenteral nutrition, and evaluation of hemodynamic parameters. Complications related to central venous access can occur during insertion, after insertion or during catheter maintenance. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic data and the presence of catheter-related complications in pediatric patients with central venous catheters in our hospital. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed demographic data and the presence of catheter-related complications in pediatric patients with central venous catheters in our hospital from June 1, 2019, to February 28, 2023. Results: Patients who underwent central venous catheterisation in our hospital between June 2020 and February 2023 were included in the study. When the demographic data of the patients were evaluated, 141 (57.8%) of our patients were male and 103 (42.2%) were female, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. In the femoral group, catheterisation of the right femoral vein was preferred more than the left vein (72.2%-27.7%), whereas in the jugular-subclavian group, the right internal jugular vein was preferred more than other sites. The risk of infection was statistically higher in the femoral group compared to the subclavian group. Conclusion: In clinical practice, we think that the risk of complications can be reduced in central venous catheter applications in pediatric patients by experienced personnel by complying with asepsis/antisepsis conditions and using appropriate imaging devices.

Background: Whether patients commence haemodialysis with a central venous catheter (CVC), or an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is used to audit the quality of a vascular access service. However, this crude metric of measurement can miss the increasing nuance and complexity of vascular access planning. We aimed to understand whether commencing haemodialysis with a CVC represented an ‘optimal’ or ‘suboptimal’ outcome and how this could influence the assessment of a vascular access service. Methods: From a prospective clinical database, patients known to nephrology >90 days prior to initiating haemodialysis as first-ever renal replacement therapy (2011–2020) from a single centre were included. Results: A total of 158/254 patients started haemodialysis with a CVC, and 96 with arteriovenous fistula. For 91 patients, the CVC was deemed ‘optimal’ care due to factors such as unpredictable deterioration in renal function (n = 41) and inadequate veins for AVF creation (n = 24). For 67 patients, the CVC was ‘suboptimal’ due to factors such as no/late referral to access assessment (n = 25) and delays in the AVF creation pathway (n = 13). There was no difference in mean survival between the AVF and ‘suboptimal’ groups (2.53 vs. 2.21 years, p = 0.31). There was a survival difference between AVF versus CVC (2.53 vs. 1.97 years, p = 0.002) and ‘suboptimal’ versus ‘optimal’ CVC cohorts (2.21 vs. 1.40 years, p = 0.16). Conclusions: Understanding whether a CVC is ‘optimal’ or ‘suboptimal’ allows a more nuanced analysis of service provision. High mortality in the ‘optimal’ group suggests a frailer cohort where CVC is potentially the best care. Studying ‘suboptimal’ CVC starts helps identify practice and system issues preventing ‘optimal’ care.

Abstract Objective Hemodialysis catheter-related right atrial thrombus (CRAT) is a rare and fatal complication related with catheter. Treatment recommendations are controversial. We reported our institution’s recent three cases in managing CRAT and review and analyze the reported cases of CRAT in hemodialysis patients. Methods A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify the therapy and outcome data in hemodialysis CRAT patients. Results From 1975 to November 2023, a total of previous 144 cases which reported in the literatures and three new cases in our institution of CRAT in hemodialysis were included and analyzed. Overall mortality was 18.1% (26/144). Most of cases can be detected by echocardiography. Thirty-three patients had no treatment, except for catheter removal, replacement or antibiotics, but eleven of them have died. Thrombolytic therapy was adopted in 14 cases but only nine cases was successful, the remaining cases need to further therapy. Eventually, 71 cases have been treated by anticoagulation and 34 cases received thrombectomy. Conclusions We recommend that the replacement of the catheter and anticoagulation combined with thrombolysis is a preferred therapy. Thrombectomy should be considered when other methods fail or new complication happened. Thrombolysis alone has a low success rate but may be useful in combination with anticoagulant therapy.

Abstract Background The prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) is a critical priority in the clinical management of central venous catheters (CVCs). This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate antibacterial dressings in the context of CVC care. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase et al. databases up to May 28, 2024. The search targeted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the impact of chlorhexidine gluconate antibacterial dressings on CVC-related outcomes. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Results The final analysis included 14 RCTs involving a total of 8920 patients with CVCs, with participants divided into a chlorhexidine antibacterial dressing group (n = 4731) and a control group (n = 4189). The chlorhexidine dressing group demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of CRBSI compared to the control group, with a relative risk (RR) of 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36–0.64, P 0.05). Conclusions There is a notable reduction in the incidence of CRBSI and bacterial colonization in patients with CVCs through the application of chlorhexidine gluconate dressings. Given the compelling evidence, the integration of these dressings into standard nursing care protocols for the management of CVCs is advocated.

