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Background: The current study aimed at examining Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) on the rate of accidents and disaster preparedness committee and nursing staff of Imam Ali Hospital in Zarand, Iran. Materials and Methods: The current semi-experimental study was conducted on the members of Crisis Committee (n=9) and nursing personnel (n=38) selected by fully count model. Data collection tools were two valid and reliable questionnaires: hospital disaster preparedness and the nurses' disaster preparedness. Hospital disaster preparedness also included a two-day workshop on hospital incident command system and the nurses' disaster preparedness included a one-day workshop on disaster management. Members of the Crisis Committee and nurses were evaluated based on hospital disaster preparedness and nurses' disaster preparedness questionnaires before and one month after intervention. SPSS V. 16 was used to analyze data. Results: Findings of the current study indicated a major increase in the disaster preparedness of the Crisis Committee (from 88.33 to 130.88) and nurses (from 132.63 to 2077.56) after intervention; in addition, a significant improvement was observed in the nurses group (P=0.000) Conclusion: It was concluded that the establishment of HICS and using disaster preparedness program can improve the preparedness of hospital disaster management committee and nursing personnel against disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the rapid growth of rehabilitation services in Australia, little attention has been paid to studying the operation of these multi-disciplinary services. As part of a larger grounded theory study, this article reports on problems nurses encountered in the inpatient rehabilitation setting and their responses to those system-based constraints. Why most of the 53 nurse informants chose to distance themselves from these constraints is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore a cohort of mental health nurses' views and experiences in developing and applying critical appraisal of research skills to identify helping and hindering factors. In accordance with evidence-based practice principles, there is an expectation that student (mental health) nurses will become competent in understanding research to make judgements about its trustworthiness and applicability in the clinical setting. This process is termed the 'critical appraisal of research' and it is deemed important to healthcare professionals because it facilitates the use of evidence from research to underpin practice. The study incorporated qualitative secondary research using thematic analysis and a poststructural lens. Following undertaking a module including tuition on the critical appraisal of research, a cohort of student mental health nurses' submitted essay reflections focusing on critical appraisal experiences were thematically analysed. The thematic analysis included both deductive and inductive components in adjunct to a poststructuralist analysis to explore influencing factors of language, meaning and subjectivity. The study identified there are both pedagogical factors and wider societal considerations influencing the critical appraisal of research experiences. Psychological and emotional factors, incorporating anxiety components were identified as a key barrier to engagement and understanding which has not previously been identified in comparable research. Enablers to the understanding and application of critical appraisal skills were identified as peer learning, accessing academic supervision, gaining a satisfaction of personal learning and self-directed learning with library skills support. The findings indicate that there are specific pedagogic considerations which can be applied when supporting mental health student nurses in developing and gaining skills in the critical appraisal of research. It is recommended that these are applied universally for nursing students and considered for other populations of healthcare students. • A key barrier to critical appraisal comprehension included anxiety experiences. • Satisfaction with learning promoted growth in knowledge. • Accessing academic supervision was perceived to enable progression immediately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims A discussion of partnership in the context of family-centred care in the acute paediatric setting, through a critical analysis of partnership models. Background Paediatric healthcare practitioners understand the importance of family-centred care, but struggle with how to translate the core tenets into action and are confused by several rival terms. Partnering relationships are included in definitions of family-centred care, yet less is known about strategies to fully engage or support parents in these partnerships. A rigorous examination of concepts embedded in family-centred care such as partnership may provide a better understanding of how to implement the broader concept and support exemplary care in today's clinical practice environment. Design Discussion paper. Data sources Electronic search (January 2000 - December 2014) performed on CINAHL, Medline, EMBASE, Sociological Abstracts and Psych INFO using keywords partnership, family-centred care and conceptual framework. Eligible references were drawn from the databases, reference lists and expert sources. Eight models met inclusion criteria and had currency and relevance to the acute paediatric setting. Implications for nursing Nurses should continue exploring partnership in various paediatric contexts given the wide-ranging definitions, lack of operational indicators and need for stronger relational statements in current models. An examination of key strategies, barriers and facilitators of partnership is recommended. Conclusion One partnership model had both high overall maturity and best fit with family-centred care principles. All models originate from Western and developed countries, indicating that future partnership models should be more geographically, culturally and economically diverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This systematic review aims to identify methodological and ethical challenges in designing and conducting research at the end of life from the perspective of researchers and provide a set of recommendations. Background: Conducting research with patients and family carers facing end‐of‐life issues is ethically and methodologically complex. Design: A systematic review was conducted. Data sources Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo) were searched from inception until the end of 2021 in February 2022. Review methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews was followed, and the JBI Approach to qualitative synthesis was used for analysis. Results: Seventeen of 1983 studies met inclusion criteria. Data were distilled to six main themes. These included (1) the need for flexibility at all stages of the research process; (2) careful attention to timing; (3) sensitivity in approach; (4) the importance of stakeholder collaboration; (5) the need for unique researcher skills; and (6) the need to deal with the issue of missing data. Conclusion: The findings illuminate several considerations that can inform training programmes, ethical review processes and research designs when embarking on research in this field. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Conducting research with patients and their relatives at the end of life brings many ethical and methodological issues.Healthcare providers are often protective and can limit researchers' access to patients.Recruitment of participants is often very difficult as response rates are usually low. What this paper adds? Engaging in research about end‐of‐life care requires flexibility, sensitivity and attention to ethical challenges, as well as adjustment to the organizational and legislative‐juridical contexts.Gatekeeping processes may be improved by involving stakeholders in all parts of a research project, and this also helps to maximize a project's implementation and sustainability after the end of the research.End‐of‐life research can be emotionally challenging for researchers, and this should be reflected in adequate training and emotional support. The implications of this paper: The results show that the Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory is simple and accessible, and nurses can use it to assess patients' capacity for self‐care regularly.There is a paucity of literature on the methodological issues that are faced when conducting research in this area.Future training, education and support of researchers in palliative and end‐of‐life care should seek to address the challenges that are identified in this review.End‐of‐life research may be emotionally challenging for researchers, and this will also require consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large and increasing number of studies have reported a relationship between low nurse staffing levels and adverse outcomes, including higher mortality rates. Despite the evidence being extensive in size, and having been sometimes described as “compelling” and “overwhelming”, there are limitations that existing studies have not yet been able to address. One result of these weaknesses can be observed in the guidelines on safe staffing in acute hospital wards issued by the influential body that sets standards for the National Health Service in England, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, which concluded there is insufficient good quality evidence available to fully inform practice. In this paper we explore this apparent contradiction. After summarising the evidence review that informed the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline on safe staffing and related evidence, we move on to discussing the complex challenges that arise when attempting to apply this evidence to practice. Among these, we introduce the concept of endogeneity, a form of bias in the estimation of causal effects. Although current evidence is broadly consistent with a cause and effect relationship, endogeneity means that estimates of the size of effect, essential for building an economic case, may be biased and in some cases qualitatively wrong. We expand on three limitations that are likely to lead to endogeneity in many previous studies: omitted variables, which refers to the absence of control for variables such as medical staffing and patient case mix; simultaneity, which occurs when the outcome can influence the level of staffing just as staffing influences outcome; and common-method variance, which may be present when both outcomes and staffing levels variables are derived from the same survey. Thus while current evidence is important and has influenced policy because it illustrates the potential risks and benefits associated with changes in nurse staffing, it may not provide operational solutions. We conclude by posing a series of questions about design and methods for future researchers who intend to further explore this complex relationship between nurse staffing levels and outcomes. These questions are intended to reflect on the potential added value of new research given what is already known, and to encourage those conducting research to take opportunities to produce research that fills gaps in the existing knowledge for practice. By doing this we hope that future studies can better quantify both the benefits and costs of changes in nurse staffing levels and, therefore, serve as a more useful tool for those delivering services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This viewpoint article discusses and analyses the need and benefits of a patient safety definition within the context of nursing. Design/methodology/approach: This viewpoint article is supported by literature review, statutory documents and expert knowledge evidence. All these sources provided a unified narrative of the background, current aspects and future needs of patient safety. Findings: The need for strengthening patient safety and the nurses' role within healthcare's actions towards patient safety are discussed. The predominant role of nurses due to the proportionate size and significant role along with the need for clarification of patient safety in nursing terms is recognised. Research evidence of nursing areas with safety issues and relevant nursing interventions are presented. Based on all findings, a research-based nursing specific patient safety definition is proposed. This definition includes three axes: what is patient harm, how this harm can be eliminated or reduced and which are the areas of nursing practice that are identified to provide opportunity for patient harm. These axes include nursing specifications of the patient safety definition. Originality/value: It is the first time that a