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The sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) is the smallest-bodied endangered species among the six native sturgeon species of the Danube River, and self-sustaining populations still inhabit the Hungarian section of the Danube River and its largest tributary, the Tisza River. Their populations are drastically decreasing; however, they still have natural reproduction in these habitats. For the genetic conservation of the species, an ex situ gene bank is maintained in Hungary. The present study aimed to analyze the genetic resources of a gene bank with a near 40-year history and to compare it with natural populations and farmed stocks. Twelve microsatellites were used for population genetics analyses and individual genotyping of 268 specimens from two natural habitats (Danube and Tisza Rivers) and three captive stocks (a gene bank broodstock and two farms). Microsatellites revealed similar patterns among wild populations and gene bank stocks and did not show genetic differentiation (FST: 0.016–0.017) among them. These results confirmed that the gene bank broodstock properly represents the genetic background of the Danube and Tisza populations and is suitable as a source of breeding materials for the restocking programs. Negative trends were detected in the farmed stocks, reflected in reduced polymorphism at a few loci. The results of the principal component analyses indicate the farm stocks' separation from the wild and gene bank stocks. The present genetic characterization study reveals a valuable captive stock of the endangered sterlet populations and provides unique information about the genetic similarities and differences among farms and wild stocks in Hungary. Our results provide information that contributes to preserving the genetic structure and variability in sterlet populations and supports the management of gene bank broodstock—avoiding inbreeding and preserving the unique genetic background of the Carpathian basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diatoms are important primary producers in marine and freshwater environments, but little is known about the signalling mechanisms they use to detect changes in their environment. All eukaryotic organisms use Ca2+ signalling to perceive and respond to environmental stimuli, employing a range of Ca2+-permeable ion channels to facilitate the movement of Ca2+ across cellular membranes. We investigated the distribution of different families of Ca2+ channels in diatom genomes, with comparison to other members of the stramenopile lineage. The four-domain voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Cav) are present in some centric diatoms but almost completely absent in pennate diatoms, whereas single-domain voltage-gated EukCatA channels were found in all diatoms. Glutamate receptors (GLRs) and pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) also appear to have been lost in several pennate species. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are present in all diatoms, but have not undergone the significant expansion seen in brown algae. All diatom species analysed lacked the mitochondrial uniporter (MCU), a highly conserved channel type found in many eukaryotes, including several stramenopile lineages. These results highlight the unique Ca2+-signalling toolkit of diatoms and indicate that evolutionary gains or losses of different Ca2+ channels may contribute to differences in cellular-signalling mechanisms between species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft tissue injuries (STIs) are the most common cause of extremity pain and motion dysfunction. Persistent inflammatory activation of immune cells characterized by senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and mitochondrial stress are considered the primary causes of STIs, a pathological process also termed inflammaging. Meanwhile, scavenging excessive "cellular waste" in the inflammaging microenvironment and further activating tissue repair processes remain elusive. Herein, an anti‐inflammaging photothermal hydrogel microneedle patch for treating STIs is developed. Taurine‐loaded Prussian blue nanoparticles (Taurine@PB) are encapsulated in a methacrylate‐based hyaluronic acid hydrogel (HAMA) and further fabricated into taurine@PB@HAMA@microneedles (TPH@MN) patches. The acidic microenvironment of chronic inflammation and mild photothermal effects promote taurine release and anti‐inflammaging immunomodulation, inhibiting mitochondrial stress via the SIRT3‐NF‐κB axis to promote glycolytic metabolic microenvironment of neutrophils reprogramming toward oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Furthermore, TPH@MN activates macrophage efferocytosis and initiates the process of tissue repair. In mouse models of chronic diabetic wounds and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle injury, TPH@MN inhibits SASP expression and promotes STIs healing through thermosensitized anti‐inflammaging immunomodulation. In summary, TPH@MN circumvents the side effects of systemic administration, providing new translatable options in the treatment modalities for patients suffering from STIs worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the cavitation erosion of structural materials widely used in aviation hydraulic drives. The effect of the air saturation of the working fluid on the intensity of the cavitation erosion of structural materials was determined. It is proposed to use as a cavitation generator a throttle device functioning in the mode of developed cavitation when investigating the cavitation resistance of structural materials. The effectiveness of throttle cavitation generators was evaluated based on their flowdifference characteristics. The design of the cavitation chamber for testing structural materials for cavitation resistance is presented. A mechanism of cavitation erosion is proposed, in which the mechanical influence of shock waves and microjets on the surface of the test sample dominates. The incubation period of structural materials that are widely used in hydraulic engineering and their cavitation resistance are determined. The rate of cavitation erosion caused by the supply pressure on the cavitation generator was studied. It was determined that the cavitation erosion of plastic materials occurs almost linearly, while for solid materials the nonlinear dependence is observed. It is proposed to increase the fatigue life of structural materials, which are widely used in aircraft construction, by cavitation treatment of their surface within the incubation period of the cavitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows results of the exploration of the petroleum products quantity control systems in horizontal tanks which use as the basic different physical phenomena. There are few directions of research. The first problem which was recognised is analysis of phase transitions of petroleum products. The exploration has revealed that petroleum products nearby tanks (in air and ground) can considerably exceed standards and losses are rising. As a result the petroleum products quantity control systems are used. Another problem which article shows is imperfect technical solutions during the formation of such systems. Modern quantity control systems were exploded. It was analyzed perspective devices and theory in discovering of new method for level control systems in tanks. Differentiations of the constituent elements of the petroleum products quantity control systems by nominating additional requirements during the design were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Problems of Friction & Wear is the property of National Aviation University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neurocutaneous disorders, also known as phakomatoses, are congenital and acquired syndromes resulting in simultaneous neurologic and cutaneous involvement. In several of these conditions, the genetic phenomenon is understood, providing a pivotal role in the development of therapeutic options. This review encompasses the discussion of