Abstract Background Despite efforts to improve the management of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in literature, temporary CVCs continue to be used for maintenance hemodialysis outside of acute care settings, particularly in the Philippines. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the incidence, outcomes, risk factors, and microbiological patterns of CRBSI among adult kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Philippine General Hospital, the country's largest tertiary referral center. We included all adult patients who received a CVC for hemodialysis from January 1, 2018, to August 31, 2019, and followed them for six months to observe the occurrence of CRBSI and its outcomes. Results Our study documented a CRBSI incidence rate of 6.72 episodes per 1000 catheter days, with a relapse rate of 5.08%, a reinfection rate of 15.74%, and a mortality rate of 6.09%. On multivariable regression analysis, we identified autoimmune disease, dialysis frequency of > 3 × per week, use of CVC for either blood transfusion or IV medications, renal hypoperfusion, drug-induced nephropathy, and hypertensive kidney disease as significant risk factors for CRBSI. Gram-negative bacteria, including B. cepacia complex, Enterobacter, and Acinetobacter spp, were the most common organisms causing CRBSI. Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) comprised almost half of the isolates (n = 89, 44.5%), with Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species having the highest proportion among gram-positive organisms and Acinetobacter spp. among gram-negative isolates. Conclusion Our findings emphasize the need for more stringent measures and interventions to prevent the propagation of identified pathogens, such as a review of sterile technique and adequate hygiene practices, continued surveillance, and expedited placement and utilization of long-term access for patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Furthermore, CVC use outside of hemodialysis should be discouraged, and common antibiotic regimens such as piperacillin-tazobactam and fluoroquinolones should be reviewed for their low sensitivity patterns among gram-negative isolates. Addressing these issues can improve hemodialysis patients' outcomes and reduce the CRBSI burden in our institution.

Abstract Background Patients with central lines face an increased risk of developing bacteremia. Preventing late-onset catheter-related infections relies on implementing various measures during manipulations of the catheter hub of central lines (e.g., during connections, disconnections, blood withdrawals, pulsed rinses, or injections performed at the first connection after the central catheter). French guidelines include, among these measures, the requirement to put on sterile gloves immediately before proximal manipulation to help prevent contamination of the catheter hub during preparation. To our knowledge, no study has reported compliance with wearing sterile gloves during these manipulations, nor the impact of not wearing sterile gloves on the cleanliness of the fingers of healthcare workers (HCWs) just before manipulating the connectors. Methods We conducted a two-part study to assess compliance with sterile gloving and to provide direct microbiological evidence of bacterial contamination on HCWs’ hands immediately before the manipulation of central lines when sterile gloving is not used. First, the use of sterile gloves was observed during proximal manipulations of central lines using a standardized grid. Second, we examined the microbial flora present on the fingers of each observed HCW just before proximal manipulation. Results A total of 260 HCWs from 35 healthcare institutions were observed during proximal manipulation. The HCWs were distributed into three groups: 188 used sterile gloves (72%), 23 used nonsterile gloves (9%), and 49 did not wear gloves (19%). The swabbing of the fingertips revealed microbial cultures from 72 samples (28%). A total of 97 microorganisms were identified, all of which are well-recognized agents responsible for catheter-related bacteremia, predominantly coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 36) and Bacillus sp. (n = 31). Fingertip contamination was lower for HCWs wearing sterile gloves (27/188; 14%) than for those wearing nonsterile gloves (12/23; 52%) or not wearing gloves (33/49; 67%) (p

Introduction: Central Venous Catheters (CVCs) are used for monitoring and managing critically-ill patients. However, their use can lead to serious infectious complications, resulting in significant morbidity, additional medical costs and mortality. Aim: To analyse the causative pathogens and the associated risk factors involved in the causation of central line-related infections and their outcomes. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted among 66 patients admitted to the 10-bed Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) at the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, SCB Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Cuttack, Odisha, India, from March 2021 to October 2022, who required central line placement for 48 hours or more. These patients were followed daily and upon the development of new-onset sepsis after 48 hours, two blood samples were collected from both central and peripheral sites for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing, after excluding other sources of infections. Results: The mean age of patients with CLABSI was 62.85±14.95 years, with the most commonly affected age group being 55-74 years. Total of 66 patients had CVCs in place for more than 48 hours, resulting in 664 catheter days. The overall rate of Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) was 30.12 per 1,000 catheter days. The risk factors significantly associated with the development of CLABSI were diabetes mellitus, duration of hospitalisation, APACHE score, length of ICU stay and days of catheter in-situ. However, multivariate analysis revealed that only the length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay (p=0.003) and the presence of diabetes (p=0.012) were independent predictors of acquiring CLABSI. The most common pathogens isolated were Acinetobacter (30%), followed by Enterococcus (25%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) (10%), Pseudomonas (10%) and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (5%). All Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens showed 100% sensitivity to linezolid, teicoplanin, vancomycin and polymyxin B, as well as tigecycline, respectively. The remaining strains were Multidrug Resistant (MDR). The overall mortality rate was 66.7%, with CLABSI-associated mortality at 60%. Conclusion: The incidence of CLABSI was high, with significant risk factors significantly associated were prolonged duration of catheterisation, length of hospital and ICU stays, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and diabetes mellitus. Gram-positive bacteria predominated, followed by Gram-negative bacteria, with a significant proportion of MDR organisms.

