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A apresentação explora as possibilidades de leitura da obra de Kurt Schneider a partir de uma perspectiva fenômeno-estrutural. Identificamos duas tendências gerais na apropriação das obras de autores que se posicionam fora dessa tradição: uma que tende à tradução e outra que tende à interpretação. Neste trabalho, privilegiamos a leitura interpretativa da obra de Schneider através de um movimento duplo: a análise da organização nosológica herdada de Jaspers e dos Sintomas de Primeira Ordem. A herança do dualismo empírico e da chave compreensibilidade-incompreensibilidade gera constrições que, em última instância, produzem um encavalamento entre psicopatologia e nosologia.

Este artigo desenvolve uma compreensão original do amor erótico como modo de ser, experiência vivida distinta da paixão e do sexo. Através de citações literárias, explora as condições de possibilidade do amor manifesto por sua ênfase, em diálogo aberto com referências filosóficas da tradição fenomenológica, e por sua privação, à luz das patologias do amor como derivadas de paixão e sexo: o enamoramento e a perversão sexual. O amor e suas patologias são dialeticamente relacionados com os processos vividos do amadurecimento, dos pontos de vista da psicopatologia fenômeno-estrutural e da literatura. Na sequência, o orgasmo e a arte são apresentados como expressões do amor. Conjectura-se, ainda, a possibilidade de uma terapêutica às patologias do amor por meio da abertura intersubjetiva ao amor; e, por fim, assinala-se o amor vivido, enquanto experiência dual de aprofundamento intercorporal, como superação antropológica do dualismo.

A sincronia corporal entre mãe e bebê é essencial para a formação de vínculos seguros e para o desenvolvimento emocional e psicológico da criança. A presença de dispositivos eletrônicos pode promover alterações nessa sincronia, resultando em um sistema de interação empobrecido, o que pode afetar negativamente a capacidade da criança de regular suas emoções e estabelecer conexões sociais. A partir do escopo teórico da Fenomenologia Estrutural, um modelo teórico é apresentado sobre como o uso de telas, por pais e crianças, pode afetar o desenvolvimento nos dois anos iniciais, com impacto persistente para toda a vida. Conceitualizando a importância e o papel da a proto-intersubjetividade e da intercorporeidade, o artigo propõe um mapa que correlaciona as alterações epidemiológicas apresentadas com as alterações na estrutura psíquica do bebê. Esse artigo analisa, conceitualmente, as vias pelas quais o uso de tela nos primeiros 24 meses de vida promove alterações estruturais no psiquismo da criança. A realidade atual de nossa sociedade é o uso cada vez maior de elementos de tecnologia no cotidiano. Sendo assim, ampliar a nossa compreensão desse fenômeno pode nos ajudar a propor novas configurações, mais saudáveis, para o uso de telas.

The presentation explores the possibilities of reading the work of Kurt Schneider from a phenomeno-structural perspective. We identify two general trends in the appropriation of the works of authors who position themselves outside this tradition: one that tends towards translation and another towards interpretation. In this work, we favor the interpretative reading of Schneider's work through a dual movement: the analysis of the nosological organization inherited from Jaspers and the First-Rank Symptoms. The legacy of empirical dualism and the key of comprehensibilityincomprehensibility creates constraints that ultimately produce an overlap between psychopathology and nosology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops an original understanding of erotic love as a way of being, a lived experience distinct from passion and sex. Through literary quotations, it explores the conditions of possibility for love manifest by its emphasis, in open dialogue with philosophical references from the phenomenological tradition, and by its privation, in light of the pathologies of love as derived from passion and sex: infatuation and sexual perversion. Love and its pathologies are dialectically related to the lived processes of maturation, from the perspectives of phenomenological-structural psychopathology and literature. Following this, orgasm and art are presented as expressions of love. It also conjectures the possibility of a therapy for the pathologies of love through intersubjective openness to love; and, finally, it points to lived love as a dual experience of intercorporeal deepening, and, ultimately, an anthropological overcoming of dualism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bodily synchrony between mother and baby is essential for the formation of secure attachments and for the child's emotional and psychological development. The presence of electronic devices can alter this synchrony, resulting in an impoverished interaction system, which can negatively affect the child's ability to regulate their emotions and establish social connections. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Structural Phenomenology, this article presents a theoretical model of how screen use, by both parents and children, can affect development in the first two years of life, with persistent impact throughout the lifespan. Conceptualizing the importance and role of proto-intersubjectivity and intercorporeality, the article proposes a map that correlates the presented epidemiological changes with alterations in the infant's psychic structure. This article conceptually analyzes the pathways through which screen use in the first 24 months of life promotes structural changes in the child's psyche. The current reality of our society is the increasing use of technological elements in everyday life. Therefore, broadening our understanding of this phenomenon can help us propose new, healthier configurations for screen use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, I will present Freud’s great contribution not only to the fields of neuropathology, psychiatry, and medicine in general, but I will demonstrate how his clinical research has opened a new path to understanding psychopathology. I will look at some theories about the genesis of the symptoms of hysteria and describe Freud’s scientific journey, which opened up a new perspective and gradually led to the birth of psychoanalysis. An important contribution to this topic is the multiple code theory by V. Bucci, with its three distinct principles of organization of experience. The model is applied to clinical practice and determines treatment, so it is intended to explain and intervene in the world of hysteria. The Bucci model also has critical aspects and obvious repercussions that we will examine in this article. An important contribution is that of N. McWilliams, regarding histrionic personality disorder. The structural symptom takes its rightful place here in the explanation and treatment of psychopathology. In her work there is an important transition: she moves from an explanation of linear mono causality to multi-factorial randomness. Once you have read this article, you will understand that new contributions are needed in order to comprehend psychic processes, and in order to do this we need to re-interpret psychoanalytic theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The DSM-5 replaced the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Questionnaire (WHODAS) 2.0 as a measure of functioning because of the shortcomings of the former. However, further evidence of how GAF and WHODAS 2.0 scores are correlated and how both instruments are associated with sociodemographic and clinical variables. particularly in children and adolescents, is required to support this change. Objective. To correlate GAF and WHODAS 2.0 scores in a sample of children and adolescents, and to determine which sociodemographic and clinical variables are associated with the scores of each instrument. Method. Using reports obtained from a secondary database analysis of a cross-sectional, multicentric study, we calculated the correlation between WHODAS 2.0 and GAF scores in a clinical sample of children and performed a general linear model analysis to evaluate the association between the sociodemographic and clinical variables with functioning scores. Results. Sixty-six participants completed the evaluation. The correlation between WHODAS 2.0 and GAF (r = -.69, 95% CI = [-.82, -.49], p < .001) was moderate to large and significant. Only poor peer relationships and a higher number of diagnoses were significantly associated with low functioning in both instruments. The results suggest that WHODAS 2.0 and GAF scores reflect different aspects of functioning and disability. Discussion and conclusion. Both instruments can provide an accurate assessment of disability/functionality. We propose that, for pediatric cases, WHODAS could provide more information on the self-care domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esporrò il grande contributo di Freud non solo nell’ambito della neuropatologia, della psichiatria, e della medicina in generale, ma mostrerò come egli con la sua ricerca clinica abbia aperto una strada nuova rispetto alla comprensione della psicopatologia. Prenderò in esame alcune teorie sulla genesi dei sintomi dell’isteria e descriverò il viaggio scientifico di Freud che ha aperto una nuova prospettiva portando gradualmente alla nascita della psicoanalisi. Un contributo importante è la teoria del codice multiplo di Bucci con i tre principi distinti di organizzazione dell’esperienza. Il modello viene applicato alla clinica e determina il trattamento, ha dunque lo scopo di spiegare e di intervenire sul mondo dell’isteria. Anche il modello della Bucci ha degli aspetti critici e ha delle ricadute evidenti che vedremo in questo lavoro. Un contributo enorme è quello di McWilliams, a proposito del disturbo istrionico di personalità. Il sintomo strutturale assume qui la posizione che gli spetta nella spiegazione e nella cura della psicopatologia. Nella sua opera c’è un passaggio importante: si procede da una spiegazione di mono causalità lineare verso una casualità multi fattoriale. Una volta letto questo articolo, si vedrà che è necessario fornire nuovi contributi alla comprensione dei processi psichici, e per fare questo occorre una rivisitazione delle teorie psicoanalitiche.

Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, observa-se a emergência de um debate a respeito do pouco avanço nas pesquisas sobre a mania em psicanálise. Este artigo examina duas hipóteses que elegem a nosografia como fator explicativo elementar para essa lacuna: a primeira concerne ao amplo assentimento da categoria da psicose maníaco-depressiva, ao passo que a segunda se refere à adoção indistinta de categorias divergentes pelos psicanalistas. Contrariamente a essas interpretações, mas ainda dentro do mesmo quadro de referência, pretende-se sustentar que o fator mais decisivo para tal estagnação da pesquisa situa-se nas concepções de curso do quadro incorporadas pela psicanálise. Argumenta-se que, se, por um lado, o sentido de defesa atribuído à posição invariavelmente secundária da mania na circulação com a melancolia contribuiu para a delimitação metapsicológica do quadro, por outro, ela conduziu ao estreitamento exagerado de sua psicopatologia e à correspondente redução das pesquisas sobre esses casos.

The clinical case of a 15-year-old male with a final diagnosis of schizophrenia is presented, through which an analysis of the fundamentals of classical psychiatry is carried out, particularly in relation to authors who phenomenologically approached psychosis cases initiated in youth, specifically hebephrenia. Although the concept of hebephrenia is no longer recognized as a separate subtype of schizophrenia in current classifications, the classical approach is examined to contextualize and substantiate the clinical approach to a recent case. The clinical characteristics of the classical concept of hebephrenia will be described, including early onset in puberty, the succession of oscillating affective states, rapid cognitive decline, and the presence of productive phenomena such as accessory delusions and hallucinations that change in relation to mood states. In addition, the autistic variant of hebephrenia is mentioned, characterized by isolation, apathy, brief and inadequate responses, lack of initiative, and depressive symptoms such as dysthymia with agitation. While it is important to bear in mind that the concept of hebephrenia is not recognized as a subtype in current classifications such as those of the DSM-5 or the ICD-11, this analysis allows us to understand historical perspectives and phenomenological approaches used in the past, which can assist us in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the differential characteristics in sociodemographic variables, severity of consumption, psychopathological symptomatology, life maladjustment, trauma characteristics, and post-traumatic stress symptomatology between women and men who seek treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) and have experienced lifetime physical and/or sexual abuse. Method: The sample consisted of 26 women and 31 men who had experienced physical/sexual abuse and sought treatment for SUD. Results: Women had been victims of sexual abuse in a significantly higher percentage than men. Women presented a significantly higher frequency of revictimization to another traumatic event and a significantly higher presence of avoidance symptoms than men. Conclusions: This study supports the existence of a more severe profile in women than in men with SUD who have experienced lifetime physical and/or sexual abuse. Consequently, gender-related trauma-informed practice in SUD treatment programmes should be promoted. More research in this field is needed, as this is a preliminary study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The experience of stalking presents a threat to the mental and physical health and wellbeing of victims. Although some studies have explored the impact of stalking on victims, few have gone into detail about specific mental health outcomes and their association with various types of stalking behaviour. Objective: To investigate the psychological consequences among Danish help-seeking victims of stalking who have contacted and received help through the Danish Stalking Center (DSC). Methods: We used survey-data from stalking victims who sought and received help from the DSC during 2015–2020 (N = 591). Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, T-tests, and hierarchical logistic regression analysis were used to examine psychological distress symptoms and the relationship between psychopathological symptoms and stalking behaviour characteristics. Results: Victims reported considerable levels of stalking and psychological distress. Almost 80% of victims reported symptom levels indicative of a diagnosable disorder of PTSD, depression, or anxiety. T-test shoved that following behaviour had the greatest effect size for PTSD-symptoms (t(575) = −5.81, p <.01, d = −.58), anxiety (t(576) = −4.21, p <.01, d = −.42), and somatization (t(572) = −4.29, p <.01, d = −.43). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that stalking victims who experienced following had significantly higher odds of experiencing symptoms of PTSD (OR 2.869; 95% CI, [1.641–5.016]) and anxiety (OR 2.274; 95% CI [1.265; 4.090]). Conclusion: Being stalked is associated with substantial PTSD-, affective and trauma-related symptoms and psychological distress in general. Together with the strikingly high levels of psychopathology and the particularly grave effects of being followed, it is indicated that stalking is a special type of trauma with many negative and harmful effects. Hence, further research into how to properly help stalking victims through preventive interventions and treatment is needed. Stalking is a special type of trauma with many negative and harmful effects. Being stalked is associated with substantial PTSD-, affective symptoms, functional impairment, general psychological distress, and strikingly high levels of psychopathology. Especially following behaviour has grave effects on victims' mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Investigating different approaches to operationalizing childhood adversity and how they relate to transdiagnostic psychopathology is relevant to advance research on mechanistic processes and to inform intervention efforts. To our knowledge, previous studies have not used questionnaire and interview measures of childhood adversity to examine factor-analytic and cumulative-risk approaches in a complementary manner. Objective: The first aim of this study was to identify the dimensions underlying multiple subscales from three well-established childhood adversity measures (the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Interview, and the Interview for Traumatic Events in Childhood) and to create a cumulative risk index based on the resulting dimensions. The second aim of the study was to examine the childhood adversity dimensions and the cumulative risk index as predictors of measures of depression, anxiety, and psychosis-spectrum psychopathology. Method: Participants were 214 nonclinically ascertained young adults who were administered questionnaire and interview measures of depression, anxiety, psychosis-spectrum phenomena, and childhood adversity. Results: Four childhood adversity dimensions were identified that captured experiences in the domains of Intrafamilial Adversity, Deprivation, Threat, and Sexual Abuse. As hypothesized, the adversity dimensions demonstrated some specificity in their associations with psychopathology symptoms. Deprivation was uniquely associated with the negative symptom dimension of psychosis (negative schizotypy and schizoid symptoms), Intrafamilial Adversity with schizotypal symptoms, and Threat with depression, anxiety, and psychosis-spectrum symptoms. No associations were found with the Sexual Abuse dimension. Finally, the cumulative risk index was associated with all the outcome measures. Conclusions: The findings support the use of both the empirically-derived adversity dimensions and the cumulative risk index and suggest that these approaches may facilitate different research objectives. This study contributes to our understanding of the complexity of childhood adversity and its links to different expressions of psychopathology. We investigated how different approaches to operationalizing childhood adversity relate to transdiagnostic psychopathology. Four childhood adversity dimensions were found to underlie multiple subscales from three well-established childhood adversity measures. The childhood adversity dimensions demonstrated some specificity in their associations with the psychopathology symptom domains and the cumulative risk index was associated with all the outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the book Meaning and Content of Sexual Perversions, published in 1947, Medard Boss performs a daseinsanalysis of eight clinical cases, highlighting how the alleged “perversions” would be narrowings of love’s phenomenon. This article aimed an exercise of contemporary reading of this work. We identified not only limitations of Boss’ thinking, still very stuck in the social conventions of that time, in the section “three homossexuals”, but also potentialities for a phenomenology of sexual dissidences from the fetishist patients. The acceptance of the meanings described by the subjects made it possible some ruptures with the universalizing and pathologizing models available until then, as well as made it easier other understandings of the mode-of-being of love, apprehending these sexuality expressions as possible “clearings” that allowed the subjects the access to the phenomenon of love, therefore, the opening in the relation with the world and the rupture with narrowed existential modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introdução: Os sintomas neuropsiquiátricos devidos a doenças autoimunes cerebrais são cada vez mais reconhecidos e relatados. Objetivos: Nós objetivamos fornecer uma revisão da encefalopatia autoimune, como um modelo de sintomas neuropsiquiátricos diretamente relacionados a um processo autoimune, que seja útil para a prática psiquiátrica. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, adequada para retratar o estado de arte e atualização do conhecimento sobre as manifestações psiquiátricas da encefalite autoimune. Resultados e Discussão: As apresentações clínicas das encefalites autoimunes tendem a ser uma mistura de sintomas neuropsiquiátricos e somáticos. Declínio cognitivo rápido e inexplicável, psicose, catatonia, e delirium estão entre os sintomas mais comuns. A catatonia ocorre em aproximadamente 1/3 dos casos, com predominância de sintomas hipocinéticos. As anormalidades eletroencefalográficas e liquóricas são usualmente inespecíficas, complicando mais o diagnóstico diferencial. Apenas em 30% dos casos ocorrem anormalidades na ressonância magnética. Conclusão: Os psiquiatras são cruciais na identificação, diagnóstico e cuidado de indivíduos com doenças como a encefalite autoimune e no tratamento de sequelas neurocomportamentais de longo prazo.

