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Objective/context: This paper inquires about the process of emergence of a working-class community in the port of Buenos Aires, resulting from actions by workers and inhabitants of the workingclass neighborhood at the beginning of the 20th century. Originality: At the crossroads of diverse historiographies (social, cultural and political history), this paper proposes a joint regard at the labor dimension, worker disputes, carnival celebrations and electoral participation, and to use this multiplicity of events and experiences to think about the emergence of a radicalized worker community, with a particular identity gestated in the mobilization during a specific time at the beginning of the 20th century. Methodology: The months from late 1903 to early 1904 were an important juncture in the port district, and based on a diverse set of documents (commercial, neighborhood, trade and left-wing newspapers, news magazines, police reports, photographs, among others), this paper reconstructs the worker experience in three settings converging in the summer months: protest, carnival and legislative polls. At the same time, it ponders the territorial dimension of community configuration and the key places that formed the backdrop to a story of protest, celebration, and elections. Conclusions: This analysis shows us that worker sociabilities around the port consolidated a community based on family, corporate, partisan, neighborhood and worker solidarities, in times of labor, political and festive mobilization, and of radicalized confrontation with the State and with corporations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Accessibility, as a requisite to guarantee the individual ability to participate in valued activities, has been receiving increasing yet scattered attention from diverse theoretical and operational approaches. These approaches focus on how individuals are able to engage in out-of-home activities, participate in social life as well as on their involvement in other activities that contribute to their overall well-being. The paper aims at further investigating such approaches, analysing forms of inequality in job-related mobilities while assuming that a person's accessibility depends on both contextual and individual factors. Taking the Buenos Aires metropolitan area as a suitable testbed, the paper offers an approach to identify the inequalities in job-related accessibility at the neighbourhood scale. The approach considers the relationship between the quality and supply of public transport, level of social exclusion and reachable employment opportunities. The research proposes a synthetic index of inequalities in access to job opportunities (IAO) to identify disadvantaged urban areas characterized by a confluence of problems related to socio-economic deprivations, low accessibility to employment as well as a low mobility and poor quality of transport supply. The approach has an explicit operational dimension and intends to contribute to outlining tailored measures to guarantee better job opportunities, as in the case of people living in areas experiencing sub-standard levels of accessibility to workplaces. • An approach to assess areas with sub-standard accessibility to job opportunities is proposed. • Accessibility provided by transport systems is studied in the light of activity participation. • Emerging forms of inequality in job-related mobilities in Buenos Aires are highlighted. • The equity effects of current trends transport supply and urban policies are assessed. • Policy orientations for disadvantaged areas with emerging mobility needs are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Question (1669-6581) is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva is the property of CEPESC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a cultural geographic approach for understanding local social processes of territorial re-appropriation taking place in response to non-local forces and interests. This approach is applied to the small rural locality of La Niña, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The small village of La Niña is currently in a locally-led process of recovering from a recent depopulation trend caused mainly by the irruption of transnational agribusiness. As economic opportunities have dwindled in the last decades, more recently local inhabitants and new settlers have set forth diverse strategies aimed at mitigating the effects of depopulation on the social structure. We focus our attention on the way the living experience of place is involved in all these strategies. We contend that despite economic and cultural homogenization caused by globalization, the experience of place is a permanent though ever-changing aspect of social life. Our research was based on archival and hemerographic surveys and ethnographic field techniques, encompassing participatory observation, semistructured and in-depth interviews with social and government leaders and local producers as well as field landscape appraisals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper interrogates the history of same-sex dancing among women in Buenos Aires' tango scene, focusing on its increasing visibility since 2005. Two overlapping communities of women are invoked. Queer tangueras are queer-identified female tango dancers and their allies who dance tango in a way that attempts to de-link tango's two roles from gender. Rebellious wallflowers are women who practice, teach, perform, and dance with other women in predominantly straight environments. It is argued that the growing acceptance of same-sex dancing in Argentina is due to the confluence of four developments: 1) the rise of tango commerce, 2) innovations of tango nuevo, 3) changing laws and social norms around lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights, and 4) synergy between queer tango dancers and heterosexual women who are frustrated by the limits of tango's gender matrix. The author advocates for increased alliances between rebellious wallflowers and queer tangueras, who are often segregated from each other in Buenos Aires' commercial tango industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the experience of travelling on Buenos Aires' Underground Railways (Subte) during the first decades of the twentieth-century. Reconstructing representations of passengers and their experiences through visual and textual