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This study explores the impact of China's low-carbon city policy on employment using a quasi-natural experiment approach based on microdata from A-share listed companies (2007–2021). The findings indicate a statistically significant positive effect on employment levels, with an average increase of 7.27% in pilot compared to non-pilot cities. This boost in employment is primarily linked to green innovation, improved financing conditions, and increased sales activities. The policy disproportionately benefits high-skilled workers and positively affects employment in sales, research and development, and management while having a lesser impact on low-skilled and production workers. The employment gains are particularly significant in non-polluting sectors, regions with high marketization, and in the eastern areas of China. This study underscores the complex interplay between environmental policies and labor markets, emphasizing the need for skill differentiation in policy frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aimed to investigate relationships of platelet glycoprotein (GP) specific antibody with therapeutic efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) and bleeding score in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) adults. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out to analyze relationships of polymorphism of GP specific antibody with initial therapeutic efficacy of HD-DXM and bleeding score of newly diagnosed ITP adults between 1 June, 2016 and 31 January, 2020. Results: 59 patients were involved in the study, with 33 cases of responders and 26 cases of non-responders between June 2016 and January 2020. At admission, there were 31 (52.5%) GP antibody-positive patients. Initial therapy of HD-DXM was effective for 78.6% GP antibody-negative patients and 35.5% GP antibody-positive patients, with a better therapeutic efficacy in patients with anti-GP Ib/IX antibody or anti-GP IIb/IIIa antibody but not in those with anti-GP Ib/IX antibody plus anti-GP IIb/IIIa antibody. Notably, therapeutic efficacy is much worse for minority (Uyghur) patients compared with corresponding Han patients. Similarly, it was much lower in GP antibody-positive patients compared with corresponding negative ones at low and medium bleeding score, with no response in GP antibody-positive patients at high bleeding score. Furthermore, there was a moderate negative correlation between therapeutic efficacy and GP-specific antibody (p < 0.05), but no obvious linear relationship between clinical bleeding degree and GP-specific antibody (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Collectively, the newly diagnosed ITP adults with GP-specific antibody have a poor response to short-term HD-DXM, especially in minority (Uyghur) patients with GP-specific antibody in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An emerging infectious disease (EID) in foxes called "large kidney disease", characterized by enlarged kidneys, has been breaking out in fox farms in China, although its pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated. Here, we performed viral metagenomics sequencing on diseased fox tissue samples that identified a virus with 82.6% homology to the xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) PreXMRV-1 provirus strain (GenBank accession number NC_007815.2) in sick fox tissue. It was named PreXMRV-20, and its genome was verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR product sequencing. Nonenveloped and polygonal virus-like particles consistent with the shape and size of XMRV were observed by negative staining electron microscopy. Administered subcutaneously, PreXMRV-20 infected weaned foxes, leading to growth retardation. The discovery of the PreXMRV-20 strain (the first isolation of an XMRV homolog in blue foxes) identifies a potential public health issue in blue fox breeding since XMRV has been confirmed to be a zoonotic virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High oleic acid peanut (HOAP) is extensively embraced in China because of its high nutritional value and enhanced oxidative stability. However, its dissemination has been severely constrained in high altitude and high latitude areas due to chilling stress during sowing, resulting in significant yield loss in these regions. Despite the lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying low temperature germination (LTG) in HOAP, discovering the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that confer this trait will undoubtedly benefit breeding efforts. In the present study, we identified putative genomic regions and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that govern LTG tolerance of HOAP in an F2 population derived from the cross of chilling-tolerant YH65 and chilling-sensitive FL14 using bulk segregant analysis (BSA). Analysis of ΔSNP-index and Euclidean distance (ED) value association pinpointed the overlapped region to a 