63 results
Search Results
2. Pipersarmenoids, new amide alkaloids from Piper sarmentosum.
- Author
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Zhou K, Han L, Li W, Liu S, Chen T, Chen J, Lv J, Zhou X, Li Q, Meng X, Li H, and Qin L
- Subjects
- Molecular Structure, Animals, Mice, Cell Line, Amides pharmacology, Amides isolation & purification, Amides chemistry, Nitric Oxide metabolism, China, Microglia drug effects, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Polyunsaturated Alkamides, Alkaloids pharmacology, Alkaloids isolation & purification, Alkaloids chemistry, Piper chemistry, Cholinesterase Inhibitors pharmacology, Cholinesterase Inhibitors isolation & purification, Plant Components, Aerial chemistry, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Phytochemicals isolation & purification
- Abstract
A chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Piper sarmentosum resulted in the isolation and identification of 14 amide alkaloids, including three new amide alkaloids, pipersarmenoids A - C (1-3), three new natural amide alkaloids, pipersarmenoids D - F (4-6), and 8 known analogues, N-p-coumaroyltyramine (7), piperlotine C (8), piperlotine D (9), pellitorine (10), sarmentine (11), aurantiamide acetate (12), 1-cinnamoyl pyrrolidine (13) and sarmentamide B (14). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including HRESIMS and 1D and 2D NMR. The cytotoxicity, neuroinflammation-inhibiting and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of those compounds were tested. Compounds 1, 2 and 12 inhibited NO production induced by LPS in BV2 cells with IC
50 values of 9.36, 12.53 and 10.77 μM, respectively. Moreover, 1, 2, 7 and 11 showed moderate inhibitory activity on AChE with IC50 values ranging from 37.56 to 48.84 μM., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2024
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3. Amide alkaloids and neolignans from Piper hongkongense and their inhibitory activities of PCSK9 expression.
- Author
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Hu X, Chen T, Guo P, Wang Q, Ding A, Qin G, Wang W, and Xuan L
- Subjects
- Molecular Structure, Humans, Amides pharmacology, Amides isolation & purification, Amides chemistry, Proprotein Convertase 9 metabolism, China, Piper chemistry, Alkaloids pharmacology, Alkaloids isolation & purification, Alkaloids chemistry, Lignans pharmacology, Lignans isolation & purification, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Phytochemicals isolation & purification, Plant Components, Aerial chemistry, PCSK9 Inhibitors
- Abstract
Four undescribed amide alkaloids hongkongensines A-C and 1-(1-oxo-6-hydroxy-2E,4E-dodecadienyl)-piperidine, five known amide alkaloids, and three known neolignans were isolated from the aerial part of Piper hongkongense. The planar structures of these compounds were determined by detailed analyses of HR-ESI-MS and NMR data. The absolute configurations of hongkongensines A-C were elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and ECD calculations. Moreover, the inhibitory activities of PCSK9 expression in vitro for all compounds were assessed by PCSK9 AlphaLISA screening. Kadsurenone (10) displayed a significant inhibitory activity at 5 μM with an inhibition rate of 51.98%, compared with 55.55% of berberine (BBR 5 μM)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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4. Alkaloid-metabolites from the mangrove-derived fungus Penicillium robsamsonii HNNU0006.
- Author
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Wang JW, Liu YY, Chen GY, Zheng CJ, and Nong XH
- Subjects
- Molecular Structure, Humans, A549 Cells, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, China, Rhizophoraceae microbiology, Penicillium chemistry, Alkaloids isolation & purification, Alkaloids pharmacology, Alkaloids chemistry
- Abstract
Nine metabolites, including three undescribed alkaloids pyripyropenes VW (1-2), penicioxa A (4), two previously reported pyripyropene A (3), oxaline (5), three grisephenone-type xanthone derivatives (6-8), and a diphenyl ether derivative 4-chloro-7,4'-dihydroxy-5,2'-dimethoxy-2-methylformate-6'-methybenzophone (9), were isolated from cultures of the mangrove-derived fungus Penicillium robsamsonii HNNU0006. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, ECD calculations, together with DP4+ probability analysis. Furthermore, all the isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxicity and anti-phytopathogenic fungal activities. Compounds 6-8 showed moderate cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines A549, with IC
50 values ranging from 5.68 ± 0.21 to 9.71 ± 0.34 μg/mL, respectively., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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5. Isolation and absolute configuration of alkylpyridine alkaloids from the marine sponge Hippospongia lachne.
- Author
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Fan DX, Luo XC, Ding YF, Liu LY, Wang X, Pan JY, Ji YY, Wang J, Li C, Hong LL, and Lin HW
- Subjects
- Animals, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, China, Molecular Structure, Porifera, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Alkaloids chemistry
- Abstract
Marine sponges are well known as prolific producers of structurally diverse molecules with valuable pharmacological potential. As part of our ongoing program to discover bioactive compounds from marine sponges collected from the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea, a chemical study on the specimens of Hippospongia lachne was conducted. As a result, eight undescribed compounds, including four zwitterionic alkylpyridinium salts, hippospondines A-D (1-4), and four 3-alkylpyridine alkaloids, hippospondines E (5), F (6), and (±)-hippospondine G (7), were isolated from the marine sponge H. lachne, together with one known 3-alkylpyridine alkaloid (8). The undescribed structures were elucidated by HRESIMS, NMR, DP4+ and CP3 probability analysis, and the Snatzke's method. Hippospondines A-D (1-4) represent the rare example of inner salt type alkylpyridinium alkaloid with a farnesyl moiety. Compounds 1-3 and 8 were subjected to cytotoxic and lymphocyte proliferation assays. Compound 3 exhibited a weak promotion effect on the ConA-induced T lymphocyte proliferation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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6. Recent Advances in the Nutritional Value, Chemical Compositions, Pharmacological Activity, and Application Value of Orychophragmus violaceus : A Comprehensive Review.
- Author
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Chen, Xiaolan, Zhang, Guangjie, Cui, Wenjin, Ge, Chunbo, Li, Bin, Li, Min, Liu, Shuchen, and Wang, Lin
- Subjects
NUTRITIONAL value ,PHENYLPROPANOIDS ,PHENOLIC acids ,TERPENES ,ISOQUINOLINE alkaloids ,BRASSICACEAE ,ALKALOIDS - Abstract
Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz (Brassicaceae) is widely distributed and plentiful in China and has been widely used for its application in ornamental, oil, ecology, foraging, and food. Recent studies have revealed that the main components of Orychophragmus violaceus include flavonoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, etc., which have pharmacological activities such as antioxidation, antiradiation, antitumor, hepatic protection, antiferroptosis, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial. In this paper, the nutritional value, chemical compositions, pharmacological activity, and application value of Orychophragmus violaceus are summarized by referring to the relevant domestic and international literature to provide a reference for further research, development, and utilization of Orychophragmus violaceus in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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7. Scientometric Analysis of Medicinal and Edible Plant Coptis.
- Author
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Huang, Zhibang, Hou, Zhengkun, Liu, Fengbin, Zhang, Mei, Hu, Wen, and Xu, Shaofen
- Subjects
EDIBLE plants ,BERBERINE ,MEDICINAL plants ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,ALKALOIDS ,KNOWLEDGE base - Abstract
Objective: A scientometric analysis to obtain knowledge mapping of Coptis revealed the current research situation, knowledge base and research hotspots in Coptis research. Methods: Coptis -related documents published from 1987 to 2020 were selected through the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel were used to construct knowledge maps of the Coptis research field. Results: A total of 367 documents and their references were analyzed. These papers were primarily published in mainland China (214), followed by Japan (57) and South Korea (52), and they each formed respective cooperation networks. The document co-citation analysis suggested that the identification of Coptis Salisb. species, the production of alkaloids, and the mechanisms of action of these alkaloids formed the knowledge bases in this field. A keyword analysis further revealed that the research hotspots were primarily concentrated in three fields of research involving berberine, Coptis chinensis Franch, and Coptis japonica (Thunb) Makino. Oxidative stress, rat plasma (for the determination of plasma alkaloid contents), and Alzheimer's disease are recent research hotspots associated with Coptis. Conclusion: Coptis research was mainly distributed in three countries: China, Japan, and South Korea. Researchers were concerned with the identification of Coptis species, the production of Coptis alkaloids, and the efficacy and pharmacological mechanism of the constituent alkaloids. In addition, the anti-oxidative stress, pharmacokinetics, and Alzheimer's disease treatment of Coptis are new hotspots in this field. This study provides a reference for Coptis researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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8. Comprehensive investigation of the content and the origin of matrine-type alkaloids in Chinese honeys.
- Author
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Wang Z, Zu T, Huang X, Jiang X, Jia G, Xu J, Cui Z, Zhu F, Zhang J, Li J, and Cao Y
- Subjects
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry, China, Matrines, Honey analysis, Alkaloids analysis
- Abstract
A HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of four matrine-type alkaloids (matrine, oxymatrine, sophocarpine and sophoridine) in honey was established and was applied to 567 Chinese honey samples. The overall detection rate was 61.0 % and all eight Sophora viciifolia Hance honey samples were detected with the average content of 1183.3 μg/kg. Among 383 Acacia honey samples, matrine-type alkaloids have the highest detection rates in Gansu (98.8 %) and Shaanxi (86.5 %) provinces, which were significantly correlated with the distribution of S. viciifolia Hance. Moreover, matrine-type alkaloids in fruits and flowers of S. viciifolia Hance were as high as 7.06 g/kg and 2.65 g/kg respectively. The melissopalynological analysis showed that the concentration of oxymatrine was positively correlated with the pollen frequency of S. viciifolia Hance (R
2 = 0.737) in representative Acacia honey samples. It can be concluded that the matrine-type alkaloids in Chinese honeys come from the nectariferous plants S. viciifolia Hance., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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9. Chemical diversity, biological activities and Traditional uses of and important Chinese herb Sophora.