the genetic and clinical involvement of neurocutaneous disorders, and examines clinical management and treatment options. With the current advances in genetics, the role of precision medicine and targeted therapy play a substantial role in addressing the management of these conditions. The interconnectedness between therapeutic options highlights the importance of precision medicine in treating each disorder's unique molecular pathway. This review provides an extensive synthesis of ongoing and current therapeutics in the management of such clinically unique and challenging conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new, simplified protocol for determining particulate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels allows for the assessment of microbial biomass distribution in aquatic systems at a high temporal and spatial resolution. A comparison of ATP data with related variables, such as particulate carbon, nitrogen, chlorophyll, and turbidity in pelagic samples, yielded significant and strong correlations in a gradient from the tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay (sigma-t = 8) to the open North Atlantic (sigma-t = 29). Correlations varied between ATP and biomass depending on the microscopic method employed. Despite the much greater effort involved, biomass determined by microscopy correlated poorly with other indicator variables including carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll. The ATP values presented here fit well within the range of ATP biomass estimates in the literature for similar environments. A compilation of prior research data from a wide range of marine habitats demonstrated that ATP values can be ranked according to broad trophic gradients, from the deep sea to eutrophic inland waters. Using a mass-based conversion factor of 250, the contribution of biomass to overall particulate organic carbon (POC) ranged from 15% to 30% along the gradient, from the open ocean to locations in the Chesapeake Bay respectively. Our data corroborate the notion that ATP, due to its consistency and simplicity, is a promising high-throughput indicator of cytoplasm volume with distinct benefits over cell counts and measures of chlorophyll or POC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of the article was to verify the thesis that acoustic studies of ichthyofauna in lakes provide sufficient information to determine the necessity (or lack thereof) of carrying out a full procedure for assessing the ecological status based on fish. The manuscript compares acoustic data collected in 2008 and 2021 in Lake Dejguny (Poland) as a result of acquisition carried out with the same EY-500 echosounder, on the same routes (transects), and the echogram analyses were carried out using software dedicated to this echosounder. Target strength (TS) distribution was determined in the lake and in individual water layers with a thickness of 2 m, as well as, using the mapping method, changes in the distribution of fish in selected water layers. Large changes in TS distribution in the vertical profile were demonstrated between both years of the study, as well as a clear reduction in the space available for fish in waters below 24 m in 2021, which was associated with a reduction in the concentration of dissolved oxygen below this depth to a value lower than 2.5 mg L−1. It was suggested that it could be possible to develop a simple index enabling the assessment of changes in fish structure, based, similarly to the Large Fish Index, on the ratio of the number of large fish to small fish. The obtained results confirmed that the proposed methods of acoustic data analysis can be the basis for the decision on the necessity (or lack thereof) of conducting an assessment using the Polish national LFI-EN method based on the results of one-off fishing with Nordic multimesh gillnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical signalling is the primary means by which cells communicate in the embryo. The underlying principle refers to a group of ligand-producing cells and a group of cells that respond to this signal because they express the appropriate receptors1,2. In the zebrafish embryo, Wnt5b binds to the receptor Ror2 to trigger the Wnt–planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling pathway to regulate tissue polarity and cell migration3,4. However, it remains unclear how this lipophilic ligand is transported from the source cells through the aqueous extracellular space to the target tissue. In this study, we provide evidence that Wnt5b, together with Ror2, is loaded on long protrusions called cytonemes. Our data further suggest that the active Wnt5b–Ror2 complexes form in the producing cell and are handed over from these cytonemes to the receiving cell. Then, the receiving cell has the capacity to initiate Wnt–PCP signalling, irrespective of its functional Ror2 receptor status. On the tissue level, we further show that cytoneme-dependent spreading of active Wnt5b–Ror2 affects convergence and extension in the zebrafish gastrula. We suggest that cytoneme-mediated transfer of ligand–receptor complexes is a vital mechanism for paracrine signalling. This may prompt a reevaluation of the conventional concept of characterizing responsive and non-responsive tissues solely on the basis of the expression of receptors.In zebrafish embryos, active complexes of Wnt5b and its membrane-bound receptor Ror2 are transported between cells via cellular protrusions called cytonemes to initiate paracrine Wnt5b signalling in cells that do not endogenously express the receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of materials regarding the rate of sowing and the width of the rows in the cultivation of gray mustard testifies to their contradictions and different points of view of scientists. The issue of seed sowing rate and row spacing was studied more fully in the southern regions of Ukraine, while very few studies in this direction were conducted in the eastern foreststeppe. In addition, the vast majority of the conducted studies aimed to investigate the influence of the sowing rate or sowing method on seed yield, but it is obvious that these factors should be studied comprehend-sively, taking into account the varietal characteristics of the crop. Based on this, the purpose of the conducted research was to determine the influence of different combinations of seed sowing rates in interaction with row width on the yield of gray mustard seeds of zoned varieties in the conditions of the eastern part of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2020, 2021 and 2023 on the basis of the «KYRYCHENKO M» farm, which is territorially located in the Borivskyi district of the Kharkiv region. The plots of the first order in the experiment were two varieties of gray mustard: Prima and Felicia. The plots of the second order were three variants of row spacing: Prima and Felicia. The plots of the second order were three variants of row spacing: 15, 30 and 45 cm, and the plots of the third order were five variants of the rate of sowing seeds: 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0 and 2.2 million pcs./ha. The experiment was laid out in three repetitions in one tier. The area of the sowing and accounting plots of the experiment was 72.0 and 45.0 m2, respectively. The total area of the experiment was 1.05 ha. The different temperature regime and the discrepancy in the amount of precipitation and its distribution during the spring-summer vegetation of mustard crop in the years of research had a noticeable effect on the ontogenesis of plant, which was largely reflected in their productivity. At the same time, it made it possible to more fully study the influence of the studied variants of the combination of different sowing rates and the width of the rows on the seed yield of the studied varieties of gray mustard. Setting up the experiment, carrying out accompanying observations, records and analyzes was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted method of conducting field research (Rozhkov et al., 2016). Statistical processing of seed yield results