sources, the paper shows how this underground mobility was a meaningful practice that expressed ambivalent sentiments towards progress and the rhythm of modern urban life. On the one hand, there was popular fascination with new technologies as well as a celebration and exaltation of this encapsulated mobility as a rational organisation of space in relation to time. On the other hand, the Subte was criticised as a form of regimentation and dehumanisation which turned passengers into automatons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The various progressive and conservative governments that administered Buenos Aires from the 1990s onward implemented strikingly similar policies that were aimed at transforming the city and metropolitan region into a market-centered society. Their policies caused a record number of citizens to lose their jobs in the formal sector and to become scavengers almost overnight. As they crisscrossed daily the city’s neighborhoods gathering paper, plastic and other recyclable materials, these socially stigmatized, politically disenfranchised and economically pauperized scavengers practiced civility from below with many neighborhood residents from all walks of life in civil society and, occasionally, with municipal officials and members of one or another environmental NGO and waste disposal company in political society. In dialogue with Norbert Elias’s and Cheshire Calhoun’s accounts of liberal civility, and Etienne Balibar’s revisionist conception of radical civility, my study discusses them from the perspective of Buenos Aires’ waste pickers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The city of Buenos Aires in the 1890s is an extreme case in immigration history since the native workers accounted for less than one-third of the labour force. In this paper, we look at the labour market performance of Argentineans vis-à-vis the largest two immigrant groups, Italians and the Spaniards. We find that, on average, Argentineans enjoyed higher wages, but workers specialised in particular occupations by nationality. Immigrants clustered in occupations with lower salaries. Despite higher literacy levels and the language advantage, Spaniards did not outperform Italians in earnings. Ethnic networks facilitated the integration of immigrants into the host society and played a role in the occupation selection of immigrants. Our results suggest that Italian prosperity in Buenos Aires was not based on superior earnings or skills but on older and powerful networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper, we explore initiatives for the construction of substantive citizenship by transnational migrants in Buenos Aires. In looking at migrants’ political participation across the city, we found that the spatiality of citizenship practices is important. At the city level, there are migrant organisations representing specific nationalities. However, in informal settlements, where many migrants reside, we found that migrants engage in political practices across nationality and ethnic lines by coming together with their neighbours in grassroots organisations. These different forms of organising embody critically different views of migrants in their relationship with rights. While the former promote practices linked to ethnic belonging and see migrants as ‘guests’ in a foreign country, unable to make claims to the local or national governments, the latter see them as rights-bearing individuals with power to claim their right to the city. We argue that activism at the scale of the neighbourhood proves to hold more potential for the building of substantive citizenship than actions by organisations active at the city level. This is because migrant organisations active at the city level organise on the basis of nationality, while those at the neighbourhood level bring migrants and non-migrants together on the basis of their class-based interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The work of Buenos Aires’ cartoneros (informal recyclers) has important environmental and economic repercussions for the city. This paper investigates cartoneros’ working and living conditions, establishing a 2007 baseline for the logistics of informal recycling practice in Buenos Aires and providing a description of the socioeconomic characteristics of these workers at a key moment in time. Under the purview of a new chief of government elected in 2007, a formalization plan for cartoneros was initiated in 2011. This paper assesses some of the potential impacts of this plan on cartoneros and their work, and suggests that while such a system may benefit some workers (providing them with increased income, social acceptability and improved relationships with the municipality), there are also potential drawbacks to the formalization plan (including possible difficulties instituting a cooperative system with previously unorganized workers and the labour exclusion of more socially marginalized cartoneros). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper focuses on two Buenos Aires neighborhoods that face displacement pressures. Building on research about urban mobilization in a range of cities, this paper highlights how collaboration can vary in its configuration and orientation at the neighborhood level, despite similar circumstances. Data include ethnographic excerpts from the experiences of residents who fight to remain in their homes but ultimately leave, which trace out distinct neighborhood trajectories--moving onward and moving away. These accounts indicate divergence in how residents respond to displacement threats due to the differently situated, networked nature of the two sites as political spaces. Moreover, distinct logics of collaboration infl ect ongoing displacement politics in the threatened neighborhoods as well as in the destinations of displaced residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The literature on solidarity economies deconstructs totalizing accounts of global capitalism, opening space for a politics of economic possibility beyond, outside, but also within the capitalist norm. Solidarity economies are spaces of "becoming," where subjectivities can be reworked in ways that challenge dominant discourses and governmental practices. In this paper, I draw on fieldwork conducted in an asamblea popular and its soup kitchen in Buenos Aires that works for and with homeless people in the local community to call attention to the