2.29 Mb interval on chromosome A05. The candidate interval showed that 122 genes were significantly related to response to abiotic stress and plant–pathogen interaction. Furthermore, an SNP site associated with LTG tolerance was discovered. The SNP site was employed as a Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) marker and validated in a universal peanut panel. These findings may provide valuable insight into the molecular mechanism underpinning LTG tolerance and facilitate marker-assisted selective breeding in HOAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium is one of the important strategic energy metals, which is in short supply in China. There are three major types of lithium deposits: brine and salt lake type, highly differentiated granite or pegmatite type, and carbonate-clay type. In recent years, some new types of lithium deposits have also begun to receive great attention and subject recent research. There are many crypto-explosive breccia pipe type deposits in the world, including copper, gold, lead, zinc, tungsten and tin deposits, but little is known about this type of lithium deposit. This paper introduces the latest research results of the Weilasituo Sn−Li−Rb polymetallic deposit in Inner Mongolia (NE China), which occurs in the middle-southern section of the Great Xing'an Range metallogenic belt. A remarkable feature of this deposit is the coexistence of various mineralization types, including granite type Rb and Sn−Zn, hydrothermal crypto-explosive breccia pipe type Li−Rb, quartz vein type Sn−Zn and sulfide vein type Pb−Zn−Ag mineralization. Among them, hydrothermal crypto-explosive breccia pipe type Li-Rb deposit is currently very rare at home and abroad, which is likely a new type of rare metal deposit that worthy of our attention. This paper systematically summarizes the geology, alteration and mineralization, geochemistry, isotopes and geochronology of the Weilasituo deposit, and establishes a new petrogenic and metallogenic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peanut rich in oleic acid in seed oil, also known as high oleic peanut, renders its products superior in human healthy diet, long shelf life and high oxidative stability in food and oil processing. High oleic peanut varieties in China are derived from a handful of high oleic donors with limited genetic background. Improvement of high oleic peanut cultivars by integrating key target traits is crucial for both food security and germplasm enhancement. Several superior high oleic peanut lines have been developed by marker assisted backcrossing in our breeding program. The objective of present study is to characterize bacterial wilt disease resistance and yield related traits in these novel peanut lines. The two-year disease nursery survival rates were used as an indicator for bacterial wilt resistance, and the diagnostic markers identified by QTL mapping were used for molecular verification. Genetic background of high oleic peanut lines was estimated by 40 K genotyping by target sequencing (GBTS) SNP panel. Preliminary and regional yield tests were performed for selected breeding lines in 2021. As a result, an elite high oleic peanut accession Yuhua183 was identified, inheriting the superior characteristics of its recurrent parent such as resistance to bacterial wilt, high shelling percentage and early maturity. The development of Yuhua183 broadened the genetic background of high oleic peanut germplasm, providing valuable genetic resources for peanut breeding and further utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: A major QTL, qBWA12, was fine mapped to a 216.68 kb physical region, and A12.4097252 was identified as a useful KASP marker for breeding peanut varieties resistant to bacterial wilt. Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a major disease detrimental to peanut production in China. Breeding disease-resistant peanut varieties is the most economical and effective way to prevent the disease and yield loss. Fine mapping the QTLs for bacterial wilt resistance is critical for the marker-assisted breeding of disease-resistant varieties. A recombinant inbred population comprising 521 lines was used to construct a high-density genetic linkage map and to identify QTLs for bacterial wilt resistance following restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing. The genetic map, which included 5120 SNP markers, covered a length of 3179 cM with an average marker distance of 0.6 cM. Four QTLs for bacterial wilt resistance were mapped on four chromosomes. One major QTL, qBWA12, with LOD score of 32.8–66.0 and PVE of 31.2–44.8%, was stably detected in all four development stages investigated over the 3 trial years. Additionally, qBWA12 spanned a 2.7 cM region, corresponding to approximately 0.4 Mb and was fine mapped to a 216.7 kb region by applying KASP markers that were polymorphic between the two parents based on whole-genome resequencing data. In a large collection of breeding and germplasm