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The objective of this study was to generate protein hydrolysates with dual in vitro inhibitory activities against dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE), by proteolytic enzymes acting either individually or sequentially on steelhead skin gelatin. The results showed strong dual bioactivity in the low molecular weight (

Inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) are useful strategies for managing, respectively, diabetes and hypertension, two conditions often occurring together. In this study, debittered and non-debittered whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) were assessed for their in vitro inhibitory activity against ACE and DPP-IV and characterized for their constituent peptides. All WPHs and several fractions obtained from them had ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory activities, with ACE being generally more strongly inhibited than DPP-IV. Among the identified peptides tested, GYGGVSLPEW derived from α-lactalbumin and LKPTPEGDLE from β-lactoglobulin were, respectively, the most effective at inhibiting ACE (IC 50 = 2 µM) and DPP-IV (IC 50 = 42 µM). Although some identified peptides were able to inhibit both enzymes, the majority did not show a dual inhibitory effect. This research provides new insight on the active peptides responsible for the ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory activities of whey protein hydrolysates.

High intensity ultrasound (HIU) treated soy protein isolate (SPI) and non-HIU-treated SPI were cross-linked by transglutaminase to form hydrogels. SDS-PAGE showed that HIU increased the amount of high molecular weight aggregates, likely due to the formation of e-(γ-glutamyl) lysine bonds. Moreover, HIU pretreatment increased the hydrophobic nature of transglutaminase gels as demonstrated by FT-Raman. HIU changed the 3D-network structure of transglutaminase induced SPI gel with riboflavin (TSGR). Furthermore, 40 min HIU increased gel yield, riboflavin encapsulation efficiency and gel strength of TSGR. HIU decreased swelling and protein erosion of TSGR in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. It also resulted in reduced riboflavin release rate and altered the release mechanism in simulated gastrointestinal fluids both in the absence and presence of digestive enzymes. In conclusion, HIU may facilitate covalent cross-linking, increase hydrophobicity and change the 3D network of TSGR, leading to differences in hydrogel stability, as well as riboflavin encapsulation and release profiles.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if obesity and dietary quality in low-income children differed by participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly the Food Stamp Program. METHODS: The study population included 5193 children aged 4 to 19 with household incomes ≤130% of the federal poverty level from the 1999–2008 NHANES. Diet was measured by using 24-hour recalls. RESULTS: Among low-income US children, 28% resided in households currently receiving SNAP benefits. After adjusting for sociodemographic differences, SNAP participation was not associated with a higher rate of childhood obesity (odds ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–1.74). Both SNAP participants and low-income nonparticipants were below national recommendations for whole grains, fruits, vegetables, fish, and potassium, while exceeding recommended limits for processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, saturated fat, and sodium. Zero percent of low-income children met at least 7 of 10 dietary recommendations. After multivariate adjustment, compared with nonparticipants, SNAP participants consumed 43% more sugar-sweetened beverages (95% CI: 8%–89%), 47% more high-fat dairy (95% CI: 7%, 101%), and 44% more processed meats (95% CI: 9%–91%), but 19% fewer nuts, seeds, and legumes (95% CI: –35% to 0%). In part due to these differences, intakes of calcium, iron, and folate were significantly higher among SNAP participants. Significant differences by SNAP participation were not evident in total energy, macronutrients, Healthy Eating Index 2005 scores, or Alternate Healthy Eating Index scores. CONCLUSIONS: The diets of low-income children are far from meeting national dietary recommendations. Policy changes should be considered to restructure SNAP to improve children’s health.

