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Background. To define efficiency of decreased microbial dissemination in burn wounds after low-temperature argon plasma of the arc discharge of atmospheric pressure.Materials and methods. In the present article we described results of efficiency analysis after usage of low-temperature argon plasma of the arc discharge of atmospheric pressure for skin burn treatment Degree II–III (ICD-10). Burns had various etiology (flame, boiled water, contact) and area. We defined change in microflora of burn wounds after single administration of the PLAZMORAN installation in three groups of patients, depending on a surgical treatment type (dermabrasion, early necrotomy with plasty and plasty on the granulating wounds).Results. We noticed that treatment of burn wounds with Plasmoran showed results confirming decreased bacterial dissemination or complete wound sanitation after plasma effect and it reduced risk of possible purulent inflammation and speeded up terms of wound epithelialization.Conclusion. Basing on the bacteriological researches analysis it was determined that use of low-temperature air plasma of the arc discharge of atmospheric pressure reduces dissemination of wounds by pathogenic microflora.

About 80 % patients with thermal injury, referred to the in-patient hospital department, demonstrates border-line and surface burns. Regarding the number of the suffered patients the most important point refers to the treatment term reduction due to its improved efficiency and we consider it to be more essential as it has positive impact on treatment quality.Objective. We try to define efficiency of early surgical treatment in patients with extremity burns in our proposed way of complex treatment for skin boundary burns in comparison with traditional "waiting" technique of maintaining boundary burns in patients who have been operated in later terms. The essence of this way is that during the first 2-7 days after receiving a boundary burn in the functional zones and zones inclined to scarring formation, we carry out necrectomy to the lower layers of derma and autoplasty, and on other boundary sites with burns we remove fibrous and necrotic pellicle within surface dermal layers to the level of a bleeding layer and on the processed burn area we place a wound covering.Material and Methods. We analyzed treatment results in 141 patients, age range 4 months to 65 years, which were treated in the Burn Department, SPHBI ‘SRI-ORCH ’№ 1. The main group included 63 patients (43 infants and 20 adults) treated operatively in early terms. The comparative group included 78 patients (44 infants and 33 adults), all of those were treated with wet-to-dry dressing application and prolonged autodermoplasty as long as we observed formation of granulating wounds.Conclusion. This way for border-line skin burns complex treatment which we have developed comparing to traditional treatment, improves treatment quality in patients, reduces treatment terms and increases its efficiency. During the postoperative period it allows to prevent scar development and to achieve positive esthetic results.

Purpose: to study the pathological aspects of the wound bed in combustiology depending on the surgical treatment methods. Materials and Methods: the histomorphological drugs early after early necrectomy under tow non-perforated grafts at 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery; studied the wound fibrous layer to the plastics granulation by full-thickness transplant. Results: the study examined the dynamics of pathological soft tissue changes in the process of engraftment in the upper and lower extremities, including the use of primary techniques for plastic harness. Studied and described pathological changes in the edges and bottom of the burn wound granulation face to plasticity free skin graft. Summary: histomorphological study engraftment autografts after early treatment, and study of the fibrous layer of granulation is relevant in combustiology, as it allows to predict the quality of engraftment, depending on the localization of the burn wound, healing techniques used, as well as the quality of debridement in the transplant skin graft.

The article views institutional drawbacks in state service functioning, including the reasons for such criminal revelations reproduction among office workers, as corruption and bureaucracy.

The article examines topical issues of improving the transportation industry in the context of the active development and implementation of connected vehicles (CVs). The relevance of the topic is driven by the rapid growth in the number of CVs, their increasing impact on the transportation system, and the need for a comprehensive optimization of the industry to fully realize the potential of new technologies. The main objective of the work is to identify key ways and specific measures to improve the transportation industry that will allow maximizing the benefits of CVs. To achieve this goal, a systems approach is used, which involves a comprehensive consideration of the complex interrelationships between vehicles, infrastructure, and transportation services. The implementation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) plays a crucial role in optimizing the interaction of these components. The article identifies the main opportunities and challenges associated with the development of CVs. New opportunities include improving road safety, reducing emissions, optimizing logistics and transportation, and enhancing mobility. At the same time, new challenges are emerging, including the need to ensure cybersecurity of CVs, standardization of heterogeneous systems and technologies, and their seamless interaction. The impact of CVs on key aspects of the transportation industry – safety, environment, economy, and social sphere – is analyzed in detail. Specific ways to improve safety are shown through accident prevention systems and driver monitoring systems. The potential of CVs to reduce emissions through traffic optimization and development of alternative modes of transportation is considered. Ways to increase efficiency through logistics optimization, vehicle maintenance, and driver routing are identified. Social effects in the form of increased mobility and new services for passengers are highlighted. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive systems consideration of a wide range of problems and ways to improve the transportation industry, taking into account the rapid development of CVs. The practical significance is the specific recommendations on applying a systems approach and implementing ITS to achieve maximum effect. Further research directions include a detailed elaboration of the proposed specific measures to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks associated with the proliferation of CVs. In particular, it is recommended to further optimize logistics processes, vehicle fleets and driver activities, accelerate the development of alternative modes of transportation and services to improve passenger comfort and safety, and establish close cooperation among all stakeholders.

Road traffic accidents of vehicles with a rolling stock of railways lead to the most serious consequences. Many level crossings are places of long delays of vehicles both before and after the traffic. In this case and in many others, the intersections of highways with railways sharply limit the capacity of the highway. Level crossings require the utmost attention of the traffic organization, since they must include not only devices for the movement of cars, but also pedestrian and sidings. Despite the fact that the problem of road traffic accidents at level crossings is not new, research and analysis of statistics in this area continues around the world. The paper considers the level crossings on the Republican highways of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research has been carried out on ways to improve traffic safety at such crossings. The situation at the level crossings of the roads of Republican significance, as well as possible restrictions and regulatory requirements, have been studied in the paper. The paper presents results of a detailed collection of data at the facilities, which will serve as the basis for the development of a detailed program for improving the regulatory and technical base of the road sector in Kazakhstan to improve the safety of road transport infrastructure, taking into account existing standards. Recommendations are given for the implementation and generalization of advanced international experience in organizing road traffic at railway crossings, which will contribute to the adaptation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the development of transport and communications.

Provision of safety traffic on the highways in Poland is ensured by using signs of changing information, point light-reflecting elements and various means of regulation and control of motion speed. In addition to technical means some organizational measures are also realized in the country and they are executed under control of the State Council of Safety Traffic. The paper contains statistics about accidents for the period of2004-2006.

Complicated conditions, under which road enterprises of the Republic are forced to operate, put forward and reveal the necessity to innovative way of development. In order to fulfill this task it is necessary to have specialists who are capable and ready to realize this endeavour. The most acceptable variant is to train specialists who will be able to introduce innovations and who are presently involved in the production process. Such training should be carried out within the framework of post-graduate education. Authors have provide a number of reasons in favour of quick development of such education.

Highway slipperiness is one of the most dangerous meteorological phenomena for traffic participants. Exclusion of glazed frost formation can be only achieved on the basis of slipperiness forecasting. Winter slipperiness forecasting is rather complicated problem due to a lot of influencing factors and their non- deterministic character. Various types of winter slipperiness and specific forecasting features of this phenomenon are thoroughly considered in the paper. Forecasting methods for some highways and their sections are mainly statistical at the present moment. They are based on processing of a great number of empiric data. The paper proposes an empiric model for forecasting temperature pavement according to ambient temperature, humidity, wind direction and presence of vegetation along a highway. The obtained model can be used to forecast slipperiness formation during winter highway operation.