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1. Dietary inflammatory index and all-cause mortality in large cohorts: The SUN and PREDIMED studies

Author

Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (España), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Fundación Mapfre, Junta de Andalucía, Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Diputación Foral de Navarra, García-Arellano, Ana, Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, Ramallal, Raúl, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, Hébert, James R., Corella, Dolores, Shivappa, Nitin, Forga, Luis, Schröder, Helmut, Muñoz-Bravo, C., Estruch, Ramón, Hernández, P., Murillo, C., Mestres, G., Mengual, L., Serra-Majem, Lluis, Juan, C.de, Romaguera, Dora, Ruiz-Canela, Miguel, Vizcaíno, J., Bautista Castaño, I., Mendonça, Raquel Bicudo Deus, Farré, M., Basora-Gallisa, J., Barrio López, M.T., Buil-Cosiales, Pilar, Sarmiendo de la Fe, F., Medina-Remón, Alexander, Sánchez Luque, J. J., Sorlí, J., Cervantes, S., Pérez-Heras, A., Gil Zarzosa, J., Villanueva Moreno, R., Goni-Ochandorena, E., Lasanta-Sáez, M.J., Cia-Lecumberri, P., Fernandez-Urzainqui, L., Sáiz, C., Schroder, H., Carrasco, P., Doménech, M., Mellado, L., Toledo-Atucha, J., Guillen-Grima, F., Marrugat, J., Sáez, G., Ruiz Zambrana, A., Miró-Moriano, L., Zazpe Garcia, I, Godoy, D., Segarra, R., Toledo, Estefania, Molina, C., Loma-Osorio, A., Martínez, E., Bulló, Mònica, Vinyoles, E., Estremera-Urabayen, J. V., García, Y., Simón, C., Amorós, M., Navajas, R., Sánchez-Navarro, S., Casi, A., Pimenta, A. M., Tabar-Sarrias, J. A., Cruz, E. de la, Pascual-Pascual, P., Riera, C., García-Pérez, L., Carratalá-Calvo, A., Sanchez-Tainta, A., Ariz-Arnedo, M.J., Galera, A., Arina-Vergara, E., Martínez-González, José, Munuera, S., Francés, F., Felipe, I., Martínez, P., Gea, A., Díaz-López, A., Santana Santana, A. J., Serra-Mir, Mercè, Ros, Emilio, Villanueva, P., Becerra-Tomás, Nerea, Rosique-Esteban, N., Papandreou, Christopher, García, J., Prieto, R., Bestard, F., Osma, R., Baena, J.M., Figuerido-Garmendia, E., Pla, I., Tafalla, M., Benavent, J., Sánchez, M. S., Proenza, A., García, M., Vivo, M., Garcés Ducar, M. L., Bonet, M.T., Casas, Ricard, Bobe, I., Altés, A., Ginard, M., Díez-Espino, Javier, López-Sabater, M. C., Wärnberg, Julia, Valls-Pedret, C., Basells, J., Serrano-Martinez, M., Giménez, F.J., Velasco García, V., González, R., González, J. I., Barragán, Rocío, Martín, F., Muñoz-Aguayo, Daniel, Elosua, Roberto, Rovira, A., Fernández-Rodríguez, M. J., Román, Pablo, Quifer-Rada, P., Fernández-Crehuet, Joaquín, Llorca, J., Tort, N., Iglesias, P., Clos, J., Ferreira, C., Lopez del Burgo, C., Llauradó, M., Sarasa, Iziar, Jover, A., Altirriba, J., Bianchi Alba, M., Lahortiga, F., García-Rodriguez, A., Cabeza-Beunza, J. A., Fernández-Ballart, J., Pascual, V., Pages, M.A., del Hierro, T., Mata, M., Corbella, X., García, L., Maestre, E., Barcena, A. F., Sorlí, José V., Carlos, Silvia, Balanza, R., Rodríguez, M. A., Pedret, R., Castañer, Olga, Oreja-Arrayago, C., Ortega-Azorín, Carolina, Cervello, T., Maldonado Díaz, I., Ramos, A., Gómez-Huelgas, R., García Roselló, J., Benito Crochon, S., Arroyo-Azpa, C., Guillén, M., Martín, M. T., Coltell, O., García-Valdueza, M., Frontera, G., Fernandez Montero, A., Rosa, Pedro Antonio de la, Tur, Josep A., Díez Benítez, E., Razquin, Cristina, Molina, N., Salaverria Lete, Itziar, Amat, J., Alonso, A., Araque, M., Fernández-Carrión, Rebeca, Montull, I., Asensio, Eva M., Algorta, J., Portolés, Olga, Duaso, I., Sanz, E., Donat-Vargas, Carolina, Sayón-Orea, Carmen, Guarner, A., Fiol, F., Guasch‐Ferré, Marta, Simón García, C., Oller, M., Brau, A., Benítez Pont, R., Sánchez-Villegas, A., Diego Salas, J. de, Domínguez-Espinaco, C., Vaquero-Díaz, S., Lozano-Rodríguez, J.M., Marti, A., Núñez-Córdoba, J.M., Vázquez Ruiz, Z., Roura, P., Babio, Nancy, Baca Osorio, A., Valero-Barcelo, C., Basterra-Gortari, F. Javier, Salas-Huetos, A., Munar, J.A., Elcarte-Lopez, T., Donazar, M., San Vicente, J., Santamaria, M. I., Isach, A., Yuste, M. C., Ortega-Calvo, Manuel, Pintó-Salas, X., Trias, Ferrán, Muñoz, Miguel Ángel, Viñas, C., Esparza-López, J.M., Martínez-Mazo, M.D., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Vila, J., Castellote-Bargalló, Ana I., Leal, M., Artal-Moneva, F., Coll, L., Lamuela-Raventós, Rosa M., Torre, Rafael de la, Tresserra-Rimbau, A., Quinzavos, L., Sanjulian, B., Macua-Martínez, T., Irala, J. de, Sala-Vila, Aleix, Tello, S., Beunza, J.J., Francisco, S., Falcón Sanabria, I., Díaz, A., Solis, E., Lapetra, José, Mena, G., Liroz, M., Manzano, E., Corchado, Y., Goday, A., Gonzaláz-Monje, I., Rovira, M.A., Iglesias, C., Macías Gutiérrez, B., Parra, L., Álvarez-Pérez, J., Cabezas, C., Quiles, L., Baby, P., Ibarrola-Jurado, Nuria, Cabre, M., Parra-Osés, A., Cofán, Montserrat, Fuente, Carmen de la, Santos-Lozano, J. M., Guillem-Saiz, P., Martínez, J. A., Fernández, M., Mari-Sanchıs, A., Rico, A., Giardina, S., Canudas, Silvia, Paris, F., Marti