ObjectiveTo determine public attitudes towards federal spending on nutrition assistance programmes and support for policies to improve the nutritional impact of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).DesignParticipants answered survey questions by telephone assessing support for SNAP spending and proposed programme policy changes.SettingUSA.SubjectsSurvey of 3024 adults selected by random digit dialling conducted in April 2012, including 418 SNAP participants.ResultsA majority (77 %; 95 % CI 75, 79 %) of all respondents supported maintaining or increasing SNAP benefits, with higher support among Democrats (88 %; 95 % CI 86, 90 %) than Republicans (61 %; 95 % CI 58, 65 %). The public supported policies to improve the nutritional impact of SNAP. Eighty-two per cent (95 % CI 80, 84 %) of respondents supported providing additional benefits to programme participants that can only be used on healthful foods. Sixty-nine per cent (95 % CI 67, 71 %) of respondents supported removing SNAP benefits for sugary drinks. A majority of SNAP participants (54 %; 95 % CI 48, 60 %) supported removing SNAP benefits for sugary drinks. Of the 46 % (95 % CI 40, 52 %) of SNAP participants who initially opposed removing sugary drinks, 45 % (95 % CI 36, 54 %) supported removing SNAP benefits for sugary drinks if the policy also included additional benefits to purchase healthful foods.ConclusionsThe US public broadly supports increasing or maintaining spending on SNAP. The majority of respondents, including SNAP participants, supported policies to improve the nutritional impact of SNAP by restricting the purchase of sugary drinks and incentivizing purchase of healthful foods with SNAP benefits.

Background: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that alteration of left ventricular (LV) torsional mechanics occurs in patients after repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and is associated with right ventricular (RV) volume overload and changes in LV configuration. Methods and Results: Fifty-five TOF patients aged 19.0±8.1 years and 27 age-matched healthy controls were studied. The LV and RV volumes were measured using 3-dimensional echocardiography while LV geometry was quantified by the diastolic eccentricity index (EI). The LV peak systolic torsion and systolic twisting and diastolic untwisting velocities were determined by speckle tracking. Compared with controls, patients had significantly greater RV end-systolic (P

Background. There are controversies on the benefits of elective neck dissection (END) for oral tongue carcinoma. Method. This is a prospective randomized study of elective selective I, II, III neck dissection versus observation for N0 neck of stage I to II oral tongue carcinoma. There were 35 patients on the observation arm and 36 patients on the END arm. The main outcome assessment parameters are node-related mortality and disease-specific survival rate. Results. There were 11 patients in the observed arm and 2 patients in the END arm who developed nodal recurrence alone without associated local or distant recurrence. All 13 patients were salvaged, and no patient died of nodal recurrence. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 87% for the observation arm and was 89% for the END arm; the 2% difference was not significant. Conclusion. Observation may be an acceptable alternative to END if strict adherence to a cancer surveillance protocol is followed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and time course of pericardial effusion after open heart surgery for congenital heart diseases and to identify predisposing risk factors. Design and patients: Prospective assessment of development of pericardial effusion in 336 patients (163 males) undergoing open heart surgery for congenital heart disease by serial echocardiography on days 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 postoperatively. Setting: Tertiary paediatric cardiac centre. Results: The prevalence of pericardial effusion was 23% (77 of 336). Of the 77 patients who developed effusion, 43 (56%) had moderate to large effusions and 18 (23%) were symptomatic. Patients who had a large amount of effusion were more likely to be symptomatic than those with only a small to moderate amount (47.4% v 15.5%, p = 0.01). The mean (SD) onset of pericardial effusion was 11 (7) days after surgery, with 97% (75 of 77) of cases being diagnosed on or before day 28 after surgery. The prevalence of effusion after Fontan-type procedures (60%, 6 of 10) was significantly higher than that after other types of cardiac surgery: repair of left to right shunts (22.1%, 43 of 125), repair of lesions with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (22.6%, 19 of 84), arterial switch operation (6.7%, 1 of 15), and miscellaneous procedures (25%, 8 of 32) (p = 0.037). Univariate analyses showed that female patients (p = 0.009) and those receiving warfarin (p = 0.002) had increased risk of postoperative pericardial effusion. A greater pericardial drain output in the first four hours after surgery also tended to be significant (p = 0.056). Multivariate logistic regression similarly identified warfarin treatment (β = 1.73, p = 0.009) and female sex (β for male = -0.63, p = 0.037) as significant determinants. Conclusions: Pericardial effusion occurs commonly after open heart surgery for congenital heart disease. Serial echocardiographic monitoring up to 28 days postoperatively is indicated in selected high risk patients such as those with symptoms of postpericardiotomy syndrome and those given warfarin., published_or_final_version

Nitrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:N) thin films have been prepared by a pulsed filtered vacuum arc deposition system at various conditions. The chemical composition and structure of the ta-C:N films were investigated by Non-Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, Raman, and Fourier transform infrared transmission measurements. It was observed that the amount of N atoms incorporated into the ta-C:N films, as well as the fraction and size of the sp2 clusters, increased with increasing nitrogen pressure during deposition. On the other hand, the substrate negative bias voltage has different effects on the composition and structure of the films. The N content initially rises with increasing substrate negative bias voltage and then starts to decrease as it is further increased, while the sp2 fraction increases monotonically with the increase of negative bias voltage. No or very few CN bond exists in the films. With increasing N content the components of the single CN and disorder activated CC diminish. The compressive stress in the films is found to decrease sharply with the increase of nitrogen content, and then keep almost constant when the N content is increased further.

Composition and annealing temperature dependence of microstructure and magnetic domain structure in sputtered (Ni66Fe22Co12) x C1−x nanocomposite films with x=10–75 at % were studied by X-ray diffraction and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Films with x≤20 at % showed amorphous structures, and no domain structure could be found due to the disappearance of magnetocrystalline anisotropy. For the films with x=30–55 at %, face-centered cubic (fcc) NiFeCo nanocrystals encapsulated in graphite-like carbon could be found in the samples annealed beyond 400 °C, and stripe domains with typical dimension of 120–150 nm were observed. For the films with x≥62 at %, the as-deposited films went through a meta-stable stage at which a rhombohedral Ni3C phase and fcc NiFeCo co-existed after annealing to a temperature between about 300–400 °C (dependent on composition). Upon further annealing to a sufficiently high temperature between about 350–500 °C, the carbide phase decomposed into fcc NiFeCo and graphite. While short-range domain structures were observed in the samples before the formation of carbide phase, long-range domain structure with dispersed domains in the meta-stable stage were observed. After the decomposition of carbide, large domains with typical size of 500–700 nm were observed due to the formation of large grain aggregators.

Staff of a large hospital in Hong Kong attempted and set the first Guinness World Record for the most participants in a hand sanitizing relay in May 2014. After this event, average compliance with hand hygiene increased from 72% (95% CI, 70%-74%) in 2013 to 85% (95% CI, 83%-87%) in June-July 2014, and the conceptual understanding of good hand hygiene practices improved.

H+ was implanted into single-crystal silicon with a dose of 1×1016/cm2 and an energy of 30 KeV, and then He+ was implanted into the same sample with the same dose and an energy of 33 KeV. Both of the implantations were performed at room temperature. Subsequently, the samples were annealed in a temperature range from 200 to 450 °C for 1 h. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry/channeling, elastic recoil detection, and high resolution x-ray diffraction were employed to characterize the strain, defects, and the distribution of H and He in the samples. The results showed that co-implantation of H and He decreases the total implantation dose, with which the surface could exfoliate during annealing. During annealing, the distribution of hydrogen did not change, but helium moved deeper and its distribution became sharper. At the same time, the maximum of the strain in the samples decreased a lot and also moved deeper. Furthermore, the defects introduced by ion i...

H + and He + were implanted into single crystals in different orders (H + first or He + first). Subsequently, the samples were annealed at different temperatures from 200 ◦ Ct o 450 ◦ C for 1 h. Cross sectional transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and channelling, elastic recoil detection were employed to characterize the defects and the distribution of H and He in the samples. Furthermore, the positron traps introduced by ion implantation and annealing were characterized by slow positron annihilation spectroscopy. Both orders in the coimplantation of H and He have the ability to decreases the total implantation dose after annealing. No bubbles or voids but cracks and platelets, were observed by cross sectional transmission electron microscopy. The different implantation orders affect the density of interstitial atoms and positron traps.

