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In the current media environment, John Durham Peters emphasizes the importance of non-verbal communication and notes that underpinned by digital technology, “media” is returning to its original meaning as the milieu that surrounds living beings. To concretize and critically discuss this idea, this paper examines the artworks created by the authors, which incorporate microorganisms into digital technology. These works applied luminous bacteria as ink to digitally screen print text and images. The first work, A Medium for Images or Luminous Bacteria (2022), prints Japanese text with luminous bacteria ink. The second work, ‘イ(I)’ (1926) by BioLuminescent Bacteria (2024), recreates the first image in the history of Japanese television, ‘イ(I)’, with luminous bacteria. This paper compares and analyzes these practices in light of classical media theory, including the work of William Ivins Jr. and Marshall McLuhan. The paper introduces another work, Grow.|Glow. (2023), to further expand the discussion to contemporary digital media. Finally, drawing on the recent arguments of Anna Tsing and Antonio Damasio, we elucidate the critical implications that the works of luminous bacteria bring to the current media environment.

We explore whether there are value preferences of creative workers in addition to tolerance and how these value preferences vary among different occupation categories and countries. We use a dataset of 1968 and 1076 observations in China and the U.S., respectively, from the World Values Survey dataset (2017–2020, wave 7) (WVS 7), with a Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) and Multinomial Logit Model (MLM) at the micro level. The findings reveal that (1) the Chinese sample is more likely to have a balanced preference of tolerance towards migrants, religions, and homosexuality, while the American sample's preference of tolerance is much more likely to be interpreted as accepting homosexuality only; (2) the American sample also shows preferences towards responsibility, technology, work style, and political actions, while a preference for happiness and political actions is identified in the Chinese sample; and (3) with a higher level of creativity, the difference regarding understanding of tolerance is more likely to be highlighted between China and the U.S. This study provides a quite unconventional perspective for understanding the composition of preferences and, to a certain extent, reconciles the inconsistency between the theoretical advocacy of building up a selected milieu and the reality of creative workers' blended value mix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the progressive definition of his idea of mediology, Régis Debray (inventor of the term) compares himself several times with the lesson of Marshall McLuhan. It is a respectful but also polemical comparison. In his Introduction à la médiologie, Debray devotes an entire chapter to deconstructing the well-known formula "The medium is the message", highlighting its over-simplification on the one hand, and its semantic strength and complexity on the other. This article sets out to retrace the points of contact and divergence between the two great scholars, attempting to highlight how the French thinker has re-read and taken up the assumptions of Understanding media and other McLuhan works, starting from the very concept of medium. Indeed, Debray has his peculiar idea of the medium, which only partly overlaps with McLuhan's. If for McLuhan it is - as an extension - traceable in every artefact, be it tangible or intangible, and is therefore given, for Debray, the medium does not exist per se but is given from time to time, depending on the object of study. In the Introduction, he tends to separate the two interpretations systematically, sometimes forcing his hand even from a lexical point of view and accentuating a difference that, on closer inspection, is not so wide. Debray's enucleation of the concepts of milieu and mediation is also interesting. The former represents, for the French scholar, the safe conduct for the accusations of determinism, which have often affected the Mcluhanian theoretical framework. The milieu is what filters - culturally, politically, socially, technologically - every new technical introduction, allowing (or preventing) it to become part of the material and symbolic universe of the human being. Mediation, on the other hand, is the cornerstone of Debrayan reflection: it is to it, much more than to the medium, that the prefix medium- of the word mediology refers. Richard Grusin, who owes much to McLuhan, spoke a few years ago of "radical mediation", underlining the importance of mediation for the very definition of the individual's identity. How is the idea of mediation dealt with in McLuhan's thought? The article also attempts to question this aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text focuses on the nature of the relationship between Si Mohammed, a blacksmith in southern Morocco, and the diverse life-forms that inhabit the forge-in-activity during the making of a steel beater. The notion of milieu enables us to examine the co-construction of milieus and subjects, themselves considered fluid. Through a material and sensory-affective-motor approach to the reciprocal production of objects and subjects, coupled with the notion of affordance, we explore two dimension of the blacksmith’s skilled practice: temperance and the exercise of authority, but also mathematical and scientific knowledge.

