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Seven diterpenoid alkaloids : delcosine(1), delsoline(2), gigactonine(3), lycoctonine(4), takaosamine(5), atisine(6) and hetisinone(7) have been isolated from the aerial parts of Consolida regalis subsp. paniculata var. paniculata. The presence of compounds 1,2,5,6 and 7 in this plant has not been previously reported.

Although there are a number of Haplophyllum species in the world, H. acutifolium (DC.) G. Don, H. buxbaumii (Poiret) G.Don, H. buxbaumii (Poiret) G.Don, subsp. Buxbaumii, H. cappadocium Spach, H. glabrinum, H. hispanicum Sprach, H. myrtifolium Boiss., H. patavinum (L.) G. D. ON. fil., H. perforatum (M.B.) Vved., H. ptilostylum Spach, H. suaveolens (DC.) G.Don, H. telephioides Boiss., H. thesioides (Fisch ex DC.) G. Don, H. tuberculatum (Forssk.) A.Juss. and H. vulcanicum Boiss. & Heldr. were most studied and a lot of compounds isolated. Only alkaloids, coumarins and lignans of these species are mentioned in this article. In addition some volatile components of H. tuberculatum were also given

Salvia hypargeia. Fisch. et Mey. (Lamiaceae) root extract, among 16 Salvia. extracts, showed the highest activity against the human ovarian cancer cell line. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of this plant extract has yielded four abietane-type diterpenes [5,6-didehydro-7-hydroxytaxodone (1), 14-deoxycoleon U (= 6-hydroxysalvinolone) (2), demethylcryptojaponol (3), and salvicanaric acid (4)] two triterpenes (lupeol and lupeol-3-acetate), and a fatty acid mixture consisting mainly of palmitic acid (51.6%) and palmitoleic acid (6.4%). Compounds 2 and 3 were found to be active against A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line with IC50 values of 3.9 and 1.2 μ g/mL, respectively, and the fatty acid composition was the most active part of the extract (IC50 = 0.6 μ g/mL).

Centaurea ptosimopappoides was previously investigated by our groupand the presence of two new triterpenes were reported. The rare occurrence ofthis type compounds in the plants prompted us to further investigation of Centaurea ptosimopappoides. In this work we report the isolation and structure determination of an aromatic glycoside which was found in the genus Centaureafor the first time. The structure of the compound was determined by spectralmethods.The genus Centaul-ea contains various types of compounds, therefore its has been the subject of many chemical investigations. Sesquiterpene lactones, acetylenes, flavonoids and coumarins are the main secondary metabolites of this genus. In a part of our continuing research on the chemistry of Centaurea species, we have studied Centaurea ptosimopappoides Wagenitz, a plant endemic to Turkey, which is widely distributed in the southern part of Anatolia. Previous investigation with the roots of this species, we reported the presence of two new triterpenoids of which one was a baccharane type triterpene, occurs rare in nature, Centaurea ptosimopappoides bitkisi daha once grubumuz tarafmdan q&- 91hg ve iki yeni triterpen bilegiginin molekiiler yapllan agdclanrmgtlr. Bu tip bilegiklerin bitkilerde ender bulunmas~ nedeniyle Centaurea ptosimopappoides t6riini.i kirnyasal balumdan tekrar inceledik. Bu gahgmarmzda aromatik glikozit yapls~ndaki bir bilegik elde ettik. Bu bilegik bir Centaurea tiiriinden ilk kez elde edilrnektedir. Bilegib yap1 tayininde spektroskopik yonternlerden yararlmlmgtlr. Centaurea ptosimopappoides bitkisi daha once grubumuz tarafmdan q&- 91hg ve iki yeni triterpen bilegiginin molekiiler yapllan agdclanrmgtlr. Bu tip bilegiklerin bitkilerde ender bulunmas~ nedeniyle Centaurea ptosimopappoides t6riini.i kirnyasal balumdan tekrar inceledik. Bu gahgmarmzda aromatik glikozit yapls~ndaki bir bilegik elde ettik. Bu bilegik bir Centaurea tiiriinden ilk kez elde edilrnektedir. Bilegib yap1 tayininde spektroskopik yonternlerden yararlmlmgtlr.

