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Abstract Purpose--The purpose of this paper is to analyze the status of gross and net working capital and their association with sales of Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Ltd, with reference [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.10.019 Byline: Kazuki Matsumoto (a), Hiroyoshi Miwa (b), Toshihide Ibaraki (b) Keywords: Scheduling; Corrugated paper; Complexity; Contiguous set; Integer programming Abstract: Corrugated paper is produced by gluing three types of papers of the same breadth. Given a set of orders, we first assign each order to one of the standard breadths, and then sequence those assigned to each standard breadth so that they are continuously manufactured from the three rolls of the specified standard breadth equipped in the machine called corrugator. Here we are asked to achieve multi-goals of minimizing total length of roll papers, total loss of papers caused by the differences between standard breadths and real breadths of the orders, and the number of machine stops needed during production. We use integer programming to assign orders to standard breadths, and then develop a special purpose algorithm to sequence the orders assigned to each standard breadth. This is a first attempt to handle scheduling problems of the corrugator machine. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan (b) Department of Informatics, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan Article History: Received 24 March 2007; Accepted 5 October 2007

In this paper, we analyze the diffusion and adoption of paper making machinery in the Indonesian pulp and paper industry, from 1923 till 2000. We develop a machine level index of technological sophistication (math), which measures the technological distance of each paper machine to the world technological frontier. The data reveal a pattern of rapid technological catch up. But catch up was not an industrywide phenomenon. Some modern firms installed state-of-the-art machinery, while others installed older vintages. The paper argues that industrial policy has played an important role in the speed and nature of diffusion of paper making machinery. Key words--Asia, Indonesia, pulp and paper industry, technology diffusion, technology adoption, industrial policy, machine index

This study examines the recent dynamics in the rapidly growing handmade paper industry in Nepal. The paper argues that the industry is sustainable from social responsibility as well as natural resources and economic perspectives. Five principle sources of socially responsible practices are identified: (1) traditional commitment to community development, (2) fair trade codes of conduct, (3) corporate social responsibility, (4) the industry's business service organization (Nepal Handmade Paper Association), and (5) the general policy and legal framework. The paper concludes with a discussion of this industry as a case study of 'positive deviance' and with lessons for contemporary innovation systems theory and for development policy and practice. Key words--Asia, Nepal, handmade paper, fair trade, positive deviance, innovation

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.03.008 Byline: David A. Raitzer Keywords: impact assessment; policy research; evaluation; forests; Asia; Indonesia Abstract: Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied to assess the impact of CIFOR's political economy research on the Indonesian pulp and paper sector. Key-informant interviews triangulated by trend-series tests suggest important influence through advocacy intermediaries and counterfactuals of slower adoption of improvements. Effects on conservation set-asides, overcapacity, and plantation establishment are estimated to avert loss of 76,000-212,000hectares of natural forest (135,000 under main assumptions). Application of an economic-surplus framework for environmental benefits of forest conservation and avoided implicit wood subsidies finds benefits of US$19 to US$583 million (US$133 million main estimate), compared with US$500,000 of direct research costs. Author Affiliation: International Rice Research Institute, Philippines Article History: Accepted 21 March 2010

This comment provides a critical analysis of Van Beukering and Bouman's [World Development 29 (2001) 1717] article on global paper recycling and trade. We first question their notion that developing countries specialize in waste paper utilization and developed countries in recovery activities primarily because of different patterns of waste paper trade. An increased focus on relative waste paper availability, we argue, provides us with a better understanding of global paper recycling. We also criticize some of the implicit assumptions made in their regression analysis of waste paper utilization rates. An alternative regression model is therefore derived and estimated. In contrast to the approach used by Van Beukering and Bouman our analysis (a) is consistent with basic microeconomic theory; (b) distinguishes clearly between short- and long-run impacts; and (c) produces results that support our initial conjecture that waste paper availability is the most important determinant of waste paper use. Key words--waste paper, recycling, trade, developing countries, developed countries, utilization

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.08.033 Byline: Philip C. Jones, Jeffrey W. Ohlmann Keywords: OR in agriculture; Forest economics; Normal forest; Regulated forest; Newsvendor model; Forestry supply chain management Abstract: We consider a vertically integrated papermaking operation composed of an integrated pulp and paper mill with its regional supply network. Considering land procurement and harvest rotation as strategic decision variables, we construct a model to establish a long-range timber supply plan that minimizes the total discounted cost of meeting annual virgin wood fiber demand over an infinite horizon. Under appropriate assumptions on costs and storage, the land procurement and harvest rotation decisions are separable with harvest rotation being determined via a forest economics-type equation and land procurement being determined by a newsvendor-type equation. Author Affiliation: Department of Management Sciences, 108 John Pappajohn Business Building, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1994, United States Article History: Received 18 January 2006; Accepted 24 August 2007