Introdução: O conhecimento sobre a neurobiologia dos transtornos psiquiátricos tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, da mesma forma que a psicofarmacologia tem gerado novos insights sobre o mecanismo de ação e aplicação de antipsicóticos modernos. Objetivo: A quetiapina se destaca como uma das principais e mais difundidas moléculas do grupo, razão pela qual merece ser mais bem compreendida nos seus vários aspectos, motivo dessa atualização. Método: Conduzimos uma breve revisão e atualização sobre vários aspectos da quetiapina, desde componentes de sua ação farmacológica, efeitos colaterais recentemente descritos, até novas indicações na psiquiatria moderna. Resultados: A molécula quetiapina é muito versátil, tendo amplo espectro de ações e indicações, não se restringindo à sua classe de antipsicótico e extrapolando para situações clínicas como insônia, depressão unipolar e bipolar, transtornos de ansiedade, transtorno de personalidade limítrofe, delirium, abuso de substâncias comórbidas, e outras. A quetiapina tem efeitos hipnóticos em doses baixas, efeitos sobre o humor em doses intermediárias e efeitos antipsicóticos em doses mais altas. Sua segurança na gravidez e amamentação, bem como na infância e em idosos, amplia ainda mais seu conjunto de indicações. Cuidados devem ser tomados com a síndrome de descontinuação e com seus efeitos metabólicos, mas a sedação e o ganho de peso são seus principais efeitos colaterais. Conclusões: A quetiapina se revela uma molécula altamente útil para várias condições psiquiátricas que representam problemas de saúde pública, dada sua prevalência global. Sua segurança e boa tolerabilidade, além de amplo espectro de indicações, a tornam uma molécula promissora para uso desde a atenção básica até cenários clínicos de transtornos psiquiátricos graves e resistentes aos tratamentos convencionais.

No livro Sentido e Conteúdo das Perversões Sexuais, publicado em 1947, Medard Boss realiza uma daseinsanálise de oito casos clínicos, destacando como as supostas “perversões” seriam estreitamentos do fenômeno do amor. Este artigo objetivou realizar um exercício de releitura contemporânea desta obra. Identificamos não só limitações do pensamento de Boss, ainda muito preso a convenções sociais da época, na seção “três homossexuais”, mas também potencialidades para uma fenomenologia das dissidências sexuais a partir dos casos dos pacientes fetichistas. O acolhimento dos sentidos descritos pelos sujeitos possibilitou rupturas com os modelos universalizantes e patologizantes até então disponíveis, bem como facilitou outras compreensões do modo de existência amoroso, apreendendo essas expressões de sexualidade enquanto possíveis “clareiras” que permitiram aos sujeitos o acesso ao fenômeno do amor, isto é, a abertura na relação com o mundo e a ruptura com modos existenciais engessados.

Resumen Introducción/Antecedentes: Existe todavía una insuficiente evidencia científica sobre los efectos psicológicos/psicopatológicos y emocionales de las interrupciones voluntarias del embarazo (IVE), especialmente en nuestro entorno. Los estudios previos sobre el tema se caracterizan por 1) ofrecer resultados dispares, 2) estudiar depresión, ansiedad, trastorno por estrés postraumático y abuso de sustancias, pero al mismo tiempo 3) existen cuestiones metodológicas que limitan la generalización de los resultados. Objetivos: Describir una muestra de mujeres de población general que realizaron una IVE en un servicio público de Atención a la Sexual y Reproductiva (ASSIR) de Catalunya. Métodos: Estudio piloto de pacientes provenientes de población general y atendidas en nuestras consultas de Ginecología del Servicio de Atención a la Salud Sexual y Reproductiva (ASSIR) de Osona a Vic (Barcelona). Las pacientes fueron evaluadas siguiendo escalas estandarizadas, incluyendo la MINI (Mini Psychiatric Interview) y la Escala de Depresión de Hamilton. El seguimiento fue durante cuatro meses. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Hasta 23 mujeres fueron incluidas en la muestra piloto. La edad media era joven (31.4 años). La mayoría (62.5%) estaban activas laboralmente y tenías estudios equivalentes al bachillerato o superiores (52.2%). El 26.1% habían tenido IVE previas. La IVE actual fue mayoritariamente farmacológica (73.9%). El principal motivo fue su voluntad (86.9%). Tres mujeres puntuaron más de 7 puntos en la Escala de Depresión de Hamilton. La entrevista diagnóstica MINI identificó diez mujeres con criterios para enfermedad mental en ese momento. De estas diez mujeres, seis no tenían antecedentes familiares ni personales de enfermedad mental, mientras que cuatro ya tenían antecedentes personales de alguna patología mental y ya habían consultado anteriormente en alguna ocasión al Servicio de Psiquiatría. Tras la IVE, durante los siguientes cuatro meses, solo una paciente consultó al Servicio de Psicología y fue dada de alta posteriormente. En el resto la sintomatología se autolimitó sin ninguna intervención específica. Conclusiones: En torno a las IVE se produce un impacto psicológico que, en ocasiones, puede presentarse con síntomas de un trastorno mental similar a los que suceden en otros períodos. Sin embargo, en nuestra muestra, los síntomas se autolimitan en las semanas posteriores al IVE.

Este artigo foi produzido a partir da monografia “Fenômeno Psicótico, uma visão da fenomenologia: algumas considerações”, apresentada como conclusão do curso de graduação em Psicologia para a Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais em dezembro de 2016. Possui como objetivo conhecer a leitura da fenomenologia sobre a saúde mental, teoria pouco difundida na universidade. Para realização deste estudo exploratório, a metodologia empregada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica realizada em periódicos com temática pertinente a este trabalho, buscando na produção de artigos de terceiros a contribuição de três autores, a saber: Karl Jaspers, Martin Heidegger e Ludwig Binswanger. Cada teoria tem em sua contribuição um caráter essencial para a construção de uma visão da doença mental, na medida em que seus estudos e pesquisas geraram conhecimentos sobre a doença. O que se percebe é que a mudança da percepção do sujeito doente gera também mudanças na maneira de tratá-los.