was carried out in the Microsoft Excel software package based on the methods of B. A. Dospekhov. The highest yield rates of mustard seeds were formed on variants with the narrowest row spacing - 15 cm. On average, according to other factors, seed yield for these row spacing was 1.88 t/ha, while for 30 and 45 cm row spacing - 1.82 and 1.71 t/ha. At the same time, it should be noted that a significant advantage of 15 cm row spacing compared to 30 cm row spacing was noted only in 2020, in 2021 and 2023 the difference was within the limits of LSD05. With an increase in the moisture content in the soil, a higher of mustard seeds is formed at a higher rate of seed sowing. In particular, in less favourable weather condition in 2020, the highest yield of mustard seeds was formed at the seed sowing rate of 1.6 million pcs./ha (1.57 t/ha), while in more favourable weather conditions in 2021 and 2023 for seed sowing rates of 1.8 million pcs./ha - 1/87 and 2.25 t/ha, respectively. At the same time, on the basis of statistical analysis, it was proved that the yield of mustard seeds in 2020 on the options with the seed sowing rate of 1.6 and 1.8 million pcs./ha did not differ significantly. In 2021, it was statistically the same on options with a sowing rate of 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 million pcs./ha - 1.84, 1.87 and 1.81 t/ha, and in 2023 - on in the variants of the seed sowing rate of 1.8, 2.0 and 2.2 million pcs./ha - 2.25, 2.24 and 2.22 t/ha, respectively. The influence of the rate of seed sowing on crops of both mustard varieties increased with the narrowing of the row spacing. Thus, the range of difference in the yield of mustard seeds of the Prima and Felicia varieties on the variants with 15 cm row spacing under the influence of the seed sowing rate was 0.24 and 0.39 t/ha, respectively, while on the variants with 45 cm row spacing - 0.15 and 0.20 t/ha. From this follows the importance of choosing the rate of sowing seeds to optimize the width of the rows. Varietal features had a significant influence on the efficiency of the studied variants of the combination of sowing rate and row width. To a greater extend, it was the interaction of the variety and the sowing rate that was noted. Thus, the Prima mustard variety produced the highest seed yield for all row spacings at the rate of seed sowing of 1.6 million seeds/ha, while the Felitsia variety produced 1.8 million seeds/ha for sowing, and in the variants with 15 cm row spacing in general, - for sowing 2.0 million pcs./ha. By optimizing the rate of sowing seeds and the width of the rows, the Felicia variety formed the seed yield at the same level as the Prima variety, while the seed sowing rate of 2.0 million pcs./ha was better for it in all years. At the same time, seed yield at this seeding rate in combination with 15 cm row spacing did not differ significantly from options with a seeding rate - 1.8 million pcs./ha. Therefore, it makes no sense to increase the sowing rate of this mustard variety from 1.8 to 2.0 million pcs./ha. Among the studied factors, in all years, the rate of seed sowing had the greatest influence on the variability of mustard seed yield. About 29.6 % of the variability of mustard seed yield in 2020, 31,6 % in 2021 and 37.4 % - in 2023 was due to its influence. The shape of the influence of the row width factor was the highest in 2020 - 27.8 %, which is almost at the same level as the share of the seed sowing rate. In 2021 and 2023, the share of the width between the rows was much smaller - 23.9 and 21.5 % and significantly inferior to the rate of sowing seeds. In total, the share of these factors in the variability of mustard seed yield in all years exceeded 55.0 %. The obtained results regarding the shares of interactions of two factors in the variability of the yield of blue mustard seeds indicate the importance of taking into account the options of one factor during the selection of another. That is, for a specific variety of mustard, a different rate of sowing seeds can be optimal, as well as for a certain rate of sowing seeds, a variant of the width of the rows is optimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introductory part provides data on the economic use of mustard and its products in the national economy, focusing on the varietal composition of sarepta mustard in Ukraine. It is analyzed that as of the beginning of 2024, 6 varieties of winter and 17 varieties of spring sarepta mustard are registered in the Plant Varieties Register, which are represented by 1 foreign (Germany) and some domestic varieties. The largest number of registered varieties - 4 varieties of winter and 8 varieties of spring sarepta mustard - belong to the originator - the Institute of Oilseeds of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. According to the results of experimental studies conducted in 2012-2014, it was found that in the conditions of the northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, on gray forest soils, the application of mineral fertilizers and the use of a growth regulator, flowering activator - Florone in foliar feeding provides a tendency to increase the yield of sarepta mustard of the Mriya variety. This agricultural measure contributes to a slight lengthening of the interphase periods (by 2-5 days depending on the fertilizer variant), ensures the formation of plant height, which during the ripening period on average against the background of fertilization is 140.5±3.5 cm, without foliar feeding, and 146.4±4.2 cm with the foliar application of Florone flowering stimulator. Experimentally, a close correlation (at the level of 97.4-99.8%) between the indicators of the assimilation surface of plants and the level of mustard yield was established. It was substantiated by regression models that the growth and functioning of the assimilation surface in different phases of plant development has a proportional effect (within 33%) and a close correlation with the mustard yield, which is 1.05-2.31 t/ha. Studies have shown a high efficiency of fertilizer level (up to 91.4%) compared to the unfertilized variant (1.05-1.19 t/ha) and the effectiveness of Florone application in foliar feeding, which, depending on the variant, varied from 8.7-= to 14.3%. The maximum yield of sarepta mustard (2.31 t/ha) is ensured by the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60P6OK9o and foliar feeding with Florone (200 ml/ha) in the budding phase of the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation of specialized sulfonylurea herbicide-resistant sunflower hybrids ensured reliable protection of this crop fields against dicotyledonous weeds during the post-emergence period. The issue of sulfonylurea resistance levels in three-line hybrid combinations, where at least two parental components are resistant, remains insufficiently studied. Our purpose was to evaluate valuable economic feature expression levels in sulfonylurea herbicide-resistant three-line sunflower hybrids. To accomplish this purpose, we determined 1) the phytotoxic effect of herbicide Gold Star WDG on five three-line sunflower hybrids originated from two resistant and one susceptible parents; 2) the variability of valuable economic features of the hybrids affected by the herbicide in different agro-climatic zones of Ukraine. The study was carried out at the Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS (Kharkiv) and the Institute of Oilseed Crops of NAAS (Zaporizhzhia) in 2021-2022. The herbicide was supplemented with surface-active agent (SAA) Tandem 0.3 L/ha and applied at doses of 50 g/ha (2021) and 35 g/ha (2022) in the phase of 4-6 (2-3 pairs) true leaves. The operating fluid consumption was 200 L/ha. There was no 100% resistance to the herbicide in any experiment. The percentage of resistant plants in 2021 varied from 21.9 to 60.2%, in 2022 - from 33.3 to 78.1%. On average across the hybrids, the proportion of resistant plants increased from 42.3% in 2021 to 51.0% in 2022. Herbicide treatments significantly reduced seed yields and oil content in seeds of most hybrids compared to the control. The smallest yield loss (-0.26 t/ha) was recorded for hyb. 