Massó, R., Gutierrez, E., Corbella, Emili, Fiol, Miquel, Vargas López, E., Portillo, María P., Rekondo, Javier, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (España), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Fundación Mapfre, Junta de Andalucía, Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Diputación Foral de Navarra, García-Arellano, Ana, Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, Ramallal, Raúl, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, Hébert, James R., Corella, Dolores, Shivappa, Nitin, Forga, Luis, Schröder, Helmut, Muñoz-Bravo, C., Estruch, Ramón, Hernández, P., Murillo, C., Mestres, G., Mengual, L., Serra-Majem, Lluis, Juan, C.de, Romaguera, Dora, Ruiz-Canela, Miguel, Vizcaíno, J., Bautista Castaño, I., Mendonça, Raquel Bicudo Deus, Farré, M., Basora-Gallisa, J., Barrio López, M.T., Buil-Cosiales, Pilar, Sarmiendo de la Fe, F., Medina-Remón, Alexander, Sánchez Luque, J. J., Sorlí, J., Cervantes, S., Pérez-Heras, A., Gil Zarzosa, J., Villanueva Moreno, R., Goni-Ochandorena, E., Lasanta-Sáez, M.J., Cia-Lecumberri, P., Fernandez-Urzainqui, L., Sáiz, C., Schroder, H., Carrasco, P., Doménech, M., Mellado, L., Toledo-Atucha, J., Guillen-Grima, F., Marrugat, J., Sáez, G., Ruiz Zambrana, A., Miró-Moriano, L., Zazpe Garcia, I, Godoy, D., Segarra, R., Toledo, Estefania, Molina, C., Loma-Osorio, A., Martínez, E., Bulló, Mònica, Vinyoles, E., Estremera-Urabayen, J. V., García, Y., Simón, C., Amorós, M., Navajas, R., Sánchez-Navarro, S., Casi, A., Pimenta, A. M., Tabar-Sarrias, J. A., Cruz, E. de la, Pascual-Pascual, P., Riera, C., García-Pérez, L., Carratalá-Calvo, A., Sanchez-Tainta, A., Ariz-Arnedo, M.J., Galera, A., Arina-Vergara, E., Martínez-González, José, Munuera, S., Francés, F., Felipe, I., Martínez, P., Gea, A., Díaz-López, A., Santana Santana, A. J., Serra-Mir, Mercè, Ros, Emilio, Villanueva, P., Becerra-Tomás, Nerea, Rosique-Esteban, N., Papandreou, Christopher, García, J., Prieto, R., Bestard, F., Osma, R., Baena, J.M., Figuerido-Garmendia, E., Pla, I., Tafalla, M., Benavent, J., Sánchez, M. S., Proenza, A., García, M., Vivo, M., Garcés Ducar, M. L., Bonet, M.T., Casas, Ricard, Bobe, I., Altés, A., Ginard, M., Díez-Espino, Javier, López-Sabater, M. C., Wärnberg, Julia, Valls-Pedret, C., Basells, J., Serrano-Martinez, M., Giménez, F.J., Velasco García, V., González, R., González, J. I., Barragán, Rocío, Martín, F., Muñoz-Aguayo, Daniel, Elosua, Roberto, Rovira, A., Fernández-Rodríguez, M. J., Román, Pablo, Quifer-Rada, P., Fernández-Crehuet, Joaquín, Llorca, J., Tort, N., Iglesias, P., Clos, J., Ferreira, C., Lopez del Burgo, C., Llauradó, M., Sarasa, Iziar, Jover, A., Altirriba, J., Bianchi Alba, M., Lahortiga, F., García-Rodriguez, A., Cabeza-Beunza, J. A., Fernández-Ballart, J., Pascual, V., Pages, M.A., del Hierro, T., Mata, M., Corbella, X., García, L., Maestre, E., Barcena, A. F., Sorlí, José V., Carlos, Silvia, Balanza, R., Rodríguez, M. A., Pedret, R., Castañer, Olga, Oreja-Arrayago, C., Ortega-Azorín, Carolina, Cervello, T., Maldonado Díaz, I., Ramos, A., Gómez-Huelgas, R., García Roselló, J., Benito Crochon, S., Arroyo-Azpa, C., Guillén, M., Martín, M. T., Coltell, O., García-Valdueza, M., Frontera, G., Fernandez Montero, A., Rosa, Pedro Antonio de la, Tur, Josep A., Díez Benítez, E., Razquin, Cristina, Molina, N., Salaverria Lete, Itziar, Amat, J., Alonso, A., Araque, M., Fernández-Carrión, Rebeca, Montull, I., Asensio, Eva M., Algorta, J., Portolés, Olga, Duaso, I., Sanz, E., Donat-Vargas, Carolina, Sayón-Orea, Carmen, Guarner, A., Fiol, F., Guasch‐Ferré, Marta, Simón García, C., Oller, M., Brau, A., Benítez Pont, R., Sánchez-Villegas, A., Diego Salas, J. de, Domínguez-Espinaco, C., Vaquero-Díaz, S., Lozano-Rodríguez, J.M., Marti, A., Núñez-Córdoba, J.M., Vázquez Ruiz, Z., Roura, P., Babio, Nancy, Baca Osorio, A., Valero-Barcelo, C., Basterra-Gortari, F. Javier, Salas-Huetos, A., Munar, J.A., Elcarte-Lopez, T., Donazar, M., San Vicente, J., Santamaria, M. I., Isach, A., Yuste, M. C., Ortega-Calvo, Manuel, Pintó-Salas, X., Trias, Ferrán, Muñoz, Miguel Ángel, Viñas, C., Esparza-López, J.M., Martínez-Mazo, M.D., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Vila, J., Castellote-Bargalló, Ana I., Leal, M., Artal-Moneva, F., Coll, L., Lamuela-Raventós, Rosa M., Torre, Rafael de la, Tresserra-Rimbau, A., Quinzavos, L., Sanjulian, B., Macua-Martínez, T., Irala, J. de, Sala-Vila, Aleix, Tello, S., Beunza, J.J., Francisco, S., Falcón Sanabria, I., Díaz, A., Solis, E., Lapetra, José, Mena, G., Liroz, M., Manzano, E., Corchado, Y., Goday, A., Gonzaláz-Monje, I., Rovira, M.A., Iglesias, C., Macías Gutiérrez, B., Parra, L., Álvarez-Pérez, J., Cabezas, C., Quiles, L., Baby, P., Ibarrola-Jurado, Nuria, Cabre, M., Parra-Osés, A., Cofán, Montserrat, Fuente, Carmen de la, Santos-Lozano, J. M., Guillem-Saiz, P., Martínez, J. A., Fernández, M., Mari-Sanchıs, A., Rico, A., Giardina, S., Canudas, Silvia, Paris, F., Marti Massó, R., Gutierrez, E., Corbella, Emili, Fiol, Miquel, Vargas López, E., Portillo, María P., and Rekondo, Javier

