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Throughout the 19th century, in the context of setting up the new republican order, the humanization of physical punishments was promoted. As part of a cultural climate affected by the individualization of the body, modern educational trends questioned the excessive punishment of children. This paper discusses the reviews of such disciplinary practices in Buenos Aires elementary schools and its countryside, with the aim of reflecting on how this "civilized awareness" process struggled for a punishment economy to design--at the end of the century--a new ethical code of honor and virtue based on self-discipline as the kind of behavior that should be adopted by future citizens of the republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones - Dr. Jose M. Luis Mora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we present a scarcely explored documental type, the filiations made on soldiers, corporals and police guards by the urban and rural commissioners in Buenos Aires during the 1820s. We pursue a double objective: firstly, to give account of the existence, conservation and the main characteristics of this type of written sources; secondly, to analyze the reasons why Police Department agents, installed since 1821 in Buenos Aires, used this written record. In order to do so, and after an introduction, we dedicate an article´s section to describe a series of filiations contained in the Police collection of Sala X of the Nation’s General Archive (Argentina). In the next section, we address its production context, marked by the organization of Buenos Aires as an autonomous entity, and we trace, based on three affiliations and a note presenting them (made by commissioner Juan Bautista Perichon and sent to the Police Department) which we transcribe as an annex, the recruitment problems that police experienced towards the middle of the 1820s. The final reflections serve as a bridge to open possibilities and future exploration paths.

This article explores how young Paraguayan migrants, returnees, and not-yet migrants negotiate contradicting aspirations and desperations that they attach to urban and rural spaces in the present and future. While a protracted crisis of small-scale agriculture in Paraguay increases pressure to migrate, the economic crisis in Argentina challenges the established migration trajectories between rural Paraguay and Buenos Aires. The article shows how young adults continuously weigh up current living conditions and future prospects both "here" and "there" and are torn between leaving, staying, or returning. Based on multi-sited ethnographic field research, it reconstructs the ways in which they navigate between four ambiguous aspirations: security, advancement, belonging, and attachment. Whereas rural out-migration of young people is often interpreted as a yearning for modern city life, the analysis reveals that both rural and urban areas are linked with aspirations as well as desperations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to explain why some popular neighbourhoods in Buenos Aires have responded more effectively than others to COVID-19. It compares actions that took place between March and October 2020 in the neighbourhoods of Villa 20, Villa 15 and Villa 1-11-14. We analyse public policies carried out by government agencies, especially the Instituto de Vivienda de la Ciudad (IVC) and the Ministerio de Desarrollo Humano y Hábitat (MDHyH), and the active collaboration of local organisations. While significant scholarship has focused on COVID-19 effects and coping strategies in Latin American neighbourhoods, there is limited analysis of how pre-existing relationships between local actors and government agencies have shaped neighbourhood responses. This comparative analysis shows that in fact the consolidation and depth of historical working relations between local government and local organisations determined the response capacity of each informal neighbourhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to analyze, through the newspapers of Buenos Aires, the role played by European news agencies and submarine cable companies during the first months of the Great War. British control over submarine cables and the use by local newspapers from news agencies allies as Havas and Reuters were crucial to determine and disseminate a particular view on the war and in particular on the German offensive of the summer of 1914. Before any further explanation, this allows understanding the sympathetic majority of the Buenos Aires public opinion by the forces of the Triple Entente, revealing and the tendentiousness of the information published the locals daily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The opposition between the categories of shantytown and neighborhood has been crucial in the disciplinary analyses of popular habitat in Argentina. The urbanization of a shantytown in Great Buenos Aires enables us to refresh this discussion, setting the categories into motion. The ethnographic analysis of the category of neighborhood in the urbanization of Villa Torres (La Matanza) will help to explore how this shantytown is constructed as “emblem" for public policies, receiving various resources. In fact, this paper will analyze how the urbanization is legitimized through an image of the neighborhood, of the urbanization and of the people in charge of it as “gente del barrio" [people from the neighborhood] in order to show how local knowledge is implied in this public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the disputes that took place in rural towns during the Buenos Aires Campaign for the control of military commands. We seek to identify the opportunities that arose during the revolutionary process to transform the local government in a context of deep contradictions between the will of the upper government to control the campaign, and the aspirations of self-government of the towns. Through this, we identify some of the components of the political cultures that were a product of a singular combination and selective appropriation of colonial traditions and revolutionary discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economía, Sociedad y Territorio is the property of El Colegio Mexiquense and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: This paper introduces the Semi-Empirical Urban Street (SEUS) model. SEUS is a simple mathematical model based on the scaling of air pollution concentration inside street canyons employing the emission rate, the width of the canyon, the dispersive velocity scale and the background concentration. Dispersive velocity scale depends on turbulent motions related to wind and traffic. The parameterisations of these turbulent motions include two dimensionless empirical