Mental disorders are problems that require effective and relevant attention, as well as the association between variables to achieve their overcoming through interventions and to increase the well-being of those who present them. The objective of the study is to determine the association between mental disorders and crimes committed against members of the family group or not by people declared not imputable who were interned in the institute. With a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, retrospective cross-sectional and correlational scope, we worked with a population of 76 participants, mostly men, in middle adulthood, mestizo, single, from urban areas, with primary education level and low socio-economic condition; The main diagnosis was schizophrenia and the crime of violence against women or members of the family nucleus, the victims being generally the parents of the aggressors; no statistically significant association was found between mental disorders and crimes committed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of sexuality, traditionally studied by dualistic explanatory theories, is of the domain of being in general. Hence the need for an a priori foundation of sexual experience as a possibility inherent in the human condition. Firstly, we revisit the sciences of the 19th (Krafft-Ebing’s work and neurobiological models of sexual response) and 20th centuries (Freud’s psychoanalysis), and on the other end of the epistemological spectrum of sexuality, Kenzaburo Oe’s literature. Then, we designate chapter 5 of MerleauPonty’s Phenomenology of Perception as the foundational writing of the sexual being. Using the phenomenological method, Merleau-Ponty conceives sexuality as an original intentional form, pre-reflectively anchored in the consciousness and conditioned by corporeal intersubjectivity. The conception of the sexual being points to a (signification) link between existence and sexuality. Lastly, as evidence of and access way to the sexual being, we present two application cases of sexuality phenomenology in psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate psychological distress and psychopathological symptoms in patients recovered from COVID-19. For this purpose, we worked with a mixed, quali-quantitative methodology. Method: A total of 131 adults between 21 and 76 years of age (68,7 % had suffered COVID-19) participated in the study, completing a personal questionnaire and the Symptom Check-List-90-R [SCL-90-R]. In addition, 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted with recovered COVID-19 patients who had to be hospitalized because of the disease. Results: The results indicated that participants who recovered from COVID-19 reported higher levels of distress and psychopathological symptoms after their recovery, compared to participants who did not contract the disease. Statistically significant differences (p < 0,05) were found for almost all indicators, except for Interpersonal Sensitivity and Paranoid Ideation (p = 0,06). Additionally, patients who were hospitalized but not given assisted breathing interventions showed higher indicators for Somatization and Obsessions and Compulsions compared to the group that was hospitalized with a ventilator (p < 0,05). Furthermore, the qualitative analysis suggests that hospitalized participants experienced distress and different consequences from hospitalization and the disease. Discussions: The results are in line with what has been reported in the literature and suggest the importance of psychological support as a complement to physical recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Persiste la necesidad de dirigir investigaciones científicas que permitan ampliar la comprensión de las características psicosociales y patológicas de los estudiantes adolescentes con discapacidad motora. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar la prevalencia de los factores sexo, edad, gravedad y causa de la discapacidad física con relación a las características psicosociales de los adolescentes con deficiencia motora de la provincia de Manabí en Ecuador. La muestra está integrada por 100 estudiantes con edades entre 11 a 19 años, de sexo femenino y masculino; todos diagnosticados con diversos grados de discapacidad motora. Durante el periodo 2018-2020 se administraron instrumentos de medición que permitieron determinar que las participantes de sexo femenino reportan conductas de autocontrol con mayor frecuencia que los participantes de sexo masculino, pero ellas reportan mayor ansiedad social que los de sexo masculino. Ellas tienen mayores percepciones de soporte emocional, amor y afecto; mientras que ellos tienen mayor participación en victimización, agresión y victimización agresiva. El grupo entre 16 y 19 años mostró mayor perseverancia, y el grupo entre 11 y 13 años presentó mayor nivel de victimización. Se concluye que los participantes que tienen discapacidad motora grave reportaron mayor autoestima y los que tienen discapacidad leve presentaron más somatización y ansiedad ante los hechos cotidianos suscitados en el plantel.

A lo largo de la tradición psicopatológica, incluso de la pre-fenomenológica, se encuentra la categorización del delirio como creencia. Jaspers asumió ese uso y lo fundó fenomenológico-existencialmente, definiendo su carácter de convicción. El concepto de creencia ha tenido un largo recorrido dentro de la historia del pensamiento, aunque recientemente se ha intensificado el debate acerca de la visión doxástica del delirio. En virtud de lo ya mencionado, en el presente artículo presentamos un análisis conceptual de la creencia, con el objetivo de identificar de manera precisa los aspectos esenciales que permiten al delirio definirse según ella. De esta manera, se discutirán algunas de las principales incursiones realizadas en el concepto desde la antigüedad periplatónica hasta José Ortega y Gasset, remarcando en cada pensador las directrices esenciales de su aproximación a la creencia. A su vez, introducir al filósofo español al debate psicopatológico permitirá incluir en la discusión dos aspectos importantes que creemos pueden ser fructíferos para la discusión filosófica sobre el delirio: la diferencia entre ideas y creencias, y la vitalidad de estas últimas. Finalmente, hacemos referencia al actual debate pro- y antidoxástico, haciendo hincapié en la necesidad de considerar la amplitud del concepto de creencia en su genealogía histórica. Con base en ello estaríamos en condición de acercarnos a la visión doxástica moderada que han defendido autoras como Lisa Bortolotti.