Abstract

[Background]: Inflammation is known to be related to the leading causes of death including cardiovascular disease, several types of cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, depression-suicide and other chronic diseases. In the context of whole dietary patterns, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) was developed to appraise the inflammatory potential of the diet. [Objective]: We prospectively assessed the association between DII scores and all-cause mortality in two large Spanish cohorts and valuated the consistency of findings across these two cohorts and results published based on other cohorts., [Design]: We assessed 18,566 participants in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) cohort followed-up during 188,891 person-years and 6790 participants in the “PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterránea” (PREDIMED) randomized trial representing 30,233 person-years of follow-up. DII scores were calculated in both cohorts from validated FFQs. Higher DII scores corresponded to more proinflammatory diets. A total of 230 and 302 deaths occurred in SUN and PREDIMED, respectively. In a random-effect meta-analysis we included 12 prospective studies (SUN, PREDIMED and 10 additional studies) that assessed the association between DII scores and all-cause mortality., [Results]: After adjusting for a wide array of potential confounders, the comparison between extreme quartiles of the DII showed a positive and significant association with all-cause mortality in both the SUN (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.98; P-trend = 0.004) and the PREDIMED cohort (HR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.02; P-trend = 0.009). In the meta-analysis of 12 cohorts, the DII was significantly associated with an increase of 23% in all-cause mortality (95% CI: 16%–32%, for the highest vs lowest category of DII)., [Conclusion]: Our results provide strong and consistent support for the hypothesis that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased all-cause mortality. The SUN cohort and PREDIMED trial were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02669602 and at isrctn.com as ISRCTN35739639, respectively.

Published
2019

2. Potato consumption does not increase blood pressure or incident hypertension in 2 cohorts of Spanish adults

Author

Hu, E.A., Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, Salas-Salvadó, J., Corella, D., Ros, E., Fitó, Montserrat, García-Rodriguez, A., Estruch, R., Arós, F., Fiol, M., Lapetra, José, Tresserra-Rimbau, A., Amat, J., García Roselló, J., Sanchez-Villegas, A., Álvarez-Pérez, J., Amorós, M., Cervello, T., Díez Benítez, E., Rovira, M.A., Altirriba, J., Sáiz, C., Mata, M., Bautista-Castaño, Inmaculada, Maldonado Díaz, I., Fernández-Rodríguez, M. J., Duaso, I., Becerra-Tomás, Nerea, Trias, F., García, L., Brau, A., Sáez, G., Corbella, E., de Diego Salas, J., Fernández-Montero, A., Yuste, M.C., Prieto, R., Pérez-de-Ciriza, P., Bobe, I., Navajas, Sánchez-Ruiz, D., Schröder, H., Jurado-Ruiz, E., Portillo, M.P., Buil-Cosiales, P., Sarmiendo de la Fe, F., Sánchez Luque, J.J., Ferreira, C., Zazpe, I., Díez-Espino, Javier, Sarasa, I., Sanjulian, B., Marti, A., Sorlí, J.V., Portolés, O., Martínez, J. Alfredo, Baby, P., Ibarrola-Jurado, Nuria, Serrano-Martínez, M., Sánchez-Tainta, A., Fernández-Crehuet, Joaquín, Pascual, V., García-Arellano, A., Fernandez, M., Paris, F., Giménez, F.J., Basteara-Gortari, J., Extremera-Urabayen, J.V., Benítez Pont, R., Viñas, C., Algorta, J., Garcia-Pérez, L., Serra-Majem, L., Bonet, M.T., Riera, C., Arroyo-Azpa, C., Guarner, A., Sola-Larraza, A., Barcena, F., García, Y., Gutiérrez-Bedmar, M., Casas, R., Oreja-Arrayago, C., Lasanta-Sáez, M.J., Mena, G., Francisco, S., Cia-Lecumberri, P., García-Valdueza, M., Diáz, A., Elcarte-Lopez, T., Artal-Moneva, F., Martín, M.T., Vargas López, E., Medina-Remón, A., Iglesias, C., Esparza-López, J.M., Figuerido-Garmendia, E., Cabre, M., Coltell, O., Wärnberg, J., Tabar-Sarrias, J.A., Pages, M.A., Rebholz, C.M., Fernández-Urzainqui, L., Ariz-Arnedo, M.J., San Vicente, J., Martínez, P., Cabeza-Beunza, J.A., Simón, C., Rekondo, J., Sánchez, M.S., Pascual-Pascual, P., Martínez-Mazo, M.D., Arina-Vergara, E., Godoy, D., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Valentina, Villanueva, P., Quinzavos, L., Manzano, E., Martin, F., de Juan, C., Basells, J., Pla, I., Tur, J.A., Vizcaino, J., Basora-Gallisa, J., Núñez-Córdoba, J.M., Segarra, R., Hernández, P., Araque, M., Giardina, S., Macua-Martínez, T., Gutierrez, E., Toledo, E., Pedret, R., Guasch-Ferré, Marta, Baena, J.M., Pintó, Xavier, Díaz-López, A., Rosique-Esteban, N., Fernández-Ballart, J., Parra, L., Velasco García, V., Balanza, R., Tello, S., Ramos, A., Simón García, C., Vila, J., Altés, A., Proenza, A., de la Torre, Rafael, Muñoz-Aguayo, D., Murillo, C., Fernández-Carrión, R., Rodríguez, M.A., Elosua, R., Tort, N., Casi, A., Falcón Sanabria, I., Marrugat, J., Ruiz-Canela, M., Carratalá-Calvo, A., Mengual, L., Guillem-Saiz, P., Molina, N., Maestre, E., Gómez-Huelgas, R., Corbella, X., Rovira, A., González, R., Castañer, O., Farré, M., Sanz, E., García, J., González-Monje, I., Sánchez-Navarro, S., Carrasco, P., Ortega-Azorín, C., Romaguera, D., Roura, P., Asensio, E.M., Vázquez-Ruiz, Z., Canudas, S., Osma, R., Barragán, R., Muñoz, M.A., Martínez-González, J., Razquin, C., Valero-Barceló, C., Felipe, I., Francés, F., Guillén, M., González, J.I., Macías Gutiérrez, B., Tafalla, M., Bulló, M., Salaverria, I., Loma-Osorio, A., Baca Osorio, A., Munuera, S., Alonso, A., Sorlí, J., Vivó, M., Benitez Pont, R., Llauradó, M., Bestard, F., Montero Romero, Emilio, Molina, C., Munar, J.A., Cofán, M., Papandreou, C., Frontera, G., Coll, L., Quiles, L., Isach, A., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Perona, Javier S., Fiol, F., del Hierro, T., Ginard, M., Jover, A., Liroz, M., Parra-Osés, A., Gómez-Gracia, Enrique, Montull, I., Santos-Lozano, J.M., Ortega-Calvo, M., Valls-Pedret, C., García, M., Leal, M., Gil Zarzosa, J., Rico, A., Serra-Mir, M., Martínez, E., Mellado, L., Babio, N., Santana Santana, A.J., Benavent, J., Miró-Moriano, L., De la Fuente-Arrillaga, C., Oller, M., Domínguez-Espinaco, C., Bianchi Alba, M., Vaquero-Diaz, S., Iglesias, P., Cabezas, C., Sala-Vila, A., de la Cruz, E., Román, P., Corchado, Y., Solis, E., Clos, J., Lozano-Rodríguez, J.M., Mestres, G., García-García, M., Lamuela-Raventós, Rosa M., López-Sabater, M.C., Santamaria, M.I., Salas-Huetos, A., Galera, A., Vinyoles, E., Castellote-Bargalló, A. I., Quifer-Rada, P., Gea, A., Pérez-Heras, A., Doménech, M., Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and Junta de Andalucía