nurse specific patient safety definition is proposed. This definition strives to enhance nurse practitioners' understanding and engagement with patient safety by clarifying aspects of patient safety within everyday nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurse‐led clinics are known to positively impact and benefit patients; however, there is little understanding of the role of the nurse in a nurse‐led male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) clinic. LUTS affect up to 30% of males over 65 in the United Kingdom and can significantly impact the quality of life of the person experiencing them. LUTS can be managed with conservative changes, as well as with medication and surgical intervention. The aim of this scoping review is to map what is known about the role of the nurse in a nurse‐led male LUTS clinic and what research tells us regarding, the barriers and enablers in nurses leading a male LUTS clinic. This scoping review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐SCR) checklist and the methodological guidelines set out by the Joanna Briggs institute. A literature search was carried out over three databases (CINAHL, Medline Ovid, ProQuest health and medical collection) and systematically searched from 2000 to 2021. Grey literature was also searched, and citation chaining was undertaken. Following a systematic review of the literature, four papers met the inclusion criteria for this scoping review. The emergent themes across the four papers consisted of structure, assessment and resources, and effectiveness of the nurse‐led male LUTS clinic. There was clear agreement across the literature regarding the investigations and assessment the nurse should carry out. Ongoing practical, theoretical, and observational training and education is required to ensure the nurse is competent in running a male LUTS clinic. The papers reviewed showed the nurse provided a supportive role to the consultant. However, there is evidence indicating there is a move towards autonomous practice. There is a dearth of the current research relating to the role of the nurse in nurse‐led male LUTS clinics and the enablers and barriers in nurses leading male LUTS clinics. Further research should be considered to gain a better understanding of where nurse‐led male LUTS clinics currently take place, what the role of the nurse is in leading a LUTS clinic and what enablers and barriers exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The literature reports nursing academics avoid manikin-based simulation because they feel intimidated by the technology. With that in mind we sought to design a manikin-based simulation learning experience for nursing students, with low technological burden for those nursing academics expected to work with the technology. Setting A multi-campus Australian regional university school of nursing. Subjects Nursing academics with little or no experience in manikin-based simulation. Primary argument Nursing academics are encouraged to use manikins in their clinical teaching but little has been done to address their fears and concerns around the technology. We argue that taking simple steps to decrease the technological burden will help to encourage nursing academics uptake of manikin-based simulations, as a favoured pedagogy in clinical teaching. Conclusion The technological burden around manikin-based simulation was reduced by: (1) choosing medium level fidelity simulations, (2) designing simulations where students operate the equipment, (3) preparing participants for the SLE with a pre-brief video and instruction handouts, (4) offering academics roles as observers, and (5) providing on-site technological support. Nursing academics were encouraged by the process and more inclined to engage with manikin simulations. Designing simulations that address nursing academics' fears and concerns around simulation technology encourages simulation uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Paper-based documents are subject to problems related to storage, loss, distribution and editing. Many organizations have introduced ICT-based processes to reduce the use of paper as primary documentation. Nevertheless, paper documents are still being used in healthcare. Purpose To better understand this situation, we have studied the use of paper-based patient lists in two wards in a Norwegian hospital that has ‘gone digital’. We seek to answer the question: “Why is it that paper-based patient lists are maintained in the ward of a hospital going digital?” Methods Participant observations and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders. Results Patient lists allow nurses to immediately record, retrieve, and share relevant patient information at the point of care in a way that is not immediately available through the EPR system. Paper-based tools continue to serve purposes beyond and outside what is currently supported by current electronic information systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the connection between nurses' multilingual beliefs and their advice on multilingual parenting to families with young children. Data was gathered through video-stimulated reflection dialogues with 11 nurses employed at infant welfare clinics in Belgium. Our analysis disclosed two salient counter topics regarding participants' multilingual beliefs: order versus chaos. The latter refers to nurses' view of multilingualism as a linguistic imbroglio. By 'order', we understand the benefits of multilingualism for cognitive and emotional development, provided that the multilingual environment is strictly regulated, particularly through the rigorous adherence to a consistent multilingual parenting strategy. Nurses' panacea for this linguistic farrago is manifested in their advice to multilingual parents. Their recommendations are consistent: multilingualism can only be advantageous for children through a functional language segregation within spaces (i.e. home versus school) and individuals (i.e. One-Parent-One-Language). Nurses' positive perspective on multilingualism thus hinges on the condition that home languages are neatly transmitted in which the acquisition of the school language will not be impeded. Our findings illuminate how nurses' ostensible multilingual orientations are in fact coloured by a monoglossic ideology in which multilingualism is acknowledged from a monolingual vantage point: as the simple sum of separate languages.

