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Статья посвящена методам воспитания трудом в колонии для несовершеннолетних правонарушителей «Ам-Урбан» в начале XX в. в Германии. Рассказывается об условиях и особенностях воспитательного процесса, о процессе воспитания и обучения трудом несовершеннолетних правонарушителей.

Статья посвящена внешнему и внутреннему устройству колонии для несовершеннолетних правонарушителей «Ам-Урбан» в начале XX в. в Германии. Рассказывается об устройстве колонии, условиях содержании несовершеннолетних арестантов.

Статья посвящена колонии для несовершеннолетних правонарушителей Ам-Урбан во второй половине XIX в. – начале XX в. в Германии. Автором говорится об устройстве колонии Ам-Урбан, содержании несовершеннолетних арестантов, их воспитании и обучении, наградах и взысканиях.

Urban V (1362-1370): Kirchenreform zudschen Kardinalkollegium, Kurie, und Klientel. By Ludwig Vones. [Papste und Papsttum, Volume 28.1 (Stuttgart: Anton Hiersemann. 1998. Pp. xii, 719, DM 340.) Raised from an abbacy to the throne of St. Peter without having been either bishop or cardinal, and after a career in which his most notable role had been as a legate in Italy, Guillaume Grimoard succeeded Innocent VI as Pope Urban V in 1362. One of the succession of Avignon popes, in 1367 he led the papacy back to Italy. Ibis proved to be only a temporary shift: in 1370 he would return to Avignon, to die. A few years later the first examination began in his process of canonization, but beatification was delayed until 1870. In this massive tome, Ludwig Vones offers a detailed dissection of aspects of the pontificate, in a revised version of his Habilitationsschrift of 1994. Following a lengthy introduction, establishing a broad context (with a strong focus on reform movements and eschatology), the volume divides into three parts. The first, at just under a hundred pages, tackles the pope's family, tracing the genealogy and inheritance from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries. Here Urban himself plays only a minor part, although his early career merits some twenty pages. In the nature of genealogical studies, there is little debate or argument here, the stress being very firmly on establishing facts and tracing a succession. The second section (pp. 147-309) treats Urban V's election as pope in 1362, and his dealings with the College of Cardinals, paying particular attention to his appointments to the College mid his policy on the cardinals' benefices. The third part (pp@ 311-457) considers the personnel surrounding the pope; his involvement in monastic reform (notably at St-Victor at Marseilles and Montecassino); his fostering of universities; and preparations for the return to Rome. A final consideration (pp. 459-487) summarizes Urban's reform policy in the context of the Church as a whole. This is a major study, but by no means a full dissection of the pontificate. The focus is very much on concerns in the curia, only moving to a larger canvas when assessing particular aspects. Events in southern Italy accordingly gain prominence as they connect with factional divisions among the cardinals; England comes to the fore when considering the problem of benefices and clerical careers@ Germany and eastern Europe are important in the discussion of universities. There is, however, no comprehensive analysis of the pope's impact on international politics, for instance, in the diplomacy of the Anglo-French conflicts. …

Anhand der Supplikensignaturen läßt sich die historiographische be- nefizialpolitische Charakteristik der Päpste präzisieren : großzügige Handhabung des Provisionsrechts durch Clemens VI. und eine von Innozenz VI. zu Urban V. zunehmend restriktive Tendenz. Relevant waren dabei die Residenzpflicht, die Frage der Pfründenkumulation und geographische Aspekte. Englische Expektanzen wurden Landfremden nicht erteilt, und Kirchen in Nordfrankreich, Belgien, York, Lincoln oder Prag galten als überlastet, so daß darauf zielende Suppliken regelmäßig abgelehnt oder auf andere Kirchen umgelenkt wurden. An solchen "Änderungssignaturen" lassen sich am ehesten benefizialpolitische Absichten erkennen. Zur Bekämpfung von Mißständen entwarf Urban V. das Pro- jekt, in allen Kirchen Europas die Kumulationen zu verzeichnen mit Inhaber, Ausstattung und Ertrag, jedoch scheint es nicht über das Mandat hinausgelangt zu sein., Schmidt Tilmann. Benefizialpolitik im Spiegel päpstlicher Supplikenregister von Clemens VI. bis Urban V. In: Aux origines de l'État moderne. Le fonctionnement administratif de la papauté d'Avignon. Actes de la table ronde d'Avignon (23-24 janvier 1988) Rome : École Française de Rome, 1990. pp. 351-369. (Publications de l'École française de Rome, 138)

The writer discusses representations of Pope Urban V in 14th century Rome. She focuses in particular on four watercolors included in the Mosaici Antichi Albums of Cassiano dal Pozzo's “Museum Chartaceum,” now in the Royal Library of Windsor, England.

I read with interest Mumford et al 's ([2000][1]) paper on stress and psychiatric disorder in urban Rawalpindi. Their findings and explanations of a lower prevalence of common mental disorders in an urban area compared with a rural area of Pakistan ([Mumford et al , 1997][2]) need to be treated with

This article provides the edition, with Italian translation, of the Epistula Pauli Patriarchae Latini ad Papam Urbanum V et Cardinales by Paul, Latin Patriarch of Constantinople based on all its witnesses. Moreover, a collation of the epitomized version of the Disputatio cum Paulo Patriarcha Latino by John VI Cantacuzene, as preserved in Città del Vaticano, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 604, ff. 51r-58v, 48r-49r, is supplied., Parekbolai. An Electronic Journal for Byzantine Literature, Vol 11 (2021)