Seven flavonoids, six of them being known compounds, named apigenin,kaempferol 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin 3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3, 7-dirhamnoside, kaempferol7-rhamnoside and the new derivative of kaempferol: kaempferol7-methyl ether 3-rhamnoside were obtained from the polar fractions of Cleome amblyocarpa. Theirstructures were determined by spectral and chemical methods.Cleome amblyocalpa and C. brachycarpa are used as folk medicine for the treatment of scabies, abdominal and rheumatic pains, fever and inflammation (1-5). In recent studies on the extracts of C. amblyocarpa (=C. afiicana) the subchronic effects (6), and antidiabetic activity in rats (7), as well as the anti-inflamatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities (8) were studied., Cleome amblyocarpa'hm polar fraksiyonlarrndan yedi flavonoit bilegik elde edildi, alti tanesi daha once elde edilmis olan flavonoitler apigenin, kamferol3-glikozit, kersetin 3-glikozit-7-ramnozit, izoramnetin 3-glikozit-7-ramnozit, kamferol 3,7-diramnozit, kamferol7-ramnozit ve bir yeni kamferol tiirevi: kamferol7-metil eter 3-ramnozittir. Bu bilegiklerin yapllari spektral ve kimyasal metodlarla bulunmugtur. Cleome amblyocarpa'hm polar fraksiyonlarrndan yedi flavonoit bilegik elde edildi, alti tanesi daha once elde edilmis olan flavonoitler apigenin, kamferol3-glikozit, kersetin 3-glikozit-7-ramnozit, izoramnetin 3-glikozit-7-ramnozit, kamferol 3,7-diramnozit, kamferol7-ramnozit ve bir yeni kamferol tiirevi: kamferol7-metil eter 3-ramnozittir. Bu bilegiklerin yapllari spektral ve kimyasal metodlarla bulunmugtur.

Three flavonoids, apigenin, apigenin 7-0-glucoside and chrysoeriol, have been isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia microstegia Boiss. et Bal. Salvia species have been extensively investigated (1-4) because of their potent therapeutic activities (5). In previous phytochernical studies of Salvia microstegia Boiss. et Bal. the isolation of three new diterpenoids, 10-acetylferruginol, 5, 1 1, 12-trihydroxyabieta-8, 1 1, 13-triene (1) and microstegiol (2) and also the isolation of two known diterpenoids, ferruginol and pisiferal have been reported. Microstegiol has been found to show cytotoxic activity. In this study the flavonoids of Salvia micl-ostegia have been investigated. The interest in the chemistry of flavonoids is due to their various influences on biological phenol mena (6). Some have been shown to increase capillary resistance and prevent haemorrhages; others have antibiotic, antitumor or oestrogenic effects

The roots of an endemic Salvia species, Salvia aucheri var. canescens Boiss.and HeIdr. have been investigated and a new aromatic ester together with two diterpenoids, a triterpenoid and a steroidal compound were isolated. The structures of the new and the known compounds were determined by spectral methods and by TLC comparision with authentic samples except for the new compound.Key words: Salvia aucheri var. canescens Boiss. and Heldr.; Labiatae; aromaticester; terpenoidal compounds., The roots of an endemic Salvia species, Salvia auclzeli var. cailesceits Boiss.and HeIdr. have been investigated and a new aromatic ester together with two diterpenoids, a triterpenoid and a steroidal compound were isolated. The structures of the new andthe known compounds were determined by spectral methods and by IZC comparisionwith authentic samples except for the new compound.

Topcu, Gulacti/0000-0002-7946-6545; Ozturk, Mehmet/0000-0001-8932-4535; Topcu, Gulacti/0000-0002-7946-6545; Kolak, Ufuk/0000-0002-0339-635X WOS: 000249059900016 The methanol extract of Salvia macrochlamys Boiss. and Kotschy was fractionated on a silica gel column to yield a group of terpenic compounds. After separation and cleaning, seven known and three new terpenoid compounds were isolated, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including intensive NMR and MS studies. The crude extract was tested in five different systems for antioxidant activity. The extract and monogynol A ( 1) and its three derivatives (2-4) were found to be highly active in a metal chelating test system on ferrous ions.