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.06.002 Byline: Stephen Biggs Keywords: Asia; Nepal; handmade paper; fair trade; positive deviance; innovation Abstract: This study examines the recent dynamics in the rapidly growing handmade paper industry in Nepal. The paper argues that the industry is sustainable from social responsibility as well as natural resources and economic perspectives. Five principle sources of socially responsible practices are identified: (1) traditional commitment to community development, (2) fair trade codes of conduct, (3) corporate social responsibility, (4) the industry's business service organization (Nepal Handmade Paper Association), and (5) the general policy and legal framework. The paper concludes with a discussion of this industry as a case study of 'positive deviance' and with lessons for contemporary innovation systems theory and for development policy and practice. Author Affiliation: University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Article History: Accepted 22 June 2005

Phnom Penh -- On a far-flung riverbank in southwest Cambodia last spring, Buth Ran peered out of her wooden stilt home to see a sagging barge unload a half-dozen logging [...]

Four years ago, the Clinton Administration considered promulgating an executive order which would have required the federal government to purchase totally chlorine-free (TCF) paper to satisfy a small portion of [...]

Rebecca J. Scott and Jean M. Hebrard, Freedom Papers: An Atlantic Odyssey in the Age of Emancipation (Cambridge: Harvard University Press 2012) AFTER A CHANCE DISCOVERY of a piece of [...]

For most of the nineteenth century Britain held an undisputed lead in the field of paper-machine technology. By the 1890s this lead had been lost to America. This article argues that Britain's loss of technological pre-eminence at this time had much more to do with the greater scale of the American market and the willingness of American manufacturers to embrace schemes that enhanced technological accumulation than it did to any protracted adherence to outdated and traditional practices that some British workers might have had. The article also outlines a general framework for the analysis of the rate of innovation achieved through learning., The relative economic decline of Britain since the last quarter of the nineteenth century has often been attributed to its firms' continued predilection for small-scale batch production and highly skilled [...]

A container loading software package for solving the different problems involved in the containerization of pulp and paper products is presented. The software boasts of a packing algorithm for creating a two-dimensional pattern for placing reels on the floor of container, a heuristic algorithm for two-dimensional stowing of reels of a common diameter and a second packing algorithm for stowing pallets of various sizes. Its applicability has been validated in several decision situations which include the determination of feasible reel diameters and efficient stowage patterns.

Since the mid-1970s the European Community's (EC) position in the world economy has become more precarious. Two hundred years ago, several European countries were core nations of the capitalist world [...]

AMIDST THE ECONOMIC crisis of 2009 and the loss of tens of thousands of manufacturing jobs, one key strategic challenge for Canadian labour is how to hold the line and [...]

Timothy J. Minchin, The Color of Work: The Struggle for Civil Rights in the Southern Paper Industry, 1945-1980 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press 2001) IN THE COLOR OF [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.03.004 Byline: Michiel van Dijk, Adam Szirmai Keywords: Asia; Indonesia; pulp and paper industry; technology diffusion; technology adoption; industrial policy; machine index Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the diffusion and adoption of paper making machinery in the Indonesian pulp and paper industry, from 1923 till 2000. We develop a machine level index of technological sophistication (mach), which measures the technological distance of each paper machine to the world technological frontier. The data reveal a pattern of rapid technological catch up. But catch up was not an industrywide phenomenon. Some modern firms installed state-of-the-art machinery, while others installed older vintages. The paper argues that industrial policy has played an important role in the speed and nature of diffusion of paper making machinery. Author Affiliation: Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Article History: Accepted 13 March 2006

SAKARI HEIKKINEN, Paper for the World: The Finnish Paper Mills' Association: Finnpap, 1918-1996 (Helsinki: Otava Publishing Company, 2000. Pp.523; illus. H/back ISBN 951 1 16330 2, no price given). The [...]