'Skh 81 А' / 'Kh 82 B'//'Kh 201 V' treated with 50 g/ha of Gold Star WDG. The smallest decrease in the oil content in seeds (-0.69%) was observed in hyb. 'Skh 1006 А' / 'Kh 81 B'//'Kh 201 V' treated at 50 g/ha. In the experiments of the IOC NAAS in the northern steppe, the tested hybrids yielded less than or similarly to the reference, classical hyb. 'Yason', depending on the weather conditions. The hybrids were classed as early ripening. As to oil content in seeds, they were superior to the reference hybrid. As to plant height, plants of the hybrids under investigation were mostly as tall as the reference ones. Conclusions. The three-line hybrids derived from two resistant parental components had reduced levels of expression of valuable economic features when treated with herbicide Gold Star at doses of 50 and 35 g/ha. However, expression of these features should be assessed individually for each hybrid combination. The studied hybrids are competitive in terms of expression levels of valuable economic features; however, additional studies of other regimens of sulfonylurea herbicide application are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Improvement of the gene pool of the cultivated form of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) through interspecific hybridisation with Solanum aethiopicum L. and gametic breeding; analysis of the interspecific lines for a set of valuable quantitative traits determining the yield structure. Methods. Studies for the comprehensive evaluation of eggplant lines of interspecific origin were carried out during 2021-2023 in protected soil conditions at the experimental base of the Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Phenological observations and biometric measurements of plants of four lines were carried out. The stability of the manifestation of seven quantitative traits during the research years was determined by the methods of variation statistics [calculation of the mean square deviation (σ), coefficient of variation (V), Pearson's paired linear correlation (rp)]. Results. The analysis identified eggplant lines of interspecific origin that were superior to the standard variety 'Almaz' in terms of the level and stability of quantitative traits. Thus, F6(Pavlotas-20 / 'Almaz')I1 and ВС1[F5 (Pavlotas-20 / 'Almaz')]I1 showed a statistically significant increase in fruit width (by 16.48% and 14.85%, respectively). Meanwhile, line BC2[F5 (Pavlotas-20 / 'Almaz')]I1 exhibited higher productivity (by 18.11%) compared to the standard variety. The correlation analysis shows that the trait "Productivity of one plant" has a strong positive relationship with the trait "Number of fruits per plant" (rp = 0.75) and a strong negative relationship with "Average fruit width" (rp = -0.70) and "Duration of the period from mass germination to technical fruit maturity" (rp = -0.72). The selected line BC2[F5 (Pavlotas-20 / 'Almaz')]I1 exhibited a four-day shorter period from mass germination to technical fruit maturity compared to the standard variety. Conclusions. The line BC2[F5 (Pavlotas-20 / 'Almaz')]I1 was isolated based on the complex of quantitative traits. It underwent an additional stage of gametophytic breeding, resulting in a high adaptive potential to growing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of organic technology for growing vegetable plants will help to reduce the environmental burden of pesticides and produce safe vegetable products with high yields. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of biological preparations on the organic cultivation of vegetable plants. Field, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical methods were used to determine the efficacy of the preparations. The study was conducted in 2018-2021 in different regions of Ukraine. It was established that the systemic use of biologies during the growing season of vegetable plants provided rapid growth and development, helped to increase immunity to diseases, reduced the activity of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil, and provided an increase in overall yield. The general use of biologic preparations in open ground conditions contributed to a total potato yield of 25.4 t/ha, and the complex use of preparations on Brussels sprouts forms a larger number of heads - 90 units. The Organic Balance biological product provided an increase in yield of up to 3.5 t/ha and 90% marketability of products when growing Chinese cabbage. Chemical analysis showed that the use of biologics increased the dry matter in tomato fruits by 1.03% - in the Rio Fuego variety and 1.39% - in the Missouri variety. The yield increase in the studied varieties of asparagus beans Laura and Purpurova was 0.5 and 0.6 t/ha compared to the variants without seed inoculation. The use of biological preparations provided a higher yield in tomato plants of the Asvon variety by 2.2 t/ha, significantly reduced the content of nitrates in fruits to 50-80 mg/kg, while in the control - 110-170 mg/kg, increased the content of dry matter by 1.03 and 1.39%, depending on the variety. The gross yield of winter garlic with the use of biologics increased by 5%, and the marketability of potato tubers increased by 5%. Organic technologies would allow farmers to minimise the use of pesticides, produce environmentally friendly products, and increase yields [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of unmalted grain is one of the methods for improving quality, reducing production costs, and creating new types of beer. However, the enzymatic activity of such raw materials is zero, so the use of enzyme preparations is relevant. The purpose of the study was to compare the quality indicators of 100% malt beer and beer with the replacement of malt with unmalted barley using enzymes. Methods of technical and chemical analysis were used to determine the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of beer. Recommendations have been developed for intensifying the preparation of wort using various types of grain raw materials - unmalted barley and rice grits with the addition of enzyme preparations from Novozymes (Denmark) at different stages of brewing were developed. When testing new enzyme preparations (β-glucanase complex, xylanase), the filtration time, wort viscosity, and the content of β-glucans and arabinoxylans decreased by about 20% compared to the control samples. The use of a new enzyme preparation resulted in better breakdown of substances, which affected the quality and duration of filtration. This leads to an improvement of wort quality, reducing the duration of the process and reducing the cost of raw materials. To ensure the required ratio of substances in the wort, it is necessary to introduce complex enzyme preparations - peptidhydrolase, α-amylase, endo-β-glucanase (Ceremis Plus). Preparations containing endo-β-glucanase (Ultraflo Max) should be used at the beginning of mashing to improve the rheological properties of the wort and reduce its viscosity, which improves the filtration process. To obtain beer with the required degree of fermentation during mashing, it is better to use new enzyme preparations (glucoamylase). The practical significance of the study lies in the use of large amounts of unmalted grain together with exoenzymes such as Ultraflo Max and Ceremis Plus, which will allow brewers to produce wort and beer of the same composition and quality as premium wort and beer, using only malt [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Ukrainica Posnaniensia is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article substantiates the importance of the activities of a modern teacher in solving existing problems in the field of education. Scientific and practical approaches to a comprehensive analysis of the educational environment, the modern image of a teacher and the conditions of learning and development are presented. made it possible to develop mechanisms for creating a structural model of pedagogical activity. Explanations and meanings of some terms are given. The requirements for a