From the roots of Delphinium linearilobum (Trautv.) N. Busch two new norditerpene alkaloids linearilobin and linearilin, and the known alkaloids lycoctonine, 14-acetyltalatizamine, browniine, cammaconine, talatizamine, and cochlearenine were isolated. Spectroscopic techniques were used for structure determination. Antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH and metal chelating activity assays. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The methanol extract of Plantago major subsp. intermedia (Gilib.) Lange afforded 4 known compounds, namely isomartynoside (1), 10-hydroxymajoroside (2), b -sitosterol (3), and ursolic acid (4). Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. After determination of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the methanol extract, the antioxidant potentials of the crude extract and isolated compounds 1-4 were determined by b -carotene bleaching, DPPH free radical and ABTS cation radical scavenging, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity methods. The methanol extract, rich in phenolic contents, indicated the same DPPH free radical scavenging activity (72% inhibition) as a standard compound, butylated hydroxytoluene, at 100 m g/mL. Isomartynoside (1), a phenylpropanoid glycoside, showed the best inhibition of lipid peroxidation, ABTS cation radical scavenging activity, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity among the tested samples. The anticholinesterase effects of the methanol extract and isolated compounds 1-4 were established using the Ellman method. A triterpenic acid, ursolic acid (4), exhibited moderate acetyl- (54.01 \pm 0.82%) and butyryl-cholinesterase (68.74 \pm 0.36%) inhibitory activity at 200 m g/mL. Isomartynoside (1) was isolated here for the first time from a Plantago species; the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of P. major subsp. intermedia and compounds 1-2 were not previously determined.

Two triterpenoids, namely 2 alpha,3 alpha-dihydroxy-24-nor-4(23), 12-oleanadien-28-oic acid (1) and ursolic acid (2); 4. avonoids, namely 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (3), cirsimaritin (4), eupatilin (5), and salvigenin (6); a diterpenoid, namely sclareol (7); and a steroid, namely beta-sitosterol (8), were isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia poculata Nab., a Turkish endemic Salvia species. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the crude extract were determined as pyrocatechol and quercetin equivalents, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the crude extract and the isolated compounds (2-8) was established using beta-carotene bleaching, superoxide anion radical, and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity. In addition, the anticholinesterase activity of the crude extract and the isolated compounds (2-8) against the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was determined. The phytochemistry and antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of S. poculata were investigated for the first time in this study. The crude extract of S. poculata exhibited a significant antioxidant effect as well as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Ursolic acid (2) and cirsimaritin (4) possessed high butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. AbstractTwo triterpenoids, namely 2α,3α-dihydroxy-24-nor-4(23),12-oleanadien-28-oic acid (1) and ursolic acid(2); 4 flavonoids, namely 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone (3), cirsimaritin (4), eupatilin (5), and salvigenin(6); a diterpenoid, namely sclareol (7); and a steroid, namely β -sitosterol (8), were isolated from the aerialparts of Salvia poculata Nab., a Turkish endemic Salvia species. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents ofthe crude extract were determined as pyrocatechol and quercetin equivalents, respectively. The antioxidantactivity of the crude extract and the isolated compounds (2-8) was established using β -carotene bleaching,superoxide anion radical, and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity. In addition, the anticholinesteraseactivity of the crude extract and the isolated compounds (2-8) against the enzymes acetylcholinesterase(AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was determined. The phytochemistry and antioxidant andanticholinesterase activities of S. poculata were investigated for the first time in this study. The crudeextract of S. poculata exhibited a significant antioxidant effect as well as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitoryactivity. Ursolic acid (2) and cirsimaritin (4) possessed high butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity.Key Words: Salvia poculata; Lamiaceae; antioxidant activity; anticholinesterase activity.