En el presente artículo realizamos un análisis del estatus ontológico de la noción de psicopatología que se deriva de cuatro aproximaciones metodológicas a su estudio, a saber: aproximación psiquiátrica, fenomenológico-existencial, constructivista-histórica y antipsiquiátrica. Por medio de una metodología de revisión bibliográfica sistematizada y siguiendo el marco de trabajo metaframework ReSiste-CHS (Revisiones Sistematizadas en Ciencias Humanas y Sociales), sostendremos que dicha noción presenta divergencias en al menos tres puntos: (i) la relevancia de la sintomatología como característica, (ii) la existencia o inexistencia del sufrimiento psíquico y (iii) la relevancia de los factores sociales en su configuración. En el apartado introductorio abordaremos las consideraciones históricas generales relacionadas con el estudio de los trastornos mentales. En el segundo apartado nos referiremos a la metodología empleada para la realización del artículo. En el tercer apartado expondremos los rasgos fundamentales de las cuatro metodologías de estudio mencionadas anteriormente, dividiendo la descripción en los siguientes puntos: orientación, etiología, clasificación, diagnóstico y tratamiento. En el cuarto apartado contrastaremos los conceptos de psicopatología que pueden ser extraídos de ellas. A modo de conclusión, propondremos una sistematización de las condiciones mínimas que debe cumplir una noción de psicopatología que sea fructífera desde un punto de vista teórico y práctico. Estas condiciones incluyen un posicionamiento crítico ante los extremos reduccionista y relativista, la consideración del sufrimiento psíquico como rasgo constitutivo y núcleo fundamental de este género de experiencia, así como una dimensión ética relacionada con su abordaje. Por último, mostraremos algunas limitaciones y futuras directrices que se derivan del trabajo realizado.

This study had the purpose to investigate the phenomenon of medicalization in adults in the mental health field in a Brazilian context, problematizing the use of medications as the main tool to handle psychic suffering, with Foucault's concept of biopower and contributions of Amarante for the mental health field. The chosen method was the integrative literature review of published scientific articles, in Capes Portal of Journals and scientific electronic library SciELO and PePSIC, between 2011-2021. The collected data was managed by content analysis as a method. The medicalization and its main pillars was pointed as a limited logic of the subjectives and political-economic current system maintainers; as well as the correlation between the indiscriminate use of medications and suffering individualization, reducing the wealth of care. Therefore, contributes for a desmedicalization process and anti-asylum conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el malestar psicológico y los síntomas psicopatológicos en pacientes recuperados de COVID-19. Se trabajó con metodología mixta, cuali-cuantitativa. Método: Participaron del estudio 131 adultos de entre 21 y 76 años (68,7 % habían padecido COVID-19), quienes completaron un cuestionario personal y el Inventario de Síntomas de Derogatis Revisado [SCL 90-R]. Adicionalmente se efectuaron 10 entrevistas semi-estructuradas en pacientes recuperados de COVID-19 que debieron hospitalizarse a causa de la enfermedad. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que los participantes recuperados de COVID-19 reportaban mayores niveles de malestar y síntomas psicopatológicos luego de su recuperación, en comparación con los participantes que no contrajeron la enfermedad. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) para casi todos los indicadores, a excepción de Sensibilidad interpersonal e Ideación paranoide (p = 0,06). Además, los pacientes que fueron hospitalizados, pero no fueron intervenidos con respiración asistida, presentaron indicadores más altos para Somatizaciones y para Obsesiones y compulsiones en comparación al grupo que fue internado con respirador (p < 0,05). Complementariamente, el análisis cualitativo sugiere que los participantes hospitalizados experimentaron malestar y distintas consecuencias por la internación y la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Los resultados están en línea con lo reportado en la literatura y sugieren la importancia de la contención psicológica como complementaria a la recuperación física.

O fenômeno da sexualidade, cujo estudo é historicamente consagrado por teorias explicativas dualistas, pertence ao domínio do ser em geral. Daí, a necessidade da fundação a priori da experiência sexual enquanto possibilidade inerente à condição humana. Primeiramente, revisitamos as ciências dos séculos XIX (a obra de Krafft-Ebing e os modelos neurobiológicos da resposta sexual) e XX (a psicanálise de Freud), e, na outra ponta do espectro epistemológico do tema sexual, a literatura de Kenzaburo Oe. Então, nomeamos o capítulo V da Fenomenologia da Percepção, de Merleau-Ponty, como escrito de fundação do ser sexual. Em método fenomenológico, concebe a sexualidade como forma intencional original, ancorada pré-reflexivamente na consciência e condicionada pela intersubjetividade corporal. A concepção do ser sexual, afinal, aponta para a ligação (de significação) entre existência e sexualidade. Por fim, como evidência e via de acesso ao ser sexual, apresentamos dois quadros de aplicação da fenomenologia da sexualidade na psicopatologia.

El bebé nace con un sistema nervioso por hacer; pero con un dispositivo básico cuya finalidad es vincularse al adulto encargado de cuidarlo, y aprovechar la interacción con él para ir integrando su funcionamiento, de modo que todos sus componentes participen cuando conviene, según las demandas del entorno, regulando el ánimo, la conducta y la actividad de los sistemas corporales de un modo que garantice una buena adaptación y un estado saludable. La proliferación de las prolongaciones neuronales que construirá las redes que hacen funcionar el cerebro se produce de un modo automático, gracias a un programa genético; pero la poda de esas conexiones, destinada a incrementar su eficiencia, no es algo tan espontáneo; depende mucho más de las experiencias ambientales, entre las que tienen una importancia capital las relaciones interpersonales. Cuando las interacciones con los demás proporcionan experiencias de seguridad y unos estados emocionales regulados, las redes neurales van adquiriendo un funcionamiento integrado, en el que cada área y núcleo cerebral contribuye al mantenimiento de un estado físico y psíquico saludable. Por el contrario, cuando los niños y niñas viven experiencias de abandono o negligencia, o bien sufren interacciones marcadas por el abuso emocional, físico o sexual, se producen alteraciones del neurodesarrollo que reducirán las posibilidades de que el sistema nervioso logre un funcionamiento integrado. Todas las formas de maltrato hacen que algunas áreas del cerebro no logren completar su desarrollo, o pierdan capacidad para conectarse con el resto; mientras que otras aumentan tanto su protagonismo y sus conexiones, que tienden a dominar la actividad neural haciendo que gobiernen el funcionamiento mental. El maltrato y la negligencia producen de este modo problemas para mantener un funcionamiento integrado del sistema nervioso; y esta falta de integración acabará perjudicando de por vida la salud mental y física de quien los ha sufrido.