teacher are determined not only by the great importance, but also by the rare originality of pedagogical activity. A teacher is a special profession. These are the people who are always in sight; students, colleagues, and parents are next to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the emerging trends in modern analytical and bioanalytical chemistry involves the substitution of enzyme labels (such as horseradish peroxidase) with nanozymes (nanoparticles possessing enzyme-like catalytic activity). Since enzymes and nanozymes typically operate through different catalytic mechanisms, it is expected that optimal reaction conditions will also differ. The optimization of substrates for nanozymes usually focuses on determining the ideal pH and temperature. However, in some cases, even this step is overlooked, and commercial substrate formulations designed for enzymes are utilized. This paper demonstrates that not only the pH but also the composition of the substrate buffer, including the buffer species and additives, significantly impact the analytical signal generated by nanozymes. The presence of enhancers such as imidazole in commercial substrates diminishes the catalytic activity of nanozymes, which is demonstrated herein through the use of 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and Prussian Blue as a model chromogenic substrate and nanozyme. Conversely, a simple modification to the substrate buffer greatly enhances the performance of nanozymes. Specifically, in this paper, it is demonstrated that buffers such as citrate, MES, HEPES, and TRIS, containing 1.5–2 M NaCl or NH4Cl, substantially increase DAB oxidation by Prussian Blue and yield a higher signal compared to commercial DAB formulations. The central message of this paper is that the optimization of substrate composition should be an integral step in the development of nanozyme-based assays. Herein, a step-by-step optimization of the DAB substrate composition for Prussian Blue nanozymes is presented. The optimized substrate outperforms commercial formulations in terms of efficiency. The effectiveness of the optimized DAB substrate is affirmed through its application in several commonly used immunostaining techniques, including tissue staining, Western blotting assays of immunoglobulins, and dot blot assays of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model species frequently used to study lipid metabolism in diatoms. When exposed to a nutrient limitation or starvation, diatoms are known to accumulate neutral lipids in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs). Those lipids are produced partly de novo and partly from the recycle of plastid membrane lipids. Under a nitrogen resupply, the accumulated lipids are catabolized, a phenomenon about which only a few data are available. Various strains of P. tricornutum have been isolated around the world that may differ in lipid accumulation patterns. Methods: To get further information on this topic, two genetically distant ecotypes of P. tricornutum (Pt1 and Pt4) have been cultivated under nitrogen deprivation during 11 days followed by a resupply period of 3 days. The importance of cytoplasmic LDs relative to the plastid was assessed by a combination of confocal laser scanning microscopy and cell volume estimation using bright field microscopy pictures. Results and discussion: We observed that in addition to a basal population of small LDs (0.005 μm3 to 0.7 μm3) present in both strains all along the experiment, Pt4 cells immediately produced two large LDs (up to 12 μm³ after 11 days) while Pt1 cells progressively produced a higher number of smaller LDs (up to 7 μm³ after 11 days). In this work we showed that, in addition to intracellular available space, lipid accumulation may be limited by the pre-starvation size of the plastid as a source of membrane lipids to be recycled. After resupplying nitrogen and for both ecotypes, a fragmentation of the largest LDs was observed as well as a possible migration of LDs to the vacuoles that would suggest an autophagic degradation. Altogether, our results deepen the understanding of LDs dynamics and open research avenues for a better knowledge of lipid degradation in diatoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To use cluster analysis of morphological characters to simplify the identification of Brassica oleracea var. italica and form groups of similar varieties for the test of difference. Methods. Analytical, mathematical and statistical methods were used in the work. As input information for the statistical processing of the obtained results, information on the results of the examination for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) from the database of the Automated Information System of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Varieties Examination was used. Cluster modelling was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics "Statistical Package for the Social Sciences". Results. A morphological description of broccoli varieties was carried out on the basis of 32 characteristics for the examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability. The morphological code formulae of the latter, composed of the corresponding codes for the manifestation of identifying characteristics of vegetative and generative organs of plants, served as a source of initial data. Out of 41 varieties described by 32 morphological characteristics, only two groups were found to be similar in terms of the identifying characteristics of the varieties. Two types of variables were used as parameters of the model: target - characteristic "Head: anthocyanin colour", focal - "Head: colour". The full list of characteristics was as follows "plant: by height (at harvest maturity)", "leaf: position (at beginning of head formation)", "leaf blade: wavy edge", "leaf blade: blistering", "petiole: by length", "head: colour", "head: anthocyanin colour", "head: by density", "flower: colour", "flower: intensity of yellow colour", "male sterility". Using computer modelling, clusters of 17 similar broccoli varieties and 9 control objects (varieties) were formed, the identification of which involved eleven morphological characteristics. Conclusions. In order to search for distinguishing characteristics in the process of testing the difference of cabbage varieties, broccoli was grouped into clusters according to such morphological characteristics as the position of the leaf at the beginning of the formation of the head; waviness of the edge of the leaf blade; blistering of the leaf plate; petiole length; head colour; presence of anthocyanin and intensity of yellow colour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plant & Soil Science is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

no abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of experimental studies of the patterns of wearing of structural materials which are used in the hydraulic machine design engineering under the impact of hydrodynamic cavitation are presented. It is proposed to use a throttle device working in the mode of developed cavitation and being the throttle generator of cavitation pressure fluctuations, as a cavitation generator in studies of the cavitation resistance of structural materials. The rational type of throttling device for creating the liquid's cavitation flow has been established based on the analysis of flow and differential characteristics of throttling devices of various schemes, which work as throttle cavitation generators of pressure fluctuations. It is proposed to use the dimensionless pressure drop on the throttle cavitation generator of pressure fluctuations as a cavitation criterion. The peculiarities of generation of the cavitation pressure oscillations by a throttle generator have been studied. The regularity of the influence of the pressure drop on the throttle cavitation generator of pressure fluctuations (mode of operation) on the range of cavitation pressure fluctuations and the amount of cavitation wear has been established. The influence of the geometric parameters of the throttle cavitation