Euphorbia heteradena Jaub. & Spach (Euphorbiaceae), a plant endemic to Turkey, has not been investigated previously. The CH2Cl2 extract of the aerial parts of Euphorbia heteradena yielded 24-methylenecycloartanol, cycloart-25-en-3b ,24-diol, cycloart-22-en-3b ,25-diol, vomifoliol, vomifoliol 9-O-b -D-glucopyranoside, 3,4,3'-tri-O-methoxy ellagic acid, syringic acid and scopoletin. The structures of the isolates were identified by high field spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

Topcu, Gulacti/0000-0002-7946-6545; Ozturk, Mehmet/0000-0001-8932-4535; Topcu, Gulacti/0000-0002-7946-6545 WOS: 000321817800011 The hexane and dichloromethane extracts, obtained by re-extraction of the methanol extract of Salvia fruticosa Mill., afforded 7 diterpenoids (carnosol, carnosic acid, carnosic acid 12-methyl ether, rosmadial, isorosmanol, ferruginol, and manool), 4 triterpenoids (alpha-amyryltetracosanoate, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and erythrodiol), a steroid (3-acetylsitosterol), and a flavone (salvigenin). The galls (apples) of the collected plant were separately extracted with hexane to afford fatty acids composed mainly of oleic acid (29%), palmitoleic acid (29%), and stearic acid (23.20%), which exhibited high anticholinesterase activity, particularly against BChE. The essential oil, obtained from the aerial parts of the plant, exhibited high AChE inhibitory activity, consisting of mainly 1,8-cineol (58.89%). The antioxidant activity according to 6 complementary tests and anticholinesterase potential of the methanol extracts and triterpenoids alpha-amyryltetracosanoate, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and sitosterol acetate were also investigated, and methanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity, surpassing the other tested extracts and pure compounds. Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK - TBAG - 107T592] This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK - TBAG - 107T592).

Ten diterpenoids [6a-hydroxysalvinolone (1), 6 alpha-hydroxytaxodone (2), aethiopinone (3), microstegiol (4). ferruginol (5), saprorthoquinone (6, 11,12-dioxoabieta-8,13-diene (7), taxodione (8), hypargenin A (9), hypargenin D (10)] and three triterpenoids [lupeol 3-acetate, delta-oleanol 3-acetate and beta-sitosterol] were isolated from the roots of Salvia hypargeia, a plant Endemic to Turkey. The crude extract and compounds 1-2, 5-10 were tested against a panel of human cancer cell lines [human breast cancer (BC 1), human lung cancer (LU 2), human colon cancer (COL 2), human epidermoidal carcinoma in mouth (KB), vinblastine-resistant ICB-VI, hormone-dependent human prostate cancer (LNCaP)] as well as P388 and ASK cells in culture. The crude extract was active in all of the rest systems, except KB. Isolates 1 and 8 were also found to mediate a generalized cytotoxic response.

From the roots of Salvia multicaulis, four new aromatic norditerpenoids, multicaulin (1), 12-demethylmulticauline (2), multiorthoquinone (3), and 12-demethylmultiorthoquinone (4), two new abietane diterpenoids, 12-methyl-5-dehydrohorminone (5) and 12-methyl-5-dehydroacetylhorminone (6), as well as a new pimarane diterpenoid, salvipimarone (7), were isolated. Also obtained in this investigation were the known compounds alpha-amyrin, hinokione, horminone, lupeol, manool, 1-oxoferruginol, 18-oxoferruginol, pisiferal, and sempervirol. The structures of compounds 1-7 were established by 1D and 2D NMR techniques and by chemical methods. The antituberculous activity of 1-7 was tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv, and all compounds were found to be significantly active, with 2 and 4-6 being the most potent substances. Six of these novel compounds were evaluated against a number of additional bacterial cultures.

Rivanolün bozunma şartlan incelendi. Bozunma ürünlerinin UV ve IR spektrumları rivanolünkilerle mukayese edildi. Ayrıca bozun­ma ürünlerinin bakterilere karşı olan etkileri dört değişik bakteri cinsinde, 8. aeruginosa, 8. aureus, K. pneumoniae ve E. coli de, rivanolünki ile kıyaslandı.

In a previous paper (1), it was reported that no work was done with P. decora Anders. According to a new survey in the literature, it was found that there is one paper on the roots of P. decorate), but no work was done with its leaves.The ethanolic extract of the leaves had an activity ED50 3.5X0 against cell culture 9KB test system (3).The aim of this study was to find the active compounds of the plant as well as the other compounds.