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Diastole, Medicine (miscellaneous), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Mediterranean, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal science, Glycemic load, SUN cohort, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intervention trial, Prospective cohort study, Potatoes, Generalized estimating equation, Aged, Solanum tuberosum, Aged, 80 and over, Nutrition and Dietetics, Increase blood pressure, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), PREDIMED study, Middle Aged, Diet, Blood pressure, Spain, Hypertension, Female, business
Abstract

5 Tablas, Background: Potatoes have a high glycemic load but also antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. It is unclear what mechanisms are involved in relation to their effect on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between potato consumption, BP changes, and the risk of hypertension in 2 Spanish populations. Methods: Separate analyses were performed in PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea), a multicenter nutrition intervention trial of adults aged 55-80 y, and the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) project, a prospective cohort made up of university graduates and educated adults with ages (means±SDs) of 42.7±13.3 y for men and 35.1± 10.7 y for women. In PREDIMED, generalized estimating equations adjusted for lifestyle and dietary characteristics were used to assess changes in BP across quintiles of total potato consumption during a 4-y follow-up. Controlled BP values (systolic BP < 140 mm Hg and diastolic BP < 90 mm Hg) during follow-up were also assessed. For SUN, multivariateadjusted HRs for incident hypertension during a mean 6.7-y follow-up were calculated. Results: In PREDIMED, the total potato intake was 81.9 ± 40.6 g/d. No overall differences in systolic or diastolic BP changes were detected based on consumption of potatoes. For total potatoes, the mean difference in change between quintile 5 (highest intake) and quintile 1 (lowest intake) in systolic BP after multivariate adjustment was 20.90 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.56, 0.76 mm Hg; P-trend = 0.1) and for diastolic BP was 20.02 mm Hg (95% CI: -0.93, 0.89 mm Hg; P-trend = 0.8). In SUN, the total potato consumption was 52.7 ± 33.6 g/d, and no significant association between potato consumption and hypertension incidence was observed in the fully adjusted HR for total potato consumption (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.19; P-trend = 0.8). Conclusions: Potato consumption is not associated with changes over 4 y in blood pressure among older adults in Spain or with the risk of hypertension among Spanish adults., Supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish Government, Instituto de Salud Carlos III through grants provided to research networks specifically developed for the trial (RTIC G03/140, to RE; RTIC RD 06/0045, to MAM-G) and through Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), and by grants from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC 06/2007), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria–Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional [Proyecto de Investigación (PI) 04-2239, PI 05/2584, CP06/00100, PI07/0240, PI07/1138, PI07/0954, PI 07/0473, PI10/01407, PI10/02658, PI11/01647, P11/02505 and PI13/00462], Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación [Recursos y teconologia agroalimentarias (AGL)-2009-13906-C02 and AGL2010-22319-C03 and AGL2013-49083-C3-1-R], Fundación Mapfre 2010, the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0105/2007), the Public Health Division of the Department of Health of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Generalitat Valenciana [Generalitat Valenciana Ayuda Complementaria (GVACOMP) 06109, GVACOMP2010-181, GVACOMP2011-151], Conselleria de Sanitat y AP; Atención Primaria (CS) 2010-AP-111 and CS2011-AP-042, and Regional Government of Navarra (P27/2011).