Background: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are critical infectious complications among pediatric hematology-oncology patients, and the management of central venous catheters (CVCs) by healthcare personnel can significantly influence the incidence of these infections. This study evaluates the impact of nurse-led changes in CVC management on the incidence of CLABSIs. Methods: This single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted at an urban, tertiary referral, and academic center serving pediatric patients. Results: The study cohort comprised 239 patients and 323 CVCs seen between 2012 and 2022. CLABSI was defined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions. Oncology nurse leaders developed CVC-specific educational modules for CLABSI prevention. All the relevant information during the CVC maintenance period was noted in the patient’s CVC logbook. A total of 24 (7%) cases of confirmed CLABSI were identified. The incidence of CVC-related infections was 0.32 cases per 1000 catheter days (95%CI: 0.19–0.45). The incidence decreased by 40% between the first and second three-year study period. Documented exit-site infection was reported in 32 (10%) cases. The correlation between exit-site infection and CLABSI was found in 9 (28%) cases. Our CVC-related infection rates are significantly lower than the incidence reported by the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, which settles at 3–5 cases per 1000 catheter days. Conclusions: Our data confirm the effectiveness of local CVC management guidelines in preventing CVC-related infectious complications.

Resumen: Introducción: A pesar de las recomendaciones de las guías clínicas, el porcentaje de catéteres venosos centrales (CVC) sigue estando por encima de los estándares recomendados. Desconocemos si la utilización creciente de catéteres tiene su origen en factores inevitables o evitables y, en este último caso, estaría en nuestra mano modificar estos resultados.El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar las causas que condicionan el uso de CVC en una población prevalente en hemodiálisis (HD) con el fin de identificar aquellos factores modificables sobre los cuales actuar para conseguir los objetivos de las guías. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y observacional en el total de pacientes prevalentes en hemodiálisis crónica pertenecientes a siete centros de hemodiálisis extrahospitalarios de Madrid, Castilla y León y Galicia en un corte transversal realizado en junio 2021 (637 pacientes). Se analizan: edad, sexo, nacionalidad, etiología de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), el acceso vascular con el que iniciaron hemodiálisis, el número de fístulas arteriovenosas (FAV) previas fallidas, tiempo desde el inicio de la HD, tiempo desde la colocación del CVC por primera vez, la situación respecto a la cirugía y las causas de ser portador de CVC. En los pacientes cuya causa fue la negativa a realizarse una FAV se preguntó a los pacientes por la causa de la misma mediante interrogatorio dirigido. Resultados: De los 637 pacientes estudiados, 255 (40%) eran portadores de CVC, 346 portadores de FAV (54,3%) y 36 (5,7%) llevaban una prótesis. De los 255 pacientes portadores de CVC, 20,4% (52 pacientes) estaba pendiente de realización del acceso vascular (FAV/prótesis), 10,2% (26 pacientes) tenían la FAV realizada pero no se podía utilizar y 69,4% (177 pacientes) no se consideraron candidatos a cirugía (por cirugía vascular (16,9%; 43 pacientes), por nefrología (16,5%, 42 pacientes) y por negativa del paciente (36%; 92 pacientes). La causa más frecuente para la negativa a la FAV fue el miedo y las preferencias de los pacientes. Uno de los factores más importantes asociados al uso de CVC en pacientes prevalentes fue haber iniciado hemodiálisis mediante un CVC. El mayor uso de CVC al inicio de HD se asoció significativamente con tener más de una FAV realizada, o iniciar HD de manera urgente y no haber sido seguido y evaluado en la consulta de ERCA. Conclusiones: Existe un elevado porcentaje de pacientes con CVC por causas modificables que hace necesaria la evaluación sistemática del proceso de creación de FAV para potenciar la planificación, creación y mantenimiento del acceso vascular desde la consulta de ERCA, y alcanzar el objetivo de las guías. Abstract: Introduction: Despite the recommendations of the clinical guidelines, the percentage of central venous catheters (CVC) continues to be above the recommended standards. We do not know whether the increasing use of catheters is due to unavoidable or avoidable factors and, in the latter case, it would be in our power to modify these results.The aim of this study was to analyze the causes that condition the use of CVC in a prevalent hemodialysis (HD) population in order to identify those modifiable factors on which to act in order to achieve the objectives of the guidelines. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive and observational study in all prevalent patients on chronic hemodialysis belonging to seven hemodialysis centers in Madrid, Castilla y León and Galicia in a cross-sectional study carried out in June 2021 (637 patients). The following were analyzed: age, sex, nationality, etiology of CKD, the vascular access with which they started hemodialysis, the number of previous failed arteriovenous fistulas (AVF), time since the start of HD, time since the placement of the CVC for the first time, the situation with respect to surgery and the causes of being a CVC carrier. In patients whose cause was refusal to undergo AVF, patients were asked about the cause of the refusal by directed questioning. Results: Of the 637 patients studied, 255 (40%) had a CVC, 346 had an AVF (54.3%) and 36 (5.7%) had a prosthesis. Of the 255 patients with CVC, 20.4% (52 patients) were awaiting vascular access (AVF/prosthesis), 10.2% (26 patients) had an AVF but could not be used and 69.4% (177 patients) were not considered candidates for surgery (due to vascular surgery (16.9%; 43 patients), nephrology (16.5%, 42 patients) and patient refusal (36%; 92 patients). The most frequent cause for refusal of AVF was fear and patient preference. One of the most important factors associated with CVC use in prevalent patients was having started hemodialysis with a CVC. The greatest use of CVC at the start of HD was significantly associated with having more than one AVF performed or starting HD urgently and not having been followed up and evaluated in the ACKD consultation. Conclusions: There is a high percentage of patients with a central venous catheter due to modifiable causes, which makes it necessary to systematically evaluate the process of creating AVF in order to enhance the planning, creation and maintenance of vascular access from the ACKD clinic, and to achieve the objective of the guidelines.