Aims This paper discusses the application of transformational leadership to the teaching and learning of safe medication management. Background The prevalence of adverse drug events ( ADEs) and medication-related hospitalisations (one hundred thousand each year in the USA) are of concern. Evaluation This discussion is based on a narrative literature review and scrutiny of international nursing research to synthesise pedagogical strategies for the application of transformational leadership to teaching medication safety. Key issues The four elements relating transformational leadership to medication safety education are: 'Idealised influence' or role modelling, both actual and exemplary, 'Inspirational motivation' providing students with commitment to medication safety, 'Intellectual stimulation' encouraging students to value improvement and change, and 'Individualised consideration' of individual students' educational goals, practice development and patient outcomes. The model lends itself to experiential learning and a case-study approach to teaching, offering an opportunity to reduce nursing's theory-practice gap. Conclusion Transformational leadership for medication safety education is characterised by a focus on the role of nurse educators and mentors in the development of students' abilities, creation of a supportive culture, and enhancement of students' creativity, motivation and ethical behaviour. This will prepare nursing graduates with the competencies necessary to be diligent about medication safety and the prevention of errors. Implications for nursing management Teaching medication safety through transformational leadership requires the close collaboration of educators, managers and policy makers. Investigation of strategies to reduced medication errors and consequent patient harm should include exploration of the application of transformational leadership to education and its impact on the number and severity of medication errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim A discussion on how informatics knowledge and competencies can enable nursing to instantiate transition to integrated models of care. Background Costs of traditional models of care are no longer sustainable consequent to the spiralling incidence and costs of chronic illness. The international community looks towards technology-enabled solutions to support a shift towards integrated patient-centred models of care. Design Discussion paper. Data sources A search of the literature was performed dating from 2000-2015 and a purposeful data sample based on relevance to building the discussion was included. Discussion The holistic perspective of nursing knowledge can support and advance integrated healthcare models. Informatics skills are key for the profession to play a leadership role in design, implementation and operation of next generation health care. However, evidence suggests that nursing engagement with informatics strategic development for healthcare provision is currently variable. Implications for nursing A statistically significant need exists to progress health care towards integrated models of care. Strategic and tactical plans that are robustly pragmatic with nursing insights and expertise are an essential component to achieve effective healthcare provision. To avoid exclusion in the discourse dominated by management and technology experts, nursing leaders must develop and actively promote the advancement of nursing informatics skills. For knowledge in nursing practice to flourish in contemporary health care, nurse leaders will need to incorporate informatics for optimal translation and interpretation. Conclusion Defined nursing leadership roles informed by informatics are essential to generate concrete solutions sustaining nursing practice in integrated care models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nursing, dance and studio-based arts, engineering, and athletic therapy are viewed as practice-oriented professions in which the teaching and situated learning of practical skills are central. In order to succeed, students must perform a series of performance-based assessments, which seemingly require an "able" body to enact complex tasks in situated and/or simulation-based contexts (for example, "safe nursing practice"). Our interdisciplinary research seeks to intervene within the culture of professional learning by investigating what we know about the use of smartphone video recording for situated, practice-based learning, and for supporting interactive video-based assessment as a means of accommodation and extending access for students, including students with performance anxiety,mature students, ESL learners, students with disabilities, and students in remote communities. In this paper we employ a scoping review methodology to present our findings related to students' and instructors' perspectives on the use of smartphone video to demonstrate and document practical knowledge and practice-oriented competencies across fields in the arts and sciences. We also examine broader research, as well as the ethical and design implications for the development of our technology-based toolbox project -- an online resource created to advance pedagogies deploying smartphones as tools for practical skills acquisition -- and for accommodation -- within multidisciplinary practical learning environments.

The article informs about nursing research papers, which include research has been used to legitimize nursing as a profession, education; and research has been on the agenda and the influential bodies involved, only a moderate proportion of nurses use research as a basis for practice.

Background: The extended case method approach has been in existence for decades, albeit remains poorly utilized in nursing, though there are several phenomena of interest to the discipline that may potentially benefit from this unique approach. This provides an avenue to examine the extended case method approach and how to employ it to examine phenomena of interest to the discipline of nursing. Objectives: To examine what the extended case method is, why it should be employed to examine phenomena of interest to nursing, highlight some studies that have employed the approach in nursing, and offer methodological guidance to support its conduct and uptake in nursing research. Design: Discussion paper. Findings: The extended case method emphasizes the use of a theory and focuses on discovering how underlying structures at the micro level are affected by broader social forces. This makes it a useful approach to examine how macro level theories affect vulnerable, marginalized persons, which makes it particularly useful to the discipline of nursing. The approach is flexible, and there are no strict steps to be followed, albeit three important stages are highlighted. Discussion: The extended case method offers a unique approach to examining how policies, rules and structures come into play in phenomena of interest to the discipline of nursing. This notwithstanding, the use of this approach is resource intensive. What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community?: The extended case method is a unique qualitative design applicable to examining understudied, emerging and established phenomena relevant to nursing.The focus of the extended case method is to examine 'what is' and 'what ought to be'. Patient and public contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces a series of articles on nursing and midwifery, which appeared in the 30th anniversary issue of the "Journal of Advanced Nursing."

The article presents the discussion on persistent work-related problem of emotional and psychological stress in journalism practice. Topics include receiving training in trauma-informed literacy and resilience, unlike the counterparts in the police, nursing, ambulance services, and fire brigade; and verified cases of killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention, and torture of journalists and associated media personnel.