- Author
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Sun P, Zhao W, Wang Q, Chen L, Sun K, Zhan Z, and Wang J
- Subjects
- Biodiversity, China, Ethnopharmacology, Medicine, Chinese Traditional, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Alkaloids pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents, Sophora chemistry
- Abstract
Background: Sophora flavescens Aiton (SF), also known as Kushen (Chinese:), has been an important species in Chinese medicine since the Qin and Han dynasties. It is also recognized as a plant resource suitable for the globalization of Chinese medicine. Traditionally, it has been used in various ethnic medical systems in East Asia, especially in China, to kill insects and dispel dampness. Sophora flavescens is commonly used for clearing heat-clearing, killing worms, and diuretic. Nowdays, accumulating studies demonstrated its anticancer and cardioprotection., Objective of the Review: This paper aims to systematically review information on the genus, pharmacological and toxicological significance, chemical composition and biological activity of Sophora flavescens. To promoting its development and application. To summarize recent findings regarding to the metabolism, pharmacological/toxicological effects of Sophora flavescens., Material and Methods: Online academic databases (including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and CNKI) were searched using search terms of "Sophora flavescens Aiton", "Ku shen", "Pharmacology", "Active ingredient", "Toxicology" and combinations to include published studies of Sophora flavescens Aiton primarily from 1970-2021. Several critical previous studies beyond this period were also included and other related terms., Conclusion: Sophora flavescens has a broad spectrum of biological activities associated with Sophora flavescens has been considered a valuable resource in both traditional and modern medicine. However, there is a lack of in-depth studies on the medicinal uses of Sophora flavescens. Moreover, further studies on single chemical components should be conducted based on the diversity of chemical structures, significant biological activities and clinical applications. The discovery of its bioactive molecules and multi-component interactions would be of great importance for the clinical application of Sophora flavescens spp. Detailed pharmacological and toxicological studies on the classic prescriptions of Sophora flavescens are also needed. It is more beneficial to the wide application of SF plant and facilitates the worldwide promotion of modern Chinese medicine. However, an increasing number of reports indicate that the administration of Sophora flavescens has serious adverse effects. Its main toxic effects are neurotoxicity and acute toxicity, which have caused widespread concern worldwide. In addition, the alkaloids of Sophora flavescens are distributed in the heart, liver, stomach and large intestine. They are excreted from the body through gluconeogenesis, which is the mode of action of certain therapeutic mechanisms of action such as anticancer. The detailed metabolic study of alkaloids and other components of Sophora flavescens in vivo needs to be further investigated. It is important to improve the pharmacological effects and reduce the toxicity of Sophora flavescens. For this purpose, structural modification of active components of Sophora flavescens or combination with other drugs is very essential., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)
- Published
- 2022
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10. Nitidine chloride, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid from Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC., exerts multiple beneficial properties, especially in tumors and inflammation-related diseases.
- Author
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Qiang Lu, Shuang Luo, Zhongfeng Shi, Mingzhen Yu, Weifeng Guo, and Cailan Li
- Subjects
ZANTHOXYLUM ,CHLORIDES ,ALKALOIDS ,INTESTINAL absorption ,HEPATOTOXICOLOGY ,BLOOD circulation ,BIOAVAILABILITY - Abstract
Plant-derived alkaloids are a kind of very important natural organic compounds. Nitidine chloride is one of the main active ingredients in Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. which is a frequently-used Chinese herbal medicine. Z. nitidum has many kinds of efficacy, such as activating blood circulation and removing stasis, promoting qi circulation and relieving pain, and detoxication and detumescence. In China, Z. nitidum is usually used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, toothache, and traumatic injury. At present, there are numerous studies of nitidine chloride with regard to its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, etc. However, a systematic, cutting-edge review of nitidine-related studies is extremely lacking. The present paper aimed at comprehensively summarizing the information on the extraction, separation and purification, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and formulation of nitidine chloride. The knowledge included in the present study were searched from the following academic databases involving Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar, Elsevier, CNKI and Wanfang Data, till July 2022. In terms of nitidine chloride extraction, enzymatic method and ultrasonic method are recommended. Resin adsorption and chromatography were usually used for the separation and purification of nitidine chloride. Nitidine chloride possesses diversified therapeutical effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-colitis, anti-malaria, anti-osteoporosis, anti-rheumatoid and so on. According to pharmacokinetics, the intestinal absorption of nitidine chloride is passive diffusion, and it is rarely excreted with urine and feces in the form of prototype drug. Nitidine chloride has a moderate binding to plasma protein, which is independent of the drug concentration. As to toxicology, nitidine chloride showed certain toxicity on liver, kidney and heart. Certain new formulations, such as nanoparticle, microsphere and nanomicelle, could increase the therapeutic effect and decrease the toxicity of nitidine chloride. Despite limitations such as poor solubility, low bioavailability and certain toxicity, nitidine chloride is still a promising natural alkaloid for drug candidates. Extensive and intensive exploration on nitidine chloride is essential to promote the usage of nitidine-based drugs in the clinic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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11. Research Progress of Total Flavonoids from Plants in Trib. Lorantheae.
- Author
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Jiemei LIANG, Li LI, Lanlan FAN, Hua ZHU, Qiaowen ZHOU, Mingjuan HUANG, Qiulian WU, and Xue WANG
- Subjects
- *
FLAVONOIDS , *ORGANIC acids , *TRADITIONAL medicine , *ISOQUINOLINE alkaloids , *ALKALOIDS , *CLINICAL medicine , *MEDICINAL plants - Abstract
Trib. Lorantheae is one of the important medicinal plants in traditional medicine. There are 41 genera. 6 genera of which are produced in China, mainly distributed in Southwest China. South China and Central South China. There ar«-many kinds of plants in this family, and 22 species can be used as Chinese medicinal materials in China. The branches and leaves of Trib. Lorantheae are rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids. polysaccharides. organic acids and other functional substances. among which flavonoids are one of the important chemical components to exert pharmacological activity. and play an important role in hypoglycemic. lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory. anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-osteoporosis and so on. In this paper, the chemical composition, extraction method, component analysis and pharmacological action of flavonoids in Trib. Lorantheae plants were reviewed. in order to provide scientific reference for further development and clinical application of flavonoids in Trib. Lorantheae plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. Research progress of Cassytha filiformis L.
- Author
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Zi-Bao Huang, Lu Zhang, Lin Dong, Xiao-Po Zhang, Li-Fang Han, and Cai-Yun Zhang
- Subjects
CHINESE medicine - Abstract
Cassytha filiformis L, belonging to family Lauraceae, is widely distributed in subtropical and tropical regions. Cassytha filiformis L is a traditional plant medicine in China, it has proved that the plant showed anti-parasite, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic and anti-platelet aggregation activities, so far, the main pharmacological active components are alkaloids. In this paper, the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Cassytha filiformis L were reviewed by referring to databases such as CNKI, Vip and Pubmed, so as to lay a foundation for its development and utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
13. Occurrence of areca alkaloids in wastewater of major Chinese cities.
- Author
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Huang H, Wang T, Han S, Bai Y, and Li X
- Subjects
- China, Cities, Wastewater, Alkaloids, Areca
- Abstract
Areca nut is a widely used psychoactive product that can cause multiple health problems, such as oral and pharyngeal cancers. Therefore, it is important to estimate areca nut use and the exposure levels of areca alkaloids that are responsible for its health effects. China is a major producer of areca nut and has a large number of areca nut chewers. In this study, occurrence of areca alkaloids and metabolites in wastewater of major cities across China was examined via wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). Arecoline, arecaidine, and their metabolite, N-methylnipecotic acid (NMNA) were detected in the overwhelming majority of wastewater samples, with concentrations up to several μg/L. In contrast, guvacoline was only occasionally detected and guvacine was below detection limit in all samples, possibly due to their low contents in areca nut products, low excretion rates, and/or low stability in sewer systems. Strong positive correlations existed between arecoline, arecaidine, and NMNA concentrations. In addition, their loads were much higher in Central and Southern China. This geographic pattern is consistent with previous survey results on prevalence of areca nut chewing. These results indicate that WBE is a potentially useful method to monitor areca nut consumption and to estimate the exposure levels of areca alkaloids., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2021
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14. Processing methods and mechanisms for alkaloid-rich Chinese herbal medicines: A review.
- Author
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Li RL, Zhang Q, Liu J, He LY, Huang QW, Peng W, and Wu CJ
- Subjects
- China, Medicine, Chinese Traditional, Phytotherapy, Alkaloids, Drugs, Chinese Herbal
- Abstract
The processing of Chinese herbal medicine is a form of pharmaceutical technology developed over thousands of years, in order to increase efficiency and decrease toxicity of herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Herbal processing is essential for safe and effective application of TCM in clinical practice, as it alters the active chemical components and therefore the functions of herbal medicines. Alkaloid-rich herbal medicines in TCM are commonly processed by cleansing, cutting, processing by dry stir-frying, stir-frying with liquid adjuvants, and processing by water decoction. In addition, commonly used adjuvants for processing alkaloid-rich herbal medicines are river sand, wine, vinegar, brine, honey and herbal juice. For alkaloid-rich herbal medicines, the main chemical reactions that occur during processing include hydrolysis, oxidation, replacement, decomposition and condensation. This paper aimed to summarize the processing methods and mechanisms for alkaloid-rich Chinese herbal medicines, and provide much-needed theoretical support and scientific evidence for understanding those mechanisms and effects. Information on processing methods for alkaloid-rich herbal medicines was collected from classic books of herbal medicine, PhD and MSc dissertations, online scientific databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Scopus, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar and Google Scholar. This paper should help to advance our knowledge of the processing mechanisms and aid in the development of processing methods for alkaloid-rich Chinese herbal medicines., (Copyright © 2020 Shanghai Changhai Hospital. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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15. Quality tracing evaluation strategies of compatible materials in Aconitum proprietary Chinese medicines.