Objective Methods Results Conclusions Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a vital therapeutic modality in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) for various indications. Traditionally, pediatric TPE is performed via a large bore, double lumen catheter, whose insertion necessitates deep sedation, and poses risk of hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications. Building on our previous success utilizing percutaneous radial artery catheters (ALs) for apheresis procedures, we present our experience with ALs for TPE procedures in the PICU.A retrospective cohort study, conducted in the PICU of a tertiary, university affiliated pediatric hospital, including all children aged 19 years and younger, who underwent TPE using an AL for vascular access, between 2018 and 2023. TPE procedures were evaluated for utility (the procedure was performed as planned) and safety.A total of 72 procedures were performed on 20 children, using ALs for inlet access and peripheral intra‐venous catheters for blood return. Procedure success rate was 94%, with AL malfunction causing transient delays in 6%. All were successfully completed following AL replacement. ALs were mostly 20 and 22 gauge, predominantly located in the radial artery. AL gauge did not significantly affect flow rate or procedure duration.Our findings support AL use for vascular access, as a viable alternative to the traditional large bore, double lumen catheters most often used for TPE in children. Benefits of AL use may include a decrease in sedation requirements and a lower risk of vascular complications. Further investigation is warranted, for consideration as routine practice in PICUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hemodialysis catheter-related right atrial thrombus (CRAT) is a rare and fatal complication related with catheter. Treatment recommendations are controversial. We reported our institution's recent three cases in managing CRAT and review and analyze the reported cases of CRAT in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify the therapy and outcome data in hemodialysis CRAT patients. Results: From 1975 to November 2023, a total of previous 144 cases which reported in the literatures and three new cases in our institution of CRAT in hemodialysis were included and analyzed. Overall mortality was 18.1% (26/144). Most of cases can be detected by echocardiography. Thirty-three patients had no treatment, except for catheter removal, replacement or antibiotics, but eleven of them have died. Thrombolytic therapy was adopted in 14 cases but only nine cases was successful, the remaining cases need to further therapy. Eventually, 71 cases have been treated by anticoagulation and 34 cases received thrombectomy. Conclusions: We recommend that the replacement of the catheter and anticoagulation combined with thrombolysis is a preferred therapy. Thrombectomy should be considered when other methods fail or new complication happened. Thrombolysis alone has a low success rate but may be useful in combination with anticoagulant therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Men are generally more susceptible to bacterial infections than women. Central venous catheters (CVCs), often used to administer systemic treatment in patients with cancer, are an important source of infection. However, little is known about sex-specific differences of CVC-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in patients with cancer. This study aimed to compare CRBSIs in men versus women in a large cohort of patients with cancer. Methods: Data were derived from the SECRECY registry including nonselected patients with centrally inserted non-tunneled internal jugular or subclavian vein CVCs in 10 hematology and oncology sites in Germany. Only CRBSIs classified as definite CRBSI (dCRBSI) or probable CRBSI were included, and the combination of both was summarized as dpCRBSI. CVCs were matched 1:1 for underlying disease, anatomic site of CVC insertion, type of CVC dressing, antimicrobial coated CVC, complicated CVC insertion, and CVC in situ time by propensity score matching (PSM). Endpoints were CRBSI rates and incidences in CVCs inserted in men versus women. Results: A total of 5,075 CVCs registered from March 2013 to March 2024 were included in the analysis, of which 3,024 comprise the PSM cohort. A total of 1,512 (50.0%) CVCs were inserted in men. Underlying diseases mainly were hematological malignancies (96.4%). While there was no statistically significant difference between men and women in the dCRBSI rate (5.4% vs. 4.1%; p = 0.12) and the dCRBSI incidence (3.8 vs. 2.9/1,000 CVC days; p = 0.11), the rate of dpCRBSI (9.9% vs. 6.7%; p = 0.002) and the dpCRBSI incidence (7.0 vs. 4.7/1,000 CVC days; p = 0.002) were significantly higher in men versus women. The proportion of coagulase-negative staphylococci as causative agent of both dCRBSI and dpCRBSI was higher in men than in women (58.8% vs. 41.2%; p = 0.07 and 61.5% vs. 38.5%; p = 0.002, respectively). A multivariable regression revealed neutropenia as an independent risk factor for dCRBSI and male sex as risk factor for dCRBSI and dpCRBSI. Conclusion: In patients with hematological malignancies, men have a higher risk of CRBSI than women. This finding may be attributed to the high number of jugular vein-inserted CVCs, which in men may be associated with higher rates of skin colonization than in women. Special preventive measures such as earlier removal of CVCs in men may be studied in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aim Methods Results Conclusions Central line‐associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are a potential complication for home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients.We sought to analyse risk factors of developing HPN‐related CLABSI and assess CLABSI management in the Australian context.A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted on 34 adult