Özet I:Crataegus monogyna'nm petrol eteri ve benzen-kloroform ekstre-lerinden bir alkaloidal karışım ve sekiz bileşik elde edildi. Bu mad­deler n-triakontan, nonakosanol-1, ^-sitosterol, ursolik asit, meçhul bir triterpenik keto alkol, krategolik asit, kaffeik asit ve oleonolik asittir. Elde edilen alkaloidal karışım incelenmemiştir. Bitkinin alkollü ekstre-si 9KB in vitro test sisteminde antitümör aktivite göstermişse de, aktivite bu fraksiyonlardan ziyade polar fraksiyonlarda olmalıdır.Özet II:Crataegus monogyna'mn alkol, sulu alkol ve suda çözünen frak­siyonları incelendi ve lökosiyanidin, kersetin, kamferol ve rutin izole ve teşhis edildi. Ayrıca elde edilen iki flavon glikozidinin şeker kı­sımları galaktoz olarak bulundu, fakat aglikon kısımları tespit edile­medi. Sulu kısımdan izole edilen asetilflavon glikozidin muhtelif bul­gulara dayanarak asetilviteksin-4-glukozit olduğu tahmin edilmekte­dir.

Six new rearranged abietane diterpenes were isolated from the roots of Salvia limbata. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR techniques including spin decoupling, COSY, APT, HETCOR and COLOC experiments.

Investigation of the aerial parts of Delphinium aibiflorum resulted in the isolation and identification of deacetylheterophylloidine [1] along with hetidine [2] and lycoctonine [3]. Structure 1 for this previously unreported naturally occurring alkaloid was established on the basis of detailed nmr spectral studies and chemical correlation with deacetylheterophylloidine, obtained by the hydrolysis of heterophylloidine [4]. 1 H- and 13 C-nmr chemical shift assignments for 1 and 2 are reported herein.

From the roots of Salvia tchihatcheffi, two new hydroxyabieta-tetraenes diterpenes tchihatine and salvitchihatine, and a new triterpene, erithrodiol diacetate, were isolated in addition to known compounds. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Salvia ceratophylla L. has yielded four known and two now diterpenoids together with two triterpenic acids, a steroid and a flavone. The structures of the compounds were established by spectroscopic analyses. One of the known compounds candidissiol exhibited a high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Proteus mirabilis.

From the roots of Salvia eriophora (Lamiaceae), a new compound, 4,14-dhydroxysaprorthoquinone, was isolated in addition to ten known diterpenoids. The structure of the new compound was established by spectroscopic analysis. The crude extract of the plant and the isolated diterpenoids were tested for their cardiovascular activities using Wistar Albino rats. Activity was demonstrated in the crude extract and in 4,14-dihydroxysaprorthoquinone, aethiopinone, ferruginol, 4,12-dihydroxysapriparaquinone, and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone.

The roots of Salvia blepharochlaena have yielded two new diterpenoids, blephaein (1) and O-methylpisiferic acid methyl ester (2), together with eight known diterpenoids. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis and by some chemical reactions. Potent antibacterial activity was exhibited by the known compounds horminone (9) and 7-acetylhorminone (10) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 P, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12226, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Horminone was also found to be active against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212.

From the roots of Saliva caespitosa Montbret and Aucher ex. Bentham a new diterpene 6beta-hydroxyisopimaric acid (1) has been isolated together with four known diterpenes, one new triterpenoid, 3-acetylvergatic acid (2), as well as five known triterpenoids, two steroids and a flavone. The structures of the compounds were established by spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds were tested against standard bacterial strains. Only the new diterpene, 6beta-hydroxyisopimaric acid has strong activity (MIC 9 mug/ml) against S. aureus and (MIC 18 mug/ml) against S. epidermidis as well as against B. subtilis (MIC 9 mug/ml).

A new noricetexane diterpene, salvimultine, has been isolated from the polar fractions of Salvia multicaulis. Its structure was established as 1(10)-seco-2(10)-cyclo-icetexane by using 1D and 2D NMR spectral methods, including COSY, HETCOR, COLOC, and NOESY experiments as well as HRMS.