Abstract Objectives Teenage pregnancy and motherhood is a crucial problem in countries of the World Health Organisation Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO–EMR). The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the phenomenon of adolescent childbearing in ten countries according to social determinants like milieu (rural–urban), education level, wealth quintiles, territoriality (countries, regions) and nationality. Methods Inequity in terms of adolescent childbearing was analysed using disaggregated data given by Demographic Health Surveys (DHS), UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and the Pan Arab Project for Family Health (PAPFAM) surveys. Beside the absolute differences (gaps) and relative differences (ratios), the index of dissimilarity (ID) was used to compare the distributions of adolescent pregnancy and motherhood by social determinants in each country. Results Data analysis indicates that the average percentage of adolescent women aged 15–19 years who have begun childbearing shows a large difference between countries, varying from 0.4% in Tunisia to 15.1% in Sudan, combined with huge gaps within each country as indicated by the values of the index of dissimilarity. Poor, rural and non-educated adolescent girls are more exposed to teenage childbearing than their counterparts—rich, urban and educated girls. Conclusion According to different social determinants, sensible variations are seen in terms of adolescent pregnancy and motherhood within the ten countries considered in this study. This is a clear appeal to decision makers to reduce child marriage and pregnancy by acting on social determinants of health, targeting disadvantaged girls coming mainly from marginalised groups and poor families living in remote rural zones.

Why do armed groups choose terrorism? Within political science, the prevailing approach to explaining this choice is known as the strategic model. It assumes that terrorist groups make rational calculations of costs and benefits to decide whether to use terrorism, and that the choice is predicated on the goal of winning material concessions from an opponent. This article challenges this view by introducing a distinction between possession goals and milieu goals, drawing from research on the foreign policy goals of states by Arnold Wolfers. It argues that some specific types of terrorist groups may be more oriented towards achieving milieu goals - defined here as non-material, non-exclusive efforts aimed at shaping the international environment - than possession goals, such as concessions over territory or political power. Expanding the typology of terrorist goals to include milieu goals helps to address some of the persistent puzzles around the rationality of terrorism and raises new questions for theoretical and empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African & Mediterranean Journal of Architecture & Urbanism (AMJAU) is the property of Ecole Nationale d'Architecture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We explore whether there are value preferences of creative workers in addition to tolerance and how these value preferences vary among different occupation categories and countries. We use a dataset of 1968 and 1076 observations in China and the U.S., respectively, from the World Values Survey dataset (2017–2020, wave 7) (WVS 7), with a Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) and Multinomial Logit Model (MLM) at the micro level. The findings reveal that (1) the Chinese sample is more likely to have a balanced preference of tolerance towards migrants, religions, and homosexuality, while the American sample’s preference of tolerance is much more likely to be interpreted as accepting homosexuality only; (2) the American sample also shows preferences towards responsibility, technology, work style, and political actions, while a preference for happiness and political actions is identified in the Chinese sample; and (3) with a higher level of creativity, the difference regarding understanding of tolerance is more likely to be highlighted between China and the U.S. This study provides a quite unconventional perspective for understanding the composition of preferences and, to a certain extent, reconciles the inconsistency between the theoretical advocacy of building up a selected milieu and the reality of creative workers’ blended value mix.