lines, it was proved that KASP marker A12.4097252 can be applied for the marker-assisted breeding to develop peanut varieties resistant to bacterial wilt. Of the 19 candidate genes in the region covered by qBWA12, nine NBS-LRR genes should be further investigated regarding their potential contribution to the resistance of peanut against bacterial wilt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an endemic fruit tree in China, the Chinese dwarf cherry (Cerasus humilis (Bge.) Sok.) has substantial ecological and economic value. In 2018, characteristic symptoms of the crown gall of the Chinese dwarf cherry were observed in a nursery base located in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. The occurrence of the disease among seedlings was observed to be 9.48%. Diseased plants were collected and brought to the laboratory for the isolation of the pathogens. In this study, the isolates were identified by a combination of morphological, biochemical, pathogenicity-related, as well as molecular methods. The isolated strains were white, circular, domed, and glistening. Using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and biochemical tests, five strains were identified as Agrobacterium tumefaciens/ biovar 1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect pathogenicity-associated genes in isolates through the amplification of the partial nucleotide sequences of tms2, virD2 and ipt genes, which proved that the isolates contained the Ti plasmid. In the pathogenicity assay, the crown gall symptom developed on the young stem of tomato and sunflower after inoculation. Based on its morphological, biochemical, pathogenicity and genetic characteristics, the pathogen of the Chinese dwarf cherry crown gall was identified to be A. tumefaciens/ biovar 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the existing research on developed countries insists that urban sprawl contributes to increasing energy consumption due to the expanding private-car-oriented transportation requirements of urban residents. However, in the context of China, we discover that public transportation has thrived and become one of the major travel modes for the residents, accompanied by government-led urban sprawl. Consequently, the impact of urban sprawl on transportation energy consumption in China may be highly distinct from that in Western developed countries. Therefore, we empirically investigate the impact of urban sprawl on household transportation energy consumption in China based on the Chinese Household Energy Consumption Survey and attempt to provide an appropriate explanation for this relationship. We find that urban sprawl does not lead to an increase in household transportation energy consumption in China, which is mainly due to the rapid development of a high-quality public transportation system. Specifically, urban sprawl alleviates household transportation energy consumption in China by promoting the use of public transportation among residents. Our findings contrast with previous studies on European and American cities and provide distinctive evidence of the causal relationship between urban sprawl and energy consumption. This study highlights a pathway through which developing countries can achieve sustainable urban development goals through the construction of a high-quality public transportation system. • Features of urban sprawl and public transit differ between China and developed countries. • We examine the impact of urban sprawl on household transportation energy consumption in China. • Urban sprawl does not lead to an increase in household transportation energy consumption in China. • Public transportation system development and public service accessibility reduce household transportation energy consumption. • Urban sprawl promotes usage of public transportation in China and then reduces household transportation energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important pathogen associated with hospital- and community-acquired infections. Community-acquired A. baumannii pneumonia is characterized by a fulminant course and high mortality rates. In this study, we report the identification of a community-acquired carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain carrying the blaOXA-72 gene. Methods: This A. baumannii isolate was recovered from a male patient diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia, septic shock, and respiratory failure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed and the minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by the broth microdilution method. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using both long-read MinION and short-read Illumina platforms to fully characterize the blaOXA-72-carrying plasmid of the A. baumannii A52. The in silico multilocus sequence typing and genomic epidemiological analysis of the closely related isolates were further elucidated by our recently updated BacWGSTdb server. Results: The isolate was resistant to meropenem and remained susceptible to several other antimicrobial agents. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis indicated that this A. baumannii isolate belonged to the rare sporadic clone sequence type 880 and the blaOXA-72 gene was located on the 8,493-bp plasmid pA52-OXA-72. This plasmid exhibited only partial similarity to different OXA-72-encoding plasmids (size range: 8,771–12,056 bp) in various Acinetobacter spp. recovered from patients and other reservoirs in different countries. Conclusion: This study described the first case of fulminant carbapenem-resistant community-acquired A. baumannii pneumonia caused by a rare sporadic clone in China. Adequate surveillance is warranted to monitor the emergence of A. baumannii as a community pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ureaplasma spp. have gained increasing recognition as pathogens in both adult and neonatal patients with multiple clinical presentations. However, the clonality of this organism in the male population and infertile couples in China is largely unknown. In this study, 96 (53 U. parvum and 43 U. urealyticum) of 103 Ureaplasma spp. strains recovered from genital specimens from male patients and 15 pairs of infertile couples were analyzed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST)/expanded multilocus sequence typing (eMLST) schemes. A total of 39 sequence types (STs) and 53 expanded sequence types (eSTs) were identified, with three predominant STs (ST1, ST9 and ST22) and eSTs (eST16, eST41 and eST82). Moreover, phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clusters that were highly congruent with the taxonomic differences between the two Ureaplasma species. We found significant differences in the distributions of both clusters and sub-groups between the male and female patients (P < 0.001). Moreover, 66.7% and 40.0% of the male and female partners of the infertile couples tested positive for Ureaplasma spp. The present study also attained excellent agreement of the identification of both Ureaplasma species between paired urine and semen specimens from the male partners (k > 0.80). However, this concordance was observed only for the detection of U. urealyticum within the infertile couples. In conclusion, the distributions of the clusters and sub-groups significantly differed between the male and female patients. U. urealyticum is more likely to transmit between infertile couples and be associated with clinical manifestations by the specific epidemic clonal lineages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trace elements contamination is mainly originated from industrial emission, sewage irrigation and pesticides, and poses a threat to the environment and human health. This study analyzed the trace element pollutants in peanut-soil systems, the enrichment and translocation capacity of peanut to trace elements, and the potential risk of trace elements to environment and human health. The results indicated that Cd and Ni in peanut kernels exceeded the standard limits in 2019, and the exceeding rate were 9% and 31%, respectively. Cd in 8% of soil samples and As in 98% of soil samples exceeded the risk screening value of trace elements. The concentration of trace elements in peanuts was related to varieties and planting regions. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of Cd in peanut kernel and its concentration in soil. Compared with other trace elements, peanut kernels had stronger ability to enrich and transport Cd, Cu, and Zn, the BFs were 0.45, 0.51 and 0.47, respectively. After oil extraction, trace elements were mainly concentrated in peanut meal, and only 0.25% of Cd was in oil. The RI of trace elements was less than 150, indicating that the study area was under low degree of ecological risk. However, As and Cd might pose moderate risk to environment. Trace elements in soil and peanut could not cause non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to human, but the HI and CR value of As (0.59 and 9.54 × 10−5) in soil and CR ing value of Cd (9.25 × 10−7) in peanut were close to the critical value. We conclude that Cd pollution in peanut kernel, and Cd and As pollution in soil should be monitored to enter into the food chain or environment and to avoid the possible health hazards and environment risks. [Display omitted] • Cd and Ni in peanut kernels exceeded the limited standard in China. • The content of trace elements in peanut was correlated with varieties and regions. • After peanut oil extraction, trace elements are mainly concentrated in peanut meal. • As and Cd in soil could cause moderate risk to ecological environment. • Trace elements in soil and peanut kernels could not cause health risk to human. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil water content (SWC) plays a vital role in the process of evapotranspiration (ET) in rubber plantations. To investigate the influence of the ET process on soil water balance in rubber plantations, we measured SWC at depths of 10, 20, 30, 40, 70, 100, 130 cm, measured the characteristics of root density distribution, and estimated the ET and deep percolation at a rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna using the Hydrus-1D model. Our results indicate the Hydrus-1D model can accurate simulate soil water dynamics in the 0–130 cm of rubber plantations with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (NSE) was 0.80–0.96, the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) was 0.05–0.02, and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (R) was 0.82–0.97. Obviously, there were seasonal variation characteristics in soil moisture changes in the rubber plantations of Xishuangbanna. The soil water storage (SWS) dropped to its lowest value of 194 mm and reached its maximum value of 504 mm from the dry season to the rainy season. The simulated ET of the rubber plantation was 1166.1 mm. The large uptake and utilization of soil water by rubber plantations in the dry season affects or exacerbates seasonal drought in Xishuangbanna and leads to a shortage of regional water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early Cretaceous granitoids are widespread in the southern Great Xing'an Range. However, the petrogenesis of these rocks is poorly understood. We therefore present field investigations, petrological observations, zircon U–Pb ages, whole-rock geochemistry and Hf isotope compositions for the Haliheiba pluton. The pluton comprises fine-grained biotite granite, medium- to coarse-grained biotite granite and porphyritic biotite granite, and mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) are unevenly distributed within the host granites. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating yields emplacement ages of ∼139 Ma for the three units. The host granites are characterized by high SiO 2 contents (73.16–76.55 wt%) and alkali concentrations (7.92–8.62 wt%), enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREEs), Rb, U, Th, K, and Pb, depletion in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), Sr, Ba, Ti, and P, and intensely negative Eu anomalies with δEu values from 0.14 to 0.47. The zircons in the host granites yield positive ε Hf(t) values of +5.0 to +11.2 and fairly young Hf model ages of 408 Ma to 731 Ma. These results indicate that the host granites have high-K calc-alkaline, metaluminous to weakly peraluminous A-type affinity and were mainly derived from partial melting of juvenile crustal materials originated from the depleted mantle, and fractional crystallization was involved in magma evolution. The MMEs have SiO 2 contents of 63.45–64.14 wt% and have higher MgO, CaO, tFe 2 O 3 and TiO 2 contents than the host granites. The MMEs are enriched in LREEs relative to HREEs with slightly negative Eu anomalies (δEu values of 0.77–0.79) and are slightly enriched in Rb, U, Th, K, Sr, Pb and strongly to slightly depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti and P. These results, together with field investigations and petrological observations, indicate that crust-mantle magma mixing played an important role during the petrogenesis. Furthermore, the MMEs were intermediate members after magma mixing between mafic end-member magmas derived from lithospheric mantle and felsic end-member magmas derived from juvenile crustal materials. Combined with regional geology, our results suggest that a substantial crustal accretion in the southern Great Xing'an Range that occurred during the Neoproterozoic–Carboniferous, and the formation of the Early Cretaceous granitoids in this region was closely related to the lithospheric delamination triggered by the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean beneath Eurasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carboniferous–Permian detrital zircons are recognized in the Upper Paleozoic of the whole Ordos Basin. Previous studies revealed that these Carboniferous–Permian zircons occurred in the Northern Ordos Basin mainly originated from the Yinshan Block. What has not been well documented until now is where this period's zircons in the Southern Ordos Basin came from, and very little discussion about their provenance. To identify the provenance of the detrital zircons dating from ~350 to 260 Ma, five sandstone samples from the Shan 1 Member of Shanxi Formation and eight sandstone samples from the He 8 Member of Shihezi Formation were analyzed for detrital zircon U-Pb age dating and in situ Lu-Hf isotopic compositions. The results indicate that the two age clusters of 520–378 Ma and ~350–260 Ma in the Southern Ordos Basin most likely derived from the North Qinling Orogenic Belt–North Qilian Orogenic Belt and the North Qinling Orogenic Belt, respectively. Furthermore, we propose that the zircons aging ~320–260 Ma are representative of the important tectonothermal events occurred in the North Qinling Orogenic Belt during the Late Paleozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skarn Sn-polymetallic deposits, located