interrelation between space and subjectivity. Asambleas populares/barriales are neighborhood-based political organizations that emerged during the socioeconomic and political crisis of 2001–2002 in Argentina, and they have the potential to disrupt normative views about social problems in ways that resubjectify people. I draw on relational poverty theory to show how the subject-making power of solidarity spaces articulate with, and at the same time challenges, hegemonic economic imaginaries that exclude and de-value certain subjects. Through this case, I argue that there is a close and necessary relationship between imagining and enacting solidarity and reconceptualizing those who are devalued and deemed "excess" to the capitalist economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at the genesis of a discourse on urbanismo (city planning) in Brazil and Argentina between 1894 and 1945 using the ideas of Michel Foucault on discipline and his concept of bio–power. The demographic pattern of the major cities in both countries from 1890 onwards and the renewals of the centres of these cities are also discussed. Other sections are dedicated to the plans proposed for the same cities in the 1920s and to urban representations, such as ideas about social reform, the role of hygiene as a point of departure for planning, and the relationship of ideas on Taylorism (scientific management) and the city. The paper also discusses the planners opposition to elections, when they claimed that they were the only ones qualified to deal with urban problems and therefore they should be employed in the state apparatus. Other concerns of the paper are the use of planning as an element of nation building and ideas defining eugenics (race ‘betterment’) as an important aspect of city planning. I conclude by arguing that, if implemented, city planning was a way of creating an industrial culture, disciplining society through the city, although the industrial proletariat has never made up the majority of the population in Brazil or Argentina. Even if many aspects of the plans proposed for both countries were not implemented, the discourse of planners can be seen as a will to discipline society through the city. This discipline would affect the freedom of movement of human bodies, and is therefore approached through Foucault's concepts of bio–power and discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on an ethnographic research to critically analyze the process of formalization of the so-called “informal” recyclers within the Buenos Aires metropolitan area. It claims that their recognition by governmental and nongovernmental agencies has been mostly oriented to crystallize their role as a workforce in the lower shackles of the recycling value chain. In contrast, other valuable contributions of waste pickers, such as the development of a practical pedagogy towards the segregation and recycling of materials, or the design and manufacturing of their own technological devices, have not been yet properly recognized or strengthened in the same way. Therefore, to approach the waste management field by focusing on the innovations dynamic is revealing of to what extent it is shaped by asymmetric power relations, which include epistemic and techno-cognitive dimensions. Drawing on the notion of epistemic (in)justice, this paper provides a critical reflection on the drivers and obstacles that shape innovation skills aimed at waste management, and thus, define which actors are to be legitimated as “innovators” within this field and which are not. Finally, I share some open reflections about some policy guidelines that could help to profit from the rich body of technological experience and knowledge elaborated within waste picker’s grassroots organizations. At the same time, I will highlight the specific contribution of an ethnographic perspective to the study of grassroot innovations.

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On the basis of a research study on cognitive behavioral psychotherapies conducted between 2016 and 2020, this article analyzes exposure as a psychological technique focused on facing and overcoming distressing situations that interfere with everyday life and cause pain. Said psychotherapies have gained more relevance in Argentina in recent years. Their development and institutionalization continued during the first decades of the new millennium. By the late 1990s, there were social and economic transformations that modified people's lives and produced different types of suffering. In addition, that scenario was set with subjectivity models based on the importance of being autonomous and responsible in different spheres of daily life (including healthcare). Accordingly, current social imperatives such as "you can do it" or "give it another try" become values linked to personal realization that are assimilated by these psychotherapies through techniques such as exposure. In that respect, this article aims at analyzing exposure as a psychological technology with evidence-based epistemological presuppositions and problem-solving models based on the subjects' individual commitment. Unlike most social–anthropological studies that connect the notion of exposure to that of risk, from a cognitive behavioral standpoint, self-exposing and overcoming the cause of distress is associated with a successful therapeutic process. This study used a qualitative methodology, and the technique was the analysis drawn from 30 semi-structured interviews with cognitive behavioral psychologists from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysing municipal solid waste (MSW) management scenarios is relevant for planning future policies and actions toward a circular economy. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is appropriate for evaluating technologies of MSW treatment and their environmental impacts. However, in developing countries, advanced assessments are difficult to introduce due to the lack of technical knowledge, data and financial support. This research aims to assess the main potentialities of the introduction of waste-to-energy (WtE) systems in a developing Argentinean urban area considering the existing regulations about MSW recycling goals. The study was conducted with WRATE software and the proposed scenarios were current management, grate incineration of raw MSW and incineration of solid recovered fuel (SRF). In addition, a sensitivity analysis on the energy matrix was included. It was found that the production of SRF allows increasing the energy generation from waste by 200% and reducing the environmental impact of about 10% regarding the current MSW management system. Acidification Potential and Abiotic Depletion Potential were sensitive to changes in electricity mix. Results showed that if MSW reduction goals are achieved, changes in MSW composition will affect the performance of WtE plants and, in some cases, they will be not technically feasible. The outcomes of this study can be of interest for developing countries stakeholders and practitioners interested in LCA and sustainable MSW management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuestiones de Sociologia: Revista de Estudios Sociales is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper inquires about the process of emergence of a working-class community in the port of Buenos Aires, resulting from actions by workers and inhabitants of the working-class neighborhood at the beginning of the 20th century. Originality: At the crossroads of diverse historiographies (social, cultural and political history), this paper proposes a joint regard at the labor dimension, worker disputes, carnival celebrations and electoral participation, and to use this multiplicity of events and experiences to think about the emergence of a radicalized worker community, with a particular identity gestated in the mobilization during a specific time at the beginning of the 20th century. Methodology: The months from late 1903 to early 1904 were an important juncture in the port district, and based on a diverse set of documents (commercial, neighborhood, trade and left-wing newspapers, news magazines, police reports, photographs, among others), this paper reconstructs the worker experience in three settings converging in the summer months: protest, carnival and legislative polls. At the same time, it ponders the territorial dimension of community configuration and the key places that formed the backdrop to a story of protest, celebration, and elections. Conclusions: This analysis shows us that worker sociabilities around the port consolidated a community based on family, corporate, partisan, neighborhood and worker solidarities, in times of labor, political and festive mobilization, and of radicalized confrontation with the State and with corporations.

Este trabajo parte de la hipótesis de que las escuelas primarias y los colegios secundarios despliegan diferentes estrategias para determinar su perfil y proyecto institucional para definir los públicos que desean albergar. A partir del marco conceptual de las lógicas de acción propuesto por Ball y Maroy (2009) y Zanten (2009), realizamos un análisis de las lógicas de acción que implementan las 14 escuelas no subvencionadas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires ubicadas en la Comuna 13 para determinar su posicionamiento dentro del espectro educativo. Entre los principales resultados, destacamos cuatro tipos de lógicas de acción predominantes, aunque no excluyentes, que tienden a determinar el perfil de los alumnos de la escuela y su posicionamiento social: a) lógicas customizadas —escuelas a la carta—; b) lógicas de ensamblaje —escuelas de largo plazo—; c) lógicas vanguardistas —escuelas punta— y d) lógicas globales —escuelas que se internacionalizan. Concluimos que las escuelas no son actores pasivos o meros receptores de las elecciones de los padres. A través de sus lógicas de acción y estrategias de posicionamiento, intentan proyectar una imagen en línea con el proyecto institucional y el perfil de los alumnos o, más precisamente, el perfil de los padres que desean capturar. El análisis hasta aquí expuesto permite comprender los procesos de diversificación de instituciones dentro de circuitos homologables entre sí.

In the first half of the 20th century the printing industry in Buenos Aires experienced a quickly process of mechanization. This phenomenon hastened during the decade of 1930, with the incorporation of machinery and technologies developed in this period. In this paper we analyze the relation between the transformations and the working struggles, from the analysis of the conflicts that marked the history of the graphs in the period. Our objective is analyze the effects on graphs workers in this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the last decades of the nineteenth century, several companies established themselves in Buenos Aires to sell furniture and decorative objects coming from the United Kingdom. This paper offers a brief history of the two most representative importing companies: the Thompson Company, and the branch of the Maple Furniture Company in the capital of Argentina. These two companies, which were closely related and had developed a tense commercial relationship, were the main reason for the consolidation of English taste in Buenos Aires. Combining direct imports from the UK with their own production, they both developed a very active decorating business for private homes, public places and official institutions. Although closely involved with the British population in the country, they also worked for a wide range of clients of the 'criollo' or creole and immigrant sector. They became so prestigious, and enjoyed such a high profile, that even today the lyrics of the famous tango 'Y todo a media luz' can still remind us of their importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper presents an analysis of those factors that have determined the migration of families proceeding from different locations in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, migrating to Galicia’s region, in Spain, in the first years of 21st century. The historical moment where these migrations took place described a socio-political scenario of extreme convulsion in this austral country. After trying to understand the historical elements that explain migrations between both social spaces, this paper presents the results of a research work that searched for understanding the migration projects of sixteen family’ groups, paying special attention to their intergenerational social mobility strategies by migration. To do so, a tridimensional analysis of macro, meso and micro sociological determinants has been developed, taking into account the fundamental influence of the social contex variable on migrants’ social integration pathways.

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