Objectives: Teenage pregnancy and motherhood is a crucial problem in countries of the World Health Organisation Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO–EMR). The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the phenomenon of adolescent childbearing in ten countries according to social determinants like milieu (rural–urban), education level, wealth quintiles, territoriality (countries, regions) and nationality. Methods: Inequity in terms of adolescent childbearing was analysed using disaggregated data given by Demographic Health Surveys (DHS), UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and the Pan Arab Project for Family Health (PAPFAM) surveys. Beside the absolute differences (gaps) and relative differences (ratios), the index of dissimilarity (ID) was used to compare the distributions of adolescent pregnancy and motherhood by social determinants in each country. Results: Data analysis indicates that the average percentage of adolescent women aged 15–19 years who have begun childbearing shows a large difference between countries, varying from 0.4% in Tunisia to 15.1% in Sudan, combined with huge gaps within each country as indicated by the values of the index of dissimilarity. Poor, rural and non-educated adolescent girls are more exposed to teenage childbearing than their counterparts—rich, urban and educated girls. Conclusion: According to different social determinants, sensible variations are seen in terms of adolescent pregnancy and motherhood within the ten countries considered in this study. This is a clear appeal to decision makers to reduce child marriage and pregnancy by acting on social determinants of health, targeting disadvantaged girls coming mainly from marginalised groups and poor families living in remote rural zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hessische Blätter für Volksbildung is the property of wbv Media GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the 1980s, almost all of the Hungarian narrow-gauge railway lines underwent a complete change of function. About 120-140 years ago, narrow-gauge railways were created mainly for economic purposes. Nowadays, with a few exceptions, freight operation is completely eliminated and replaced by tourism. In my study, I deal with two questions: on the one hand, I will examine the place of the existing narrow-gauge railways in the tourism system. In this context, I will present the tourism potential of narrow-gauge railways. These include, for example, the availability of narrow-gauge railways, their inclusion in the wider tourism system, the material conditions of the basic infrastructure of narrow-gauge railways, etc. On the other hand, by presenting four railway lines from South Transdanubia, I will examine how well the opportunities offered by tourism have been exploited at the local level, what the impact of narrow-gauge railways is on tourism, and what the tourism-related significance of these lines is at all. Based on my analysis, it can be concluded that the narrow-gauge railway sector is developing within the tourism system, and compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021), investments, technical developments, and attendance have also increased. It is also clear from the South Transdanubian cases that the narrow-gauge railway system is becoming more and more important especially where it can be connected to other tourist attractions (natural parks, forest schools, etc. ), which is also evident in the attendance indicators.

Copyright of Quetes Litteraires is the property of Katolicki Uniwersityt Lubelski Jana Pawla II, Wydzial Nauk Humanistycznych, Institut Filologii Romaj and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Versants: Revista Suiza de Literaturas Románicas is the property of University Library of Bern and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tábano is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Microplastic (MP) contamination has been identified as a worrisome environmental issue at the global level. Fish are the taxonomic group more extensively investigated to assess MP contamination in marine environment. A large variability in MP bioaccumulation (i.e., body burden) was reported in fish but to date there is a dearth of information concerning the drivers underlying this process. The present systematic review aimed at summarizing the results of the scientific literature on MP body burden in the digestive tract of marine fish to quantitatively shed light on the contribution of different geographical (i.e., latitudinal origin of the sample, distance from the coastline and field- or marked-collected) and ecological (i.e., trophic strategy, milieu, and body size) factors driving bioaccumulation. The mean (±SE) MPs/individual was 4.13 ± 2.87, and the mean MPs/ww (i.e., MPs/g) was 5.92 ± 0.94. Overall, MP abundance expressed as MPs/individual of fish from tropical areas was significantly higher compared to the other latitudinal bands, with species sampled close to the coastline that accumulated a larger number of MPs compared to those collected offshore. Neither the trophic strategy, nor the milieu and the market or field origin of fish explained the MP body burden. However, fish body size resulted as a determinant of MP body burden (as MPs/individual), with small fish accumulating a lower amount of MPs compared to larger ones. Qualitatively, but not statistically significant, similar results were generally obtained for MPs/ww, except for an opposite, and significant, variation according to species body size. Our findings showed that geographical, rather than ecological factors represent the main drivers of MP body burden in marine fish, suggesting that environmental variables and/or local pollution sources mainly contribute to explaining the large variability underlying the ingestion and bioaccumulation processes of these contaminants. [Display omitted] • Microplastic (MP) body burden of marine fish depends on geographic origin of sample. • Trophic strategy did not affect MP body burden of marine fish. • Milieu did not affect MP body burden of marine fish. • Body size is a determinant of MP body burden in marine fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to promote a purposeful reflection theorical–propositive on Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) considering some aspects of Mathematics teaching and the ERT as a crucial didactic-pedagogical tool in the development of academic activities integrated in an Institutional Remote Teaching (IRT) system, understood in the sense of the didactic milieu proposed by the Theory of Didactic Situations (TDS) resignified by the Anthropological Theory of Didactics (ATD), in the university space and, at the same time, presenting, in a propositional way, the expanded notion of Didactic-Virtual Milieu (DM)V resignified in the adverse pandemic/post-pandemic context of Covid-19. For this, we resorted to the bibliographic-investigative study in specific documents, articulated based on the TDS and the ATD. The results of the study reveals that the teaching model traditionally developed in educational institutions - basic and higher - has weakened in the face of the pandemic, requiring immediate changes and reconstructions, understanding that the standardization of teaching methods mediated by digital technologies distance requires consistent structuring, as well as the way to understand the teaching of Mathematics in remote milieux that are established in a pandemic context.

