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This article covers contemporary achievements in the sphere of bilingualism, deepens the understanding of such phenomena as diglossia and language interference. Aim. We’ve tried to systematize the types of bilingualism based on different methods of classification. Matherials and Methods. Systems’ comparative and typological analysis. Results. The conducted analyses showed that bilingualism (as a phenomenon) has a number of common and specific features depending on many social indexes. We’ve compared the views of foreign and Russian scientists on the problem. The result is more exact understanding of bilingualism linguistic model. Conclusions. Mass bilingualism has become the norm of contemporary society

Translation theory has adopted to differentiate two values of the term translation: process and productive. Process as the first translation value is defined most often as a special type of speech activity. In this article translation is defined as the interconnected usage of receptive and productive types of speech activity; this is carried out for the reproductive purposes of replacing the interpreted text with equivalent text in the other language at a duplication already made or still ongoing communicative activity. The text received, as a result of such replacement, is bearing the second value of the term translation. The main criterion of the successful translation is the equivalence of the two texts. Equivalence is reached at different levels: 1) level of language signs (words); 2) statement level; 3) level (structures) of the message; 4) level of the description of a situation; 5) communication purpose level.

The application of educational translation in a certain degree belongs to all main aims of learning Russian among foreign philologists-specialists in Russian philology. The successful application of educational translation in many respects depends on degree of compliance to subjective interests of students. Different types of educational translation are widely applied to satisfaction of certain motives of language studying: informative, subject and functional, esthetic, entertaining, etc. The proper correlation of educational translation, monolingual speech training and practice promotes formation of the necessary motivational base which improves the studying process in whole.

Laugh - quite a complex phenomenon that requires a detailed multidimensional analysis. That is why there is a huge amount of research approaches to its study. Laughter can be studied in different aspects: the aesthetic, philosophical, aesthetic, cultural, historical, psychophysiological, and other research material and tasks define the approach to the analysis of laughter.