parameters. Functional forms of these parameters have been obtained from full scale data measured in street canyons at four European cities. The sensitivity of SEUS model is studied analytically. Results show that relative errors in the evaluation of the two dimensionless empirical parameters have less influence on model uncertainties than uncertainties in other input variables. The model estimates NO2 concentrations using a simple photochemistry scheme. SEUS is applied to estimate NO x and NO2 hourly concentrations in an irregular and busy street canyon in the city of Buenos Aires. The statistical evaluation of results shows that there is a good agreement between estimated and observed hourly concentrations (e.g. fractional bias are −10.3% for NO x and +7.8% for NO2). The agreement between the estimated and observed values has also been analysed in terms of its dependence on wind speed and direction. The model shows a better performance for wind speeds >2 m s−1 than for lower wind speeds and for leeward situations than for others. No significant discrepancies have been found between the results of the proposed model and that of a widely used operational dispersion model (OSPM), both using the same input information. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Economic History Research / Investigaciones de Historia Económica is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Historia Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals about the quick changes in the constitution of a familiar pattem and other topics of female sexual moral, between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It attempts to identify the mechanisms that led women to adopt a more rigid sexual moral, with stereotyped forms of generic relations and a passíve, subordinated role of women. Through a "great man" of Pampas, as a "guardian" of the local young women -as showed in the thirty-four letters written between August 1903 and september 1904- we analyzed the relationships among· the "honourable residents" of the community,' and the moral principIes exalted in the speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fronteras de la Historia is the property of Instituto Colombiano de Antropologia e Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Patrimônio e Memória is the property of Centro de Documentacao e Apoio a Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article focuses on the declining process of Yiddish theatrical representations in Argentina throughout the 1960s. The paper will first address the heyday of the Yiddish theatre scene in Buenos Aires, between the 1930s and the 1950s, to then explore the main factors that provoked the crisis that finally led to its decline during the 1960s.

This article uses several epidemics that beset Buenos Aires between 1867 and 1871 as a lens through which to investigate a period in which urban elites registered with both anxiety and exhilaration the changes that their city was undergoing. In an effort to limit the spread of disease, elites noticed that the growing number of inhabitants and the connected anonymity had rendered their traditional system of social control obsolete. One of the main features of this traditional system consisted of a usage of space that relied on the city's grid plan. During the epidemics, some among the elites protested against the ineffectiveness of this system, which in their eyes pertained to the older ancien régime tradition. Notwithstanding their efforts, they failed to implement concrete alternatives. They were nonetheless able to express a new urban imaginary, which they viewed as more apt to respond to the new challenges engendered by the new big-city dimension. Connecting these findings with the wider debate on the history of grid plans, the article argues that this imaginary was related to a new conception of the grid that did not replace previous conceptions and practices of urban control, but rather overlapped and intertwined with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we will explore around the debates raised between the Cabildo of Buenos Aires and Governor Bucareli in relation to the proposed construction of the Alameda, in order to call into question what were the urban proposals relevant to the time and what the specific needs of the city in their daily functioning according to each of the actors involved. This dispute took on features that went beyond the game of economic influences raising questions concerning the forms in which an urban and political project was conceptualized in the mid-eighteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fronteras de la Historia is the property of Instituto Colombiano de Antropologia e Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Clientelism is a problem-solving network where brokers solve voter problems by providing material and non-material resources in exchange of political support. The literature emphasis on political networks ignores the existence of non-political networks, such as money lending, childcare, and counseling, that also contribute to solve voter problems. This paper uses original data collected by the author in Villa Angel, a densely populated working-class neighborhood located on the outskirts of Buenos Aires City, to show that a broker''s central position in non-political networks explains his or her ability to influence vote choice. Consequently, to understand the effects that problem-solving networks have on political behavior, researchers and policy makers have to pay attention to the overlap and relationships between political and non-political networks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tabula Rasa is the property of Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link has been collected in the northeast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, in urban areas, confirming its existence in the country as was predicted by Pedersen's contribution to the Flora Ilustrada de Entre Rios. This is a rare species in the United Kingdom, but classified as harmful plant in Spain and as a weed in several states of the United States of America. In our country, is regarded as an introduced naturalized plant, which may behave like invasive (plant strategist R) because, among other features, it is a therophyte producing abundant viable seeds. The present paper describes and illustrates this species, including the pollen grains which were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a study of the current situation of sixteen periurban homegardens at the coasts of Ensenada-Berisso and Martín García Island (Buenos Aires, Argentina) in relation to its historical context of ecological, cultural and economic transformations. In this approach, it becomes evident the adaptive character of the local horticultural