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High-speed data communication is becoming essential for many applications, including satellite communication. The security algorithms associated with the communication of information are also required to have high-speed for coping up with the communication speed. Moreover, the Authenticated Encryption (AE) algorithms provide high-speed communication and security services include data encryption, authentication, and integrity. The AE algorithms are available with serial and parallel architectures; among them, the Galois Counter Mode (GCM) algorithm has a parallel architecture. The Synthetic Initialization Vector (SIV) mode in the AES-GCM-SIV algorithm provides the nonce misuse protection using the GCM algorithm. Besides, reduced data throughput is provided using the AES-GCM-SIV algorithm as compared to the AES-GCM algorithm. This work introduced a parallel algorithm with re-keying and randomization of the initialization vector for high data throughput, nonce misuse protection, and side-channel attack protection. The implementation of the proposed algorithm is performed on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and it’s compared with the FPGA implementations of AES-GCM, AES-GCM-SIV, and recently introduced algorithms. The optimization of the proposed algorithm and security analysis is presented for space application using different optimizations and a combination of optimizations.

The digital design methodologies are evolving with the increase of digital systems utilization in daily life. The Model Based Design (MBD) methodology provides a unique methodology for design and implementation of digital systems on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Recently, a lot of research effort has been put to exploit new methodologies for designing and prototyping of digital systems on FPGA. The FPGA hardware provides prototyping which provides means of verifying your design at an early stage of development cycle. This helps to evaluate design trade-offs by testing the design in real-time on hardware. Making prototypes is a common practice in research-oriented projects. However, it requires excess development time which increases time to market of the product. This paper illustrates the use of reconfigurable MBD for rapid prototyping of digital systems on Microsemi ACTEL FPGAs for improving the design-cycle and time-to-market of a product. The model is simulated to verify the functionality of the design at system-level and a high-level code is generated from the MBD toolset embedded in MATLAB for hardware implementation. Then, a High-Level Synthesis (HLS) is performed on the generated code which converts this high-level code into Verilog-HDL suitable for hardware implementation on FPGA. Hence, this work presents a methodology and its analysis for design of digital system using high-level synthesis on Microsemi ACTEL FPGA.

Over the past 60 years, satellite technology has demonstrated its usefulness successfully. However, this usefulness is at stake from a future point of view, due to the well-admitted orbital/space debris threat. This article thoroughly reviews all aspects of space debris issue including causes, amount and sizes of orbital debris, potential threats, counter-strategies with their latest status and related legal issues to highlight the criticality and urgency of the problem. This review elaborates the fact that despite all the worries and threats, the efforts to confront this challenge are considerably insufficient until today. This bitter reality demands for at-least curtailing the number of future launches to ensure the long-term sustainability of space, until the improvement in debris situation. However, contradictory to this necessity, large satellite constellations have been proposed that can drastically increase the existing orbital population in coming years. This approach will certainly not help in improving the space environment in the future; instead, it can worsen the space environment situation as recent studies shows. Also, space resources (i.e. orbital slots and frequencies) are limited to accommodate many more satellite projects from commercial and government organization in the future. So, there is a serious question of how the space industry can move forward to maintain a balance in controlling the future number of the satellite while accommodating many commercial or government space entities. This article also identifies two optimized approaches as a way forward for future satellite projects that can also enhance the effectiveness of space technology in the future.

Edge detection has been the foremost step in image processing and computer vision, because an edge representation drastically reduces the amount of data to be processed. Although classical methods of edge detection like Sobel, Canny, etc. are simple to use but has a dilemma between noise removal and edge localization. If noise is to be removed by using a low pass filter then edges are blurred. However, if edges have to be preserved then noise severly corrupts the edge map. In this paper, we have proposed a new method of edge detection, BiGaussian edge Filter, which simultaneously removes noise from real life images, while generating well localized edges. We have compared our method using images form Berkely’s segmentation data set. Experimental results show the robustness of our method to noise in real life images.