Published
2017

3. Potato consumption does not increase blood pressure or incident hypertension in 2 cohorts of Spanish adults

Author

Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Hu, E.A., Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, Salas-Salvadó, J., Corella, D., Ros, E., Fitó, Montserrat, García-Rodriguez, A., Estruch, R., Arós, F., Fiol, M., Lapetra, José, Asensio, E.M., Vázquez-Ruiz, Z., Canudas, S., Osma, R., Barragán, R., Muñoz, M.A., Martínez-González, J., Razquin, C., Valero-Barceló, C., Rovira, M.A., Tabar-Sarrias, J.A., Felipe, I., Francés, F., Guillén, M., González, J.I., Macías Gutiérrez, B., Tafalla, M., Bulló, M., Salaverria, I., Loma-Osorio, A., Baca Osorio, A., Pages, M.A., Altirriba, J., Munuera, S., Alonso, A., Sorlí, J., Vivó, M., Benitez Pont, R., Llauradó, M., Bestard, F., Montero Romero, Emilio, Molina, C., Rebholz, C.M., Munar, J.A., Sáiz, C., Cofán, M., Papandreou, C., Frontera, G., Coll, L., Quiles, L., Isach, A., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Perona, Javier S., Fernández-Urzainqui, L., Fiol, F., del Hierro, T., Mata, M., Ginard, M., Jover, A., Liroz, M., Parra-Osés, A., García, J., Gómez-Gracia, Enrique, Montull, I., Ariz-Arnedo, M.J., Santos-Lozano, J.M., Ortega-Calvo, M., Valls-Pedret, C., Bautista-Castaño, Inmaculada, García, M., Leal, M., Gil Zarzosa, J., Rico, A., Serra-Mir, M., Martínez, E., San Vicente, J., Mellado, L., Babio, N., Santana Santana, A.J., Benavent, J., Maldonado Díaz, I., Miró-Moriano, L., De la Fuente-Arrillaga, C., Rovira, A., Oller, M., Domínguez-Espinaco, C., Martínez, P., Bianchi Alba, M., Vaquero-Diaz, S., Iglesias, P., Cabezas, C., Sala-Vila, A., Fernández-Rodríguez, M. J., de la Cruz, E., Román, P., Corchado, Y., Solis, E., Cabeza-Beunza, J.A., Clos, J., Lozano-Rodríguez, J.M., Mestres, G., García-García, M., Lamuela-Raventós, Rosa M., López-Sabater, M.C., Duaso, I., Santamaria, M.I., Salas-Huetos, A., Galera, A., Simón, C., Vinyoles, E., Castellote-Bargalló, Ana I., Quifer-Rada, P., Gea, A., Pérez-Heras, A., Doménech, M., Becerra-Tomás, Nerea, Trias, F., García, L., Brau, A., Rekondo, J., Sáez, G., Corbella, Emili, de Diego Salas, J., Fernández-Montero, A., Yuste, M.C., Prieto, R., Pérez-de-Ciriza, P., Bobe, I., Navajas, R., Sánchez-Ruiz, D., Tresserra-Rimbau, A., Schröder, H., Jurado-Ruíz, Enrique, Portillo, María P., Buil-Cosiales, P., Sarmiendo de la Fe, F., Sánchez Luque, J.J., Ferreira, C., Zazpe, I., Díez-Espino, Javier, Sarasa, I., Sánchez, M.S., Sanjulian, B., Marti, A., Sorlí, J.V., Portolés, Olga, Martínez, J. Alfredo, Baby, P., Ibarrola-Jurado, Nuria, Serrano-Martínez, M., Sánchez-Tainta, A., Fernández-Crehuet, Joaquín, Pascual-Pascual, P., Pascual, V., García-Arellano, A., Fernández, M., Paris, F., Giménez, F.J., Basteara-Gortari, J., Extremera-Urabayen, J.V., Benítez Pont, R., Viñas, C., Algorta, J., Martínez-Mazo, M.D., Garcia-Pérez, L., Serra-Majem, L., Bonet, M.T., Riera, C., Arroyo-Azpa, C., Guarner, A., Sola-Larraza, A., Barcena, F., García, Y., Gutiérrez-Bedmar, M., Arina-Vergara, E., Casas, Ricard, Oreja-Arrayago, C., Lasanta-Sáez, M.J., Mena, G., Francisco, S., Cia-Lecumberri, P., García-Valdueza, M., Diáz, A., Elcarte-Lopez, T., Artal-Moneva, F., Godoy, D., Martín, M. T., Vargas López, E., Medina-Remón, Alexander, Iglesias, C., Esparza-López, J.M., Figuerido-Garmendia, E., Cabre, M., Coltell, O., Wärnberg, J., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Valentina, Villanueva, P., Quinzavos, L., Manzano, E., Martín, F., Amat, J., de Juan, C., Basells, J., Pla, I., Tur, J.A., Vizcaino, J., Basora-Gallisa, J., Núñez-Córdoba, J.M., Segarra, R., Hernández, P., Araque, M., García Roselló, J., Giardina, S., Macua-Martínez, T., Gutierrez, E., Toledo, E., Pedret, R., Guasch-Ferré, Marta, Baena, J.M., Pintó, Xavier, Díaz-López, A., Rosique-Esteban, N., Sanchez-Villegas, A., Fernández-Ballart, J., Parra, L., Velasco García, V., Balanza, R., Tello, S., Ramos, A., Simón García, C., Vila, J., Altés, A., Proenza, A., Álvarez-Pérez, J., de la Torre, Rafael, Muñoz-Aguayo, Daniel, Murillo, C., Fernández-Carrión, R., Rodríguez, M. A., Elosua, R., Tort, N., Casi, A., Falcón Sanabria, I., Marrugat, J., Amorós, M., Ruiz-Canela, M., Carratalá-Calvo, A., Mengual, L., Guillem-Saiz, P., Molina, N., Maestre, E., Gómez-Huelgas, R., Corbella, X., Cervello, T., González, R., Castañer, O., Farré, M., Sanz, E., González-Monje, I., Sánchez-Navarro, S., Carrasco, P., Ortega-Azorín, Carolina, Romaguera, D., Díez Benítez, E., Roura, P., Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Hu, E.A., Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, Salas-Salvadó, J., Corella, D., Ros, E., Fitó, Montserrat, García-Rodriguez, A., Estruch, R., Arós, F., Fiol, M., Lapetra, José, Asensio, E.M., Vázquez-Ruiz, Z., Canudas, S., Osma, R., Barragán, R., Muñoz, M.A., Martínez-González, J., Razquin, C., Valero-Barceló, C., Rovira, M.A., Tabar-Sarrias, J.A., Felipe, I., Francés, F., Guillén, M., González, J.I., Macías Gutiérrez, B., Tafalla, M., Bulló, M., Salaverria, I., Loma-Osorio, A., Baca Osorio, A., Pages, M.A., Altirriba, J., Munuera, S., Alonso, A., Sorlí, J., Vivó, M., Benitez Pont, R., Llauradó, M., Bestard, F., Montero Romero, Emilio, Molina, C., Rebholz, C.M., Munar, J.A., Sáiz, C., Cofán, M., Papandreou, C., Frontera, G., Coll, L., Quiles, L., Isach, A., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Perona, Javier S., Fernández-Urzainqui, L., Fiol, F., del Hierro, T., Mata, M., Ginard, M., Jover, A., Liroz, M., Parra-Osés, A., García, J., Gómez-Gracia, Enrique, Montull, I., Ariz-Arnedo, M.J., Santos-Lozano, J.M., Ortega-Calvo, M., Valls-Pedret, C., Bautista-Castaño, Inmaculada, García, M., Leal, M., Gil Zarzosa, J., Rico, A., Serra-Mir, M., Martínez, E., San Vicente, J., Mellado, L., Babio, N., Santana Santana, A.J., Benavent, J., Maldonado Díaz, I., Miró-Moriano, L., De la Fuente-Arrillaga, C., Rovira, A., Oller, M., Domínguez-Espinaco, C., Martínez, P., Bianchi Alba, M., Vaquero-Diaz, S., Iglesias, P., Cabezas, C., Sala-Vila, A., Fernández-Rodríguez, M. J., de la Cruz, E., Román, P., Corchado, Y., Solis, E., Cabeza-Beunza, J.A., Clos, J., Lozano-Rodríguez, J.M., Mestres, G., García-García, M., Lamuela-Raventós, Rosa M., López-Sabater, M.C., Duaso, I., Santamaria, M.I., Salas-Huetos, A., Galera, A., Simón, C., Vinyoles, E., Castellote-Bargalló, Ana I., Quifer-Rada, P., Gea, A., Pérez-Heras, A., Doménech, M., Becerra-Tomás, Nerea, Trias, F., García, L., Brau, A., Rekondo, J., Sáez, G., Corbella, Emili, de Diego Salas, J., Fernández-Montero, A., Yuste, M.C., Prieto, R., Pérez-de-Ciriza, P., Bobe, I., Navajas, R., Sánchez-Ruiz, D., Tresserra-Rimbau, A., Schröder, H., Jurado-Ruíz, Enrique, Portillo, María P., Buil-Cosiales, P., Sarmiendo de la Fe, F., Sánchez Luque, J.J., Ferreira, C., Zazpe, I., Díez-Espino, Javier, Sarasa, I., Sánchez, M.S., Sanjulian, B., Marti, A., Sorlí, J.V., Portolés, Olga, Martínez, J. Alfredo, Baby, P., Ibarrola-Jurado, Nuria, Serrano-Martínez, M., Sánchez-Tainta, A., Fernández-Crehuet, Joaquín, Pascual-Pascual, P., Pascual, V., García-Arellano, A., Fernández, M., Paris, F., Giménez, F.J., Basteara-Gortari, J., Extremera-Urabayen, J.V., Benítez Pont, R., Viñas, C., Algorta, J., Martínez-Mazo, M.D., Garcia-Pérez, L., Serra-Majem, L., Bonet, M.T., Riera, C., Arroyo-Azpa, C., Guarner, A., Sola-Larraza, A., Barcena, F., García, Y., Gutiérrez-Bedmar, M., Arina-Vergara, E., Casas, Ricard, Oreja-Arrayago, C., Lasanta-Sáez, M.J., Mena, G., Francisco, S., Cia-Lecumberri, P., García-Valdueza, M., Diáz, A., Elcarte-Lopez, T., Artal-Moneva, F., Godoy, D., Martín, M. T., Vargas López, E., Medina-Remón, Alexander, Iglesias, C., Esparza-López, J.M., Figuerido-Garmendia, E., Cabre, M., Coltell, O., Wärnberg, J., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Valentina, Villanueva, P., Quinzavos, L., Manzano, E., Martín, F., Amat, J., de Juan, C., Basells, J., Pla, I., Tur, J.A., Vizcaino, J., Basora-Gallisa, J., Núñez-Córdoba, J.M., Segarra, R., Hernández, P., Araque, M., García Roselló, J., Giardina, S., Macua-Martínez, T., Gutierrez, E., Toledo, E., Pedret, R., Guasch-Ferré, Marta, Baena, J.M., Pintó, Xavier, Díaz-López, A., Rosique-Esteban, N., Sanchez-Villegas, A., Fernández-Ballart, J., Parra, L., Velasco García, V., Balanza, R., Tello, S., Ramos, A., Simón García, C., Vila, J., Altés, A., Proenza, A., Álvarez-Pérez, J., de la Torre, Rafael, Muñoz-Aguayo, Daniel, Murillo, C., Fernández-Carrión, R., Rodríguez, M. A., Elosua, R., Tort, N., Casi, A., Falcón Sanabria, I., Marrugat, J., Amorós, M., Ruiz-Canela, M., Carratalá-Calvo, A., Mengual, L., Guillem-Saiz, P., Molina, N., Maestre, E., Gómez-Huelgas, R., Corbella, X., Cervello, T., González, R., Castañer, O., Farré, M., Sanz, E., González-Monje, I., Sánchez-Navarro, S., Carrasco, P., Ortega-Azorín, Carolina, Romaguera, D., Díez Benítez, E., and Roura, P.