in the southern Great Khingan Range, can be divided into Sn–Fe and Sn–Pb–Zn deposits. By systematically studying the geochemical characteristics of source granitoid and deposits, the ore-forming mechanisms were established, and the differences in ore-forming processes between Sn–Fe and Sn–Pb–Zn deposits are discussed. The main findings are as follows: (1) these two deposits were formed in the Late-Yanshanian period; (2) the source granitoid evolved at an early stage in a reducing environment, while the oxygen fugacity increased at a late stage through the influence of a deep-seated fault; (3) fine-grained syenogranite from Dashishan showed a higher degree of evolution than the syenogranite from Damogutu; (4) the Damogutu Sn–Fe and Dashishan Sn–Pb–Zn deposits shared a source of ore-forming fluid, and Fe, Sn, Pb, and Zn all derived from Late-Yanshanian granitoids; and (5) the ore-forming fluid experienced a continuous evolution process from the magmatic to hydrothermal stage, and the magmatic–hydrothermal transitional fluid played a very important role in skarnization and mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To avoid excessive chemical-fertilizer application and improve agricultural productivity in rice, a fertilizer recommendation system called Nutrient Expert® (NE) was designed. However, the ability of NE to balance yield, profitability and environmental sustainability in rice production needs to be further evaluated, as it is still difficult for farmers to assess the proper nitrogen (N) application rate. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the advantages of the NE system in balancing yield, profitability and N loss in rice production, and recommend proper N application rates for different cropping seasons of rice. This study describes results from field experiments conducted in five main rice cropping provinces from 2017 to 2020 in China, to investigate any advantages of NE compared with local farmers' practice (FP), and to determine the proper N application rates for different cropping seasons of rice. Compared with FP, NE had 12.1% lower N-fertilizer application, but increased rice grain yield by 4.3% and net profit by 7.4%, and decreased yield-scaled N loss by 20.7%. We showed how yield, profitability and N loss were affected by N balance (i.e., N applied to the field minus N removed from the field by the harvested crop biomass), and quantified relationships between N balance and N application rate, and between N output and input. Based on relationships between N balance and N application rate, we recommend N application rates in a range from 122 to 214 kg ha−1, depending on cropping seasons of rice. We demonstrated that NE can simultaneously improve yield, profitability and environmental sustainability. Our study provided quantitative support for NE-based recommendations on the N application rate for smallholders farming in different rice cropping systems, and these recommendations can serve as a reference for avoiding excessive N application rate in paddy fields in other regions with similar eco-environment. [Display omitted] • Smallholder rice growers in China apply too much nitrogen (N) fertilizer, given their realized yields. • Using Nutrient Expert® (NE) as advisory system for scientific fertilization helps reduce economic loss and ecological risk. • NE maintained rice yields, increased net profit while decreasing N loss. • Sustainable N application rates were 122–214 kg ha−1 for rice. • NE optimizes agronomic practice that balances yield, profitability and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nutrient Expert system (NE) has been proposed to improve yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) in the double rice cropping systems in China. However, the advantage of the NE system has yet to be quantified experimentally. A four-year field experiment was conducted in a double rice cropping system in China, to evaluate the ability of NE in improving yield and NUE. The experimental treatments consisted of NE based fertilization, current farmers' practices (FP) and soil test based fertilizer recommendation (ST), and a series of nitrogen (N) rate treatments. The NUE decreased with increasing N application, while the yield did not increase significantly beyond N application rates of about 140 kg ha−1 (corresponding to the amount proposed by NE) in both early and late rice. NE increased grain yield (by 10.3% and 6.3%) and N uptake (by 5.7% and 4.0%) compared with FP and ST, respectively. NE significantly increased NUE compared with FP, and decreased the N surplus in comparison to FP and ST. The N dilution curve was Nc = 34.50 W −0.55 for early rice and Nc = 37.71 W −0.59 for late rice (where Nc is the N concentration in g kg−1, and W is the dry matter accumulation in t ha−1). The relationship between relative yield and the nitrogen nutrition index derived from the dilution curves confirmed that NE offered an optimum N application rate (approximately 140 kg ha−1) for both