generator of pressure fluctuations on the intensity of the cavitation erosion was determined. Analytical dependences of the rate of cavitation erosion of test samples of materials on the pressure at the inlet to the throttle cavitation generator of pressure fluctuations were determined. The results of the experimental research can be used to create highly efficient throttle cavitation generators of pressure fluctuations for the study of the cavitation erosion, cleaning the parts from contamination, intensification of technological processes in the chemical, oil production and other industries. On the other hand, the obtained results make it possible to create the hydraulic units that will have the high resistance to the cavitation erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of protection of technological equipment from corrosion is outlined. Possible measures of protection against wandering currents and types of protection against corrosion have been found out. The first is aimed at reducing wandering currents in the ground. The second solves the issues related to preventing the penetration of these currents into technological equipment. There are three types of protection against corrosion: structural, passive and active. An active type of protection against corrosion, in which tread protection is used, is studied in more detail. The disadvantage of tread protection is that the replacement of the protectors requires not only the emptying of the tank, but also its preparation for fireworks, cleaning and degassing, which significantly increases the cost of such a process. Therefore, the implementation of tread protection without fireworks in the tank is investigated, which will allow quick replacement of protectors and introduce protective coatings on existing tanks. Proposed methods of calculation of tread protection against corrosion and their efficiency from commissioning. During the calculation of tread protection, determine the number of treads and their timing depending on the transition resistance of the bottom isolation and the specific resistance of the soil, provided that the protective tensile strength of the tread tank is reached. This technique allows you to determine the final number of treads and their service life in years. Protective protection can be used effectively and instead of lightning protection grounding. The effectiveness of the tread protection located in the tank is estimated by the difference in the potential of the "reservoir-electrolyte" with the copper-sulfate electrode, which is lowered into the reservoir. The requirement is defined, which ensures effective protection of the tread. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of tread protection against corrosion of technological equipment, a scheme of interconnection of the object of evaluation of efficiency with the object being serviced has been developed. The use of this scheme allows us to assert that tread protection increases the efficiency of operation of air fuel supply facilities due to the impact on the system and the operational use of such devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel canthin-4-one derivative (VI) bearing an annulated pyridine ring is synthetically accessible by a four-step approach and shows selective cytotoxic activity against Gram-positive bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Military organization and operations have served as the inspiration for centralized planning of the economy. In particular, central economic planning theorists were interested in the common ownership, technological determinism, and resource allocation methods found in various militaries. I draw on recently declassified articles from the Soviet Union's premiere journal of military theory, Military Thought, to demonstrate that servicemen-theorists had not solved the kinds of planning problems that advocates of central economic planning hoped they had solved, and that this calls in to question a critical source of inspiration for early central economic planning theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adamantinoma‐like Ewing sarcoma (ALES) is a rare aggressive malignancy occasionally diagnosed in the thyroid gland. ALES shows basaloid cytomorphology, expresses keratins, p63, p40, frequently CD99, and harbours the t(11;22) EWSR1::FLI1 translocation. There is debate on whether ALES resembles more sarcoma or carcinoma. Methods: We performed RNA sequencing from two ALES cases and compared findings with skeletal Ewing's sarcomas and nonneoplastic thyroid tissue. ALES was investigated by in situ hybridization (ISH) for high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and immunohistochemistry for the following antigens: keratin 7, keratin 20, keratin 5, keratins (AE1/AE3 and CAM5.2), CD45, CD20, CD5, CD99, chromogranin, synaptophysin, calcitonin, thyroglobulin, PAX8, TTF1, S100, p40, p63, p16, NUT, desmin, ER, FLI1, INI1, and myogenin. Results: An uncommon EWSR1::FLI transcript with retained EWSR1 exon 8 was detected in both ALES cases. Regulators of EWSR1::FLI1 splicing (HNRNPH1, SUPT6H, SF3B1) necessary for production of a functional fusion oncoprotein, as well as 53 genes (including TNNT1, NKX2.2) activated downstream to the EWSR1::FLI1 cascade, were overexpressed. Eighty‐six genes were uniquely overexpressed in ALES, most of which were related to squamous differentiation. Immunohistochemically, ALES strongly expressed keratins 5, AE1/AE3 and CAM5.2, p63, p40, p16, and focally CD99. INI1 was retained. The remaining immunostains and HPV DNA ISH were negative. Conclusion: Comparative transcriptomic profiling reveals overlapping features of ALES with skeletal Ewing's sarcoma and an epithelial carcinoma, as evidenced by immunohistochemical expression of keratin 5, p63, p40, CD99, the transcriptome profile, and detection of EWSR1::FLI1 fusion transcript by RNA sequencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has found a broad application for testing in point-of-care (POC) settings. LFIA is performed using test strips—fully integrated multimembrane assemblies containing all reagents for assay performance. Migration of liquid sample along the test strip initiates the formation of labeled immunocomplexes, which are detected visually or instrumentally. The tradeoff of LFIA's rapidity and user-friendliness is its relatively low sensitivity (high limit of detection), which restricts its applicability for detecting low-abundant targets. An increase in LFIA's sensitivity has attracted many efforts and is often considered one of the primary directions in developing immunochemical POC assays. Post-assay enhancements based on chemical reactions facilitate high sensitivity. In this critical review, we explain the performance of post-assay chemical enhancements, discuss their advantages, limitations, compared limit of detection (LOD) improvements, and required time for the enhancement procedures. We raise concerns about the performance of enhanced LFIA and discuss the bottlenecks in the existing experiments. Finally, we suggest the experimental workflow for step-by-step development and validation of enhanced LFIA. This review summarizes the state-of-art of LFIA with chemical enhancement, offers ways to overcome existing limitations, and discusses future outlooks for highly sensitive testing in POC conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed at theoretical generalizations and experimental results of research on the influence of the combined cultivation of medicinal plants wild chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and root chicory (Sychorium intybus L.) in the rows of gardens, which actualizes the issue of increasing productivity in industrial orchards. Therefore, the authors strove to increase the efficiency of growing research crops using fruit plantations, thereby ensuring a shortened payback period for capital investments spent on their creation. The conducted scientific studies have shown that the effect of aster yield on the content of bioactive substances in medicinal plant raw materials depends on the type of soil and climatic