The paper deals with the geographical approach on the (re)emergence of the concept of "milieu" in the frameworks of the analysis of contemporary neoliberal economic rationalities. It is intended to preliminary retrace the different meanings of the notion and concept of "milieu" and its relationship with the notions of environment and ecology. Next, we approach the perspective of the destructive economy and environmental devastation in its counterpoint with the concept of medium. In conclusion, there is the emergence of new perspectives of the "milieu" that open up other possibilities in the relationship of society and nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article scrutinised the nature of primary school atmosphere association to improve students' personalities in Kota Langsa. Kota Langsa has a mixed community background and is located on the eastern coast of Aceh province, which ratifies to perform Islamic Sharia area. The study informants were the people who shared daily interactions with the students, particularly in education performances and religious practices, i.e., the school teachers, parents, village prominent, and religious figures. The article employed a constant comparative method, which examined the conceptual finding of equivalences atmosphere associations. It grounded a theory to explain the phenomena of the nature and nurture of the Islamic primary school environment, when the parents' educational goals, teachers' objectives, and local figures' wisdom meet with the early process of students in their school days. The article proposed the result that confirmed the link between school atmosphere and students' personality development. Finally, the result confirmed the research objective, which described the socio-economic, facility, local figures, and teachers are the main elements to mediate developing students' personalities in Islamic primary school.