Abstract

Background: Potatoes have a high glycemic load but also antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. It is unclear what mechanisms are involved in relation to their effect on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between potato consumption, BP changes, and the risk of hypertension in 2 Spanish populations. Methods: Separate analyses were performed in PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea), a multicenter nutrition intervention trial of adults aged 55-80 y, and the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) project, a prospective cohort made up of university graduates and educated adults with ages (means±SDs) of 42.7±13.3 y for men and 35.1± 10.7 y for women. In PREDIMED, generalized estimating equations adjusted for lifestyle and dietary characteristics were used to assess changes in BP across quintiles of total potato consumption during a 4-y follow-up. Controlled BP values (systolic BP < 140 mm Hg and diastolic BP < 90 mm Hg) during follow-up were also assessed. For SUN, multivariateadjusted HRs for incident hypertension during a mean 6.7-y follow-up were calculated. Results: In PREDIMED, the total potato intake was 81.9 ± 40.6 g/d. No overall differences in systolic or diastolic BP changes were detected based on consumption of potatoes. For total potatoes, the mean difference in change between quintile 5 (highest intake) and quintile 1 (lowest intake) in systolic BP after multivariate adjustment was 20.90 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.56, 0.76 mm Hg; P-trend = 0.1) and for diastolic BP was 20.02 mm Hg (95% CI: -0.93, 0.89 mm Hg; P-trend = 0.8). In SUN, the total potato consumption was 52.7 ± 33.6 g/d, and no significant association between potato consumption and hypertension incidence was observed in the fully adjusted HR for total potato consumption (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.19; P-trend = 0.8). Conclusions: Potato consumption is not associated with changes over 4 y in blood pressure among o