- Author
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Qiu ZD, Wei XY, Wang YN, Chen JL, Tan T, Zhang XP, Guo J, Cui GH, Shen Y, Lai CJ, and Huang LQ
- Subjects
- Aconitine, China, Reproducibility of Results, Aconitum, Alkaloids, Drugs, Chinese Herbal
- Abstract
The proprietary Chinese medicine (PCM) has become a significant supplement of modern medicine. Nevertheless, the absence of quality control standard of compatible materials in PCM has led to serious adulteration, which has an extremely bad effect on safety of drug use and clinical efficacy. Here, a quality tracing evaluation strategy of compatible materials in 32 Aconitum proprietary Chinese medicines (APCMs) was established, including data normalization, model development, model verification, and unknown prescription cracking. The model was delimited based on the weighted content of total 9 key alkaloids in 24 APCMs, which were 5.65-57.10 μg/g for extract medicines and 42.62-380.61 μg/g for powder medicines. Three newly published commercial APCMs, including Wangbi Tablet, Wangbi Granule, and Fengshigutong Capsule, were used to verify its reliability and the results proved to be positive. Moreover, a novel prescription cracking approach was proposed to decode the content of each material in five unknown prescriptions including Yaoxitong Capsule, Tongrendahuoluo Pill, Xinbao Pill, Dahuoluo Capsule, and Mugua Pill. Ultimately, the single or two compatible Aconitum materials in APCMs was successfully decoded and the processed level of the materials were effectively judged. This study for the first time established a practical strategy for supervision and cracking of compatible materials in PCMs and is of great significance to improve the quality control of PCMs., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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16. 苦茶及其特异性成分苦茶碱研究进展.
- Author
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秦丹丹, 王秋霜, 李红建, 方开星, 姜晓辉, 潘晨东, 王青, 李 波, and 吴华玲
- Subjects
PLANT classification ,GERMPLASM ,TASTE buds ,CAMELLIAS ,ALKALOIDS - Abstract
Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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17. Two unusual dendrobine-type alkaloids from Dendrobium findlayanum.
- Author
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Yang D, Cheng ZQ, Hou B, Yang L, Zi CT, Dong FW, Hu JM, and Zhou J
- Subjects
- A549 Cells, Alkaloids isolation & purification, China, HL-60 Cells, Humans, MCF-7 Cells, Molecular Structure, Phytochemicals isolation & purification, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Alkaloids pharmacology, Dendrobium chemistry, Plant Stems chemistry
- Abstract
Two unusual dendrobine-type alkaloids, findlayines E and F (1, 2), along with five known dendrobine-type alkaloids (3-7), were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium findlayanum Par. et Rchb. f. Compound 1 is the first example of dendrobine-type alkaloids with a 2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl group attaching to the C-2, and compound 2 is a nor-dendrobine-type alkaloid, featuring a 5-decarboxylated structure. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analyses, and their absolute configuration were confirmed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. All isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549 and MCF-7 human cancer cells., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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18. Aporphine and phenanthrene alkaloids with antioxidant activity from the roots of Stephania tetrandra.
- Author
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Wang R, Zhou J, Shi G, Liu Y, and Yu D
- Subjects
- Alkaloids isolation & purification, Animals, Antioxidants isolation & purification, Aporphines isolation & purification, China, Circular Dichroism, Lipid Peroxidation, Malondialdehyde antagonists & inhibitors, Microsomes, Liver drug effects, Molecular Structure, Phenanthrenes isolation & purification, Phytochemicals isolation & purification, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Plant Roots chemistry, Rats, Alkaloids pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Aporphines pharmacology, Phenanthrenes pharmacology, Stephania tetrandra chemistry
- Abstract
Five new alkaloids (1-5), including three new aporphine alkaloids and two new phenanthrene alkaloids, together with 10 known compounds (6-15) were obtained from the roots of Stephania tetrandra. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism analyses. Compounds 7-10, and 13 showed antioxidant activities with malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibitory rates of 62.50 ± 1.91 to 98.44 ± 0.34% at the concentration of 10 μM., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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19. [Advances in chemical constituents of isoquinoline alkaloids from Nelumbo nucifera and their smooth muscle relaxation effect].
- Author
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Yang GM and Pan Y
- Subjects
- China, Humans, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Plant Extracts, Alkaloids pharmacology, Isoquinolines pharmacology, Muscle Relaxation, Muscle, Smooth drug effects, Nelumbo chemistry
- Abstract
Lotus( Nelumbo nucifera) is a traditional medicinal plant,and nowadays it is regarded both as medicine and food. It is widespread across China and rich in natural resources. Almost every part of N. nucifera could be used for medical or edible purpose,including seeds( Lianzi),black ripe fruits( Shilianzi),seed coats( Lianyi),green embryos of mature seed( Lianzixin),flowers( Lianhua),stamens( Lianxu),receptacles( Lianfang),leaves( Heye),leaf or flower stalks( Hegeng),leaf bases( Heyedi),rhizomes( Ou) and rhizome nodes( Oujie). Therefore,this plant is praised as a commercial crop with great economic values. Isoquinoline type alkaloids are the main chemical components of lotus. Smooth muscles usually exist in the digestive tract,respiratory tract and vascular,urinary,reproductive and other human systems. Dysfunction of smooth muscle contraction will induce many diseases including hypertension,asthma and gastrointestinal disorder,etc.,and most of current therapeutic strategies rely on relaxation of smooth muscle by drugs.Previous studies have shown that alkaloids of lotus have strong relaxation activity on smooth muscle. The present paper reviews phytochemistry and smooth muscle relaxation activity of 59 isoquinoline alkaloids from N. nucifera through accessing CNKI,PubMed and multiple databases for biomedical sciences.
- Published
- 2019
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20. Coptidis Rhizoma: a comprehensive review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology.
- Author
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Wang, Jin, Wang, Lin, Lou, Guan-Hua, Zeng, Hai-Rong, Hu, Ju, Huang, Qin-Wan, Peng, Wei, and Yang, Xiang-Bo
- Subjects
PHARMACOLOGY ,BOTANY ,TOXICOLOGY ,SHIGELLOSIS ,BOTANICAL chemistry ,ORGANIC acids ,ANTIFUNGAL agents - Abstract
Context: Coptidis rhizome (CR), also known as Huanglian in Chinese, is the rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch., C. deltoidea C.Y. Cheng et Hsiao, or C. teeta Wall (Ranunculaceae). It has been widely used to treat bacillary dysentery, diabetes, pertussis, sore throat, aphtha, and eczema in China. Objectives: The present paper reviews the latest advances of CR, focusing on the botany, phytochemistry, traditional usages, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology and toxicology of CR and its future perspectives. Methods: Studies from 1985 to 2018 were reviewed from books; PhD. and MSc. dissertations; the state and local drug standards; PubMed; CNKI; Scopus; the Web of Science; and Google Scholar using the keywords Coptis, Coptidis Rhizoma, Huanglian, and goldthread. Results: Currently, 128 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from CR. Alkaloids are the characteristic components, together with organic acids, coumarins, phenylpropanoids and quinones. The extracts/compounds isolated from CR cover a wide pharmacological spectrum, including antibacterial, antivirus, antifungal, antidiabetic, anticancer and cardioprotective effects. Berberine is the most important active constituent and the primary toxic component of CR. Conclusions: As an important herbal medicine in Chinese medicine, CR has the potential to treat various diseases. However, further research should be undertaken to investigate the clinical effects, toxic constituents, target organs and pharmacokinetics, and to establish criteria for quality control, for CR and its related medications. In addition, the active constituents, other than alkaloids, in both raw and processed products of CR should be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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21. Discovery of Epichloë as novel endophytes of Psathyrostachys lanuginosa in China and their alkaloid profiling.
- Author
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Taixiang Chen, Tian Wang, Mingxiang Du, Malik, Kamran, Chunjie Li, and Gensheng Bao
- Subjects
ERGOT alkaloids ,AGRICULTURAL ecology ,ENDOPHYTES ,ANIMAL health ,NUTRITIONAL value ,ALKALOIDS ,INDOLE alkaloids ,ISOQUINOLINE alkaloids ,INDOLE - Abstract
The Epichloë genus represents a significant group of above-ground endophytes extensively researched for their potential applications in agriculture and ecology. Additionally, Epichloë species synthesize bioactive alkaloids, which generally cause health problems in livestock and have detrimental effects on the performance of insect herbivores. Psathyrostachys lanuginosa serves as a valuable forage grass for livestock owing to its high nutritional value and resilience in adverse environmental conditions. Nevertheless, to date, no reports have documented Epichloë as endophytes of P. lanuginosa. In this study, four strains (PF5, PF9, QG2, and QG4) were isolated and identified through morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses as endophytes of P. lanuginosa. Morphological analysis indicated colony characteristics and conidia features consistent with symbiotic Epichloë, with no significant differences observed in growth rates or conidia dimensions among the four strains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed all strains as E. bromicola. Additionally, alkaloid biosynthetic genes were detected, revealing differences in the potential synthesis of peramine and indole diterpenoid alkaloids among strains from different geographic origins. However, all four E. bromicola strains exhibited similar potential for synthesizing ergot alkaloids, but not loline alkaloids. Overall, this study identified P. lanuginosa as a novel host for E. bromicola and provided insights into the alkaloid profiles of these strains, laying a solid foundation for the scientific and rational utilization of Epichloë resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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22. Chemical fingerprint and simultaneous determination of alkaloids and flavonoids in aerial parts of genus Peganum indigenous to China based on HPLC-UV: application of analysis on secondary metabolites accumulation.