Across the globe, students with disabilities have been increasing in prevalence in higher education settings. In the twenty-first century the struggle to include individuals with disabilities into nursing schools and workplaces continues in different parts of the world. Historically, entry criteria in nursing schools have been based on essential functions, which were primarily designed to be used in the workforce, rather than technical standards for education. In other health professions, such as medicine, this is not necessarily the case. For example, the American Association of Medical Colleges has worked over the past two decades to develop appreciation among medical schools for the need to admit and accommodate students with disabilities. We argue that nursing has not followed suit. This paper presents an integrative literature review, consisting of material from the United States, Ireland, United Kingdom, and Australia, investigating compelling stories, legal mandates, websites, and extant literature looking at essential functions or technical standards as entry criteria for nursing schools. The results show that, when essential functions for employment are used in nursing education, they may be a barrier to entry into that program. The paper concludes with recommendations for well-defined technical standards for nursing schools to be used primarily as entry criteria.

Presents a review of paper published in the Journal of Advanced Nursing, 1976–1979 and 1989–1992. Criteria noted on the submission of the papers; Final analysis on the characteristics of authors under the headings; General topics addressed in papers.

This paper explores the philosophical concept of epistemic injustice and contends its significance and relevance to mental health nurse education and clinical practice. The term epistemic injustice may be unfamiliar to mental health nurses, yet the effects are readily visible in the dismissing, silencing, and doubting of service users' knowledge, testimony, and interpretation. Existing professional values and clinical standards lack depth and critical exploration pertaining to epistemology and associated ethical concerns. Despite central tenets of person-centred care and valuing the service users' voice, epistemic injustice continues to occur. Epistemic injustice cannot be summed up merely by asking nurses to listen to service users. This represents an oversimplification of epistemology, ignoring the complexities of social influence and knowledge exchanges. Epistemic injustice brings something new and innovative to the nursing curriculum and fits within the principles of heutagogy. It encourages deep reflexivity surrounding the ethical issues of power inequalities and intersectionality. Inclusion in mental health nursing education allows for the social and political powers of psychiatric diagnosis as a form of silencing and stigma to be examined. Practical application is made to mental health nursing education and practice with epistemological values and ethical reflexive prompts. These can be utilised by educators and lecturers for pre-registration mental health nurse education, post-registration, and continued professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Phenomenography emerged from pedagogy to examine the qualitatively different ways that individuals experience and perceive the same phenomenon. Despite its uniqueness, the uptake of phenomenography in nursing research is still limited. Potentially, this may be related to confusion regarding what the design is about, its philosophical underpinnings and how distinct it is from other qualitative designs. Objectives: To offer a better understanding of phenomenography by comparing it with other established qualitative research designs, examining its theoretical foundations, highlighting some studies that have employed the approach in nursing and offering methodological guidance to improve its uptake in nursing. Design: Discussion paper. Findings: Compared to the traditional qualitative designs employed in nursing, phenomenography has been utilized in fewer studies. The ontological, epistemological and methodological basis of phenomenography highlights it as a distinct design. The strength of phenomenography lies in its emphasis on understanding the collective variations between participants and presenting these holistically as an 'outcome space'. Discussion: Phenomenography is a distinct qualitative research approach that presents a unique opportunity for nursing to further its use. Issues regarding bracketing, the inclusion of phenomenography studies in qualitative meta‐synthesis and employing a hermeneutic approach to phenomenography are avenues for further work in nursing. Patient and Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education institutions are uniquely placed to introduce emotional coping skills to promote resilience in pre-registration nurses in order to reduce anxiety and increase confidence before they enter clinical placement for the first time. In this qualitative study, we will explore the use of a 360-degree video in developing skills for coping. The participants will be mental health nursing students. We will develop a 360-degree video in collaboration with a mental health service user. All participants will watch the video. A sub-group will receive a supportive clinical supervision discussion within a cognitive reappraisal/solution-focused/VERA framework. We will record the experiences of the participant to explore: (1) how students felt about the use of 360-degree video, as an education tool to build skills of resilience; (2) whether the students involved felt more confident and less anxious about the situation in the video as a result of participating in the cognitive reappraisal/solution-focused/VERA supervision discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim A discussion which aims to explore the diversity