patients receiving HPN via a central venous catheter (CVC) at a Queensland tertiary referral centre between 2016 and 2023. Patient charts were reviewed, and Kaplan–Meier analysis was employed to determine associations between characteristics and time to CLABSI in the first CVC using Peto‐Peto Prentice test.A total of 39 CLABSI episodes occurred in 19 patients. Patients with ≥1 CLABSI used regular opioids more than those without CLABSI (P = 0.016). Fourteen (41%, n = 14/34) patients developed a CLABSI in their first CVC. No patient or line characteristics were found to be predictive of CLABSI in their first CVC. The CLABSI rate was 1.02/1000 catheter days. Most CLABSIs were caused by Enterobacterales (22%, n = 12/55) and Candida sp. (22%, n = 12/55). Empiric antimicrobial therapy was adequate in only 25% (n = 7/28), and the median time to effective antibiotic therapy was 22.7 h (interquartile range 4.8–29.8). There were three successful CVC salvages (8%, n = 3/39).In this cohort of patients, regular opioid use was associated with increased risk of developing CLABSI. Based on our findings, an empiric antimicrobial regime of vancomycin, cefepime and caspofungin will provide adequate coverage for most HPN‐related CLABSIs in Australian IF units with a similar antimicrobial distribution and resistance pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-recognized complication in pediatric cancer patients. We aimed to determine the frequency of central venous catheter (CVC) removal and survival impact of children with cancer who develop VTE. After ethics approval, a retrospective population-based study of cancer patients less than 21 years between 2005 and 2020, in the Maritime Provinces Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island was conducted. Clinical data was collected from hospital charts and online medical records. Data on demographics, cancer diagnosis and treatment, diagnosis of VTE, use of CVC, were assessed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were computed and compared among study groups. This study included 770 patients with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. There were 49 patients with symptomatic VTE, 49 patients with clinically unsuspected VTE, and 671 patients with no VTE. There were 15 (1.9%) non-CVC-symptomatic (ncsVTE), 34 (4.4%) CVC-symptomatic (csVTE), 40 (5.2%) non-CVC-clinically unsuspected (ncuVTE), 9 (1.2%) CVC-clinically unsuspected (cVTE), and 671 (87%) no VTE patients. The mean number of CVCs required during treatment was significantly higher among patients with VTE (p < 0.001). Both symptomatic and clinically unsuspected VTE required significantly more CVCs compared to no VTE patients (p < 0.001 and p = 0.049 respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed ncsVTE patients' survival was significantly reduced compared to all other patients (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that pediatric oncology patients with ncsVTE have significantly lower survival. This suggests that ncsVTE may be a biomarker for increased disease burden. This study also demonstrated that clinically unsuspected VTE had significantly more CVCs placed during treatment compared to patients without a VTE, indicating the need for better screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aim to evaluate the association between central venous catheter (CVC) insertion site and microbiological CVC complications in a nationwide cohort. Methods: This study was conducted using the healthcare-associated infection surveillance cohort "REA-REZO" involving 193 intensive care units (ICUs). All CVC inserted and removed during the same ICU stay between January 1st 2018 and December 31st 2022 were eligible but only those whose tips were sent for microbiological analysis were included. Primary objective was to describe CVC insertion sites and subsequent catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). Results: Out of 126,997 CVCs, 71,314 were not sent for tip culture, and only 55,663 CVCs were included, (30,548 in internal jugular [IJ], 14,423 in femoral and 10,692 in subclavian [SC] sites). The incidence of CRBSI was 0.7 [0.6–0.8] in the IJ site, 0.7 [0.6–0.9] in the femoral site, and 0.6 [0.4–0.7] CRBSI per 1000 CVC days in the SC site (p = 0.248). The multivariable Poisson regression model showed no differences of CRBSI incidence rates between the three insertion sites. Microorganisms observed in CRBSI were coagulase-negative Staphylococci (27.9%), Enterobacterales (27.5%), non-fermenting Gram-negative Bacilli (10.4%), Candida sp. (16.9%), and Staphylococcus aureus (16.9%). Conclusion: Low CRBSI incidence rates were reported. CRBSI incidences rates were similar in the three insertion sites. Uncertainty remains due to potential selection bias since many CVCs had to be excluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decision to convert from catheter to arteriovenous access is difficult yet very important. The ability to accurately predict fistula survival prior to surgery would significantly improve the decision making process. Many previously investigated demographic and clinical features have been associated with fistula failure. However, it is not conclusively understood how reliable predictions based on these parameters are at an individual level. The aim of this study was to investigate the probability of arteriovenous fistula maturation and survival after conversion using machine learning workflows. A retrospective cohort study on multicentre data from a large North American dialysis organisation was conducted. The study population comprised 73 031 chronic in centre haemodialysis patients. The dataset included 49 variables including demographic and clinical features. Two distinct feature selection and prediction pipelines were used: LASSO regression and Boruta followed by a random forest classifier. Predictions were facilitated for re-conversion to catheter within one year. Additionally, all