conditions of the studied territory, the cultivar, the sowing period, the genetic characteristics of the seeds, and the sowing conditions, etc. The purpose of the conducted research was to determine the patterns of crop formation of the presented medicinal plants in the inter-row orchard according to the elements of agricultural techniques of cultivation under the agroecological conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. As a result of the conducted research, the expediency of cultivating existing plants on the area of the allotted plot was confirmed. The optimal timing of autumn sowing for cultivar 'Perlyna Lisostepu' with a seeding rate of 6 kg/ha and a yield of dry mass of inflorescences of 1.81 t·ha-1 was studied. The main indicators of the seedless method of planting chicory root crops of the second year for wintering in the open ground were established, while 35-40 t·ha-1 of high-quality root crops were obtained. Using the methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the raw materials of chamomile medicinal cultivars 'Perlyna Lisostepu' and 'Bodegold' were investigated for the content of flavonoids, chamazulene and its derivatives, as one of the important indicators of the quality of the essential oil, as well as the component composition of the root chicory cultivars 'Umansky-99' and 'Umansky-97', in relation to the quantitative ratio hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids in a 1:1 infusion. Accumulation of inulin continued throughout the growing season of root chicory, reaching the optimal content at the beginning of technical ripeness, and the highest rate was 11.5-17.51% in the sub-winter sowing period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant tumour of the bone that usually occurs in children and adolescents. It is characterised by difficult treatment, recurrence and metastasis, and poor prognosis. Currently, the treatment of osteosarcoma is mainly based on surgery and auxiliary chemotherapy. However, for recurrent and some primary osteosarcoma cases, owing to the rapid progression of disease and chemotherapy resistance, the effects of chemotherapy are poor. With the rapid development of tumour-targeted therapy, molecular-targeted therapy for osteosarcoma has shown promise. Purpose: In this paper, we review the molecular mechanisms, related targets, and clinical applications of targeted osteosarcoma therapy. In doing this, we provide a summary of recent literature on the characteristics of targeted osteosarcoma therapy, the advantages of its clinical application, and development of targeted therapy in future. We aim to provide new insights into the treatment of osteosarcoma. Conclusion: Targeted therapy shows potential in the treatment of osteosarcoma and may offer an important means of precise and personalised treatment in the future, but drug resistance and adverse effects may limit its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational choice of pumping units and the effective usage of the corresponding pumping equipment are urgent problems in terms of ensuring the energy efficiency of up-to-date enterprises. The research aims to develop an energy efficiency indicator for torque flow pump usage to improve the decision-making procedure for choosing the corresponding pumping equipment for specific production conditions. Based on a study of the requirements of international standards for energy efficiency, a methodology for evaluating torque flow pumps according to the energy efficiency indicators is proposed, as the ratio between the values of the average compensated network power and the reference pump inlet power can determine the degree of reduced energy equipment operation efficiency in terms of the energy efficiency of pumping liquids. It was proposed to apply the base point method to determine the so-called compromise point of energy consumption for liquid pumping. This is a point for which another point, by the Pareto compromise, is likely to have a more significant (worse) value for energy consumption than the rest of the set of possible values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streptococcus mitis, a normal inhabitant of the oral cavity, is a member of Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS). Generally recognized as a causative agent of invasive diseases in immunocompromised patients, S. mitis is considered to have low pathogenic potential in immunocompetent individuals. We present a rare case of sinusitis complicated by meningitis and cerebral sino-venous thrombosis (CSVT) caused by S. mitis in a previously healthy 12-year-old boy with poor oral health status. With the aim of understanding the real pathogenic role of this microorganism, an extensive review of the literature about invasive diseases due to S. mitis in pediatric patients was performed. Our data define the critical role of this microorganism in invasive infections, especially in immunocompetent children and in the presence of apparently harmful conditions such as sinusitis and caries. Attention should be paid to the choice of therapy because of VGS's emerging antimicrobial resistance patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potash fertilizer production is one of the most important economic activities. Historically, potash mining has had a significant impact on the environment, often with catastrophic consequences. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results of studies on the environmental impact of potash mining using the example of the Verkhnekamskoe potash deposit. The deposit is located in the central part of the Solikamsk depression in the Pre-Ural foredeep (Perm Krai, Russia). All the main features and problems of underground mining of water-soluble ores and potassium fertilizer production are considered using the example of one of the world's largest potash deposits. This paper looks into the specifics of the material composition of waste, its disposal, underground mining issues associated with the solubility of salts, and the risks of groundwater inflow into the mine workings, which causes flooding of mines. The results of all surveys show that potash mining affects the atmosphere, surface water, groundwater, soil, and vegetation. The most effective measure to reduce the adverse environmental impact of potash mining at the Verkhnekamskoe Deposit is hydraulic backfilling of mine chambers, which protects the underground mines from flooding, minimizes ground subsidence, and reduces the area of potash waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On behalf of the 1st Pediatric Exercise Oncology Congress, we are pleased to present the abstracts from the 2022 Conference, the inaugural gathering of an international congress. The conference was held virtually on 7 and 8 April 2022. This conference brought together key stakeholders in pediatric exercise oncology, including multidisciplinary professionals from exercise, rehabilitation medicine, psychology, nursing, and medicine. The participants included clinicians, researchers, and community-based organizations. Twenty-four abstracts were selected for presentations (10–15-min oral presentations). In addition, there were five invited speakers with 20 min presentations and two keynotes with 45 min presentations. We congratulate all the presenters on their research work and contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its numerous advantages, such as excellent drug accessibility, rapid absorption, and bypass of first-pass metabolism, the route of drug administration that involves crossing the oral mucosa is highly favored. As a result, there is significant interest in investigating the permeability of drugs through this region. The purpose of this review is to describe the various ex vivo and in vitro models used to study the permeability of conveyed and non-conveyed drugs through the oral mucosa, with a focus on the most effective models. Currently, there is a growing need for standardized models of this mucosa that can be used for developing new drug delivery systems. Oral Mucosa Equivalents (OMEs) may provide a promising future