The goal of this research was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale - Brief Form - 2.0 (LPFS-BF-2.0) in Brazilian samples. Therefore, two samples were used in this study, one with 415 and the other with 1,011 Brazilians. Participants completed the Brazilian version of the LPFS-BF-2.0 and other measures of common mental disorder symptoms, suicide risk, the severity of personality pathology, and pathological personality traits. The results indicated that the two-factor model (including self-functioning and interpersonal functioning domains) fits the Brazilian samples better than a one-factor model. The LPFS-BF-2.0 scales indicated adequate reliability coefficients and evidence of convergent validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The official classification of personality disorders in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) remains categorical. However, a dimensional alternative for personality disorders is presented as an emerging model. The model is organized in five higher order domains (Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition and Psychoticism), with relationships with the Big Five Model of Personality, strongly established within the Personality Psychology. The proposal also includes 25 facets or second-order traits, included within the main domains. Domains and facets represent psychopathological traits with clinical relevance. To assess this model, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was developed. PID-5 has two forms: extensive (220 items) that assesses domains and facets, and brief (25 items) that assesses only the domains. In a previous study, evidence for a short version (31 items) adapted to the Argentine population was provided, that overcomes some of the limitations of the original one. In this work, the psychometric properties of a reduced and modified version of the PID-5 are studied, which allows evaluating five domains and 25 facets, through a reduced number of items (108). We worked with a non-probabilistic sample of n = 525 subjects from the general population, who answered the adapted version of the PID-5 and the Adjectives Checklist to Assess the Big Five Personality Factors (AEP), a Big Five Model measure. The following data analyses were performed: (1) Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis to evaluate the internal structure of PID-5; (2) reliability analysis to assess the internal consistency of the PID-5 scales; (3) item analysis to assess discriminating power; (4) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to examine significant differences due to gender and age; and (5) bivariate correlation analysis to analyze PID-5 convergent validity. The results provided evidence of validity and reliability. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis suggested a five-factor structure. The facets presented factor loadings in the domain theoretically expected, with some exceptions: Suspiciousness (loaded in Psychoticism), Hostility (loaded in Disinhibition), Depressivity (loaded in Detachment) and Insensitivity (loaded in Detachment). CFA also suggested a good model fit (CFI = .98; RMSEA = .04; SRMR = 0.083). Psychoticism, Detachment, and Disinhibition facets had their higher factor loadings in the expected domain. Negative affectivity showed higher correlations with the rest of the scales. Internal consistency was satisfactory, especially at the domain level, and the items had good discrimination indices. Correlations with the corresponding of the Big Five factors were observed, similar to previous studies. The five PID-5 domains were also found positively correlated. Additionally, gender and age differences were found. In line with previous literature, results suggest that some facets scales are “pure” markers of these domains (e. g., Psychoticism and Antagonism facets), whereas others (e. g., Negative Affectivity facets such as Depressiveness, Suspicion, Hostility), are located “in between” domains since they share features of more than one domain. Psychoticism facets presented higher loadings in their domains and lower in the rest. This is not surprising; although most of psychopathology cannot be understood as categories, schizophyte and Schizotypal Personality Disorder are exceptions, and Psychoticism would be the representation of these categories in the APA model. Findings also provide evidence of convergent validity for the instrument, as well as theorical evidence regarding the relationship between normal and pathological personality traits. This version can be used to evaluate the model, both in research and clinical practice. It has advantages over the original longer version, in terms of administration time and participants’ fatigue, while maintaining its psychometric properties. The results are also expected to contribute to the recent literature on the dimensional approach to personality psychopathology. However, complementary studies, particularly with a clinical population, are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Experiencing psychological problems during childhood and adolescence is common. However, the detection of behaviors as symptoms of psychopathologies requiring clinical diagnosis and treatment remains low. In order to advance understanding of psychological phenomena and particularly their behavioral manifestations, new theoretical and methodological perspectives such as network analysis are applied. Method: In the present study, we explore the dynamics of the symptoms of different internalizing, externalizing, and personal-contextual problems using network analysis. We estimate networks of regularized partial correlations, including measures of standard centrality, and the global and structural impact of symptoms on each network. Results: The results show that the syndromes we studied are activated through dynamics of symptoms that are strongly related to each other and act as intermediaries of potential psychopathological problems in children and adolescents (e.g., "feels sad," "worries," "won't talk," "nausea," "threatens others," "steals outside"). Centrality measures and impact coefficient ranges were strength (-2.39, 2.05), betweenness (-1.43, 3.38), closeness (-2.60, 2.23), and expected influence (-2.87, 2.13). Conclusions: The results suggest the need to explore attribute dynamics as well as symptomatic comorbidity between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exposure to natural disaster media coverage is associated with mental health problems, but its long-term impacts are still unclear. Also, no study has analysed the psychological impact of exposure to natural disaster media coverage among children who are generally sensitive to threatening events. Objective: We aimed to examine how television images of victims after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake were associated with mental health among children and their parents. Methods: In 2012, questionnaires for sociodemographic factors were distributed to 2053 families. Parents who provided written consent were contacted in 2013 and invited to provide information on mental health problems (outcome) and retrospectively provide information on television watching at the time of the earthquake (exposure). We used data from 159 parents who completed the survey as the final sample. We used a dichotomous variable to evaluate exposure to media coverage. Multivariable regression was used to examine the association between exposure to television images of victims and mental health, adjusting for potential confounders. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs) were used. Results: Exposure to television images of victims was significantly associated with worse psychopathology among children (β, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.07–2.96) and greater psychological distress among their parents (β, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.28–2.70). Child psychopathology and parental psychological distress were significantly correlated (r = 0.36, p <.001). Conclusions: Exposure to television images of disaster victims may produce long-term impacts on mental health among children and their parents. To reduce the likelihood of mental health problems associated with disasters, clinicians may recommend reducing exposure to television images of victims. Television images of victims after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake were associated with worse psychopathology among children in 2013, adjusted for potential confounders. Similar associations were found in psychological distress among their parents. Child psychopathology and parental psychological distress were correlated with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has a prevalence of 3-4% in women, rising to 15-19% in the presence of risks during pregnancy or childbirth, and reaching 39% in the case of neonatal death. Perinatal complications can trigger a real or perceived threat to maternal or neonatal life, which can evoke intense emotional reactions equivalent to a traumatic stressor according to PTSD criteria. Four symptom clusters have been identified: re-experiencing, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, and hyperarousal symptoms. Despite its high comorbidity with depression and anxiety, postpartum PTSD remains underdiagnosed in maternal settings. The Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale, originally developed in England, is in the process of translation and global validation. Objective: To validate the Spanish adaptation of the City Birth Trauma Scale. Methods: Quantitative, nonexperimental, cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study in a sample of 677 Argentine women with children under 12 months of age. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed two dimensions that explained 49.56% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure. The scale showed high internal consistency (total α = 0.903), with α = 0.872 for ‘birth-related symptoms’ and α = 0.886 for ‘general symptoms’. Construct validity of the City BiTS was demonstrated by moderate associations with the DASS-21 subscales and a negative correlation with the BIEPS-A. Conclusions: The Spanish adaptation of the City Birth Trauma Scale is confirmed as a reliable and valid instrument, consistent with original research findings and subsequent validations, articulating postpartum PTSD in two symptom categories: birth-related and general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emotion regulation involves the modulation of emotional experiences to facilitate goal attainment. Conversely, emotional difficulties are a pattern of emotional experiences and expressions that interfere with goal-directed behavior. Objectives: Design a new model to predict the presence of depression in women during pregnancy. Methods: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, explanatory study of depression in women during pregnancy (logistic regression) considering the variables emotional intelligence, parental care, anxiety and stress. The sample consisted of 273 pregnant women-mothers between 14 and 38 weeks pregnant, aged between 18 and 38 years, for a mean of 25.67 years (SD=5.8). Results: The regression model is valid and significant in predicting the probability of occurrence of depression, explaining 82.4% of the variance of DV (Presence of depression) by the variables age, clarity and repair of depression dimensions. emotional intelligence, the maternal and paternal overprotection dimensions, and paternal care of the parental style variables; stress, work and single marital status. There is a 95.2% probability of success in the depression result when each of the model variables is incorporated. Conclusions: The best predictors of depression in pregnancy would be, on the one hand, higher levels or values of the variables and indicators age, reparation, maternal overprotection, paternal care, and stress, and on the other hand, low scores in the dimensions and values of clarity variables, and paternal overprotection; added to whether the woman works and is single. This combination of variables would be the individual and contextual conditions that influence said appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Telos is the property of Revista Telos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cognitio - Revista de Filosofia is the property of Cognitio - Revista de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As experiências anômalas (EA) são experiências psíquicas inusitadas, não necessariamente patológicas, que ocorrem em contextos espirituais e religiosos. Esse estudo explora o surgimento de EA, suas características e repercussões psíquicas, com base na análise qualitativa do relato autobiográfico de médiuns espíritas. Dez sujeitos foram selecionados e submetidos a um questionário sociodemográfico e a entrevista semiestruturada. As EA surgiram, majoritariamente, na infância e na adolescência dos entrevistados, sendo vagas e associadas a medo, ansiedade e falta de controle, muitas vezes, remetendo à “loucura”. Experiências alucinatórias de natureza visual, auditiva e tátil foram descritas de forma marcantemente heterogênea, indicando a importância dos componentes subjetivos e imaginativos, bem como sugerindo que a manifestação de vivências de natureza psicótica ocorra dentro de um campo dimensional complexo.