New data collected on passport costs in 127 countries reveal enormous variation. One in every 10 countries have passport costs exceeding 10% of annual per capita income. High passport costs are found to be associated with poor governance, especially in terms of the quality of the bureaucracy, and with lower levels of migration. Countries which place legal restrictions on the rights of women to emigrate are also found to have lower migration rates. This suggests scope for developing countries to receive greater migration benefits by tearing down the paper walls they place around their own citizens. JEL classification--O15, F22 Key words migration, passport costs, barriers to exit, world

Poverty reduction strategy papers represent both a primary policy device of international development institutions, and an instance of a wider international convergence of public policy around global integration and social inclusion. Charting the emergence of these approaches, this paper argues that this convergence has a number of structural predilections which favor the technical and juridical over the political economic, and a disciplinary framework over a practical contest. Drawing extensively on decentralized governance and poverty reduction programs in Uganda, this paper shows how these predilections obscure power relations and restrict practical and political options, while exacting heavy establishment and compliance costs. Key words--poverty reduction, PRSP, governance, Africa, Uganda

J. Meijaard, M.J. Brand and M. Mosselman (2001), `Organisational Structures in SMEs: Occurrence and Clusters', paper presented to the 15th RENT Conference, Turku, November. J. Maes, L. Sels and F. [...]

Reduction in teenage pregnancy was one of the Health of the Nation (Department of Health (DH) 1992) targets and, although there has been a slight drop in the national pregnancy [...]

In 1948 the National Health Service (NHS) was founded by Nye Bevan. Note the word 'health'. It was intended that this new organisation would not just provide treatment for the [...]

A summary of research working papers that are relevant especially to managers and policy-makers.

Issues are presented concerning the primitive concepts and oversights in the 'jump search' heuristic presented by S. Tsubakitani and J.R. Evans in their research paper entitled 'An empirical study of a new metaheuristic for the traveling salesman problem'.

CHASTON'S PAPER CONSIDERS THE application of the Danish Technology Institute's networking project (DTINP) in a UK context. The paper starts by suggesting that the DTINP is premised on the notion [...]

Usage of pairwise comparison method in sense of analytic hierarchy process to rank factors affecting industrial decision making process is discussed.

The current, and justified, fascination with the tacit component of knowledge ... must not cloud the fact that organisations to a large extent are 'articulation machines,' built around codified practices [...]

Scandinavian companies have tended to be predominant in the European paper and pulp industry, but this is changing as waste paper is increasingly used as a raw material. The business system framework is a useful tool for analysing the paper and pulp industry. In some ways an integrated European business system is developing with convergence between systems in Scandinavia and elsewhere in Europe. However, core competencies such as conservation of forests still divide the Scandinavian system from those elsewhere in Europe.

ROBERT BENNETT HAS CONTRIBUTED significantly to academic and policy debates on the role of the UK's Training and Enterprise Councils in promoting smal-scale enterprise and in this paper focuses on [...]

PAUL B. ISRAEL, KEITH A. NIER and LOUIS CARLAT (eds.), The Papers of Thomas A. Edison. The Wizard of Menlo Park. 1878. Vol. 4. (Baltimore, MD and London: Johns Hopkins [...]

MINNA-MAARI H. KARVONEN [*] Traditional neoclassical production theory analyzes the relationship in a production process between inputs and outputs which have a positive market value for the producer. The externalities [...]

The world is losing its forests, and fast. Three quarters of the earth's land mass were once covered with forests. Half of those forests have already been destroyed or converted [...]

The establishment of the Committees on Inquiry in the European Parliament is aimed at setting up temporary committees which will investigate alleged maladministration in the implementation of the European Union's laws. The committees are also entrusted to examine the community's transit systems and other related considerations. Thus, the Committees on Inquiry have the power to scrutinize inappropriate and inadequate EU policies which may adversely affect the regional economic relations of the member countries of the EU.

THE NEED FOR TRAINING AND ITS advantages to firms, individuals and the economy are now widely accepted in Britain. Over the past decade and a half, training has become an [...]

INTEREST IN THE CONCEPT OF THE 'industrial district' is now well established in several academic disciplines and especially in the area of small business studies. There are, however, more and [...]

Over the past fifteen years, A substantial body of research findings has been steadily published in almost all of the developed countries, which in general has supported the view that [...]

A revision was made of the Christofides, Alvarez-Valdez and Tamarit (CAT) procedure for solving the single project scheduling problem. A 9-activity counterexample problem was used to prove that the branching strategy that was originally implemented can generate nonoptimal solutions. The construction of additional precedence relations or delay arcs used in the original CAT procedure for delaying activities was proven to be highly restrictive.

Abstract In reference [2], we used the elementary method to study the mean value properties of a new arithmetical function, and obtained two mean value formulae for it, but there [...]