- Author
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Wen F, Cheng X, Liu W, Xuan M, Zhang L, Zhao X, Shan M, Li Y, Teng L, Wang Z, and Wang C
- Subjects
- Alkaloids chemistry, Alkaloids isolation & purification, China, Cluster Analysis, Flavonoids chemistry, Flavonoids isolation & purification, Linear Models, Plant Components, Aerial chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Alkaloids analysis, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Flavonoids analysis, Peganum chemistry, Peganum classification
- Abstract
The aerial parts of genus Peganum are officially used in traditional Chinese medicine. The paper aims to establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for fingerprint analysis and simultaneous determination of three alkaloids and two flavonoids in aerial parts of genus Peganum, and to analyze accumulative difference of secondary metabolites in inter-species, individuals of plants, inter-/intra-population and from different growing seasons. HPLC analysis was performed on a C18 column with gradient elution using 0.1% trifloroacetic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase and detected at 265 nm, by conventional methodology validation. For fingerprint analysis, the RSDs of relative retention time and relative peak area of the characteristic peaks were within 0.07-0.78 and 0.94-9.09%, respectively. For simultaneous determination of vasicine, harmaline, harmine, deacetylpeganetin and peganetin, all calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.9990) within the test range. The relative standard deviations of precision, repeatability and stability test did not exceed 2.37, 2.68 and 2.67%, respectively. The average recoveries for the five analytes were between 96.47 and 101.20%. HPLC fingerprints play a minor role in authenticating and differentiating the herbs of different species of genus Peganum. However, the secondary metabolites levels of alkaloids and flavonoids in aerial parts of genus Peganum rely on species-, habitat-, and growth season-dependent accumulation., (Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2014
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23. An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review of the Genus Meconopsis.
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Guo, Qiang, Bai, Ruifeng, Zhao, Baosheng, Feng, Xiao, Zhao, Yunfang, Tu, Pengfei, and Chai, Xingyun
- Subjects
HEPATOTOXICOLOGY ,THERAPEUTIC use of plant extracts ,ALKALOIDS ,ALTERNATIVE medicine ,ANALGESICS ,ANTI-infective agents ,ANTI-inflammatory agents ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,ANTIOXIDANTS ,ANTITUSSIVE agents ,PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry ,ESSENTIAL oils ,FLAVONOIDS ,HORTICULTURE ,MEDICINAL plants ,TIBETAN medicine ,TERPENES ,PHYTOCHEMICALS ,PLANT extracts ,HISTORY ,PREVENTION - Abstract
The Meconopsis plants (Chinese: 绿绒篙), belonging to the family Papaveraceae, have been used as traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM) for thousands of years. Meconopsis has the effects of clearing heat, reducing swelling, and easing pain, and is mainly prescribed for heat syndromes, hepatitis, pneumonia, and pain in joints. Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of major isoquinoline alkaloids and flavonoids. Modern pharmacological research has demonstrated its antitumor, hepatoprotective, analgestic, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, antitussive, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, resource availability, in-depth in vivo pharmacological study and qualitative and quantitative analysis are still insufficient and deserve further efforts. This paper provides a comprehensive advance on the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies of the genus, in hopes of promoting a better understanding of their medicinal values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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24. Isolation and identification of antibacterial neo-compounds from the red ants of ChangBai Mountain, Tetramorium sp.
- Author
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Song ZW, Liu P, Yin WP, Jiang YL, and Ren YL
- Subjects
- Alkaloids chemistry, Alkaloids pharmacology, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacillus subtilis drug effects, Bacillus subtilis growth & development, China, Chromatography, Reverse-Phase, Coumarins chemistry, Coumarins pharmacology, Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Methanol, Molecular Structure, Alkaloids isolation & purification, Anti-Bacterial Agents isolation & purification, Ants chemistry, Complex Mixtures chemistry, Coumarins isolation & purification
- Abstract
Three novel coumarin compounds along with two known amide alkaloids were isolated from a methanol extract of the red ants of ChangBai Mountain, Tetramorium sp. Their structures were identified on the basis of IR, 2D NMR ((1)H-(1)H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and HRESIMS analysis. Antibacterial activity of all the compounds was evaluated using KB paper diffusion through measurement of inhibiting zone. It was found that four of all the compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis with MIC values of 25 μg/ml (compounds 1-3) and 15 μg/ml (compound 4)., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
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25. Transcriptional deciphering of the metabolic pathways associated with the bioactive ingredients of wolfberry species with different quality characteristics.
- Author
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Liu, Xuexia, Zheng, Rui, Radani, Yasmina, Gao, Han, Yue, Sijun, Fan, Wenqiang, Tang, Jianning, Shi, Jing, and Zhu, Jinzhong
- Subjects
GENE expression ,GENE expression profiling ,LYCIUM chinense ,SPECIES ,MOLECULAR cloning ,EDIBLE plants ,CAROTENOIDS ,ALKALOIDS - Abstract
Background: Wolfberry is rich in carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, betaines and other bioactive ingredients. For over 2,000 years, wolfberry has been used in China as a medicinal and edible plant resource. Nevertheless, the content of bioactive ingredients varies by cultivars, resulting in uneven quality across wolfberry cultivars and species. To date, research has revealed little about the underlying molecular mechanism of the metabolism of flavonoids, carotenoids, and other bioactive ingredients in wolfberry. Results: In this context, the transcriptomes of the Lycium barbarum L. cultivar 'Ningqi No. 1' and Lycium chinense Miller were compared during the fruit maturity stage using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing platform, and subsequently, the changes of the gene expression profiles in two types of wolfberries were analysed. In total, 256,228,924 clean reads were obtained, and 8817 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, then assembled by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) similarity searches and annotated using Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (KOG), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). By combining these transcriptome data with data from the PubMed database, 36 DEGs related to the metabolism of bioactive ingredients and implicated in the metabolic pathway of carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, vitamins, etc., were identified. In addition, among the 9 differentially expressed transcription factors, LbAPL, LbPHL11 and LbKAN4 have raised concerns. The protein physicochemical properties, structure prediction and phylogenetic analysis indicated that LbAPL and LbPHL11 may be good candidate genes involved in regulating the flavonoid metabolism pathway in wolfberry. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence for the differences in bioactive ingredient content at the transcription level among different wolfberry species, as well as a research and theoretical basis for the screening, cloning and functional analysis of key genes involved in the metabolism of bioactive ingredients in wolfberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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26. Insect-Resistance of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Leaves is Associated with Volatile Compounds.
- Author
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Chen, Y., Hong, R., Rao, D., Han, Y., Chen, G., and Dong, X.
- Subjects
INSECT baits & repellents ,ENDANGERED plants ,FIELD research ,FLAVONOIDS ,ISOQUINOLINE alkaloids ,METABOLOMICS ,ALKALOIDS - Abstract
Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) is listed as a nationally endangered plant in China. Heortia vitessoides (Moore) is an important monophagous leaf-eating pest that endangers A. sinensis by seriously affecting its growth. Field studies have found that a small number of plants in the same forest are strongly resistant to insects. In this study, we compared the chemical constituents and volatile components of leaves of the A. sinensis high insect-resistant (A01) and susceptible (S) varieties and analyzed their differential metabolites using non-targeted metabolomics. The results showed that the leaves of A. sinensis that were resistant to insects had lower nutrient contents than those of the susceptible varieties, and the volatile substances contained larger amounts of insect attractants than insect repellants. Insect-resistant A. sinensis leaves were found to be highly enriched in metabolites related to the enhancement of stress resistance, with metabolic pathways mainly focused on flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis, phenylalanine biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively analyze and compare leaf components contributing to the resistance of A. sinensis to H. vitessoides. The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for the future breeding of insect-resistant A. sinensis varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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27. Amorphophallus muelleri activates ferulic acid and phenylpropane biosynthesis pathways to defend against Fusarium solani infection.
- Author
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Penghua Gao, Ying Qi, Lifang Li, Shaowu Yang, Jiani Liu, Huanyu Wei, Feiyan Huang, and Lei Yu
- Subjects
FUSARIOSIS ,FERULIC acid ,FUSARIUM solani ,ISOQUINOLINE alkaloids ,ALKALOIDS ,AMORPHOPHALLUS ,BIOSYNTHESIS ,PLANT defenses - Abstract
Amorphophallus sp. is an economically important crop for rural revitalization in southwest China. However, Fusarium solani often infects Amorphophallus sp. corms during storage, damaging the corm quality and affecting leaf elongation and flowering in the subsequent crop. In this study, the mechanism of resistance to F. solani was investigated in the leaf bud and flower bud corms of Amorphophallus muelleri through transcriptome and metabolome analyses. A total of 42.52 Gb clean reads and 1,525 metabolites were detected in a total of 12 samples including 3 samples each of disease-free leaf bud corms (LC), leaf bud corms inoculated with F. solani for three days (LD), disease-free flower bud corms (FC), and flower bud corms inoculated with F. solani for three days (FD). Transcriptome, metabolome, and conjoint analyses showed that 'MAPK signal transduction', 'plant-pathogen interaction', 'plant hormone signal transduction', and other secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, including 'phenylpropane biosynthesis', 'arachidonic acid metabolism', 'stilbene, diarylheptane and gingerolin biosynthesis', and 'isoquinoline alkaloids biosynthesis', among others, were involved in the defense response of A. muelleri to F. solani. Ultimately, the expression of six genes of interest (AmCDPK20, AmRBOH, AmWRKY33, Am4CL, Am POD and AmCYP73A1) was validated by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the results indicated that these genes were involved in the response of A. muelleri to F. solani. Ferulic acid inhibited the growth of F. solani, reducing the harm caused by F. solani to A. muelleri corms to a certain extent. Overall, this study lays a strong foundation for further investigation of the interaction between A. muelleri and F. solani, and provides a list of genes for the future breeding of F. solani-resistant A. muelleri cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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28. [Pharmacognostical study of Chinese drug ningxia beimu].