This perspective paper synthesises the special issue 'Human-nature connectedness as a leverage point for sustainability transformation'. Based on the articles in this special issue, we aim to foster the operationalisation of the leverage points perspective to shape human-nature relations to enable sustainability transformations. Specifically, we draw on four key advantages of the leverage points perspective: (i) the explicit recognition of deep leverage points; (ii) the ability to examine the interactions between shallow and deep system changes; (iii) the combination of causal and teleological modes of research; and (iv) the ability to function as a methodological boundary object. The contributions to this special issue revealed three deep leverage points addressing paradigm shifts in research and beyond: relational thinking and values, stewardship philosophy and shifting the economic growth paradigm to focus on human well-being. We highlight interlinkages between leverage points to further strengthen the transformative potential of interventions that aim at triggering shifts in our understanding about human-nature relations. Further, we show a way to bridge causal and teleological approaches by envisioning desired futures. Lastly, we emphasise the potential of arts-based methodologies, including participatory, transdisciplinary research to foster sustainability transformation and how this can be combined within the leverage points perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to discuss the concepts of a "milieu" and of "weaving a milieu". Based on a territorialized project, the aim of which is to revalorize lime tree picking within the Baronnies Provençales (south of France), we define a "milieu" as an expression of the normativity of living things, which shape or weave multiple heterogeneous environmental phenomena in order to stay alive. This "weaving a milieu" is expressed in the history of lime-tree picking: through the work gestures of the traders and the pickers, a living tissue of links emerges, which extends far beyond the limits of the administrative territory at the origin of this project. The question is then how a territorialized project can be lead in order to allows, facilitates and supports this necessity to weave links in order to shape a milieu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although ‘arrival infrastructure’ is central to the experience of migrants arriving in a new city, is it sufficient to form a ‘hospitable milieu’? Our article compares newcomers’ experiences with ‘arrival infrastructure’ in two European cities: Brussels and Geneva. Based on ethnographic research with 49 migrants who arrived a few months earlier, we show that arrival infrastructure is Janus-faced. On one hand, it welcomes newcomers and contributes to making the city hospitable. On the other hand, it rejects, deceives and disappoints them, forcing them to remain mobile—to go back home, go further afield, or just move around the city—in order to satisfy their needs and compose what we will call a ‘hospitable milieu.’ The arrival infrastructure’s inhospitality is fourfold: linked firstly to its limitations and shortcomings, secondly to the trials or tests newcomers have to overcome in order to benefit from the infrastructure, thirdly to the necessary forms of closure needed to protect those who have just arrived and fourthly to those organising and managing the infrastructure, with divergent conceptions of hospitality. By using the notion of milieu and by embedding infrastructure into the broader question of hospitality, we open up an empirical exploration of its ambiguous role in the uncertain trajectories of newcomers.

Au moment où la production architecturale contemporaine tend, de plus en plus, vers la standardisation et l’universalisation des modes d’expression, anéantissant et dénigrant, de fait, les singularités et les spécificités du milieu et du contexte, on assiste, par souci environnemental ou identitaire, à un réel engouement pour des modèles architecturaux et urbains dits locaux ou vernaculaires. En effet, un retour vers des principes tels que « l’architecture sans architecte », « l’architecture située ou localisée » ou encore « l’architecture circulaire ou conviviale » ont été adoptés et expérimentés par des architectes à la fibre sociale et soucieux de produire une architecture en dialogue avec les lieux, les habitants, l’écoumène, …Séduits par ces concepts, certains architectes et concepteurs ont essayé d’allier symbolique et technicité, ceci en s’intéressant aux caractéristiques du milieu, en recyclant les savoir-faire et les techniques constructives locales et en réinterprétant les usages et les pratiques sociales dans les constructions nouvelles. Cette approche bien que particulièrement sensible aux réalités du topos interpelle le vrais sens d’« intégration » durant la phase post-réalisation du projet. Cet article se propose donc de questionner certains aspects fondamentaux de cette approche fondée sur le recyclage et la réinterprétation du corpus vernaculaire dans les productions architecturales contemporaines : comment définit-on une immersion réelle d’une architecture dans son milieu ? Est ce que la préservation d’un tissu ancien par la conservation assure-t-elle une réelle continuité entre milieu et architecture ? Est-ce qu’un remodelage d’une architecture par ses habitants témoigne-t-il d’un échec de cette association recherchée ? Des questionnements qui seront explorés à travers deux cas d’étude : le cas du village de « Gourna » en Egypte et des immeubles « Nid d’abeilles » au Maroc, à travers lesquels sera analysée l’évolution du rapport dialectique entre les productions architecturales à inspiration vernaculaire et leurs milieux d’insertion.