High dose carbon implantation into Si tip array was performed to synthesize SiC/Si heterostructure tip array. This was done using a high beam current density metal vapor vacuum arc ion source. Silicon tip arrays were prepared by anisotropic chemical etching. An implantation energy of 35 keV using a dose of 1.0×1018 ions/cm2 was performed. The array was subsequently annealed in argon ambient at 1200 °C, for various times to form the SiC surface layer. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the Si tips were sharp and uniformly arranged. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that a thin SiC surface layer had been formed. Results show that electron emission properties measured in ultrahigh vacuum depended on the sample treatment. A typical turn-on field was 15 V/μm when the emission current density reaches 1 μA/cm2. This compares with a turn-on field of about 35 V/μm for an unimplanted Si tip array.

ObjectiveTo examine the opinions of stakeholders on strategies to improve dietary quality of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants.DesignParticipants answered a thirty-eight-item web-based survey assessing opinions and perceptions of SNAP and programme policy changes.SettingUSA.SubjectsSurvey of 522 individuals with stakeholder interest in SNAP, conducted in October through December 2011.ResultsThe top three barriers to improving dietary quality identified were: (i) unhealthy foods marketed in low-income communities; (ii) the high cost of healthy foods; and (iii) lifestyle challenges faced by low-income individuals. Many respondents (70 %) also disagreed that current SNAP benefit levels were adequate to maintain a healthy diet. Stakeholders believed that vouchers, coupons or monetary incentives for purchasing healthful foods might have the greatest potential for improving the diets of SNAP participants. Many respondents (78 %) agreed that sodas should not be eligible for purchases with SNAP benefits. More than half (55 %) believed retailers could easily implement such restrictions. A majority of respondents (58 %) agreed that stores should stock a minimum quantity of healthful foods in order to be certified as a SNAP retailer, and most respondents (83 %) believed that the US Department of Agriculture should collect data on the foods purchased with SNAP benefits.ConclusionsResults suggest that there is broad stakeholder support for policies that align SNAP purchase eligibility with national public health goals of reducing food insecurity, improving nutrition and preventing obesity.

Background The hypertrophic myocardium, myocardial fiber disarray, and endocardial fibroelastosis in pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum (PAIVS) may provide anatomic substrates for restrictive filling of the right ventricle. Hypothesis Restrictive right ventricle (RV) physiology is related to RV fibrosis and exercise capacity in patients after biventricular repair of PAIVS. Methods A total of 27 patients, age 16.5 ± 5.6 years, were recruited after biventricular repair of PAIVS. Restrictive RV physiology was defined by the presence of antegrade diastolic pulmonary flow and RV fibrosis assessed by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance. Their RV function was compared with that of 27 healthy controls and related to RV LGE score and exercise capacity. Results Compared with controls, PAIVS patients had lower tricuspid annular systolic and early diastolic velocities, RV global longitudinal systolic strain, systolic strain rate, and early and late diastolic strain rates (all P < 0.05). A total of 22 (81%, 95% confidence interval: 62%–94%) PAIVS patients demonstrated restrictive RV physiology. Compared to those without restrictive RV physiology (n = 5), these 22 patients had lower RV global systolic strain, lower RV systolic and early diastolic strain rates, higher RV LGE score, and a greater percent of predicted maximum oxygen consumption (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Restrictive RV physiology reflects RV diastolic dysfunction and is associated with more severe RV fibrosis but better exercise capacity in patients after biventricular repair of PAIVS. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Background: Persistent arterial dysfunction in patients with a history of Kawasaki disease (KD) and an integral role of oxidative stress in the development of cardiovascular disease are increasingly recognized. We sought to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress is increased in KD patients and related to carotid atherosclerotic changes and stiffness. Methods: We compared the serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and carotid stiffness index among KD patients with coronary aneurysms (n = 32), those without coronary complications (n = 19), and controls (n = 32). Results: Compared with controls, patients with coronary aneurysms had significantly higher serum levels of malonaldehyde (2.62 ± 0.12 μM vs 2.22 ± 0.07 μM, p = 0.014) and hydroperoxides (26.50 ± 1.13 μM vs 22.50 ± 0.62 μM, p = 0.008). A linear trend of the magnitude of oxidative stress in relation to inflammatory damage was observed for malonaldehyde (p = 0.018) and hydroperoxides (p = 0.014) levels. Serum malonaldehyde and hydroperoxide levels correlated positively with carotid IMT (p < 0.001 and p = 0.034, respectively) and stiffness index (p = 0.001 and p = 0.021, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis identified serum malonaldehyde level as a significant determinant of carotid IMT (β = 0.31, p = 0.006) and stiffness (β = 0.27, p = 0.008). Conclusion: Our findings suggestoxidative stress is increased in KD patients with coronary aneurysms and is associated with carotid intima-media thickening and stiffening. © 2008 Cheung et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd., published_or_final_version