- Author
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Duan J, Ding K, Han Y, and Zhang W
- Subjects
- China, Fritillaria chemistry, Fritillaria cytology, Pharmacognosy, Plant Epidermis chemistry, Plant Epidermis cytology, Powders, Alkaloids analysis, Fritillaria anatomy & histology, Plant Epidermis anatomy & histology
- Abstract
This paper deals with the macroscopic, microscopic and chemical characteristics of the bulbs of Fritillaria taipaiensis var. ningxiaensis. This crude drug could be distinguished by shape, size, hilum and striations of the sample grains.
- Published
- 1998
29. Exploration of Synergistic Pesticidal Activities, Control Effects and Toxicology Study of a Monoterpene Essential Oil with Two Natural Alkaloids.
- Author
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Xu, Jianwei, Lv, Min, Fang, Shanshan, Wang, Yanyan, Wen, Houpeng, Zhang, Shaoyong, and Xu, Hui
- Subjects
GLUTATHIONE transferase ,ESSENTIAL oils ,ALKALOIDS ,DIAMONDBACK moth ,SCANNING electron microscopes ,TWO-spotted spider mite ,ACARICIDES - Abstract
With the increasing development of pest resistances, it is not easy to achieve satisfactory control effects by using only one agrochemical. Additionally, although the alkaloid matrine (MT) isolated from Sophora flavescens is now utilized as a botanical pesticide in China, in fact, its pesticidal activities are much lower in magnitude than those of commercially agrochemicals. To improve its pesticidal activities, here, the joint pesticidal effects of MT with another alkaloid oxymatrine (OMT) (isolated from S. flavescens) and the monoterpene essential oil 1,8-cineole (CN) (isolated from the eucalyptus leaves) were investigated in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Moreover, their toxicological properties were also studied. Against Plutella xylostella, when the mass ratio of MT and OMT was 8/2, good larvicidal activity was obtained; against Tetranychus urticae, when the mass ratio of MT and OMT was 3/7, good acaricidal activity was obtained. Especially when MT and OMT were combined with CN, the significant synergistic effects were observed: against P. xylostella, the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of MT/OMT (8/2)/CN was 213; against T. urticae, the CTC of MT/OMT (3/7)/CN was 252. Moreover, the activity changes over time of two detoxification enzymes, carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) of P. xylostella treated with MT/OMT (8/2)/CN, were observed. In addition, by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the toxicological study suggested that the acaricidal activity of MT/OMT (3/7)/CN may be related to the damage of the cuticle layer crest of T. urticae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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30. Emerging trends and research foci of berberine on tumor from 2002 to 2021: A bibliometric article of the literature from WoSCC.
- Author
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Runzhu Yuan, Yao Tan, Ping-Hui Sun, Bo Qin, and Zhen Liang
- Subjects
ALKALOIDS ,BERBERINE ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,MOLECULAR docking ,DRUG resistance ,CELL proliferation - Abstract
Background: Cancer, also known as a malignant tumor, is caused by the activation of oncogenes, which leads to the uncontrolled proliferation of cells that results in swelling. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. The main variables limiting the efficacy of antitumor treatments are side effects and drug resistance. The search for natural, safe, low toxicity, and efficient chemical compounds in tumor research is essential. Berberine is a pentacyclic isoquinoline quaternary ammonium alkaloid isolated from Berberis and Coptis that has long been used in clinical settings. Studies in recent years have reported the use of berberine in cancer treatment. In this study, we performed a bibliometric analysis of berberine- and tumor-related research. Materials and methods: Relevant articles from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2021, were identified from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) of Clarivate Analytics. Microsoft Excel, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and an online platform were used for the literary metrology analysis. Results: A total of 1368 publications had unique characteristics. Publications from China were the most common (783 articles), and Y. B. Feng (from China) was the most productive author, with the highest total citations. China Medical University (Taiwan) and Sun Yat-sen University (China) were the two organizations with the largest numbers of publications (36 each). Frontiers in Pharmacology was the most commonly occurring journal (29 articles). The present body of research is focused on the mechanism, molecular docking, and oxidative stress of berberine in tumors. Conclusion: Research on berberine and tumors was thoroughly reviewed using knowledge map and bibliometric methods. The results of this study reveal the dynamic evolution of berberine and tumor research and provide a basis for strategic planning in cancer research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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31. Root endophytic bacterial community composition of Aconitum carmichaelii debx. from three main producing areas in China.
- Author
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Zou, Lan, Wang, Qian, Wu, Rongxing, Zhang, Yaopeng, Wu, Qingshan, Xiong, Wei, Ye, Kunhao, Dai, Wei, and Huang, Jing
- Subjects
HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,MONKSHOODS ,NITROGEN in soils ,BACTERIAL communities ,ENDOPHYTIC bacteria ,METABOLITES - Abstract
Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. is famous for the bioactive aconitum alkaloids as traditional Chinese medicine. Endophytic bacteria play vital roles in plant growth, health, and the production of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids. In this study, we employed 16 S rRNA amplicon high‐throughput sequencing to determine the root endophytic bacterial community of A. carmichaelii Debx. collected from three main producing areas including the geo‐authentic area in China, high performance liquid chromatography to measure the contents of six bioactive alkaloids and correlation analysis to explore the relationship among environmental factors, alkaloids contents, and endophytic bacterial community. The results indicated that the root core microbiota of A. carmichaelii Debx. was dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Root endophytic bacterial community in the geo‐authentic area was distinct from the other two regions. Soil nitrogen contents, organic matter, and temperature were the main factors contributing to the endophytic bacterial community structure. Significant correlation was found between alkaloids contents and some bacterial genera. Particularly, the abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with the contents of benzoyl‐mesaconitine and benzoyl‐aconine. This study provided the first insight into the root endophytic bacterial community composition of A. carmichaelii Debx., and can direct further isolation of functional bacterial strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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32. UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Analysis of the Phytochemical Compositions From Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai Fruits.
- Author
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Tao, Weili, Zhao, Chuanyi, Lin, Gengxue, Wang, Qiongjin, Lv, Qian, Wang, Shuyun, and Chen, Yicun
- Subjects
FRUIT ,METABOLITES ,FRUIT extracts ,MASS spectrometry ,CHEMICAL composition of plants ,TERPENES ,NITRIC oxide - Abstract
Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai (C. speciosa Nakai) is a popular fruit widely used in China for its health-promoting properties. The presences of phytochemical compositions in the plants play an important role in the health benefits. Nevertheless, the detailed information of these ingredients is still unknown. Therefore, in this work, an untargeted analytical method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight coupled to mass spectrometry in two different ionization modes was used to qualitative the phytochemicals in C. speciosa Nakai, meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory activity of these phytochemicals was researched through detecting the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) that was induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. The results showed that there were totally 175 primary and secondary metabolites were identified in the fruit of C. speciosa Nakai, including phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids and other phyto-constituents. Actually, most compounds were described in C. speciosa Nakai fruits for the first time. Besides, the anti-inflammatory activity was measured by the result of NO inhibition rate, the consequence showed that the value of half-inhibitory concentration (IC
50 ) was 365.208 μg/mL. These results indicate that C. speciosa Nakai is an efficient medicinal fruit, which owns various bioactivities and has the potential to treat various diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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33. Sophora flavescens Ait.: Traditional usage, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine.
- Author
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He, Xirui, Fang, Jiacheng, Huang, Linhong, Wang, Jinhui, and Huang, Xiaoqiang
- Subjects
- *
FEVER , *NOCICEPTIVE pain , *MEDICINAL plants , *ALKALOIDS , *ALTERNATIVE medicine , *ANALGESICS , *ANTI-infective agents , *ANTI-inflammatory agents , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry , *FLAVONOIDS , *INJECTIONS , *CHINESE medicine , *MEDLINE , *ONLINE information services , *ORAL drug administration , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *PHYTOCHEMICALS , *PLANT extracts , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *PREVENTION ,THERAPEUTIC use of plant extracts - Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Sophora flavescens (Fabaceae), also known as Kushen (Chinese: 苦参), has been an important species in Chinese medicine since the Qin and Han dynasties. The root of Sophora flavescens has a long history in the traditional medicine of many countries, including China, Japan, Korea, India and some countries in Europe. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Sophora flavescens has been used extensively, mainly in combination with other medicinal plants in prescriptions to treat fever, dysentery, hematochezia, jaundice, oliguria, vulvar swelling, asthma, eczema, inflammatory disorders, ulcers and diseases associated with skin burns. The aim of this review is to provide updated and comprehensive information regarding the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities and toxicology of Sophora flavescens and to discuss possible trends and opportunities for further research on Sophora flavescens . Materials and methods We systematically searched major scientific databases (PubMed, Elsevier, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, Medline Plus, ACS, “ Da Yi Yi Xue Sou Suo ( http://www.dayi100.com/login.jsp )”, China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI) and Web of Science) for information published between 1958 and 2015 on Sophora flavescens . Information was also acquired from local classic herbal literature, conference papers, government reports, and PhD and MSc dissertations. Results The broad spectrum of biological activities associated with Sophora flavescens has been considered a valuable resource in both traditional and modern medicine. Extracts are taken either orally or by injection. More than 200 compounds have been isolated from Sophora flavescens , and the major components have been identified as flavonoids and alkaloids. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that at least 50 pure compounds and crude extracts from Sophora flavescens possess wide-ranging antitumor, antimicrobial, antipyretic, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory pharmacological abilities. The anticancer and anti-infection abilities of these components are especially attractive areas for research. Conclusions Sophora flavescens is a promising traditional medicine, but there is a need for more precise studies to test the safety and clinical value of its main active crude extracts and pure compounds and to clarify their mechanisms of action. Moreover, some existing studies have lacked systematic methods and integration with the existing literature, and some of the experiments were isolated, used small sample sizes and were unreliable. More validated data are therefore required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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34. Medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Dictamnus (Rutaceae).