Approaching sustainability through landscapes helps appreciate the value of the diversity of human ways to live with nature that exists today. On the basis of fieldwork research in Japan, we explore the landscapes of natural parks, satoyama, and permaculture, all three recognized as sustainable and of high biodiversity value despite showing significant differences in terms of nature protection and landscape management strategies. We use the ‘framework of the milieu’ inspired by Watsuji Tetsurō and Augustin Berque to situate individual experiences and behaviours within the landscape’s dynamics. It sheds light on the ideas of human-nature relations that underpin the understandings of sustainability as reflected in each landscape. We derive three corresponding landscape types: scenic, cultural, and ecotopian landscapes. We show that these types can be complementary insofar as they together support healthy ecosystems and fuel a sense of connectedness to nature.EDITED BY Jacqueline Loos

Le Maroc se distingue par une architecture vernaculaire riche, profondément liée à son milieu naturel et fortement conditionnée par le contexte dans lequel elle est conçue. Grâce au génie de l’Homme et au besoin vital d’adaptabilité, un savoir-faire séculaire s’est développé créant des établissements humains transcendants et un genre de vie propre à l’esprit du lieu et aux spécificités de chaque région. Les formes de manifestation des matériaux locaux changent selon les savoir-faire, les usages, les finalités et les contraintes. Un seul matériau peut en effet, offrir une variété d’usages donnant lieu à des formes d’habitat adaptées à leurs milieux. L’objectif de cet article est de rendre compte de la variété d’usage qu’offrent certains matériaux locaux et d’évaluer leur apport en termes de confort thermique et de développement d’une architecture contemporaine durable et résiliente.

Abstract Background Research into the mistreatment of women during childbirth has increased over recent years. Overt violence is an important focus of research, but recently there has been increasing recognition that there are other ways in which women in labour may be uncared for or even hurt. As part of a larger study focussing on staff responses to stillbirths, we wanted to gain contextual information on how high risk pregnancies are handled in general in Khayelitsha Hospital, a district hospital in an impoverished urban setting in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. This health care system experiences an immense patient load, the poverty of the community it serves, and the numerous traumas affecting both patients and staff. Methods In order to obtain rich exploratory data, a qualitative research methodology was used. The primary data source was observations in the labour ward, interviewing labour ward staff (doctors, nurse, and cleaners). The secondary data source was the analysis of hospital documents, specifically those related to labour ward policy. Results From our numerous observations and discussions, it is clear that no one is being overtly mistreated in this hospital and patients are medically well attended to. Although we saw no physical abuse, we noted the silence in the ward. Beside medical related interactions, we also noted that there were limited interactions between the women and the health care providers. Conclusions Silence can be a form of neglect as it leaves the women feeling uncared for and not seen. In an overburdened health care system where both staff and patients are often overwhelmed or traumatised, silence can be a way in which a system defends itself against what it knows it cannot provide.

Bacterial biofilms are a major cause of delayed wound healing. Consequently, the study of wound biofilms, particularly in host-relevant conditions, has gained importance. Most in vitro studies employ refined laboratory media to study biofilms, representing conditions that are not relevant to the infection state. To mimic the wound milieu, in vitro biofilm studies often incorporate serum or plasma in growth conditions, or employ clot or matrix-based biofilm models. While incorporating serum or plasma alone is a minimalistic approach, the more complex in vitro wound models are technically demanding, and poorly compatible with standard biofilm assays. Based on previous reports of clinical wound fluid composition, we have developed an in vitro wound milieu (IVWM) that includes, in addition to serum (to recapitulate wound fluid), matrix elements and biochemical factors. With Luria-Bertani broth and Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) for comparison, the IVWM was used to study planktonic growth, biofilm features, and interspecies interactions, of common wound pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We demonstrate that the IVWM recapitulates widely reported in vivo biofilm features such as biomass formation, metabolic activity, increased antibiotic tolerance, 3D structure, and interspecies interactions for monospecies and mixed-species biofilms. Further, the IVWM is simple to formulate, uses laboratory-grade components, and is compatible with standard biofilm assays. Given this, it holds potential as a tractable approach to study wound biofilms under host-relevant conditions.

