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In this paper, we discuss estimating the fuzzy parameters of the ExponentialRayleigh distribution using the Progressive Censored sample for the Rank Set method to become the proposed Rank Set Sampling estimation Method (RSSEM) in Censoring sample using the Newton-Raphson method to determine the parameter estimate values. Then utilizing Al Karkh General Hospital-Ministry of Health and Environment in Iraq for providing information about the actual data for COVID-19. To ascertain the Chi-square test was used. The distribution of the using sample is the Exponential-Rayleigh distribution. (ER). Then, we estimate the probability density function, hazard function, and survival function. To follow the estimation of the parameters and ER distribution's fuzzy parameters, we use the suggested approach. Moreover, to find the efficiency of the estimators, we use the mean square error of the survival function: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent studies about effective leader behavior reveal that the ability of managers to perform a clear vision in daily work will strongly evoke employee learning behavior and consequently lead to higher green proactive behavior. This study investigate the direct and indirect effects of this visionary leadership towards both employee learning behavior and green proactive behavior. This survey using cross sectional design using data of 226 leaders were gathered from the Policy Makers in Peninsular Malaysia. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and SmartPLS are used to analyze the findings. The results show that learning behavior is able to act as an effective mediating variable in the relationship between visionary leadership (effective communication and feedback) with green proactive behavior. In conclusion, this study reports that a leader's ability to demonstrate effective visionary leadership can enhance employees' commitment to mastering new learning diligently. As a result, this learning behavior can also positively enhance green proactive behavior within the studied organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy agricultural ecosystems underpin both environmental and societal sustainability. In January 2024, Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates officially joined BRICS, expanding their crucial role in shaping global economies and sustainable development. To fully assess the current state of agroecosystem research in BRICS+ nations and gain an in-depth understanding of their contributions to the environmental domain, this study systematically examined the contributions of BRICS+ nations to agroecosystems using bibliometric methods. A total of 392 papers from the 2023 Web of Science database were comprehensively analyzed using tools of VOSviewer and Scimago Graphica. The criteria for data collection were the selection of English-language articles on agroecosystems from BRICS+ nations published in 2023. The key findings included enriching research by Chinese scholars, the highly cited article by Liu et al., the notable role of the China Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, and the impact of Science of the Total Environment and Elsevier. The main research topics covered economic growth, agroecosystem management, healthy soil element cycling, and plant studies. Hot keywords included soil, rhizosphere, rice, fertilization, and use efficiency. This study provided a comprehensive and detailed framework for future research and contributed to the global sustainable development agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between leadership practices in training programs, motivational climate and skill development. A questionnaire was used to collect data from employees at the Administration Centre in Malaysia. The SmartPLS software was employed to evaluate the data quality of the questionnaire and test the study hypotheses. The results of the SmartPLS path model analysis indicate that the impact of leadership practices in training programs on skill development is indirectly influenced by motivational climate. The results of the SmartPLS path model analysis indicate that the impact of leadership practices in training programs on skill development is indirectly influenced by motivational climate. The study findings explain that a leader's ability to regularly practice leadership practices in training programs in the execution of daily work operations can generate a motivational climate within the organization. Consequently, this motivation can further encourage individuals to enhance effective skill development. The findings of this study can serve as a guide for practitioners to understand the intricacies of the motivational climate concept and to formulate strategic action plans to improve leadership skills in order to achieve and maintain the goals and strategies of the organization in the era of globalization and knowledge-based economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent empirical studies have recognised that trainee motivation indirectly influences the relationship between leadership training programmes and productivity. Although this relationship has been widely studied, the role of trainee motivation as a mediating variable has not been discussed in detail in the training management literature. This study focuses on the relationship between leadership training programmes and productivity and examines the role of trainee motivation as a mediating variable. A survey method was used to gather 328 sets of questionnaires from various categories of positions in the central administration sector, in Malaysia. This study employed SmartPLS programme path model analysis to evaluate the measurement and structural models and further examine the significance level of the research hypotheses. The results of path model analysis testing confirm that trainee motivation indirectly influences the relationship between leadership training programmes and productivity. This study's findings can be used as important certificates by management to understand the diversity of perspectives on trainee motivation and design a training programme master plan that can increase employee inspiration to succeed and maintain the organisation's strategies and goals in an era of global competition and an unstable economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This inquiry examines the downfall of the Umayyad Caliphate in Cordoba, Andalus (Spain), in 1031 CE, which signaled the end of almost three centuries of Umayyad dominance in the region under Islamic governance. The primary objective of this study is to scrutinize the factors contributing to the demise of the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalus, drawing upon the insights presented by Ibn Khaldun. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study utilized content analysis methodology to examine pertinent documents and additional written sources. The findings of this research, as per Ibn Khaldun’s theories, identified critical elements that precipitated the collapse of the Umayyad government. These included a failed state, political disintegration, severe financial crises stemming from the erosion of social solidarity, a decline in the sense of belonging (‘asabiyyah), instances of injustice and tyranny, a culture of opulence, and weakened religious adherence. Ultimately, the populace of Andalus withdrew their support for the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to a diminishing sense of social solidarity. Consequently, the Islamic civilization in Andalus underwent a gradual decline, culminating in its destruction by external forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The foundation of a successful business is essentially the level of consumer response to a product or service offered. Entrepreneurs’ abilitities to cater to their consumers’ needs are one of their secrets to success. Hence, the objective of this study is to uncover the secrets of business success, particularly the business lures that have helped Kelantan entrepreneurs to popularise products or services they offer. A qualitative approach was used to analyse the interview data according to themes. The study found five factors which determined the business success of the selected Malay Kelantanese entrepreneurs. These factors were: they were persistent in asking for help from Allah, they strived to be approachable entrepreneurs, and they cultivated positive entrepreneurial virtues such as having an honourable personality, being creative, and innovative, as well as being bold in their marketing strategy. Although the findings are not representative of all Malay entrepreneurs in Malaysia, this study can, however, serve as a source of reference to encourage other entrepreneurs to emulate the business success of the selected entrepreneurs. Apart from that, it can encourage awareness among the Muslim entrepreneurs, about the importance of managing a business in accordance with the Islamic laws

Ibn Khaldun, one of the most prominent Muslim social scientists of the Middle Ages, is famed for his historical ideas and unique insights into the emergence and collapse of civilisations. This study aims to explore the relationship between man and nature in light of Ibn Khaldun's greatest work, The Muqaddimah. A vast number of scholars have examined human civilisation from various perspectives as expounded in the Muqaddimah but works dedicated to the relationship between man and nature are still few. As a result, this article investigates Ibn Khaldun's view of the relationship between man and nature through a qualitative content analysis of the Muqaddimah. Since Ibn Khaldun was a great Muslim thinker who had a deep effect on the Muslim world, his concept of the relationship between man and nature is readily accepted by Muslims and may play a constructive role in environmental conservation in the Muslim world. After reading and analysing the Muqaddimah, this article concluded that Ibn Khaldun's examination of the link between man and nature can be found in every chapter. He thinks that the environment has a significant impact on individuals and human civilisation, as well as he advocates that man should respect nature and utilize it rationally to sustain civilisation's healthy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excellence of Islamic civilization achieved in Andalus at the end of the 10th century AD had recorded great achievements especially in terms of politics, economy, as well as social and scholarly activities. In fact, these achievements were also recognized by Ibn Khaldun in his work entitled Muqaddimah. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors that led to the excellence of Islamic civilization in Andalus based on Ibn Khaldun's theory of 'umran. This study uses a qualitative approach through literature review and content analysis methods on primary and secondary sources. The results of the study found that there were factors contributing to the excellence of Islamic civilization in Andalus such as a systematic and effective government system, progress in economic activities, conducive and safe urban development, tolerance of races and religions, and support for scholarly activities. These factors are also among the elements highlighted by Ibn Khaldun through his 'umran theory discussed in his book, Muqaddimah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is common that the history of Pulau Pinang is often affiliated with the British as pioneers even among Malaysians, almost to the point of no return. This is despite the fact that there have been Malay groups of both local and regional origins who have made Pulau Pinang their homeland long before the coming of the British. Of the second group, Rawa people from West Sumatra are strangers neither to Pulau Pinang Island nor the mainland area that formed part of the northern state i.e. Seberang Perai. Adopting a content analysis approach via library research and qualitative methods, plus interviews involving the Rawa people of the state, the paper aims to highlight the often-dismissed fact that the Rawa people along with some other Sumatran migrant groups have contributed to the early development of Pulau Pinang. Only recently that several studies come to prove the existence of Malay settlements on the Island prior to its so-called foundation by a British explorer representing the British East India Company, Francis Light in 1786. This paper is to provide further proof in that direction as the early Malay settlers deserved acknowledgment for the contributions made and recognition for the legacies left behind. Apart from assessing various reasons for the Rawa migration and their early areas of settlements, more importantly, the paper demonstrates that the Rawa migrants throughout their long years of existence in the state have contributed to the socio-economic and political developments of Pulau Pinang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gazi Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of soft tissue and primary osteosarcoma of the subcutaneous tissue is a rarer one. So far only one such case has been reported. Case report: We report a case of extraskeletal osteosarcoma arising in the subcutaneous tissue of anterior abdominal wall. A 36 year old man presented to Hospital University Science of Malaysia (HUSM) with recurrent epigastric pain and anterior abdominal lump for 2 weeks. Chest and abdominal X-ray were reported as normal. Ultrasound of the abdomen showed a small heterogenous hypodense lesion with wall of calcification in the subcutaneous tissue of epigastric region suggestive of a haematoma. Microscopically, the lesion showed a tumor composed of extensive osteoid formation and bone deposition. Many of the osteiod were rimmed by plump osteoblast with round nucleus, prominent nucleoli and moderate amount of cytoplasm. Some foci were highly cellular revealing round to spindle pleomorphic cells laying down osteoid in the form of interconnecting network.Mitoses were frequent with few osteoclast like giant cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, this case demonstrates that, radiological imaging can help in the diagnosis of extraskeletal osteosarcoma. However, a biopsy is mandatory for a definitive diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]