early and late rice. Carbon (C) and N translocation from vegetative organs to grains was enhanced with increasing N rate, while NE significantly increased C and N translocation compared with FP. Overall, the NE system ensured a high rice yield, increased N uptake and NUE. Therefore, the NE, as a user-friendly tool, is a sustainable fertilizer recommendation approach suitable for double rice cropping system, especially when soil testing is not available or timely for smallholders. • Rice yield needs to increase for food security. • The Nutrient Expert (NE) improved rice yields and nitrogen uptake compared with farmers' practice. • NE enabled the nutrients in rice vegetative organs to be more efficiently translocated. • NE is suitable as a nutrient strategy for the double rice system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on China's new national action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing stewardship, rational antimicrobial use, surveillance, climate change's impact, One Health framework, and research intensification.

[Display omitted] • Textural and chemical features of beryl can trace magmatic-hydrothermal evolution. • Cs in beryl is an ideal trace element to monitor the magmatic evolution. • Fluid exsolution can promote the remobilization of Ta and Rb. In the large Shihuiyao Rb-Nb-Ta-Be deposit, a beryl-bearing granite was identified with three texturally different zones that show an increasing degree of fractionation, including the albite granite (bottom zone), albite granite with pegmatite pockets (intermediate zone), and intercalation of granite and pegmatite layers (top zone). Beryl occurs both in the intermediate and top zones. Microtextural (SEM), Raman spectra, and trace-element (LA-ICP-MS) data on beryl from these zones shed new light on the behavior of trace elements during magmatic-hydrothermal evolution. In the intermediate zone, magmatic beryl (Brl-1) has a homogeneous texture, while beryl in the top zone (Brl-2) can be divided into magmatic (Brl-2a) and metasomatic subtypes (Brl-2b). The magmatic Brl-2a shows oscillatory zonation, whereas the metasomatic Brl-2b is darker in BSE images and highly porous. Fractional crystallization led to an increase in Na, Sc, Fe, Rb, and Cs contents from Brl-1 to Brl-2a. Comparing these data with those of beryl in other pegmatites worldwide reveals that Cs in beryl is an ideal trace element to monitor the magmatic evolution of the pegmatite host. Distinct textural and chemical features of Brl-2a and Brl-2b reflect metasomatic alteration by a dissolution-reprecipitation process for Brl-2b. In combination with published experimental and fluid inclusion data, we propose that metasomatic fluids exsolved from the magma during late-magmatic stages could transport large amounts of rare metals, such as Ta and Rb. The higher content of Ta in Brl-2b compared to Brl-2a suggests that metasomatic fluids exsolved from the magma play a favorable role in Ta mineralization. In contrast, decreasing Rb contents in Brl-2b is attributed to the high mobility of Rb in the fluid. Such Rb-rich fluids are expected to generate Rb orebodies of economic value surrounding the ore-bearing granite, implying that more investigation into hydrothermal Rb mineralization in the Shihuiyao district is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the history of a platform (bed-stove) named Kang, initiated 7200 years ago, providing a brief description of Kang development. Kang furniture is defined as furniture used on kang, which can be divided into three categories according to functions: Kang table, Kang storing furniture and other categories. These kinds of Kang furniture can reflect the Kang culture and the liftstyle of the northeast people. The wood material used for kang furniture almost is local wood such as Manchurian ash, mongolian oak, Chinese walnut, elm, Chinese red pine ect. The result of this paper is a basic part of the doctoral research, which helps for understanding the furniture culture of northeast in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Three stages of pyrite are identified in Qingshan gold deposit. • The results of LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses indicate that invisible gold occurs in the form of solid solution (Au+), and the mixing of fluids is most likely the reason for gold precipitation. • The results of in situ S-Pb isotopic indicate that sulfur and metals were mainly derived from the upper crust and orogenic belts. The Qingshan gold deposit is located in the Tanjianshan ore collection area, which is in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin and is one of the most important gold and polymetallic metallogenic belts in China. Based on the field investigation and optical microscopic observations, mineralization at the Qingshan deposit can be divided into three stages: (1) quartz-pyrite stage, (2) quartz-sulfide-gold stage, (3) quartz-calcite stage. Pyrite from the stage 1 (Py1), stage 2 (Py2) and stage 3 (Py3) are selected for LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses. Pyrite from the stage 1 (Py1), stage 2 (Py2) are selected for in situ sulfur isotopes analysis. Pyrite from the stage 1 (Py1), stage 2 (Py2) and stage 3 (Py3), galena from the stage 1 (Gn1) and stage 2 (Gn2) are selected for in situ lead isotopes analysis. The result shows that Py1 is relatively rich in Co, Ni, Zn and Ag contents and lacking in Sb contents. Py2 is relatively rich in Cu, As, Sb, Au, Pb and Ag contents and lacking in Co, Ni and Bi contents. Py3 is relatively rich in Co, Ni and Bi contents and lacking in Zn, As, Au and Pb contents. The Au/As ratio shows that invisible gold occurs in the form of solid solution (Au+). The values of Au/Ag and Co/Ni ratio show that the pyrites in the Qingshan deposit are hydrothermal origin. The S isotope values of pyrite range from −4.33 to 4.97‰ (mean: 3.71‰, n = 31). The Pb isotope compositions with 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb values ranging from 18.002 to 18.791, 15.567 to 15.584, and 38.410 to 38.485, respectively. The results of in situ S-Pb isotopic indicate that sulfur and metals of the Qingshan deposit were mainly derived from the upper crust and orogenic belts. The Qingshan gold deposit is classified as an orogenic gold deposit, and was closely related to a large-scale ductile shear zone, which formed during the process of subduction between the Qaidam block and the Qilian block in the Variscan period. The mixing of fluids destroyed the stability of Au(HS) 2 - and is most likely the reason for gold precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High oleic acid composition is an important determinant of seed quality in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in regard to its nutritional benefits for human health and prolonged shelf-life for peanut products. To improve the oleic acid content of popular peanut cultivars in China, four peanut cultivars of different market types were hybridized with high-oleic-acid donors and backcrossed for four generations as recurrent parents using fad2 marker-assisted backcross selection. Seed quality traits in advanced generations derived by selling w'ere assessed using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy for detection of oleic acid and Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) screening of fad2 mutant markers. Twenty-four high-oleic-acid lines of BC4F4 and BC4F5 populations, with morphological features and agronomic traits similar to those of the recurrent parents, were obtained within 5 years. The genetic backgrounds of BC4F5 lines were estimated using the KASP assay, which revealed the genetic background recovery rate was 79.49%—92.31 %. The superior lines raised are undergoing a multi-location test for cultivar registration and release. To our knowledge, this is the first application of single nucleotide polymorphism markers based on the high-throughput and cost-effective KASP assay for detection of fad2 mutations and genetic background evaluation in a peanut breeding program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abundant tourmaline occurs in the Mopanshan pluton in Inner Mongolia of NE China, and can be classified by its occurrence into four types: nodular tourmalines (ND type), pegmatite-pocket tourmalines (PP type), stockwork tourmalines (SW type) and vein tourmalines (VT type). All these tourmalines belong to the alkali group and are dravite-schorl. Petrography and major elements data suggest that the ND- and PP-type tourmalines crystallized during the transition from late-magmatic to early-hydrothermal evolution of granite with all the components derived from the magma. Petrography and trace elements (especially Sr、V、Cr、Ni、Ti) data suggest that the SW- and VT-type tourmalines may form by the mixing of magmatic and country rocks components in the post-magmatic hydrothermal environment. Due to the similar δ11B of the SW-type with the ND- and PP-type tourmalines (variation <2‰, and all averaged at −15.8‰), the boron source of the SW-type tourmalines is likely the same as the ND- and PP-type ones, i.e., from the granitic magma. The VT-type tourmalines have extremely negative δ11B values from −27.0‰ to −29.8‰, indicating a distinct and isotopically lighter boron source. The potential presence of non-marine evaporites (with very light boron isotopes) in the meta-sedimentary strata deep in the region may contribute boron to the VT-type tourmalines. The high Sn contents in the tourmalines, in particular the SW-type (918–2172 ppm) may have prospecting significance to target tin mineralization related to granite in the region. Image 1 • Four types of tourmaline occurrences are associated with the Mopanshan pluton. • The tourmalines formed from late-magmatic or post-magmatic hydrothermal fluids. • The Mopanshan tourmalines have high Sn contents up to 2172 ppm. • The tourmalines source their B from two isotopically distinct sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]