La biología ha buscado desde sus comienzos un marco teórico e interpretativo, que permita dar cuenta del fenómeno de la vida, a un nivel general, y de los organismos a un nivel específico. Tradicionalmente, la generalidad de lo viviente ha preocupado a los filósofos, mientras que las especificidades han sido objeto de investigación empírica por parte de los biólogos. El problema fundamental ha sido compaginar los datos de la experiencia empírica con una visión de la vida que opera y se manifiesta de acuerdo con leyes, cuya naturaleza ha sido tema de debate constante entre biólogos y filósofos. Mientras que, por otra parte, se han validado discursos que reducen las explicaciones biológicas a genes que varían al azar y la selección natural, en menoscabo de la autonomía de los organismos. Perspectiva que a lo largo de gran parte de los siglos xix y xx, ha mostrado ser insuficiente para explicar la dinámica plástica y compleja del mundo viviente, exuberante de procesos que se entrelazan de acuerdo con patrones cuyas regularidades Jacob von Uexküll explicó postulando una ley de coherencia y concatenación funcional entre las partes orgánicas constitutivas y el organismo, y, entre los organismos y sus medioambientes.

En este trabajo se presenta una revisión del cambio del concepto de Milieu al de Umwelt en la obra biológica de Jakob von Uexküll, analizando las causas y condiciones que llevaron al biofilósofo báltico a llevar a cabo dicha sustitución terminológica. Esta propuesta busca entender este cambio como parte de una crítica a la concepción mecanicista privilegiada en las ciencias biológicas, frente a la cual Uexküll formula una doctrina que pretende comprender al organismo como un sujeto, esto desde una fuerte influencia kantiana. Hacia el final del texto se muestra que la crítica uexkülliana encuentra ecos en discursos biológicos y filosóficos actuales que son críticos con el mecanicismo prevaleciente en la biología durante el siglo xx.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the concepts of a “milieu” and of “weaving a milieu”. Based on a territorialized project, the aim of which is to revalorize lime tree picking within the Baronnies Provençales (south of France), we define a "milieu" as an expression of the normativity of living things, which shape or weave multiple heterogeneous environmental phenomena in order to stay alive. This “weaving a milieu” is expressed in the history of lime-tree picking: through the work gestures of the traders and the pickers, a living tissue of links emerges, which extends far beyond the limits of the administrative territory at the origin of this project. The question is then how a territorialized project can be lead in order to allows, facilitates and supports this necessity to weave links in order to shape a milieu.

Copyright of Metszetek is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In post-genomic science, the development of etiological models of neurobiological vulnerability to psychiatric risk has expanded exponentially in recent decades, particularly since the neuromolecular and biosocial turns in basic research. Among this research is that of McGill Group for Suicide Studies (MGSS) whose work centers on the identification of major risk factors and epigenetic traits that help to identify a specific profile of vulnerability to psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression) and predict high-risk behaviors (e.g., suicidality). Although the MGSS has attracted attention for its environmental epigenetic models of suicide risk over the years and the translation of findings from rodent studies into human populations, its overall agenda includes multiple research axes, ranging from retrospective studies to clinical and epidemiological research. Common to these research axes is a concern with the long-term effects of adverse experiences on maladaptive trajectories and negative mental health outcomes. As these findings converge with post-genomic understandings of health and also translate into new orientations in global public health, our article queries the ways in which neurobiological vulnerability is traced, measured, and profiled in environmental epigenetics and in the MGSS research. Inspired by the philosophy of Georges Canguilhem and by literature from the social studies of risk and critical public health, we explore how the epigenetic models of neurobiological vulnerability tie into a particular way of thinking about the normal, the pathological, and the milieu in terms of risk. Through this exploration, we examine how early life adversity (ELA) and neurobiological vulnerability are localized and materialized in those emerging models while also considering their broader conceptual and translational implications in the contexts of mental health and global public health interventions. In particular, we consider how narratives of maladaptive trajectories and vulnerable selves who are at risk of harm might stand in as a “new pathological” with healthy trajectories and resilient selves being potentially equated with a “new normal” way of living in the face of adversity. By troubling neurobiological vulnerability as a universal biosocial condition, we suggest that an ecosocial perspective may help us to think differently about the dynamics of mental health and distress in the adverse milieu.