To determine the usefulness of new two-dimensional strain indices, based on speckle tracking imaging, for assessment of systemic right ventricular (RV) function after an atrial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries.Cross-sectional study.Tertiary paediatric cardiac centre.26 patients, mean (SD) age 21.0 (3.6) years at 19.9 (3.2) years after an atrial switch operation, and 27 age-matched controls were studied. Two-dimensional imaging at the four-chamber view was obtained with tracing of the entire RV endocardial border. The RV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and GLS rate were derived using automated software (EchoPAC, GE Medical) and correlated with tissue Doppler-derived RV isovolumic acceleration (IVA), and, in the patient cohort, with cardiac magnetic resonance-derived RV ejection fraction.Intra- and interobserver variability for measurement of GLS, as determined from the mean (SD) of differences in two consecutive results from 20 studies, were 0.06 (1.39)% and 0.24 (1.77)%, respectively. Compared with controls, patients had lower RV GLS (17.1 (1.9)% vs 26.3 (2.9)%, p0.001), a reduced GLS rate (0.78 (0.11)/s vs 1.33 (0.23)/s, p0.001), lower RV IVA (1.10 (0.36) m/s(2) vs 1.56 (0.53) m/s(2), p0.001) and increased RV myocardial performance index (0.52 (0.09) vs 0.38 (0.09), p0.001). Both RV GLS and GLS rate correlated positively with RV IVA (r = 0.43, p = 0.001 and r = 0.46, p0.001, respectively), and negatively with RV myocardial performance index (r = -0.65, p0.001 and r = -0.57, p0.001, respectively). In patients, the GLS rate correlated positively with RV ejection fraction (r = 0.62, p = 0.001).Two-dimensional RV GLS and GLS rate are new, potentially useful indices for assessment of systemic RV function.

Understanding the transport process and the factors that control the influx/efflux of antibiotics between plasma and middle ear fluid is essential in optimizing the antimicrobial efficacy in the treatment of acute otitis media. In this study, an experimental chinchilla model with the application of a microdialysis technique was utilized to evaluate amoxicillin middle ear distribution kinetics. Amoxicillin solutions at various doses were instilled into the middle ear with a simultaneous intravenous bolus dose. Unbound amoxicillin levels were monitored by microdialysis in both ears. Serial phlebotomy provided samples for the measurement of unbound amoxicillin concentration in plasma ultrafiltrates. In infected chinchillas, discrete middle ear fluid samples were plated and cultured to characterize Streptococcus pneumoniae growth-kill kinetics. Noncompartmental analysis was used to estimate distributional and elimination clearances assuming linear pharmacokinetics. A nonlinear Michaelis-Menten equation was also used to determine the efflux clearance (from middle ear fluid to plasma) in a mammillary compartment model. No difference was observed in amoxicillin pharmacokinetics between control and infected chinchillas. Influx clearance was (4.6 ± 2.4) × 10 −3 ml/min-kg and significantly lower than the efflux clearance estimated as (19.2 ± 9.7) × 10 −3 ml/min-kg ( P < 0.002). Nonlinear kinetics was observed in the locally dosed ear. The microdialysis procedure did not interfere with the bacterial growth-kill profile, thereby enabling pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation concurrently. In conclusion, the results suggested that the distribution equilibrium of amoxicillin in the middle ear favors efflux to plasma over influx. An active transport mechanism across middle ear mucosal epithelium may be involved in amoxicillin distribution.