of decision-making during teenage and young adult cancer treatment. The discussion will be related to the concepts of autonomy, dependence and decision-making in this age group. Background The experience of cancer involves a significant series of treatment decisions. However, other non-treatment decisions also have to be made which can relate to any aspect of everyday life. These decisions occur against the backdrop of young people's disease experience. Design Discussion paper. Data sources A literature search for the period 1990-2013 was undertaken. This included searching the following databases: Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature ( CINAHL), SCOPUS, Medline, DARE, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts ( ASSIA), (Psych Info) and The Cochrane Library. Implications for nursing There is a lack of evidence into the experience of everyday decisions made by young people during cancer treatment. This may affect them in the form of unmet needs that nurses, or other professionals, fail to appreciate. Conclusion Further exploration of how teenagers and young adults experience the range and process of decision-making during cancer treatment could be useful in helping to provide effective supportive care for this age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To review, discuss and compare nursing and midwifery regulatory and professional bodies' scope of practice and associated decision-making frameworks. Background Scope of practice in professional nursing and midwifery is an evolving process which needs to be responsive to clinical, service, societal, demographic and fiscal changes. Codes and frameworks offer a system of rules and principles by which the nursing and midwifery professions are expected to regulate members and demonstrate responsibility to society. Design Discussion paper. Data sources Twelve scope of practice and associated decision-making frameworks (January 2000-March 2014). Implications for nursing Two main approaches to the regulation of the scope of practice and associated decision-making frameworks exist internationally. The first approach is policy and regulation driven and behaviour oriented. The second approach is based on notions of autonomous decision-making, professionalism and accountability. The two approaches are not mutually exclusive, but have similar elements with a different emphasis. Both approaches lack explicit recognition of the aesthetic aspects of care and patient choice, which is a fundamental principle of evidence-based practice. Conclusion Nursing organizations, regulatory authorities and nurses should recognize that scope of practice and the associated responsibility for decision-making provides a very public statement about the status of nursing in a given jurisdiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Healthcare institutions worldwide are moving to electronic health records (EHRs). These transitions are particularly numerous in the US where healthcare systems are purchasing and implementing commercial EHRs to fulfill federal requirements. Despite the central role of EHRs to workflow, the cognitive impact of these transitions on the workforce has not been widely studied. This study assesses the changes in cognitive workload among pediatric nurses during data entry and retrieval tasks during transition from a hybrid electronic and paper information system to a commercial EHR. Materials and methods Baseline demographics and computer attitude and skills scores were obtained from 74 pediatric nurses in two wards. They also completed an established and validated instrument, the NASA-TLX, that is designed to measure cognitive workload; this instrument was used to evaluate cognitive workload of data entry and retrieval. The NASA-TLX was administered at baseline ( pre -implementation), 1, 5 and 10 shifts and 4 months post- implementation of the new EHR. Results Most nurse participants experienced significant increases of cognitive workload at 1 and 5 shifts after “go-live”. These increases abated at differing rates predicted by participants’ computer attitudes scores ( p = 0.01). Conclusions There is substantially increased cognitive workload for nurses during the early phases (1–5 shifts) of EHR transitions. Health systems should anticipate variability across workers adapting to “meaningful use” EHRs. “One-size-fits-all” training strategies may not be suitable and longer periods of technical support may be necessary for some workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses and other health care providers face daily challenges when delivering care in the acute care settings to adult patients on the autism spectrum (ASD). Secondary to a lack of disability-specific training, health care providers may struggle to establish and maintain a therapeutic rapport with patients diagnosed on the autism spectrum (Bury et al., 2020). The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and pilot testing of decision-making tools to guide healthcare providers as they interact with patients on the autism spectrum using a novel approach. This mixed methods project employed simulation technology and actors portraying patients. It was conducted in two phases. During Phase 1, the decision-making tools were created using video-taped encounters between nursing students (n = 11) and standardized patients (actors) who displayed a range of core characteristics and behavioral features associated with ASD. During Phase 2, we piloted the tools with a convenience sample of 17 nurses. A panel of experts using a modified Delphi technique, 17-item task completion, 22-item behavioral encounter checklists and debriefing sessions, analyzed the 17-recorded simulations. The decision-making tools show promise of being to guide nurses' efforts to establish and maintain a therapeutic rapport with hospitalized adult patients who are also on the autism spectrum.