- Author
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Lv, Mengying, Xu, Ping, Tian, Yuan, Liang, Jingyu, Gao, Yiqiao, Xu, Fengguo, Zhang, Zunjian, and Sun, Jianbo
- Subjects
- *
ALLERGY prevention , *MEDICINAL plants , *ALKALOIDS , *ALTERNATIVE medicine , *ANTI-infective agents , *ANTI-inflammatory agents , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *VASODILATION , *DRUG toxicity , *FLAVONOIDS , *HEPATITIS , *INSECTICIDES , *CHINESE medicine , *MEDLINE , *NERVOUS system , *ONLINE information services , *PHOTOSENSITIVITY disorders , *QUALITY assurance , *STEROIDS , *TERPENES , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *PHYTOCHEMICALS , *PLANT extracts , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *ANTIRETROVIRAL agents , *PLATELET aggregation inhibitors , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,THERAPEUTIC use of plant extracts - Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Seven species from the genus Dictamnus are distributed throughout Europe and North Asia and only two species grow in China. One is Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., which could be found in many areas of China and has been recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia . The other is Dictamnus angustifolius G. Don ex Sweet, which is only present in Xinjiang province and has been used as an alternative for Dictamnus dasycarpus in the local for the treatment of rheumatism, bleeding, itching, jaundice, chronic hepatitis and skin diseases. The present paper reviewed the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the genus Dictamnus . Materials and methods Information on the Dictamnus species was collected from classic books about Chinese herbal medicine and globally accepted scientific databases including PubMed, Elsevier, ASC, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, CNKI and others. Results About 170 chemical compounds, which include quinoline alkaloids, limonoids, sesquiterpenes, coumarins, flavonoids and steroids, have been isolated from the genus Dictamnus . The characteristic and active constituents of Dictamnus species are considered to be quinoline alkaloids and limonoids, which exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-microbe, anti-platelet-aggregation, vascular-relaxation, anti-insect, anti-HIV, anti-allergy and neuroprotection. Moreover, quinoline alkaloids and limonoids could be used as quality control markers to distinguish different species from the genus Dictamnus . However, there were also some reports on the toxic hepatitis and phototoxic effect of Dictamnus species, and the related research needs to be further studied. Conclusion In this review, we summarized the chemical constituents, pharmacology, quality control and toxicology of the species from genus Dictamnus . Phytochemical investigations indicated that quinoline alkaloids and limonoids were the major bioactive components with potential cytotoxic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-platelet-aggregation and vascular relaxing activities. These two kinds of compounds have attracted great interests in the past few years and may have great potential to be new drug lead compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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35. Azaphilone alkaloids: prospective source of natural food pigments.
- Author
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Liu, Lujie and Wang, Zhilong
- Subjects
ALKALOIDS ,ADDITION reactions ,PIGMENTS ,FUNGAL metabolites ,MICROBIAL metabolism ,MONASCUS - Abstract
Azaphilone, biosynthesized by polyketide synthase, is a class of fungal metabolites. In this review, after brief introduction of the natural azaphilone diversity, we in detail discussed azaphilic addition reaction involving conversion of natural azaphilone into the corresponding azaphilone alkaloid. Then, setting red Monascus pigments (a traditional food colorant in China) as example, we presented a new strategy, i.e., interfacing azaphilic addition reaction with living microbial metabolism in a one-pot process, to produce azaphilone alkaloid with a specified amine residue (red Monascus pigments) during submerged culture. Benefit from the red Monascus pigments with a specified amine residue, the influence of primary amine on characteristics of the food colorant was highlighted. Finally, the progress for screening of alternative azaphilone alkaloids (production from interfacing azaphilic addition reaction with submerged culture of Talaromyces sp. or Penicillium sp.) as natural food colorant was reviewed. Key points: • Azaphilic addition reaction of natural azaphilone is biocompatible • Red Monascus pigment is a classic example of azaphilone alkaloids • Azaphilone alkaloids are alterative natural food colorant [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Cytotoxic plicamine alkaloids from the whole plants of Zephyranthes grandiflora.
- Author
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Yang, Qiao, Lin, Ge, Wang, Peng-Hui, Zhou, Ming, Zhou, Dong, and Cheng, Ya-Zhuo
- Subjects
AMARYLLIDACEAE ,IN vitro studies ,SPECTROPHOTOMETERS ,ALKALOIDS ,GLIOMAS ,PHYTOCHEMICALS ,FLOWERS ,CELL surface antigens ,PLANT extracts ,ETHANOL ,MOLECULAR structure ,CELL lines ,CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis ,IMMUNODIAGNOSIS ,SPECTRUM analysis ,ULTRAVIOLET radiation - Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on the 80% EtOH extract of the whole plants of Zephyranthes grandiflora afforded three new 4a-epi-plicamine-type alkaloids, zephyranthines A-C (1-3). Structural elucidation of all the compounds were performed by spectral methods such as 1D and 2D (
1 H-1 H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, in addition to high resolution mass spectrometry. All the alkaloids were in vitro evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against six glioma cell lines (CHG-5, SH-SY5Y, SHG-44, U251, U343, and GL15). Alkaloids 2 and 3 exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against all tested cell lines with IC50 values of less than 20 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A review on indole alkaloids isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla and their pharmacological studies.
- Author
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Ndagijimana, Andre, Wang, Xiaoming, Pan, Guixiang, Zhang, Fan, Feng, Hong, and Olaleye, Olajide
- Subjects
- *
CEREBRAL ischemia , *CEREBROVASCULAR disease prevention , *ECLAMPSIA , *EPILEPSY prevention , *MEDICINAL plants , *ALKALOIDS , *ALTERNATIVE medicine , *ANTICONVULSANTS , *PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry , *DOSAGE forms of drugs , *ANTIHYPERTENSIVE agents , *BOTANIC medicine , *CHINESE medicine , *MYOCARDIAL depressants , *PATIENT safety , *QUALITY assurance , *PHYTOCHEMICALS , *PLANT extracts , *PREVENTION - Abstract
Abstract: Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks, Rubiaceae, is one of the original plants of the important Chinese crude drug, Gou-teng, mainly used for the treatment of convulsion, hypertension, epilepsy, eclampsia, and cerebral diseases. The pharmacological activities of this plant are related to the presence of active compounds predominantly indole alkaloids. In this article, we have reviewed some reports about the pharmacological activities of the main indole alkaloids isolated from U. rhynchophylla. This review paper will contribute to the studies on the chemistry, safety and quality control of medicinal preparations containing Uncaria species. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
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38. Sources of the anti-implantation alkaloid yuehchukene in the genus Murraya.
- Author
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Kong YC, Ng KH, But PP, Li Q, Yu SX, Zhang HT, Cheng KF, Soejarto DD, Kan WS, and Waterman PG
- Subjects
- Animals, China, Female, Pregnancy, Rats, Alkaloids pharmacology, Embryo Implantation drug effects, Medicine, Traditional, Plants, Medicinal analysis
- Abstract
The genus Murraya has been widely used in traditional medicine in east Asia. In view of the recent isolation of the anti-implantation alkaloid yuehchukene from M. paniculata a search has now been made for other natural sources of this alkaloid within the genus. In this paper we report findings for nine taxa of Murraya.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Quality Evaluation and Relative Bioavailability Investigation on Three Alkaloids of Corydalis Saxícola Bunting Extract in Solid Dispersion.