AAPS-FDA workshop white paper : Microdialysis principles, application, and regulatory perspectives report from the joint AAPS-FDA workshop, November 4-5, 2005, Nashville, TN

Hand hygiene has been shown to be effective in significantly reducing hospital acquired infections for many years. However it is difficult to maintain and enhance compliance with hand hygiene guidelines. In Hong Kong, we previously reported a strategy to counter campaign fatigue from 50%-55% in 2009-11 to 83% in 2012. Here we report a creative activity that we used to sustain and enhance hand hygiene compliance. In May 2014 we broke the first Guinness World Record for a Hand Sanitizing Relay. A total of 277 participants performed hand hygiene before two official and approved witnesses. Following this team-directed strategy, an increase in hand hygiene compliance was identified in June 2014 in two clinical areas with previously poor compliance. The longer term impact of this strategy remains to be determined. More broadly, further research is urgently needed on meeting the challenge of campaign fatigue, and maintaining and enhancing compliance with hand hygiene guidelines.

In cases of slow or limited penetration of an antibiotic to the site of infection such as in acute otitis media (the middle ear), plasma levels of the agent may not reflect the concentrations that are relevant in determining clinical outcome. There is a need for a model that allows prediction of the time-course of unbound, pharmacologically active drug levels in middle ear fluid (MEF). This article introduces microdialysis as a sampling tool to measure unbound antibiotic concentrations in the MEF of the chinchilla, and briefly summarizes the results of studies of MEF penetration of a cephalosporin, a macrolide, and a ketolide antibiotic using this technique. The general concurrence of preliminary results of the chinchilla studies with clinical findings suggests that the chinchilla microdialysis model may be useful in predicting efficacy in patients.

Shortage or malfunction of pulmonary surfactant in alveolar space leads to a critical condition termed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Surfactant replacement therapy, the major method to treat RDS, is an expensive treatment. In this paper, the effect of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to improve dynamic surface activity of a bovine lipid extract surfactant (BLES) was studied by axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA) and a captive bubble method. The activity of BLES + PEG mixtures was compared to that of a natural surfactant containing surfactant proteins A and D. When PEG was added into BLES mixtures, the surface tension hysteresis of BLES films was minimized when the films were compressed by more than 50%. PEG also helps to quickly restore surfactant films after film collapse. Thus, as far as surface tension effects go, the findings suggest that PEG might be used as a substitute for surfactant-associated protein SP-A in therapeutic surfactant products, and might also be used to reduce the amount of BLES required in clinical applications.

The magnetic properties of Fe ions implanted into a germanium crystal by metal-vapor vacuum arc ion source were investigated using a Quantum Design SQUID magnetometer. The presence of Fe nanoclusters in Ge was verified by magnetization measurements. A Langevin fit was used to obtain the size distribution of the clusters. The results demonstrated that the clusters are magnetic. The magnetic behavior of the clusters was characterized by zero-field-cooled and field-cooled measurements for temperatures 4.2 to 300 K. The implanted layer with magnetic clusters shows negative magnetoresistance with a positive magnetoresistance background due to the Ge substrate for parallel magnetic-field geometry at temperatures 180 to 300 K. The negative magnetoresistance is found to become dominant with decrease of temperature. The negative magnetoresistance is attributed to the existence of magnetic clusters in the implanted layer.

In this study, purified peptides from shrimp waste hydrolysates (SWHs) were examined for their inhibitory effects against β–secretase. During consecutive purification using a Sephadex G–25 column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography on a C18 column, a potent β–secretase inhibitory peptide Asp–Val–Leu–Phe–His (629 Da) was isolated and identified from SWH24 by Q–TOF MS/MS and the IC50 value was determined to be 92.70 μM. The β–secretase inhibition patterns of the purified peptides were found to be competitive. Among synthesized β–secretase inhibitory peptides, Leu–Phe–His had higher β–secretase inhibitory activity than the others. The result of this study suggests that the β–secretase inhibitory peptide derived from SWH24 could be potential candidates to develop nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.