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Ingvarsson and Hollobaugh (2011) investigated tact- or echoic-to-intraverbal transfer of stimulus control to "wh" questions for three preschool-aged boys with autism. The current study was a systematic replication of this study with an adolescent girl with Down syndrome. A multi-element design was used to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of picture or echoic prompts presented on an iPad or in vivo to teach "wh" questions. All prompt conditions were effective. Conclusions and recommendations for practice are presented.

Understanding aquifer architecture is critical for managing groundwater resources in western Canada. Recent regulations have yielded abundant new gamma-ray well-log data from the principal aquifer in Alberta, the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation. A major obstacle to utilizing this data is the fact that gamma-ray measurements in the shallow subsurface are made through surface casing, which suppresses gamma-ray readings and effectively prohibits stratigraphic characterization. Here we describe and demonstrate a relatively simple and efficient method for normalizing gamma-ray data from stratigraphic horizons that are behind surface casing and apply this method to the Paskapoo Formation in west-central Alberta. The gamma-ray normalization procedure adjusts the cased gamma-ray values so that high and low percentile values of the resulting gamma-ray statistical distribution are equal to those of the non-cased values. The effectiveness of this procedure is demonstrated by comparing the normalized gamma-ray values from cased intervals with those from nearby wells without casing. Good matches between these wells, as well as the transition between normalized curves at the base of cased zones and the gamma-ray curves at the uppermost portion of uncased zones, suggest this methodology is effective for studying the Paskapoo Formation. The normalized curve allows cased and uncased intervals to be correlated, enabling improved stratigraphic characterization and mapping of fluvial sand bodies behind surface casing. This new data provides the framework for better characterization of aquifer dimensions and the derivation of stratigraphic parameters used to constrain hydrogeological models and enhance groundwater recovery. Pour gerer les ressources d'eau souterraine dans l'Ouest canadien, il est essentiel de comprendre l'architecture des aquiferes. De recentes reglementations ont permis d'obtenir de grandes quantites de donnees de diagraphie de puits par carottage au rayonnement gamma sur le principal aquifere de l'Alberta, la Formation de Paskapoo (Paleocene). Un des principaux obstacles a l'utilisation de ces donnees est le fait que les mesures par rayonnement gamma a de faibles profondeurs sous la surface sont effectuees a travers le tubage de surface, ce qui supprime les lectures de rayonnement gamma et empeche une caracterisation stratigraphique efficace. Dans le present article, nous decrivons et demontrons une methode relativement simple et efficace de normalisation des donnees de rayonnement gamma des horizons stratigraphiques qui se trouvent derriere le tubage de surface et nous appliquons cette methode a la Formation de Paskapoo dans le centre-ouest de l'Alberta. La procedure de normalisation du rayonnement gamma ajuste les valeurs 'encaissees'de rayonnement gamma afin que les valeurs percentiles, basses et elevees, de la distribution resultante de rayonnement gamma soient egales a celles des valeurs non'encaissees'. L'efficacite de cette procedure est demontree en comparant les valeurs de rayonnement gamma normalisees des intervalles encaisses a celles provenant de puits avoisinants sans tubage. En raison des bonnes concordances entre ces puits, et la transition entre les courbes normalisees a la base des zones encaissees et les courbes de rayonnement gamma a la partie superieure des zones non encaissees, cette methode serait efficace pour etudier la Formation de Paskapoo. La courbe normalisee permet la correlation des intervalles encaisses et des intervalles non encaisses, ce qui conduit a une amelioration de la caracterisation stratigraphique et de la cartographie des amas de sable fluvial a l'arriere du tubage de surface. Ces nouvelles donnees fournissent le cadre pour une meilleure caracterisation des dimensions des aquiferes et le calcul de parametres stratigraphiques utilises pour contraindre les modeles hydrogeologiques et rehausser la recuperation d'eau souterraine. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction The Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) of Alberta, Canada (Fig. 1), is one of the most intensely explored regions in North America, with thousands of new wells being drilled [...]

Conventional and sterically stabilized liposomes derived from phosphatidylcholine or the antitumor agents, hexadecylphosphocholine and octadecyl-(1,1-dimethyl-4-piperidino-4-yl)-phosphate, as bilayer forming constituents, containing bleomycin, were developed and tested. Liposomal encapsulation of bleomycin enhanced strongly the antitumor activity against P388 leukemia and the Lewis lung carcinoma. This effect was clearly dependent on the size and lipid composition of the bleomycin-containing liposomes. The therapeutic effects were nearly equal for liposomal and free bleomycin in the B16 melanoma. The partial replacement of phosphatidylcholine by alkylphospholipids and the inclusion of polyethylene glycol modified lipids for sterical stabilization did not further improve the therapeutic efficacy but increased, in some cases, the toxicity of liposomes. Bleomycin-induced lung injury was not observed if liposomal bleomycin was administered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unit wide behavioral programming system for high functioning mentally retarded clients who displayed maladaptive behavioral excesses was developed and implemented on a coeducational institutional living unit for 7 months. Significant clinical reductions were achieved in client injuries, broken windows, emergency, restraint usage, the percent of clients receiving psychotropic medications and medication dosages. These reductions continued during the program’s maintenance phase. A number of factors are discussed that appear to have contributed to the program’s success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the treatment of the sexually deviant behavior of mentally retarded individuals. The aversive imagery conditioning was conducted in a darkened room with the client relaxing on a couch in order to facilitate the imagery process. The treatment consisted of pairing painful faradic shock with the imagined and/or actual act of exhibitionism.

Calcium excretion and deposition were studied during sporogenesis in the myxomycete, Physarella oblonga. Prior to fruiting, the migrating vegetative plasmodium contains numerous, large channels connected to the external environment. During early sporangial development, these channels become smaller and are isolated as channel remnants. Plasmodial microfilament bundles also disappear at this time. Internally, two types of spheres, each about 0.5-1.5 μm in diameter, are formed in the channel remnants. A dense sphere appears to originate from small particles initially secreted from the mitochondria. These particles then enter the channels and channel remnants by reverse pinocytosis and fuse to form the dense spheres. A second, less dense sphere has no detectable cytoplasmic origin but also appears to form in the channels and channel remnants. Both types of spheres are concentrated by the fusion of channel remnants to form enlarged regions (knots and spikes) of the developing capillitium. Some of the channel remnants also fuse with the outer surface of the sporangium, depositing both spheres to the outside. Both spheres have been studied by various light and electron microscopic techniques and with specific histochemical and analytical procedures. The less dense spheres appear to contain a major portion of calcium in the form of calcium carbonate. These results are compared to other recent studies on calcium deposition in the Myxomycetes and a different mechanism for calcium deposition is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the induction of hypertriglyceridemia. Use of rats as animal model; Feeding regimens with and without 13-cis-retinoic acid; Levels of Triglyceride and arachidonic acid.