perspective as they are capable of overcoming limitations present in many existing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis, a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, is characterized by a reduction in bone mass, destruction of bone microarchitecture, decreased bone strength, and increased bone fragility. Because of its insidious onset, osteoporosis renders patients highly susceptible to pathological fractures, leading to increased disability and mortality rates. However, the specific pathogenesis of osteoporosis induced by chronic hyperglycemia has not yet been fully elucidated. But it is currently known that the disruption of Wnt signaling triggered by chronic hyperglycemia is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic osteoporosis. There are two main types of Wnt signaling pathways, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (β-catenin-dependent) and the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway (non-β-catenin-dependent), both of which play an important role in regulating the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Therefore, this review systematically describes the effects of abnormal Wnt pathway signaling on bone homeostasis under hyperglycemia, hoping to reveal the relationship between Wnt signaling and diabetic osteoporosis to further improve understanding of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disease occurring as a consequence of premature birth, as well as antenatal and postnatal injury to the developing lung. BPD morbidity and severity depend on a complex interplay between prenatal and postnatal inflammation, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen therapy as well as associated prematurity-related complications. These initial hits result in ill-explored aberrant immune and reparative response, activation of pro-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic factors, which further perpetuate the injury. Histologically, the disease presents primarily by impaired lung development and an arrest in lung microvascular maturation. Consequently, BPD leads to respiratory complications beyond the neonatal period and may result in premature aging of the lung. While the numerous prenatal and postnatal stimuli contributing to BPD pathogenesis are relatively well known, the specific cell populations driving the injury, as well as underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Recently, an effort to gain a more detailed insight into the cellular composition of the developing lung and its progenitor populations has unfold. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding perinatal origin of BPD and discuss underlying mechanisms, as well as novel approaches to study the perturbed lung development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-phase phosphors that emit broadband white-light are needed for white-light-emitting diodes (wLEDs) to reach their full potential. However, it is challenging to achieve broad white-light emission from single-phase materials. Consequently, polycrystalline inorganic bulk compounds that emit white-light sans doping are rare. We report on broadband white-light emission from a well-known garnet compound, i.e., yttrium iron garnet (YIG), without activator-ion doping. Upon near-UV excitation at 370 nm, polycrystalline bulk YIG emits broadband white-light with (1931) Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates as (0.28, 0.35) and correlated color temperature (CCT) as 8029 K. Variable excitation wavelengths ranging from 280 to 600 nm enable color-tunable emission as cyan-white-blue-green-yellow-orange-red, including near-white-light emission for a broad range of excitation from 325 to 390 nm. Moreover, a short lifetime (sub-nanosecond) is obtained, which is desirable for LED and other applications. We demonstrated the propriety of YIG as a single-phase converting phosphor for illumination by fabricating prototype wLEDs using commercial InGaN UV-LED chips (λ = 380 nm) for excitation. The CIE coordinates and CCT of prototype wLEDs were obtained as (0.34, 0.37) and 5284 K, respectively. We believe that the reported findings signify the great potential of YIG as a single-phase white-light-emitting phosphor for broadband emission, which offers a new perspective and a viable approach for the development of wLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incremental forming (IF) is an advanced manufacturing process in which a forming tool locally deforms sheet material into a desired geometry through successive passes at incremental depths. An inherent benefit to the IF process is its formability improvement over conventional stamping; however, further enhancements will enable the forming of increasingly complex geometries. To progress the IF process towards heavy industrial use, the modeling of such processes must be further developed. Single point incremental forming (SPIF) of AA2024-T3 was modeled herein utilizing explicit formulations. The model geometry featured a nominally rectangular-shaped clamping region. A friction factor was experimentally determined and utilized within the model, which is a novel addition to this work. Formability was determined and forming limit diagrams were composed. It was found that the present model shows greater formability and underestimates plastic strain compared to experimental testing. The generation of forming limit diagrams for this material processed by IF is also a novel addition to this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing demand for timber construction, more advanced production methods need to be developed and applied. Multi-axis industrial robots (IR) show a high potential for increasing the efficiency and extending the workspace within subtractive manufacturing. To apply IRs, it is necessary to understand the interaction between the robot and the mechanics of machining and reveal optimal settings. This study investigates the effects of machining parameters (axial and radial depth of cut) and robot kinematic settings (acceleration, jerk) using typical milling tools for the machining of elementary geometries (lines, rings, pockets). The results are evaluated based on the surface finish (tactile measurements and optical/haptic assessment) and nominal/actual comparison of the geometry. Axial and radial depth of cut is high relevance: higher values lead to lower quality while mid-range settings frequently lead to the highest quality. The robot's kinematic settings have higher effects when using relatively small diameter tools. The tool manufacturers feed recommendations for CNC-machines are also applicable to robot machining and all examined parameters are relevant factors influencing the quality. The results achieved with the IR can compete with conventional joinery machines and are able to meet the currently required industry standards with further potential for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the electron microscopy method, the species identity of the diatom Cerataulina pelagica, isolated in pure culture from the coastal waters of the Black Sea in September 2021, has been confirmed. The range of optimal temperature values for the development of this species is identified. The impact of light and biogenic substances on its main structural and functional characteristics has been studied. The acclimation of C. pelagica to various light intensities is carried out by changing the efficiency of photosystem II, the C/Chl a ratio, and the specific growth rate. The morphometric parameters of cells (volume, surface area, and specific surface area) change slightly in the studied light range: 8.5–510 μE/(m2 s). The transfer of C. pelagica cells, which have the maximum intracellular pool of nutrients, to seawater depleted in nutrients causes a rapid increase in the C/Chl a ratio, as well as a decrease in the efficiency of photosystem II, the relative rate of electron transport, and the specific growth rate. A high degree of toxicity with copper ion in low concentrations in relation to the studied species is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]