cause mortality predictions were conducted to serve as a comparator. In total, 38 151 patients (52.2%) had complete data and made up the main cohort. Sensitivity analyses were conducted in 67 421 patients (92.3%) after eliminating variables with a high proportion of missing data points. Selected features diverged between datasets and workflows. A previously failed arteriovenous access appeared to be the most stable predictor for subsequent failure. Prediction of re-conversion based on the demographic and clinical information resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROCAUC) between 0.541 and 0.571, whereas models predicting all cause mortality performed considerably better (ROCAUC 0.662 – 0.683). While group level depiction of major adverse outcomes after catheter to arteriovenous fistula or graft conversion is possible using the included variables, patient level predictions are associated with limited performance. Factors during and after fistula creation as well as biomolecular and genetic biomarkers might be more relevant predictors of fistula survival than baseline clinical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aim Methods Results Conclusion To determine the impact of the protocol change from slow to fast enteral feeding progression on duration of central venous catheter placement, and the rates of late‐onset sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis.We compared the evolution of all very low‐birth‐weight infants admitted on their first postnatal day in neonatal intensive care unit during a 12‐month period, before (2021 Cohort) and after (2022 Cohort) implementation of a new feeding protocol. Linear regression model was used to adjust for confounding factors.A total of 343 VLBW infants were included (median gestational age ± SD 28.3 ± 1.7 weeks; median birth weight ± SD 980 ± 300 g). Median initial duration of central venous catheter was 5 days in 2022 cohort compared with 9 days in 2021 cohort (unadjusted p = 0.006, adjusted p = 0.001). Median time to achieve full enteral feeding was 8 days versus 12 days, p < 0.001, with no significant difference in late‐onset sepsis or necrotising enterocolitis rates.The change from slow to fast enteral feeding progression for very low‐birth‐weight infants significantly decreased the central venous catheter duration with no adverse outcomes. This is consistent with recent randomised study results and supports the safe implementation in neonatal intensive care units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with central lines face an increased risk of developing bacteremia. Preventing late-onset catheter-related infections relies on implementing various measures during manipulations of the catheter hub of central lines (e.g., during connections, disconnections, blood withdrawals, pulsed rinses, or injections performed at the first connection after the central catheter). French guidelines include, among these measures, the requirement to put on sterile gloves immediately before proximal manipulation to help prevent contamination of the catheter hub during preparation. To our knowledge, no study has reported compliance with wearing sterile gloves during these manipulations, nor the impact of not wearing sterile gloves on the cleanliness of the fingers of healthcare workers (HCWs) just before manipulating the connectors. Methods: We conducted a two-part study to assess compliance with sterile gloving and to provide direct microbiological evidence of bacterial contamination on HCWs' hands immediately before the manipulation of central lines when sterile gloving is not used. First, the use of sterile gloves was observed during proximal manipulations of central lines using a standardized grid. Second, we examined the microbial flora present on the fingers of each observed HCW just before proximal manipulation. Results: A total of 260 HCWs from 35 healthcare institutions were observed during proximal manipulation. The HCWs were distributed into three groups: 188 used sterile gloves (72%), 23 used nonsterile gloves (9%), and 49 did not wear gloves (19%). The swabbing of the fingertips revealed microbial cultures from 72 samples (28%). A total of 97 microorganisms were identified, all of which are well-recognized agents responsible for catheter-related bacteremia, predominantly coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 36) and Bacillus sp. (n = 31). Fingertip contamination was lower for HCWs wearing sterile gloves (27/188; 14%) than for those wearing nonsterile gloves (12/23; 52%) or not wearing gloves (33/49; 67%) (p < 0.001). The contaminants were similar across the three groups. Conclusions: Our data support the positive impact of sterile gloving in ensuring clean fingertips during proximal manipulation of central lines, a key measure in preventing late-onset catheter-related bacteremia. The contamination of sterile gloves in one out of seven HCWs highlights the need for a clean care environment and minimal contact with the patient's skin and surroundings during proximal manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite efforts to improve the management of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in literature, temporary CVCs continue to be used for maintenance hemodialysis outside of acute care settings, particularly in the Philippines. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the incidence, outcomes, risk factors, and microbiological patterns of CRBSI among adult kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Philippine General Hospital, the country's largest tertiary referral center. We included all adult patients who received a CVC for hemodialysis from January 1, 2018, to August 31, 2019, and followed them for six months to observe the occurrence of CRBSI and its outcomes. Results: Our study documented a CRBSI incidence rate of 6.72 episodes per 1000 catheter days, with a relapse rate of 5.08%, a reinfection rate of 15.74%, and a mortality rate of 6.09%. On multivariable regression analysis, we identified autoimmune disease, dialysis frequency of > 3 × per week, use of CVC for either blood transfusion or IV medications, renal hypoperfusion, drug-induced nephropathy, and hypertensive kidney disease as significant risk factors for CRBSI. Gram-negative bacteria, including B. cepacia complex, Enterobacter, and Acinetobacter spp, were the most common organisms causing CRBSI. Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) comprised almost half of the isolates (n = 89, 44.5%), with Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species having the highest proportion among gram-positive organisms and Acinetobacter spp. among gram-negative isolates. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the need for more stringent measures and interventions to prevent the propagation of identified pathogens, such as a review of sterile technique and adequate hygiene practices, continued surveillance, and expedited placement and utilization of long-term access for patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Furthermore, CVC use outside of hemodialysis should be discouraged, and common antibiotic regimens such as piperacillin-tazobactam and fluoroquinolones should be reviewed for their low sensitivity patterns among gram-negative isolates. Addressing these issues can improve hemodialysis patients' outcomes and reduce the CRBSI burden in our institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the compliance with French guidelines for the prevention of central venous catheter (CVC)-related infections in two university hospitals. Methods: An observational audit was conducted in 7 wards using a digital tool. Results: The prerequisite of hand hygiene (HH) were respected by 90% of health-care worker; 86% performed HH prior to equipment preparation and 59% repeated it prior to infusion. Wearing gloves when necessary and rinsing were respected in 46.7% and 75.6% of the observations. Conclusion: Findings showed an acceptable level of adherence to recommended practices for CVC management. However, barriers of unrespect evidence-based recommendations need to be investigated in depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short bowel syndrome is the most common reversible cause of intestinal failure. Most of the children are started on parenteral nutrition (PN) after surgery to enable growth and allow time for intestinal adaptation. This is a process whereby the shorter length of bowel is able to achieve complete function as if the entire length of bowel is present. With management advances, most children with short bowel syndrome can discontinue PN and establish full enteral feeds. This article mainly focuses on the complications of short bowel syndrome that need to be avoided for the child to achieve intestinal adaptation, establish on enteral feeds/oral diet and achieve enteral autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Central Venous Catheters (CVCs) are used for monitoring and managing critically-ill patients. However, their use can lead to serious infectious complications, resulting in significant morbidity, additional medical costs and mortality. Aim: To analyse the causative pathogens and the associated risk factors involved in the causation of central line-related infections and their outcomes. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted among 66 patients admitted to the 10-bed Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) at the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, SCB Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Cuttack, Odisha, India, from March 2021 to October 2022, who required central line placement for 48 hours or more. These patients were followed daily and upon the development of new-onset sepsis after 48 hours, two blood samples were collected from both central and peripheral sites for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing, after excluding other sources of infections. Results: The mean age of patients with CLABSI was 62.85±14.95 years, with the most commonly affected age group being 55-74 years. Total of 66 patients had CVCs in place for more than 48 hours, resulting in 664 catheter days. The overall rate of Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) was 30.12 per 1,000 catheter days. The risk factors significantly associated with the development of CLABSI were diabetes mellitus, duration of hospitalisation, APACHE score, length of ICU stay and days of catheter in-situ. However, multivariate analysis revealed that only the length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay (p=0.003) and the presence of diabetes (p=0.012) were independent predictors of acquiring CLABSI. The most common pathogens isolated were Acinetobacter (30%), followed by Enterococcus (25%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) (10%), Pseudomonas (10%) and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (5%). All Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens showed 100% sensitivity to linezolid, teicoplanin, vancomycin and polymyxin B, as well as tigecycline, respectively. The remaining strains were Multidrug Resistant (MDR). The overall mortality rate was 66.7%, with CLABSI-associated mortality at 60%. Conclusion: The incidence of CLABSI was high, with significant risk factors significantly associated were prolonged duration of catheterisation, length of hospital and ICU stays, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and diabetes mellitus. Gram-positive bacteria predominated, followed by Gram-negative bacteria, with a significant proportion of MDR organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) can result in worse outcomes and high hospitalization cost for patients. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of multi-department cooperation, intelligent prevention, and supervision (MDCIPS) in reducing the incidence of CLABSIs and improving the clinical outcomes of the patients. Key issues were identified through a literature review and survey on the status quo. A MDCIPS model was thus built. A total of 440 patients with indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs) were enrolled in the study. The control group (n = 219) received conventional infection-control managements, while the intervention group (n = 221) received MDCIPS interventions in addition to conventional infection-control managements. The number of CLABSIs patients, incidence of CLABSIs, average length of hospital stay, average total hospitalization cost, and disease outcomes were compared between the two groups. The intervention group had a significant reduction in the number and incidence of CLABSIs (0[0%] vs. 4[1.33%], P < 0.05). Two of the four patients with CLABSIs in the control group died. The average length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the control group than the intervention group (17 days vs. 13 days, P < 0.001). The average hospitalization cost in the control group was much higher than that in the intervention group (92.8 thousand yuan vs. 65.2 thousand yuan, P < 0.001). Patient outcome was improved in the intervention group than the control group (P = 0.001). In summary, the MDCIPS model effectively reduces the incidence of CLABSIs, alleviates the patients' economic burden, and improves the clinical outcomes of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the application effect of ultrasound-assisted vascular classification management in therapeutic apheresis (TA) patients.Methods A total of 174 patients undergoing TA in the Department of Hematology of a tertiary hospital in Xiamen from January 2019 to November 2023 were selected as the study subjects.According to the treatment time, they were divided into an observation group (January 2022 to November 2023) and a control group (January 2019 to December 2021), with 87 patients in each group.The control group had venous access placed by the TA team based on personal experience, while the observation group underwent vascular classification management assisted by B-mode ultrasound.The differences between the two groups were compared in terms of one-time puncture success rate, central venous catheter (CVC) usage rate, venous catheter complications, apheresis-related adverse reactions, venous catheter costs, and patient satisfaction.Results Both groups completed the TA.The one-time puncture success rate in the observation group was 93.1%, which was significantly higher than the 81.6% in the control group (P＜0.05). The CVC insertion rate and associated costs in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and patient satisfaction in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P＜0.05). Venous catheter complications in both groups were related to CVC, but there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate (P＞0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound-assisted vascular classification management can improve the one-time catheterization success rate and patient satisfaction in TA patients, while reducing the CVC insertion rate and associated costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aims of this study were to compare the results of ultrasound (US) guidance and the landmark (LM) technique for central venous catheter (CVC) placement in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) as performed by clinicians. Material and Methods: The patients were divided into two groups according to the technique used: an LM group (459 patients) and a US-guided group (200 patients). We evaluated the success rate, the number of attempts, and the complication rates based on each patient's age and weight. Results: The time required for the successful placement of the CVC was significantly different between the two groups: 10.9±10.8 min in the LM group and 8.1±7.6 min in the US-guided group (p=0.012). Additionally, the average number of attempts for successful catheterization was 1.8±0.8 in the US-guided group; and 2.5 ± 1.4 in the LM group (p=0.024). A total of 115 (17.3%) complications were noted: 24 (3.6%) in the US-guided group and 91 (13.7%) in the LM group (p=0.014). The frequency of complications decreased as the age and weight of the patients increased. When the inserted catheters used by ultrasound were evaluated, 59.5% of them were placed by clinicians who had ultrasound training while 40.5% were inserted by clinicians who did not have ultrasound training. There was no significant difference in the complication rate, number of punctures, and success rates between the ultrasound-trained and untrained clinicians (p=0.476). Conclusion: This is the largest multicenter study comparing the US-guided vs. LM technique for CVC placement in children. We believe that the US-guided CVC procedure is more safe and takes less time than the LM technique. Also, point-of-care ultrasound is useful, beneficial, and easily available for pediatric intensivists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the pandemic of COVID-19, the rates of bloodstream infection associated with venous catheter in patients infected with the disease admitted to an intensive care unit rose significantly. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of bloodstream infections in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and the variables that made the patients more susceptible to the catheter-associated bloodstream infection (CABSI). Blood culture results from patients interned between March 2020 and December 2021 (n= 109) were collected electronically from the hospital information system and then analyzed. The following variables presented statistical relevance after an adjusted model as follows: obesity (p = 0.003) and time of use of catheter before infection (p = 0.019). In conclusion, patients with shorter catheter use time and obesity had higher incidence of CABSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]