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The main aim of this study was to define a procedure useful to evaluate the potential environmental, social and economic benefits contained in paper and cardboard (or other recyclables), which are wasted in the unsorted fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). To give a practical example, the procedure was applied to the 550 municipalities of the Campania region, in Southern Italy, but the developed procedure is applicable in any context in an ‘urban mining’ perspective. The procedure consists of five phases and uses two methodologies: one for the estimation of the composition analysis of the unsorted residual waste and another for the calculation of sustainability indicators able to measure the benefits wasted in the unsorted residual MSW. Six indicators were defined: two for the environment (carbon footprint and ecological footprint), two for the society (health footprint and occupational benefits) and two for the economy (economic profit and economic saving). The first methodology was developed by the regional environmental protection agency to update the MSW regional management plan. The second methodology is based on the use of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) through which it was possible to calculate the reference parameters useful for the calculation of the impacts (i.e., loss of benefits) for recycling, mechanical and biological treatment (MBT), incineration and landfilling of paper and cardboard contained in the unsorted residual waste. The obtained results confirmed the presence of such an enormous deposit of recyclable materials contained in the unsorted residual waste, which is a potential source, but not exploited, of environmental, social and economic benefits. For instance, the paper and cardboard ‘urban mine’ of Naples was greater than 16 million of euro (economic profit + economic saving), with a potential saving of around 11.4 million of kgCO2eq. (carbon footprint), 207 million of m2 (ecological footprint), 44 Disability Adjusted Life Years (health footprint), with a creation of 30 job positions in the waste management sector (occupational benefits).

Las actividades que se desarrollan en las organizaciones educativas tienen un determinado impacto ambiental. Analizar el efecto de las mismas sobre el medio ambiente permite determinar y priorizar acciones para minimizarlo. Una forma de cuantificarlo es mediante el indicador ambiental Huella Ecológica que tiene un alto potencial como herramienta de concientización.Este tipo de organizaciones presentan un alto consumo de papel. Además, la movilidad de la comunidad hacia las sedes en las cuales se realizan las actividades académicas involucra un uso intensivo de transporte (trenes, subte, colectivos, bicicletas y autos particulares). Con el objetivo de calcular el indicador Huella Ecológica se realizó una encuesta a estudiantes de la asignatura Análisis Matemático II de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires para determinar el consumo de papel y el tipo de movilidad utilizada para asistir a clase. Con estos datos, se calculó el impacto ambiental de dicha actividad.En este trabajo se describe la metodología utilizada y se presentan los resultados obtenidos sobre estos dos aspectos ambientales: consumo de papel y transporte estudiantil. The activities undertaken in educational organizations have a certain environmental impact. Analyzing their effect on the environment makes it possible to determine and prioritize actions aimed at minimizing it. One way to quantify such effect is by means of the Ecological Footprint environmental indicator, which has a high potential when used as an awareness-raising tool. These types of organizations have a high level of paper consumption. In addition, students commute to their campuses, thus involving an intensive use of transport systems (trains, subway, buses, bicycles, and private cars). In order to calculate the Ecological Footprint indicator, a survey responded to by students of the ‘Mathematical Analysis II’ subject at the School of Economics of the Universidad de Buenos Aires was carried out, so as to determine their paper consumption and the mode of transportation used to attend their classes. Based on these data, the environmental impact of this activity was calculated. This paper describes the methodology used and presents the results obtained for these two environmental aspects: paper consumption and students’ transport. Fil: Fernandez, María José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: García Fronti, Verónica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.económicas. Instituto de Invest.en Adm Contab y Met Cuant P/gestion; Argentina Fil: Parma, Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Instituto de Investigación en Administración, Contabilidad y Matemática. Centro de Investigación en Metodologías Básicas y Aplicadas a la Gestión y Economía; Argentina

Biofilm formation is a major cause of reduced paper quality and increased down time during paper manufacturing. This study uses Illumina next‐generation sequencing to identify the microbial populations causing quality issues due to their presence in biofilms and slimes. The paper defects investigated contained traces of the films and/or slime of mainly two genera, Tepidimonas and Chryseobacterium. The Tepidimonas spp. found contributed on average 68% to the total bacterial population. Both genera have been described previously to be associated with biofilms in paper mills. There was indication that Tepidimonas spp. were present as compact biofilm in the head box of one paper machine and was filtered out by the paper web during production. On the other hand Tepidimonas spp. were also present to a large extent in the press and white waters of two nonproblematic paper machines. Therefore, the mere presence of a known biofilm producer alone is not sufficient to cause slimes and therefore paper defects and other critical factors are additionally at play. For instance, we identified Acidovorax sp., which is an early colonizer of paper machines, exhibiting the ability to form extracellular DNA matrices for attachment and biofilm formation.