Introducción: la epilepsia es una condición patológica cerebral crónica que se manifiesta por crisis recurrentes que pueden corresponder a movimientos involuntarios focales o generalizados. Objetivo: identificar los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos asociados a los pacientes con epilepsia del Municipio de Cifuentes. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo, longitudinal retrospectivo sobre trastornos neuropsiquiátricos en pacientes con diagnóstico de epilepsia del Municipio de Cifuentes, de la Provincia de Villa Clara, en el período comprendido de octubre de 2013 a octubre de 2019. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 39 pacientes y coincide con la muestra de estudio. Resultados: el 58,97% de los pacientes tenían tomografía axial computadorizada de cráneo simple patológica. El electroencefalograma mostró un 92,30% patológico, predominaron los paroxismos temporales, los signos de irritación cortical bilateral y los signos de sufrimiento cortical. En la prueba de Bender en todos los pacientes se evidencian índices de enfermedad orgánica (46,15% moderado, el 53,84% con síntomas depresivos con un funcionamiento neurótico, ideas suicidas en el 64,10% y el 74,35% de los pacientes presentan trastorno de personalidad). Conclusiones: los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos están asociados a la epilepsia y predominaron el sexo masculino, el grupo etario adulto mayor y la politerapia como tratamiento antiepiléptico. La totalidad de la muestra presentó trastornos psicopáticos y se evidenció un índice de enfermedad orgánica de moderado a severo, la ansiedad se destacó como estado y la depresión se presentó con un predominio de funcionamiento neurótico y moderada distimia.