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Objective: To investigate the long-term efficacy of computerized cognitive training in improving cognitive outcomes among childhood cancer survivors.Methods: Sixty-eight survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or brain tumor (BT) were randomly assigned to computerized cognitive intervention (23 ALL/11 BT, age = 12.21 ± 2.47) or a waitlist control group (24 ALL/10 BT, age = 11.82 ± 2.42). Cognitive assessments were completed pre-, immediately post-, and 6 months postintervention.Results: A prior report showed training led to immediate improvement in working memory, attention and processing speed. In the current study, piecewise linear mixed effects modeling revealed that working memory and processing speed were unchanged from immediate to 6 months postintervention (intervention β  = -.04 to .01, p = .26 to .95; control β  = -.06 to .01, p = .23-.97), but group differences on an attention measure did not persist.Conclusion: Cognitive benefits are maintained 6 months following computerized cognitive training, adding to potential clinical utility of this intervention approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses electronic counseling (e-counselling), which is used for providing psychotherapy and counseling services to people through electronic communication. Particular focus is given to the development of digital media and online connectivity, suggesting that it has replaced the traditional means of communication. The impact of technological advances on human attitudes and psychological assessment is also discussed.

Aims Training has been shown to improve the ability of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) to perform some cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) tasks. This study used a computerised training paradigm with the aim of improving the ability of people with IDs to: a) discriminate between behaviours, thoughts and feelings, and b) link situations, thoughts and feelings. Methods Fifty-five people with mild-to-moderate IDs were randomly assigned to a training or attention-control condition in a single-blind mixed experimental design. Computerised tasks assessed the participants’ skills in: (a) discriminating between behaviours, thoughts and feelings (separately and pooled together), and (b) cognitive mediation by selecting appropriate emotions as consequences to given thoughts, and appropriate thoughts as mediators of given emotions. Results Training significantly improved ability to discriminate between behaviours, thoughts and feelings pooled together, compared to the attention-control condition, even when controlling for baseline scores and IQ. Large within-group improvements in the ability to identify behaviours and feelings were observed for the training condition, but not the attention-control group. There were no significant between-group differences in ability to identify thoughts, or on cognitive mediation skills. Conclusions A single session of computerised training can improve the ability of people with IDs to understand and practise CBT tasks relating to behaviours and feelings. There is potential for computerised training to be used as a “primer” for CBT with people with IDs to improve engagement and outcomes, but further development on a specific computerised cognitive mediation task is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report the impact of the Indigenous e-mental health training course 'Yarning about Indigenous Mental Health using the AIMhi Stay Strong App'.Method: Participants were trained in e-mental health and the use of one of the first culturally adapted e-mental health interventions - The AIMhi Stay Strong App. Between October 2013 and December 2014, 138 participants completed the 'Yarning about Indigenous Mental Health using the AIMhi Stay Strong App' training course and 130 completed pre- and post-training questionnaires to explore knowledge and confidence in a number of areas trained.Results: Paired t-tests showed significant improvements across all measures of skill and knowledge except for confidence in using computers.Conclusions: E-mental health is a relatively new development that may contribute to improved access to mental health services for rural and remote Indigenous Australians, particularly where such tools are culturally adapted. Whilst current knowledge and use of e-mental health tools in this group of Northern Territory service providers was limited, perceived knowledge and confidence in use was significantly improved following training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: Background: There is a need for brief, accurate screening when assessing multiple mental disorders. Two-stage hierarchical screening, consisting of brief pre-screening followed by a battery of disorder-specific scales for those who meet diagnostic criteria, may increase the efficiency of screening without sacrificing precision. This study tested whether more efficient screening could be gained using two-stage hierarchical screening than by administering multiple separate tests. Method: Two Australian adult samples (N=1990) with high rates of psychopathology were recruited using Facebook advertising to examine four methods of hierarchical screening for four mental disorders: major depressive disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and social phobia. Results: Using K6 scores to determine whether full screening was required did not increase screening efficiency. However, pre-screening based on two decision tree approaches or item gating led to considerable reductions in the mean number of items presented per disorder screened, with estimated item reductions of up to 54%. The sensitivity of these hierarchical methods approached 100% relative to the full screening battery. Limitations: Further testing of the hierarchical screening approach based on clinical criteria and in other samples is warranted. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that a two-phase hierarchical approach to screening multiple mental disorders leads to considerable increases efficiency gains without reducing accuracy. Screening programs should take advantage of prescreeners based on gating items or decision trees to reduce the burden on respondents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Meta-analysis can be valuable if it heeds its originators' caution that intimate communing with the data is essential. A critique of the authors' own meta-analysis shows that the danger of overly broad conclusions could be reduced by attention to specificities and awareness of potentially hidden sources of variance. Conclusions from even good meta-analyses are best placed in perspective, along with naturalistic reviews, open studies, and even anecdotes to yield a fair picture of what computer-aided psychotherapy or any other treatment can achieve under varying conditions. The most realistic picture comes from zooming in and out and melding meta-analyses with further types of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with schizophrenia have consistently been found to exhibit cognitive deficits, particularly in memory, which have been suggested to mediate functional outcomes. Several recent reviews of cognitive retraining have concluded that these deficits respond to training, although the sustainability of cognitive improvement following completion of training has not been adequately evaluated. Most studies had small samples and very short follow-up periods. As part of a larger study, we examined performance on two memory tasks in two groups of participants: those who received computerized cognitive remediation training in addition to work therapy (n=45), vs. those who only received work therapy (n=49). Computerized cognitive remediation included hierarchical training on a computerized digit span task and a computerized words serial position task. Assessments using the same computerized tasks were made at three time points: baseline, end of active intervention, and 6-month follow-up. Compared to the active control condition (work therapy only), the group receiving computerized cognitive remediation in addition to work therapy showed significantly greater improvements on the trained digit span task following training. These improvements were maintained at the 6-month follow-up. There were no significant group differences on the word serial position task at any time point. Results indicate that computerized training can lead to sustained improvements on some, but not all, training tasks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Computer programs designed to collect clinical information from patients have been extant for a number of years. Recent efforts, however, have focused on the development of computerized forms of psychotherapy. Cognitive therapy has been modified for use in such computerized psychotherapy programs, primarily because of its structured format, logical approach to therapy, and its empirically demonstrated efficacy. We present a case study in which a computerized form of cognitive psychotherapy was used to treat a depressed, hospitalized patient. The interactions between the patient, the computer, and the personnel involved in assisting the patient with the computerized psychotherapy suggest that the interpersonal context in which the computerized therapy takes place is essential to the treatment process. Moreover, the case suggests that the interpersonal processes which occur during the delivery of CT in any form are essential to its effective delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at the possible use of artificial intelligence (AI) to develop computers programmed to provide psychotherapy. It cites an early computerized therapy program called ELIZA, developed in the 1960s, and discusses challenges in making such programs effective including building in entrainment, or the tendency of people to monitor and mimic each other's emotions during conversation. Comments are presented from psychologist Albert "Skip" Rizzo.

This installment looks at the work of Claude McCoy, a psychiatrist who creates digital art. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Research on Internet-based interventions typically use digital versions of pen and paper self-report symptom scales. However, adaptation into the digital format could affect the psychometric properties of established self-report scales. Several studies have investigated differences between digital and pen and paper versions of instruments, but no systematic review of the results has yet been done. Objective: This review aims to assess the interformat reliability of self-report symptom scales used in digital or online psychotherapy research. Methods: Three databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO) were systematically reviewed for studies investigating the reliability between digital and pen and paper versions of psychiatric symptom scales. Results: From a total of 1504 publications, 33 were included in the review, and interformat reliability of 40 different symptom scales was assessed. Significant differences in mean total scores between formats were found in 10 of 62 analyses. These differences were found in just a few studies, which indicates that the results were due to study effects and sample effects rather than unreliable instruments. The interformat reliability ranged from r=.35 to r=.99; however, the majority of instruments showed a strong correlation between format scores. The quality of the included studies varied, and several studies had insufficient power to detect small differences between formats. Conclusions: When digital versions of self-report symptom scales are compared to pen and paper versions, most scales show high interformat reliability. This supports the reliability of results obtained in psychotherapy research on the Internet and the comparability of the results to traditional psychotherapy research. There are, however, some instruments that consistently show low interformat reliability, suggesting that these conclusions cannot be generalized to all questionnaires. Most studies had at least some methodological issues with insufficient statistical power being the most common issue. Future studies should preferably provide information about the transformation of the instrument into digital format and the procedure for data collection in more detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]