Aims This article explores the care British nurses provided to victims of typhus during the Second World War. Background Typhus is associated with poverty and overcrowding. During wars in the pre-antibiotic era, civilians were particularly susceptible to epidemics, which military governments feared would spread to their troops. Design This discussion paper draws on archival data from three typhus epidemics in the Second World War to examine the expert work of British nurses in caring for victims during these potential public health disasters. Data Sources The published sources for the paper include material from nursing and medical journals published between 1940-1947. Archival sources come from the National Archives in Kew, the Wellcome Library and the Army Medical Services Museum, between 1943-1945. Of particular interest is the correspondence with Dame Katharine Jones from nurses on active service overseas. Implications for Nursing Whilst epidemics of typhus are now rare, nurses in the present day may be required to care for the public in environments of extreme poverty and overcrowding, where life-threatening infectious diseases are prevalent. This article has demonstrated that it is possible for expert and compassionate nursing to alleviate suffering and prevent death, even when medical technologies are unavailable. Conclusion Expert and compassionate care, adequate nutrition and hydration and attention to hygiene needs are crucial when there are limited pharmacological treatments and medical technologies available to treat infectious diseases. The appreciation of this could have implications for nurses working in current global conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims A discussion on the case for nurse-led community delivery of health and social care interventions to ex-offenders. Background Ex-offenders re-enter their communities with limited pre-release preparation for the continuity of access to health care once outside prison. Once released, these individuals become hard to reach, do not consider health a priority and consequently use services to address their health and social care needs in a crisis-led way. Nevertheless, how nurses can best support these health-excluded group of individuals in the community remains vague and requires discussion. Design Discussion paper. Data sources Several databases were searched for papers published in English from 1990-2012 using the Population, Intervention and Outcome framework to help structure search. Discussion It is argued that current dominant discourses around equity of care are contradicted in the provision of health and social care services to ex-offenders in the community. Effective engagement with community interventions may be achieved if ex-offenders maintain contact with frontline providers who can support both their structural and health needs. Implication for nursing Nurses are uniquely positioned to initiate and sustain contact with ex-offenders, intervening at points of greatest need in the community to address the socially significant health and social care issues that plague them. Conclusion The use of nurses in the provision of health and social care interventions to ex-offenders is a strategy, which could increase equity in access to health care, reduce reoffending and improve both the health and life chances of these individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To present a discussion on theoretical frameworks in infection prevention and control. Background Infection prevention and control programmes have been in place for several years in response to the incidence of healthcare-associated infections and their associated morbidity and mortality. Theoretical frameworks play an important role in formalizing the understanding of infection prevention activities. Design Discussion paper. Data sources A literature search using electronic databases was conducted for published articles in English addressing theoretical frameworks in infection prevention and control between 1980-2012. Results Nineteen papers that included a reference to frameworks were identified in the review. A narrative analysis of these papers was completed. Two models were identified and neither included the role of surveillance. Discussion To reduce the risk of acquiring a healthcare-associated infection, a multifaceted approach to infection prevention is required. One key component in this approach is surveillance. The review identified two infection prevention and control frameworks, yet these are rarely applied in infection prevention and control programmes. Only one framework considered the multifaceted approach required for infection prevention. It did not, however, incorporate the role of surveillance. We present a framework that incorporates the role of surveillance into a biopsychosocial approach to infection prevention and control. Conclusion Infection prevention and control programmes and associated research are led primarily by nurses. There is a need for an explicit infection prevention and control framework incorporating the important role that surveillance has in infection prevention activities. This study presents one framework for further critique and discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To explore patterns of help-seeking in women who have sexual dysfunction and the implications for nursing practice. Background Female sexual dysfunction is a common problem that is under-reported and untreated. Barriers to help-seeking reported in existing literature relate to the perception among many women that sexual dysfunction is: part of the normal ageing process; not bothersome or does not exist; an issue that health professionals are reluctant to address; a taboo subject. However, little is known about patterns of help-seeking in women with sexual problems. This leaves a potential gap in nursing knowledge regarding appropriate, supportive strategies. Design Discursive inquiry framed theoretically by Vogel's model. Methods A literature review was undertaken by searching relevant databases. A combination of keywords was used to identify peer-review papers relating to women's help-seeking behaviour for sexual dysfunction. Vogel's model was used as a framework to extract relevant information from the papers and structure the discussion. Results Vogel's model comprises four steps: encoding and interpreting, generating options, decision-making and evaluation of behaviour. Using this stepwise approach helped elucidate the complex mechanisms associated with help-seeking in a structured manner. The key issues associated with help-seeking intention are concerned with women's personal awareness of and interaction with the environment. Conclusions Vogel's model offers a new approach to understanding the dynamics that underpin women's decisions to seek professional help when sexual concerns arise and also provides a useful framework for nurses to consider women's specific sexual concerns. Relevance to clinical practice Implications for nursing practice are focused on public awareness, women's empowerment and the provision of effective sexual health care. Because sexual dysfunction is a global phenomenon, it is likely that the discussion in this paper will be relevant to an international, nursing readership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This scoping review explored the main environmental factors in the workplace that contribute to nursing resilience in respiratory infectious pandemic events. Background: There is strong evidence in the literature about the influence of individual factors on nurses' resilience and a growing interest on the impact of the workplace environment on these factors. Therefore, a review that synthesizes environmental factors that support nurses' resilience in pandemic events is timely. Method: A scoping review of publications written in English, Spanish, and Portuguese of registered publications until December 2020 in MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, CINAHL, WoS, BVS, and APA identified 10,767 potential papers. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were used during the literature review process. The Health Services Workplace Environmental Resilience Model (HSWERM) was used to guide exploration and synthesis. Results: Thirty-two (32) publications met inclusion criteria. Most of the HSWERM workplace factors were mentioned in the literature. The main workplace environmental factors that were identified included communication, inter-professional collaboration, access to equipment, targeted training, and supporting well-being. Conclusions: Recognition of these key environmental factors in the workplace will help to implement more effective actions to promote resiliency prior to and during emergency situations. It will also enable managers to include, in any preparation planning, contingencies to protect these factors with the view of sustainable resilience of nursing staff throughout the emergency event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Paper based simulated patients are widely used to analyse nurses’ clinical judgements. However, developments in the physical simulation of clinical environments offer exciting, but relatively underexploited, opportunities for exploring nurses’ judgements. Critical event risk assessment is an element of acute care practice which lends itself well to simulation and in which more clinical experience is often assumed to lead to better quality judgements. Objectives: To model nurses’ judgements of critical event risk using physical and paper simulation and to examine whether improving fidelity via physical clinical simulation impacts on the apparent benefits of clinical experience on nurses’ judgement performance. Design: A comparative clinical judgement analysis. Setting: A university in Northern England. Methods: Sixty-three nursing students and 34 experienced nurses made dichotomous risk assessment judgements (“at risk” or “not at risk”) in response to 25 paper and physical simulated scenarios. These were randomly generated from a dataset of real patient case records. Clinical outcomes (the judgement criteria) for a ‘correct’ judgement were derived from the same case records. Logistic regression models were constructed to derive statistics for each nurse representing various measures of judgement performance: achievement (r a ), consistency (R s ) and clinical information use (G). These statistics were known as Lens Model statistics (from the psychological theory of Brunswik''s Lens Model of judgement). Performance measures for novice and experienced nurses were compared. Results: No significant differences in judgemental achievement (r a ) between experienced nurses and students were observed in either paper or high fidelity clinical simulations. Similarly, there were no significant differences in the nurses’ abilities to correctly match the ways they synthesised clinical information with the optimum synthesis required by the task (policy matching) (G). When faced with “paper patients” experienced nurses exercised more cognitive control/consistency (R s ) than students (P =0.04). However, this heightened control in experienced nurses was absent when those same nurses made judgements in the higher fidelity clinical simulation environment. Conclusion: Clinical experience made no difference to nurses’ judgement achievement (accuracy) in either the lower fidelity paper scenarios or the higher fidelity setting of the clinical simulation unit. The significant impact of clinical experience on judgement consistency was negated by the increases in fidelity offered through clinical simulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An introduction is presented in which author discusses articles on topics including focuses on promoting environmental sustainability and an opportunity to share projects related to improve the environmental footprint of critical care.

Body care is considered a key aspect of nursing and imperative for the health, wellbeing, and dignity of older people. In Scandinavian countries, body care as a professional practice has undergone considerable changes, bringing new understandings, values, and dilemmas into nursing. A systematic mapping review was conducted with the aims of identifying and mapping international nursing research on body care of older people in different institutionalized settings in the healthcare system and to critically discuss the dominant assumptions within the research by adapting a problematization approach. Most identified papers reported on empirical research with a biomedical approach focusing on outcome and effectiveness. Conceptual papers, papers with a focus on the perspectives of the older people, or contextual and material aspects were lacking. The research field is dominated by four dominant assumptions: Body care as an evidence‐based practice, body care as a relational ethical practice, the body as a body‐object and a body‐subject, the objects in the body care practices as nonrelational materialities. Given the complexities of professional body care practices, there is a need for other research designs and theoretical perspectives within nursing that expand our understanding of body care taking into consideration the multiple social and material realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe the use of bibliometrics in nursing and assess their contribution to research and practice. Design: A content analysis was conducted of topics, data sources and applications of bibliometrics in nursing research articles. Methods: The study universe included 129 bibliometric articles on nursing retrieved from Scopus. A content analysis was performed to identify the purposes and topics of the articles, the sources employed to collect the data, the time frames covered, the amounts of records surveyed, and the features of the nursing literature analysed in bibliometric papers. Results: Nursing bibliometric research revolves around six key areas: global descriptions of the nursing literature, literature on specific nursing research topics, nursing education, nursing profession, nursing research using a certain framework or method, and nursing literature published in a country or region. Studies rely on three types of sources to retrieve the surveyed literature: bibliographic databases, sets of disciplinary journals and samples of documents. Bibliometrics can be employed to advance nursing research (identification of research gaps, establishment of research agendas, assessment of methodological approaches, etc.) and practice (identification of professional competences, categorisation of professional tasks, recognition of educational improvements, etc.), suggesting new avenues for researchers who aim to conduct further bibliometric research in the field. Further research is needed to assess the coverage of the nursing literature by new bibliographic data sources and to explore unaddressed topics such as gender imbalance in authorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]