practices, as well as its supporting traditional knowledge and its contribution to local agrobiodiversity. The homegardens floristic composition was studied, and ethnobotanical qualitative methods were carried out. Eighty cultivated taxa were recorded, as well as diverse products obtained from them. They are used for family consumption and small-scale marketing, as a supplement to the domestic economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Signos Universitarios is the property of Revista Signos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of História Unisinos is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are metaphors that are reflected in our everyday language through a group of expressions that refers, in one way or another, to that metaphor. The aim of this paper is to analyze the representations that the inhabitants from two villas miseria located in José Hernández, Argentina, have of their neighborhood and of the city. Considering not the physical but the social distance implied in their everyday journey to the city center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In February and March 2000, several uncontrolled forest and grassland fires occurred in the municipalities of Campana and Zarate (100 km north of Buenos Aires, Argentina). The biomass burning emitted a large amount of smoke particulates, which caused dense fog and visibility impairment in the nearby area. From 18 to 19 March, the smoke was transported towards the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (BAMA), resulting in a prolonged reduction of visibility. This feature was supported by a build-up of the Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) and deposited particulate matter mass observed in BAMA. This paper examines the prevailing meteorological situation that produced the smoke transport towards BAMA. An anticyclone, displaced easterly over the interest area by a frontal low-pressure system, produced low-level ventilation conditions that favoured the transport and the smoke persistence in BAMA. The transport of particles and the behaviour of their normalised concentrations were simulated adequately by a regional dispersion model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with some beliefs and attitudes produced by the victorious groups of the coup d'état that took place in October 1820. We attempt to show that after these violent political episodes, centralist sectors displayed a conciliatory rhetoric that can be traced in periodicals and in the messages announced by men with political and military power in the province. Such a rhetoric was accompanied by measures taken by the provincial executive power and they were intended to integrate some federal sectors recently defeated. This statement allows to question the idea that October winners started an intense revenge over defeated groups, which could be noticed in the new military reforms where no former revolutionary would be included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper discusses the user side of harm reduction, focusing to some extent on the early responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in each of four sets of localities—New York City, Rotterdam, Buenos Aires, and sites in Central Asia. Using available qualitative and quantitative information, we present a series of vignettes about user activities in four different localities in behalf of reducing drug-related harm. Some of these activities have been micro-social (small group) activities; others have been conducted by formal organizations of users that the users organized at their own initiative. In spite of the limitations of the methodology, the data suggest that users’ activities have helped limit HIV spread. These activities are shaped by broader social contexts, such as the extent to which drug scenes are integrated with broader social networks and the way the political and economic systems impinge on drug users’ lives. Drug users are active agents in their own individual and collective behalf, and in helping to protect wider communities. Harm reduction activities and research should take note of and draw upon both the micro-social and formal organizations of users. Finally, both researchers and policy makers should help develop ways to enable and support both micro-social and formally organized action by users. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper focuses on the kinesiology users' perceptions among middle class individuals of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires city, linking these perceptions with the view of the alternative medicines offer, especially the options that include corporal-work techniques. The article mainly explores the individuals' ways of healing of whom have selected the option of alternative therapies, which are the most of the cases recorded during the field-work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship between Reiki Usui's ethiological myth and the action guide that it provides to the Reiki Masters. The material was gathered during a fieldwork, carried out in some Reiki Centers in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. The narratives of Dr. Usui's initiation in the sacred manipulation of Universal Energy, and the way he receives therapeutic power from "Light Beings", gives to the initiated a definition of their roles and the prescriptions about his/her behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents three aspects of air pollution in the city of Buenos Aires (Argentina). First, we describe the main features of air pollution climatology in the city: the characteristics of wind flow, atmospheric stability and mixing heights. Then, we present the results of the application of DAUMOD and ISCST3 atmospheric dispersion models to calculate spatial and temporal distributions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides background concentrations. Finally, we present the main features of carbon monoxide concentrations observed in a narrow street canyon located downtown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using height data for recruits of a principal regiment at Buenos Aires, the paper revises the question of welfare in Argentina during the period 1900–1934. The period of rapid export-led growth (1900–1913) showed an absolute deterioration of “net nutrition.” On the other hand, the inter-war period (1918–1939), generally characterized as a period of economic “delay” or “retardation,” presented a steady improvement in nutrition and health conditions. Two powerful external shocks, World War I and the Great Depression, had a minimal impact on the biological welfare of Argentine recruits. Economic growth generated important regional and social inequalities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]