Published
2017

4. Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Author

Sala‐Vila, Aleix, Guasch‐Ferré, Marta, Hu, Frank B., Sánchez‐Tainta, Ana, Bulló, Mònica, Serra‐Mir, Mercè, López‐Sabater, Carmen, Sorlí, Jose V., Arós, Fernando, Fiol, Miquel, Muñoz, Miguel A., Serra‐Majem, Luis, Martínez, J. Alfredo, Corella, Dolores, Fitó, Montserrat, Salas‐Salvadó, Jordi, Martínez‐González, Miguel A., Estruch, Ramón, Ros, Emilio, Pérez‐Heras, A., Viñas, C., Casas, R., de Santamaría, L., Romero, S., Sacanella, E., Chiva, G., Valderas, P., Arranz, S., Baena, J.M., García, M., Oller, M., Amat, J., Duaso, I., García, Y., Iglesias, C., Simón, C., Quinzavos, Ll., Parra, Ll., Liroz, M., Benavent, J., Clos, J., Pla, I., Amorós, M., Bonet, M.T., Martin, M.T., Sánchez, M.S., Altirriba, J., Manzano, E., Altés, A., Cofán, M., Valls‐Pedret, C., Doménech, M., Gilabert, R., Bargalló, N., González, R., Molina, C., Márquez, F., Babio, N., Sorli, M., García Roselló, J., Diaz‐López A, A., Martin, F., Tort, R., Isach, A., Costa, B., Cabré, J.J., Fernández‐Ballart, J., Ibarrola‐Jurado, N., Alegret, C., Martínez, P., Millán, S., Piñol, J.L., Basora, T., Hernández, J.M., Toledo, E., Buil‐Cosiales, P., Ruiz‐Canela, M., Sanjulián, B., Díez‐Espino, J., Extremera‐Urabayen, V., García‐Arellano, A., Zazpe, I., Basterra‐Gortari, F.J., Goñi, E, Razquin, C., Serrano‐Martínez, M., Bes‐Rastrollo, M., Gea, A., Martínez‐Lapiscina, E.H., Nuñez‐Córdoba, J.M., Arroyo‐Azpa, C., García‐Pérez, L., Villanueva‐Tellería, J., Cortés‐Ugalde, F., Sagredo‐Arce, T., García de la Noceda‐Montoy, Mª D., Vigata‐López, Mª D., Arceiz‐Campo, Mª T., Urtasun‐Samper, A., Gueto‐Rubio, Mª V., Churio‐Beraza, B., Lamuela‐Raventós, Rosa M., Castellote‐Bargallo, A.I., Medina‐Remón, A., Tresserra‐Rimbau, A., Carrasco, P., Ortega‐ Azorín, C., Asensio, E.M., Osma, R., Barragán, R., Francés, F., Guillén, M., González, J.I., Saiz, C., Portolés, O., Giménez, F.J., Coltell, O., Guillem‐Saiz, P., Quiles, L., Pascual, V., Riera, C., Pages, M.A., Godoy, D., Carratalá‐Calvo, A., Martín‐Rillo, M.J., Llopis‐Osorio, E., Ruiz‐ Baixauli, J., Bertolín‐Muñoz, A., Salaverría, I., del Hierro, T., Algorta, J., Francisco, S., Alonso, A., San Vicente, J., Sanz, E., Felipe, I., Alonso Gómez, A., Loma‐Osorio, A., García‐Valdueza, M., Moñino, M., Proenza, A., Prieto, R., Frontera, G., Ginard, M., Fiol, F., Jover, A., García, J., Covas, M.I., Tello, S., Vila, J., Schröder, H., De la Torre, R, Muñoz‐Aguayo, D., Elosúa, R., Marrugat, J., Ferrer, M., Álvarez‐Pérez, J., DíazBenítez, E., Bautista‐Castaño, I., Maldonado‐Díaz, I., Sánchez‐Villegas, A., Castro, I., Henríquez, P., Ruano, C., Ortiz, A. P., Sarmiendo de la Fe, F, Simón‐García, C., Falcón‐Sanabria, I., Macías‐Gutiérrez, B., Santana‐Santana, A.J., Gomez‐Gracia, E., Fernández‐Crehuet, J., Benítez Pont, R., Bianchi Alba, M., Wärnberg, J., Gómez‐Huelgas, R., Martínez‐González, J., Velasco García, V., de Diego Salas, J, Baca Osorio, A., Gil Zarzosa, J., Sánchez Luque, J.J., Vargas López, E., Ruiz‐Gutierrez, V., Jurado Ruiz, E., Montero Romero, E., García García, M., Lapetra, J., Leal, M., Martínez, E., Santos, J.M., Ortega‐Calvo, M., Román, P., José García, F., Iglesias, P., Corchado, Y., Mayoral, E., Lama, C., Pintó, X., de la Cruz, E, Galera, A., Soler, Y., Trias, F., Sarasa, I., Padres, E., Figueras, R., Solanich, X., Pujol, R., Corbella, E., Cabezas, C., Vinyoles, E., Rovira, M.A., García, L., Flores, G., Verdú, J.M., Baby, P., Ramos, A., Mengual, L., Roura, P., Yuste, M.C., Guarner, A., Rovira, A., Santamaría, M.I., Mata, M., de Juan, C., Brau, A., Marti, A., Mitjavila, M.T., Portillo, M.P., Sáez, G., and Tur, J.

Subjects
fatty acid, nutrition, sudden cardiac death, Diet and Nutrition
Abstract

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639.

Published
2016
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5. Dietary α-Linolenic Acid, Marine ω-3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Author