The article raises the hypothesis that the activity of imagination cannot be fully described by a functional description. To this end, two positions are analyzed: the philosophy of Cornelius Castoriadis, who emphasizes social imaginary and radical imagination, is juxtaposed with Gilbert Simondon’s theory of cyclic and genetic images. Castoriadis’s consideration reveals the specific character of indeterminacy, found in the work of imagination, which enables the coexistence of contradictions in psyche. Based on this reading I propose to perceive imagination through a semi-deterministic take. Whilst it is also possible to see an effort to overcome functional determination in Simondon’s theory, the latter also offers a way to interpret the imagination beyond the anthropological realm. The image performs as mutual potential between organisms and their milieus, and this relationality is never fully determined, but rather semi-determined. Thus, by providing the tools for rethinking of determination and functionality, the juxtaposition of Castoriadis and Simondon enables to speculate on the need of a possible the concept of sociobiological imagination.

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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Problems / Problemos is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Approaching sustainability through landscapes helps appreciate the value of the diversity of human ways to live with nature that exists today. On the basis of fieldwork research in Japan, we explore the landscapes of natural parks, satoyama, and permaculture, all three recognized as sustainable and of high biodiversity value despite showing significant differences in terms of nature protection and landscape management strategies. We use the 'framework of the milieu' inspired by Watsuji Tetsurō and Augustin Berque to situate individual experiences and behaviours within the landscape's dynamics. It sheds light on the ideas of human-nature relations that underpin the understandings of sustainability as reflected in each landscape. We derive three corresponding landscape types: scenic, cultural, and ecotopian landscapes. We show that these types can be complementary insofar as they together support healthy ecosystems and fuel a sense of connectedness to nature. EDITED BY Jacqueline Loos [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal History of Latin American Education / Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hessische Blätter für Volksbildung is the property of wbv Media GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper claims that conspiracy theories in Bulgaria are organized as a milieu rather than as a genre, and that, depending on their intensity, conspiracy theories can perform heterogeneous functions, which range from justification of political claims and popular mobilization to entertainment. Building on that conceptual framework, the paper illustrates the most prominent functional types of Bulgarian conspiracy theories. The higher-intensity theories are exemplified by the narratives of corruption and of the afterlife of the former communist secret services. The lower-intensity theories are illustrated by the fortunately short-lived question if the president of the United States has been abducted by aliens. The impact of the Bulgarian conspiratorial milieu on global theories is represented by the example of the Bulgarian modifications of the traveling narrative of the conspiracy of Jewish bankers. The emancipatory potential of the conspiracy theories is demonstrated by the example of the 2011 anti-GMO protests, motivated by narratives of conspiracy between the government and transnational corporations, which derived their energy from the associated milieu of ecological concerns.

Die Religiosität Jugendlicher ist in ihrer Ausprägung stark abhängig von ihren Erfahrungskontexten. Der Lebensstilansatz ermöglicht die Erfahrungskontexte Jugendlicher integrierend zu beschreiben, relevante Wirkzusammenhänge zu analysieren und religionsdidaktische Optionen zu reflektieren. Der folgende Text gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand des Ansatzes und vermittelt Einblicke in die Vielfalt religiösen Partizipationsverhaltens im Jugendalter. Adolescent lifestyles and religiosity Religiosity of adolescents is dependent on their contexts of experiences. With the lifestyle approach contexts of adolescent experiences can be described in an integrative way. Using the lifestyle approach relevant causal relationships can be analyzed and options for religious education can be reflected on. The following text reviews the recent findings and advances in the lifestyle approach and gives an overview about the varieties of religious participation behavior in adolescence.