- Author
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Qing-Fei Liu, Yun Shi, Zhong-Min Song, Guo-An Luo, and Yi-Ming Wang
- Subjects
- *
ALKALOIDS , *ANIMAL experimentation , *BIOAVAILABILITY , *ANALYTICAL chemistry , *HERBAL medicine , *HIGH performance liquid chromatography , *CHINESE medicine , *ORAL drug administration , *RATS , *RESEARCH funding , *X-ray spectroscopy , *DRUG administration , *DRUG dosage - Abstract
Corydalis saxícola Bunting, also named Yanhuanglian in China, is widely used in folk prescriptions to treat hepatitis, hepato- cirrhosis and hepatic cancer. Its active components consists mainly of alkaloids, which have poor solubility in water. The previous study showed that the absolute bioavailabilities (BA) of the alkaloids were only about 10% after oral administration to rats, compared to intravenous administration. In this paper, the solid dispersion (SD) method was used to improve the BAs of dehydro- cavidine (YHL-1), coptisine (YHL-2), and dehydroapocavidine (YHL-3), the main alkaloids of the extract of Corydalis saxícola Bunting, by improving their solubility. The results showed that using PEG 4000 as a carrier at an amount equivalent to 7 folds of the extract could significantly improve the solubility of the compounds in water, pH 1.2 HC1 and pH 7.2 PBS. DSC and X-ray detection indicated that the drug might be in a dissolved or amorphous state in SD, which was different from that in the physical mixture. The formulation was further studied in terms of BA enhancement by cumulative urinary excretion after oral administration to rats. A new method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a diode-array detector (DAD) was established. The results showed that the relative BAs (RE BAs) of YHL-1, YHL-2 and YHL-3 were all significantly improved by about 1 fold after oral administration of SD solution, compared to the extract suspension (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
40. Antihypertensive and neuroprotective activities of rhynchophylline: The role of rhynchophylline in neurotransmission and ion channel activity
- Author
-
Zhou, Jiyin and Zhou, Shiwen
- Subjects
- *
UNCARIA , *ALKALOIDS , *NEURAL transmission , *ION channels , *ANTIHYPERTENSIVE agents , *NEUROPROTECTIVE agents , *THERAPEUTICS , *CENTRAL nervous system diseases , *HYPOXEMIA , *ARRHYTHMIA prevention , *CEREBRAL ischemia , *HYPERTENSION , *CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention , *NEOVASCULARIZATION , *PREVENTION of drug addiction , *SPASMS , *SEIZURES (Medicine) , *BRADYCARDIA , *EPILEPSY prevention , *VASCULAR dementia , *METAPLASIA , *MEDICINAL plants , *ALTERNATIVE medicine , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ANTICOAGULANTS , *CARDIOVASCULAR system , *CENTRAL nervous system , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *MEDLINE , *RESEARCH funding , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *PLANT extracts , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *PREVENTION - Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Uncaria species (Gouteng in Chinese) have been used as ethnopharmacological medicines to treat ailments of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. As the main alkaloid constituent of Uncaria species, rhynchophylline has drawn extensive attention in recent years for its antihypertensive and neuroprotective activities, and its pharmacological effects are related to ethnopharmacological medicine properties of Uncaria species. Aim of the review: This review examined the pharmacological studies and mechanisms of rhynchophylline, with an emphasis on cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases linked to the ethnopharmacological uses of Uncaria species. Methods: We conducted both an electronic search and a library search of in vivo and in vitro studies. The terms and keywords for the search included rhynchophylline, Uncaria species, Gouteng, pharmacological effects, and mechanism. We focused on the papers, including ours, with studies on all related pharmacological effects and mechanisms of rhynchophylline. Results: Rhynchophylline was the main constituent of several components identified from Uncaria species. Rhynchophylline mainly acts on cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases, including hypertension, bradycardia, arrhythmia, sedation, vascular dementia, epileptic seizures, drug addiction, and cerebral ischemia. Rhynchophylline also has effects on anticoagulation, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and has been shown to be anti-endotoxemic. The active mechanisms are related to modulation of calcium and potassium ion channels, protection of neural and neuroglial cells, and regulation of central neurotransmitter transport and metabolism. More studies are necessary to verify the pharmacological activities and determine the exact mechanisms of rhynchophylline activity. Conclusions: Rhynchophylline treatment of cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases has a strong linkage with traditional concepts and uses of Uncaria species in ethnopharmacological medicine, such as treatment for lightheadedness, convulsions, numbness, and hypertension. As a candidate drug for several cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases, rhynchophylline will attract scientists to pursue the potential pharmacological effects and mechanisms with new technologies. Relatively few clinically relevant studies of rhynchophylline have been conducted. Thus, more in vivo validations and investigations of antihypertensive and neuroprotective mechanisms of rhynchophylline are necessary. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Amide Alkaloids from Scopolia tangutica.
- Author
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Zhen Long, Yan Zhang, Zhimou Guo, Lien Wang, Xingya Xue, Xiuli Zhang, Shisheng Wang, Zhiwei Wang, Olivier Civelli, and Xinmiao Liang
- Subjects
MEDICINAL plants ,ALKALOIDS ,ALTERNATIVE medicine ,AMIDES ,ANALGESICS ,ANIMAL experimentation ,BIOPHYSICS ,CELL receptors ,ANALYTICAL chemistry ,PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,RESEARCH methodology ,MICE ,NARCOTICS ,NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,RESEARCH funding ,PLANT roots ,PLANT extracts ,BLIND experiment ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Four new hydroxycinnamic acid amides, scotanamines A-D (1-4), and seven known alkaloids, including N¹, N
10 -di-dihydrocaffeoylspermidine (5), scopolamine (6), anisodamine (7), hyoscyamine (8), anisodine (9), caffeoylputrescine (10), and N¹-caffeoyl-N³-dihydrocaffeoylspermidine (11), were obtained from the roots of Scopolia tangutica. The present study represents the first recognition of hydroxycinnamic acid amides containing putrescine or spermidine in S. tangutica. Compound 1, in particular, contains a moiety resulting from the condensation of nortropinone and putrescine. Compound 2 exhibited moderate agonist activity at the µ-opioid receptor (EC50 = 7.3 µM). Compound 2 was tested in vivo and induced analgesia analgesia in mice. The analgesic effect was recorded using the tail-flick assay and was reversed by naloxone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Fumigaclavines D-H, New Ergot Alkaloids from Endophytic Aspergillus fumigatus.
- Author
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Jing Xu, Yong Chun Song, Ye Guo, Ya Ning Mei, and Ren Xiang Tan
- Subjects
ALKALOIDS ,ALTERNATIVE medicine ,ANAEROBIC bacteria ,ANTI-infective agents ,ASPERGILLUS ,ANALYTICAL chemistry ,PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry ,MICROBIAL sensitivity tests ,NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,RESEARCH funding ,SPECTRUM analysis ,X-rays ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,IN vitro studies ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Ergot alkaloids are toxins which are produced biotechnologically on an industrial scale. The chemical investigation of endophytic Aspergillus fumigatus resulted in the isolation of five new ergot alkaloids named fumigaclavines D-H (2-6), along with three known analogues, fumigaclavine C (1), festuclavine (7), and fumigaclavine A (8). Their structures were unequivocally elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses in association with X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Fumigaclavines D-H are interesting clavine-type ergot alkaloids featuring a reverse prenyl moiety at C-2, with 1-4, 6, and 8 bearing additional substituents, e.g., an OH or OAc group at C-9. Compounds 2, 4, and 6-8 showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against a panel of anaerobic microorganisms, of which compounds 4 and 6 were the most active against Veillonella parvula with an MIC = 16 µg/mL compared to that (0.12 µg/mL) of tinidazole, co-assayed as a positive reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Effects of Stephania hainanensis alkaloids on MSU-induced acute gouty arthritis in mice.
- Author
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Fan, Hao-fei, Fang, Xing-yue, Wu, Hao-lin, Xu, Yi-qian, Gong, Li-chong, Yu, Dao-rui, Jia, Hao, Tang, Xiao-liang, and Liu, Qi-bing
- Subjects
CYTOKINES ,MEDICINAL plants ,ALKALOIDS ,ANIMAL experimentation ,ORAL drug administration ,WESTERN immunoblotting ,ONE-way analysis of variance ,SIGNAL peptides ,PLANT roots ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,GENE expression ,CYTOCHEMISTRY ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,COLCHICINE ,MOLECULAR structure ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,DATA analysis software ,MICE ,GOUT ,CASPASES - Abstract
Background: Gout is initiated by the precipitation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals within the joints and soft tissues, and it can eventually cause acute or chronic arthritis. MSU crystals trigger, amplify, and maintain a strong inflammatory response through promoting proinflammatory activity. In this study, the therapeutic effects of Stephania hainanensis (S. hainanensis) total alkaloid (SHA) were tested and evaluated on MSU-induced acute gouty arthritis in a mouse model. Methods: After oral administration of SHA (10 or 20 mg/kg) or the antigout medicine colchicine (0.5 mg/kg) once daily for 3 consecutive days, MSU crystals suspended in saline (2.5 mg/50 μl) were intradermally injected into the right paw of the mice. Then, SHA and colchicine were administered for another 2 days. During this period, swelling of the ankle and clinical scores were measured at 12, 24, and 48 h postinjection. After the mice were euthanized, inflammatory cytokine expression and paw tissue inflammation-related gene and protein expression, and a histopathological analysis was performed. Results: SHA had obvious therapeutic effects on MSU-induced acute gouty arthritis in mice. SHA alleviated ankle swelling and inhibited the production of cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α. In addition, NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β, which are activated by MSU were also suppressed by SHA. The histological evaluation showed that SHA relieved the infiltration of inflammation around the ankle. Conclusions: These results suggest that SHA is capable of anti-inflammatory activities and may be useful for treating gouty arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Effect of heat processing on the quality and alkaloid contents of Coptis Rhizome.
- Author
-
Akiba, Shuichiro, Sahashi, Yoshiro, and Mitsuma, Tadamichi
- Subjects
ALKALOIDS ,ENTHALPY ,CHINESE medicine ,HERBAL medicine ,PRODUCE markets ,RICE quality - Abstract
Aim: The outer color of the Chinese herbal medicine Oren (Coptis Rhizome) in the market has lately been darker than usual. A survey in China revealed that the preparation process was performed in conditions of excessive heat, and as a result there was concern about both the medicine's ingredients, as well as properties such as color and taste. Therefore, in the current study, we examined the influence of excess heat during processing on the ingredients and properties of Coptis Rhizome. Methods: We obtained six samples of heat‐processed chopped Oren pieces from a market in Japan, sorted the pieces into three groups according to the color, and measured the alkaloid content in each color group. In addition, the effect of heating on the alkaloid content was examined by directly heating Oren. Results: In each sample, 7–31% of the Oren pieces had a black tone, and their coptisine chloride content was as low as 37–91% compared with normal‐tone pieces. As a result of heat‐processing crude Oren at 160°C for 150 min in a constant‐temperature oven, the coptisine chloride content decreased to 25.6%. Furthermore, the coptisine chloride content decreased to about 70% when heating heat‐processed Oren for 3 min with an open flame, and the color changed to a dark brown. Conclusion: Our results suggest that black‐colored chopped Oren pieces in the market are produced by excessive heating, which affects the quality of the medicine and its alkaloid content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and toxicology.