Sala-Vila, A., Guasch-Ferré, Marta, Hu, F.B., Sánchez-Tainta, A., Bulló, M., Serra-Mir, M., López-Sabater, C., Sorlí, J.V., Arós, F., Fiol, M., Muñoz, M.A., Riera, C., Francés, F., Vinyoles, E., Guarner, A., Márquez, F., Guillén, M., Rovira, M.A., Piñol, J.L., Sacanella, E., Basora, T., García, Y., Rovira, A., Santamaría, M.I., Mata, M., de Juan, C., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Valentina, Pages, M.A., Brau, A., Urtasun-Samper, A., Ruano, C., Tresserra-Rimbau, A., de Santamaría, L., Llopis-Osorio, E., Marti, A., Chiva, G., Moñino, M., Mitjavila, M.T., Valderas, P., Arranz, S., Carrasco, P., Alonso Gómez, A., Galera, A., Alonso, A., Baena, J.M., Basterra-Gortari, F. Javier, Carratalá-Calvo, A., Gil Zarzosa, J., García, M., Pérez-Heras, A., Frontera, G., Oller, M., Benavent, J., Gea, A., Ginard, M., Amat, J., Gueto Rubio, M.V., Diaz-López, A., Clos, J., Pla, I., Amorós, M., Bonet, M.T., Baby, P., de la Torre, Rafael, Martín, M.T., Lapetra, José, Lamuela-Raventós, Rosa M., García-Valdueza, M., Sánchez, M.S., Martin, F., Macías-Gutiérrez, B., Altirriba, J., Tort, R., Isach, A., Fitó, Montserrat, Sarmiendo De La Fe, F., Romero, S., Costa, B., Elosúa, R., García, L., Cabré, J.J., Babio, N., Santana-Santana, A.J., Fernández-Ballart, J., Hernández, J.M., García García, M., Ibarrola-Jurado, Nuria, San Vicente, J., Toledo, E., Buil-Cosiales, P., Ruiz-Canela, M., Vargas López, E., Simón, C., de Diego Salas, J., Sanjulián, B., Felipe, I., Falcón-Sanabria, I., Serra-Majem, L., Trias, F., Díez-Espino, Javier, Viñas, C., Martínez, E., Extremera-Urabayen, V., Núñez-Córdoba, J.M., Proenza, A., Santos, J.M., García-Arellano, A., Marrugat, J., González, J.I., Ferrer, M., Arroyo-Azpa, C., García-Pérez, L., Villanueva-Tellería, J., Cortés-Ugalde, F., Gilabert, R., de la Cruz, E., Sagredo-Arce, T., Ros, E., Duaso, I., Jurado-Ruíz, Enrique, Sarasa, I., De La Noceda-Montoy, M.D.G., Saiz, C., Mengual, L., Vigata-López, M.D., Portolés, O., Giménez, F.J., Montero Romero, Emilio, Verdú, J.M., Martínez, P., Coltell, O., Ortiz, A.P., Soler, Y., Cofán, M., Guillem-Saiz, P., Osma, R., Yuste, M.C., Quiles, L., Ruiz-Baixauli, J., Estruch, R., Pascual, V., Baca Osorio, A., Fiol, F., Bertolín-Muñoz, A., Salaverría, I., del Hierro, T., Corella, D., Razquin, C., Portillo, M.P., Algorta, J., Sánchez Luque, J.J., Ramos, A., Francisco, S., Jover, A., Parra, L., García, J., Covas, María Isabel, Medina-Remón, Alexander, Iglesias, C., Tello, S., Sáez, G., Zazpe, I., Salas-Salvadó, J., Prieto, R., Liroz, M., Vila, J., Álvarez-Pérez, J., Molina, C., Schröder, H., Díaz Benítez, E., Bautista-Castaño, Inmaculada, Martínez-González, M.A., Doménech, M., Godoy, D., Manzano, E., Maldonado-Díaz, I., Flores, G., Quinzavos, L., Churio-Beraza, B., Sánchez-Villegas, A., Barragán, R., Sorli, M., Castro, I., Gómez-Gracia, Enrique, Roura, P., García Roselló, J., Henríquez, P., Tur, J., Ortega-Calvo, M., Fernández-Crehuet, Joaquín, Benítez Pont, R., Bianchi Alba, M., Wärnberg, J., Loma-Osorio, A., Alegret, C., Gómez-Huelgas, R., Asensio, E.M., Alfredo Martínez, J., Bargalló, N., Martínez-González, J., Román, P., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Velasco García, V., García, F.José, Iglesias, P., González, R., Goñi, E., Muñoz-Aguayo, Daniel, Corchado, Y., Millán, S., Sanz, E., Mayoral, E., Leal, M., Martínez-Lapiscina, E.H., Lama, C., Padres, E., Ortega-Azorín, C., Pintó, Xavier, Altés, A., Figueras, R., Solanich, X., Pujol, R., Castellote-Bargalló, A. I., Simón-García, C., Arceiz Campo, M.T., Corbella, E., Valls-Pedret, C., Serrano-Martínez, M., Casas, R., Martín-Rillo, M.J., Cabezas, C., Universitat de Barcelona, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (España), and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)

Subjects
Male, Gerontology, Time Factors, Epidemiology, modelos de riesgos proporcionales, humanos, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, estudios prospectivos, evaluación de riesgos, Medicine, Nuts, Sudden cardian death, 030212 general & internal medicine, Food science, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, mediana edad, Original Research, Diet and Nutrition, Aged, 80 and over, chemistry.chemical_classification, education.field_of_study, anciano, alpha-Linolenic acid, dieta, Factors de risc en les malalties, Hàbits alimentaris, Fatty Acids, ω-3 fatty acids, Fatty acids in human nutrition, alpha-Linolenic Acid, distribución de la ji al cuadrado, Middle Aged, Cardiovascular system, nutrition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Dieta, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Nutritive Value, conducta de reducción del riesgo, Risk factors in diseases, Food habits, Population, enfermedades cardiovasculares, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Juglans, Risk Assessment, sudden cardiac death, 03 medical and health sciences, alimentos del mar, factores de tiempo, Mediterranean cooking, Àcids grassos en la nutrició, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Cuina mediterrània, Peix com a aliment, Humans, factores de riesgo, análisis multifactorial, education, Olive Oil, Dieta -- Mediterrània, Regió de la, Dieta mediterranea, ácidos grasos, α-linolenic acid, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Sistema cardiovascular, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Correction, Fatty acid, Hàbits alimentaris -- Mediterrània, Regió de la, Protective Factors, Fish consumption, Predimed, Diet, nueces, chemistry, Seafood, Spain, Multivariate Analysis, valor nutritivo, estudios longitudinales, fatty acid, business, Risk Reduction Behavior, ácido alfa-linolénico
Abstract

12 Páginas.-- 6 Tablas.-- 1 Figura, Background-Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived ω-3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω-3 fatty acids (long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results-We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressionmodels were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated towalnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9-y follow-up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios formeeting ALArecommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56-0.92) for all-causemortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58-1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios formeeting the recommendation for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67-1.05) for all-causemortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39-0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29-0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22-1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all-cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45-0.87]). Conclusions-In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all-cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish-derived long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids., This study was funded in part by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (Spanish Ministry of Economy) through grants RTIC G03/140, RTIC RD 06/0045, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC 06/2007, ISCIII FIS PS09/01292, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) AGL2010‐22319‐C03‐02 and AGL2009‐13906‐C02‐02, and an unrestricted grant from the California Walnut Commission. Sala‐Vila holds a Miguel Servet I fellowship from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the ISCIII.

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