A new norditerpenoid and six new triterpenoids were isolated from the roots of Salvia kronenburgii The new diterpenoid was kronenquinone (1). The new triterpenoids were 1 beta,2 alpha,3 beta,11 alpha-tetrahydroxy-olean-12-ene (2), 1 beta,2 alpha,3 beta,11 alpha-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-ene (3), 2 alpha-acetoxy-urs-5,12-diene-3 beta,11 alpha-diol (4), 3 alpha-acetoxy-urs-12-ene-1 beta,11 alpha-diol (5), 1 beta,3 alpha,11 alpha-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene (6), 2 alpha,3 beta,11 alpha-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene (7), and the known triterpenes 3 beta-acetoxy-urs-12-ene-1 beta,2 alpha,11 alpha-triol (8) and 3 beta-acetoxyolean-12-ene-1 beta,2 alpha,11 alpha-triol (9). Structures were determined by NMR and MS techniques.

Seven diterpenoids, three of them being new, salvirecognine, salvirecognine, 6 alpha-hydroxy-11,12-dioxo-8,13-abieta-diene, were isolated from the roots of Salvia recognita together with three known triterpenoids. The structures of the known compounds were established by comparing their spectral data to those of authentic samples as well as by TLC comparisons. The structures of the new compounds were deduced by 1D and 2D NMR techniques including APT, DEFT, COSY and HETCOR. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Two new diterpenoids, 3-oxo-12-methoxy-14-hydroxyabieta-8, 11,13-triene and 6-oxo-12-peroxyabieta-8,11,13-triene, a new steroid brassicasterone and a new aromatic ester 4,4'-bisbenzoic acid heptyl ester were obtained from the roots of Salvia multicaulis. In addition six known triterpenoids, six diterpenoids and sitosterol were identified. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

From the aerial parts of Consolida armeniaca, (Stapf. Ex Huth.) Schrod. a new norditerpenoid alkaloid named consolarine has been isolated along with the known alkaloids ajadelphinine, gigactonine, and lycoctonine. The structure of consolarine (2) was established on the basis of H-1, C-13, DEFT, homonuclear H-1 COSY, HETCOR, NOESY, and COLOC NMR spectral studies.

The following compounds have been identified in the aerial parts of Salvia cyanescens: a new diterpenoid 12-isopentenyl-3-oxosalvipisone, two sesquiterpenes caryophyllene oxide, spathulenol, five diterpenes diterpenes manoyl oxide, 11 beta-hydroxymanoyl oxide, ferruginol, aethiopinone and salvipisone, three triterpenes alpha-amyrin, alpha-amyrin 3-acetate and lupeol 3-acetate as well as sitosterol and four flavonoids salvigenin, 6-hydroxyapigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether, 6-hydroxykaempferol-3,6-dimethyl ether and kaempferol-3,7-dimethyl ether. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

A new sterodial compound 1-oxo-7 alpha-hydroxysitosterol was isolated from the whole plant of Salvia glutinosa in addition to 11 known triterpenoids and three steroids. The structures were established by spectral data. Cytotoxic activity of the new compound and 7 alpha-hydroxysitosterol were tested against P-388 and KB systems; only marginal activity was found. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

From the roots of Salvia candidissima Vahl subsp. candidissima, in addition to diterpenoids, two new diterpenes, a new steroidal ester and alpha-amyrin acetate were isolated. The structures were established by spectral data and by some chemical reactions. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

The roots of Salvia sclarea yielded two triterpenoids, 3-oxo-oleanolic acid, alpha-amyrin, a steroid sitosterol and 12 diterpenoids, two of which are new. The known diterpenoids are ferruginol, salvipisone, microstegiol, candidissiol, 2,3-dehydrosalvipisone, aethiopinone, 1-oxoaethiopinone, salvinolone, cryptojaponol, Delta(7)-manool, and the new compounds are sclareapinone and acetylsalvipisone. The structures were established by spectral data and also by TLC comparison for the known compounds. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Two new rearranged neo-clerodane diterpenoids, alysines D (1) and E (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Teucrium alyssifolium. Their structures were established by spectral methods including 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

From the aerial parts of Consolida raveyi (Boiss) Schrod., a new norditerpenoid alkaloid designated as raveyine has been isolated along with the known alkaloids ajaconine, azitine, chellespontine and isoatisine. The structure of raveyine (4) was determined on the basis of homonuclear H-1 decoupled C-13, DEPT, 2D H-1 phase sensitive COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, H-1-C-13 HMQC, HMQC-clean TOCSY and HMBC NMR spectral studies.