The application of technologies related to Industry 4.0 is already underway in countries such as the United States, Germany, China, South Korea and Japan. Given the importance of using new technologies of Industry 4.0, listed in the scientific literature, we aim to understand how international academic publications on Industry 4.0 are characterized, based on their scientific indicators. In order to meet the objective, scientific publications were extracted from the Web of Science platform and analysis techniques such as Bibliometric, Spearman Correlation and Clustering (Cluster) were used. The revelations have pointed out that the Industry 4.0 theme is recent in terms of scientific publications by the Web of Science platform. In this database, the first Management, Business and Economics academic publications took place in 2016, although from 2018 onwards, there is a significant increase of academic publications in the researched area. Empirical disclosure provided evidence that the various measurements of indicators on the Impact Factor and number of citations converge with each other. The results pointed to a gap in indicators that demonstrate academic publications with expressive citations in low-impact journals. Finally, it is pointed out that these quantitative disclosures contribute to the decision-making initial process, but with limitations, considering the importance of interpretive analysis of the scientific literature content. La aplicación de tecnologías relacionadas con la Industria 4.0 ya está en marcha en países como Estados Unidos, Alemania, China, Corea del Sur y Japón. Dada la importancia del uso de las nuevas tecnologías de la Industria 4.0, recogidas por la literatura científica, este trabajo pretende conocer cómo se caracterizan las publicaciones internacionales sobre el tema Industria 4.0, a partir de sus indicadores científicos. Para cumplir el objetivo, se extrajeron las publicaciones científicas en la plataforma Web of Science y se utilizaron técnicas de análisis como la Bibliometría, la Correlación de Spearman y el Clustering. Las revelaciones señalan que el tema de la Industria 4.0 es reciente en cuanto a las publicaciones de la plataforma Web of Science. En esta base de datos, la primera publicación en las áreas de Gestión, Empresa y Economía se produjo en el año 2016, aunque, a partir de 2018, se evidencia un aumento significativo de publicaciones en el área investigada. La revelación empírica aportó pruebas de que las distintas medidas de los indicadores de Factor de Impacto y número de citas, convergen entre sí. Los resultados señalaron una brecha de indicadores que demuestran publicaciones con citas expresivas en revistas con bajo factor de impacto. Por último, se señala que estas revelaciones cuantitativas contribuyen al proceso inicial de toma de decisiones, pero con limitaciones, dada la importancia del análisis interpretativo de los contenidos de las publicaciones. A aplicação de tecnologias relacionadas à Indústria 4.0 já está em curso em países como os Estados Unidos, Alemanha, China, Coréia do Sul e Japão. Diante da importância do uso de novas tecnologias da Indústria 4.0, elencadas pela literatura científica, este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender como estão caracterizadas as publicações internacionais sobre o tema Indústria 4.0, a partir de seus indicadores científicos. Com o intuito de atender ao objetivo, extraiu-se publicações científicas na plataforma Web of Science e utilizou-se técnicas de análise como a Bibliométrica, Correlação de Spearman e Agrupamento (Cluster). As revelações apontaram que o tema Indústria 4.0 é recente em termos de publicações pela plataforma Web of Science. Nessa base de dados, a primeira publicação nas áreas de Gestão, Negócios e Economia aconteceu no ano de 2016, embora, a partir de 2018, se evidencie um aumento significativo das publicações na área pesquisada. A revelação empírica forneceu evidências de que as várias medições dos indicadores de Fator de Impacto e número de citações, convergem entre si. Os resultados apontaram uma lacuna de indicadores que demonstrem publicações com expressivas citações em periódicos de baixo fator de impacto. Por fim, aponta-se que essas revelações quantitativas contribuem no processo inicial de tomada de decisão, mas com limitações, tendo em vista a importância da análise interpretativa dos conteúdos das publicações científicas.

本稿では、まず教学IR 担当者が扱う指標(Indicator)を、対象と汎用性を軸として分類した。対象の観点から、指標は教育質保証・国際化・エンロールメントマネジメントの三種に大別された。一方、汎用性は測定値と指標の対応関係と、指標の定義を行う主体の影響を受けていることを述べた。続いて、教学IR 担当者が扱っている指標の使われ方、指標が果たしている役割、課題を検討し、とりわけ指標の共有方法や提示方法について考察した。第一に、授業単位の教育質保証に用いられる指標のうち修了率を例に、算出や解釈の際の課題を通して、指標の使用が質保証の目的の精緻化や現状認識を迫るものであることを明らかにした。第二に、指標を関係者間で用いるための四段階の活動を提案し、その中でも指標の共有について共有範囲別に具体的な方法を検討した。, This paper categorizes various indicators used by institutional researchers and provides insight into the roles and issues related to indicator usage in education. In a first section, indicators are classified into three general groups based on their objectives: quality assurance, internationalization, and enrollment management. In addition, the paper explains that the corresponding relation between indicators and metrics affects versatility, as do the different entities defining the format of indicators. In its second section, this paper presents some reminders for good practice when using operating indicators, such as the development of an online fact book system and better distribution of indicators amongst board members, faculties, administrative staff, and institutional researchers. Retention rate in class is illustrated as an example of an area in which it is difficult to use indicators; this is because the indicator's calculation needs to identify concrete aims in order to be effective. Four steps to leverage indicators are thus suggested, followed by three action points to share indicators depending on their scopes.