- Author
-
Lu, Qiang, Ma, Runfang, Yang, Yang, Mo, Zhimi, Pu, Xudong, and Li, Cailan
- Subjects
- *
PHYTOTHERAPY , *ALKALOIDS , *ANALGESIA , *ANTI-infective agents , *ANTI-inflammatory agents , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *DATABASES , *HEALTH , *HEMOSTASIS , *HERBAL medicine , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL personnel , *MEDICINAL plants , *MEDICAL research , *CHINESE medicine , *MOLECULAR biology , *REFERENCE books , *TOXICOLOGY , *INFORMATION resources , *PHYTOCHEMICALS , *INTEGRATIVE medicine , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. (Z. nitidum), which is known in China as Liang – Mian – Zhen , is mainly distributed in southern China and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is traditionally used for treating stomach ache, toothache, rheumatic arthralgia, traumatic injury and venomous snake bites. Additional medical applications include the treatment of inflammations, various types of cancer, bacterial and viral infections, gastric and oral ulcers and liver damage. This paper aims to offer up-to-date information on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Z. nitidum. This review also discussed the perspectives for possible future research on Z. nitidum. A comprehensive review was carried out on studies about Z. nitidum conducted in the past 60 years by using different resources, including Flora of China , Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and academic databases. At present, more than 150 chemical constituents have been separated and identified from Z. nitidum , most of which include alkaloids. Biological activities, including anti-inflammation, analgesia, haemostasis, anticancer and antibacterial, were determined via in vitro and in vivo studies. The variations in the efficacy of Z. nitidum can be attributed to the biological activities of its natural products, especially alkaloids. Toxicity studies on Z. nitidum are relatively few, thus requiring further study. This article generalises the current research achievements related to Z. nitidum , which is an important medicinal material in China. Some traditional uses of Z. nitidum have been assessed by pharmacological studies. Unresolved problems remain, including molecular mechanisms underlying biological activities, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and therapeutic effect, which are still being studied and explored before Z. nitidum can be integrated into clinical medicine. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Neuropharmacological effects of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata.
- Author
-
Zhao, Lihong, Sun, Zhihui, Yang, Limin, Cui, Ranji, Yang, Wei, and Li, Bingjin
- Subjects
CENTRAL nervous system ,NEUROLOGICAL disorders ,ALKALOIDS ,ANTIDEPRESSANTS - Abstract
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi in Chinese), which are the lateral roots of Aconitum Carmichaelii Debx, is widely used in China to treat many neurological diseases. Fuzi, in its various forms, has many neuropharmacological effects. It can act as an analgesic and help with depression, epilepsy, and dementia. However, the neuropharmacological effects of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata are seldom comprehensively reviewed. In this review, the neuropharmacological activities of some components contained in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata are considered. These include aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, total alkaloid, polysaccharide‐1, benzoylmesaconine, fuziline, songorine, and napelline. We also specifically discuss the antidepressant effects of total alkaloids and polysaccharide‐1. This review may provide a theoretical basis for further utilization of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata for diseases that affect the central nervous system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The regulation and interaction of colon cancer-associated transcript-1 and miR7-5p contribute to the inhibition of SP1 expression by solamargine in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
- Author
-
Wu, JingJing, Tang, XiaoJuan, Ma, ChangJu, Shi, Yao, Wu, WanYin, and Hann, Swei Sunny
- Subjects
RNA metabolism ,PROTEIN metabolism ,COLON tumors ,BIOLOGICAL models ,ALKALOIDS ,CELL physiology ,GENES ,CELL lines ,GENETIC techniques ,MICE ,ANIMALS - Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common head and neck malignancy with higher incidence in Southern China and Southeast Asia. Solamargine (SM), a steroidal alkaloid glycoside, has been shown to have anticancer properties. However, the underlying mechanism involved remains undetermined. In this study, we showed that SM inhibited the growth of NPC cells. Mechanistically, we found that solamargine decreased lncRNA colon cancer-associated transcript-1 (CCAT1) and increased miR7-5p expression. There was a reciprocal interaction of CCAT1 and miR7-5p. In addition, SM inhibited the expression of SP1 protein and promoter activity, which was strengthened by miR7-5p mimics and inhibited by overexpressed CCAT1. MiR7-5p could bind to 3'-UTR of SP1 and attenuated SP1 gene expression. Exogenously expressed SP1 feedback resisted SM-increased miR7-5p expression and more importantly reversed SM-inhibited growth of NPC cells. Finally, SM inhibited NPC tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, our results show that SM inhibits the growth of NPC cells through reciprocal regulation of CCAT1 and miR7-5p, followed by inhibition of SP1 gene expression in vitro and in vivo. The interregulation and correlation among CCAT1, miR7-5p and SP1, and the feedback regulatory loop unveil the novel molecular mechanism underlying the overall responses of SM in anti-NPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Foxo3a aggravates inflammation and induces apoptosis in IL-1-treated rabbit chondrocytes via positively regulating tenascin-c.
- Author
-
Fei Wang, Qiubin Wang, Ming Zhu, and Qi Sun
- Subjects
ALKALOIDS ,ANIMAL experimentation ,APOPTOSIS ,CARTILAGE cells ,CELL receptors ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,GLYCOPROTEINS ,INFLAMMATION ,PROTEINS ,RABBITS ,RNA ,T-test (Statistics) ,TRANSFERASES ,OXIDATIVE stress ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Introduction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly individuals that causes joint deformity and limb disability. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the pathogenesis of OA has been related to various mechanisms such as apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of Foxo3a in the progress of OA in an in vitro model. Materials and methods. The chondrocytes were derived from rabbit, and treated with IL-1β, which was used as an in vitro OA model. The over-expression and down-regulation of Foxo3a were achieved by transfection with overexpression vector or shRNA, respectively. The mRNA level of iNOS in chondrocytes was quantified by qPCR. Tenascin-c (Tnc) production was measured by ELISA and apoptosis-associated proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. The MTT assay was used to assess the viability of chondrocytes. Results. Foxo3a and iNOS expression were upregulated in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. Foxo3a silencing decreased iNOS expression, and inhibited apoptosis of IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. The production of Tnc was significantly increased in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes and was positively regulated by Foxo3. Importantly, extracellular addition of Tnc abrogated the protective effects of Foxo3a knockdown on IL-1β -- treated chondrocytes. Conclusion. The present study indicated that down-regulation of Foxo3a protected IL-1β-treated chondrocytes by decreasing iNOS expression and suppressing chondrocytes' apoptosis via modulating tenascin-c, which could be regarded as a potent therapeutic target for the treatment of OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Comparative nutritional characteristics of the three major Chinese Dendrobium species with different growth years.
- Author
-
Yuan, Yingdan, Yu, Maoyun, Zhang, Bo, Liu, Xin, and Zhang, Jinchi
- Subjects
DENDROBIUM ,INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma mass spectrometry ,POLYSACCHARIDES ,AMINO acid analysis ,FISHER discriminant analysis ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography - Abstract
Dendrobium, an important medicinal plant, is a source of widely used herbal medicine to nourish the stomach and treat throat inflammation. The present study is aimed at distinguishing and evaluating three major Dendrobium species by comparing physiochemical characteristics and understanding differences between different growth years in the Ta-pieh Mountains. Polysaccharides and total alkaloids of Dendrobium were determined, and the amino acids and trace elements were determined by UPLC (Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) and ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). It can be seen from the results that the polysaccharide content of these three kinds of Dendrobium in different growth years ranges from 249.31 mg·g
-1 to 547.66 mg·g-1 , and the highest content is in the 3-year-old Dendrobium huoshanense. The total alkaloid content ranges from 0.21 mg·g-1 to 0.54 mg·g-1 , and the highest content is also the 3-year-old Dendrobium huoshanense. We determined the amino acid content of these three Dendrobium in different growth years, and we can see that each of the three kinds of Dendrobium contain seven kinds of amino acids required by the human body. We conducted a safety evaluation of the essential trace elements of Dendrobium, and the results showed that the dosage of 12g·d-1 Dendrobium prescribed in China Pharmacopoeia is in accordance with the recommended daily intake of trace elements recommended by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States, and will not cause trace element poisoning. Linear discriminant analysis was carried out on the basis of amino acids and trace elements and confirmed the applicability of multi-elemental analysis for identifying different Dendrobium species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Comparative Analysis of Purine Alkaloids and Main Quality Components of the Three Camellia Species in China.
- Author
-
Zeng, Wen, Zeng, Zhen, Teng, Jie, Rothenberg, Dylan O'Neill, Zhou, Mengzhen, Lai, Ronghui, Lai, Xingfei, Zhao, Wenfang, Li, Dan, Yan, Changyu, and Huang, Yahui
- Subjects
CAMELLIAS ,CULTIVARS ,GERMPLASM ,SPECIES ,GREEN tea ,ISOQUINOLINE alkaloids ,ALKALOIDS - Abstract
Tea (Camelliasinensis var. sinensis) is a widely consumed caffeine-containing beverage, however the Camellia genus also includes other species, which are consumed as tea in their local growing regions. Presently, HPLC analysis assessed 126 unique Camellia germplasms belonging to three Camellia species, C. sinensis var. pubilimba Chang (Csp), C. gymnogyna Chang (CgC) and C. crassicolumna Chang (CcC). Theobromine was the predominant purine alkaloid in all species, representing over 90% of purine alkaloids in Csp and CgC, and 50% in CcC. Significant variability existed in purine alkaloid patterns both between and within species, and some germplasms possessed highly unique alkaloid profiles. Sensory evaluation and quality composition analysis of green tea products produced from the three Camellia species suggested their unsuitability for use in tea production due to their unpalatable flavor. The results of this study revealed the differences in purine alkaloids and main quality components between Camellia species and tea, which contributed to understand why tea, rather than other Camellia species, has become a popular beverage in the world after long-term artificial selection. In addition, unique alkaloid profiles suggest usefulness of these germplasm resources in future breeding of decaffeinated tea plant varieties and alkaloid metabolism research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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