Three new hetisane-type diterpenoid alkaloids, davisinol (6), 18-benzoyldavisinol (7), and Davisin (9) have been isolated from Delphinium davisii Munz. and their structures established by detailed spectroscopic studies. Accurate H-1- and C-13-NMR assignments have been made for kobusine (8), a related hetisane-type alkaloid, and karakoline (5), a norditerpenoid alkaloid. The known norditerpenoid alkaloids 14-acetylperegrine (4), 6-deacetylperegrine (3), and karakoline (5) and the diterpenoid alkaloids hetisine and hetisinone were also isolated.

From the roots of Salvia forskahlei a new diterpenoid, forskalinone, two new aromatic compounds, the octanol esters of cis- and trans-4-O-methyl-caffeic acid dimers, were isolated together with the known compounds stigmast-3-one, sitosterol and alpha-amyrin. The structures of the new and the known compounds were established by spectral data. The antimicrobial activity of forskalinone and the dimeric cinnamic acid esters was tested against standard bacterial strains and a yeast, namely Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus 6538P, S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 14153, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Klebsiella pneumonia ATC 4352, Pseudomonus aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, beta-haemolytic Streptococcus and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Forskalinone showed moderate resistance against S. epidermidis (670 mu g ml(-1)) and slight activity against E. faecalis (168 mu g ml(-1)). trans-4-O-Methyl-caffeic acid dimer octanol ester was inactive while the cis isomer showed a slight activity against C. albicans (156 mu g ml(-1)).

In a previous study we have isolated live known and a new diterpenoid alkaloids from the aerial parts of Aconitum nasutum. In the present paper the structure of a nem and rather rare diterpenoid alkaloid aconasutine was determined by using ID and 2D NMR techniques.

The aerial parts of Salvia yosgadensis afforded five new terpenes with unusual skeletons, together with two known norditerpenes, ambreinolide and norambreinolide. The new compounds were elucidated as 6 alpha-hydroxyambreinolide, 6 alpha-hydroxynorambreinolide, 6 alpha-hydroxy-8 alpha-acetoxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdan-12-oic acid, and two 19,20-dinorsesterterpenes, named as yosgadensonol and 13-epi-yosgadensonol. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means, particularly by extensive 1D and 2D NMR studies.

From an ethanolic extract of Delphinium formosum, in addition to a group C-19 alkaloids, a new benzoxepine derivative was isolated, whose structure was elucidated by spectral data, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques, as 1,1',7-trimethyl-2-oxo-3,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-benztetrahydrooxepine.

From the aerial parts of Teucrium alyssifolium in addition to previously obtained neo-clerodane diterpenoids, a new flavanone alysifolinone and three flavones cirsiliol, cirsilineol and luteolin-6, 7, 3', 4'-tetramethyl ether, were isolated. The structure of the compounds was established by spectral data, and by TLC comparison for the known compounds.

From the aerial parts of Consolida oliveriana (DC) Schrod. a new norditerpenoid alkaloid consolidine (2) has been isolated, in addition to the known alkaloids pubescenine (1), gigactonine, and delsoline and the diterpenoid alkaloid ajaconine (4). The structure of alkaloid 2 was established on the basis of its physical and spectroscopic data including detailed NMR studies. A detailed NMR study on ajaconine (4) resulted in the revision of 11 C-13 chemical shift assignments.

Together with five known alkaloids, a new norditerpenoid alkaloid was isolated from the above-ground parts of Aconitum nasutum. The new compound was identified as 3-hydroxytalatisamine on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

From the aerial parts of Delphinium formosum , a new norditerpenoid alkaloid, N -acetyldelectine (14-demethylajacine), was isolated, in addition to six known compounds, lycoctonine, delsemine A, delsemine B, delectine, delcosine and anthranoyllycoctonine. The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods.

From the aerial parts of Salvia yosgadensis we have obtained two new sesterterpenes, yosgadensolide A (6 alpha,14-dihydroxymanoyloxide-15,17-dien-16,19-olide) and yosgadensolide B (6 alpha,16-dihydroxymanoyloxide-14,17-dien-16,19-olide) and their epimers. In addition, a known sesquiterpene, three known sesquiterpene lactones, eight known flavonoids and two known aromatics were isolated.