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A substantial amount of research has examined risk taking and sensation seeking in sport, including "extreme" sports (Breivik, 1996; Levenson, 1990; Robinson, 1985; Rossi & Cereatti, 1993; Rudestam & Slanger, 1997; Straub, 1982; Yates, 1992; Zuckerman, 1994). The growing sport of expedition-length adventure racing incorporates activities that previous research has determined to be high in risk, such as mountaineering (Breivik, 1996), kayaking, canoeing (Boga, 1988), white water rafting, and mountain biking (Schneider, 2001). Though Schneider (2001) found that adventure racers score among the highest sensation seekers, very little is known about the experiences of risk taking and sensation seeking among elite level adventure racers. Kay and Laberge (2002) qualitatively examined how adventure racers assign levels of authenticity to different events, including the popular Eco-Challenge event, but their focus was not on the psychological aspects of adventure racing. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the social and psychological phenomenon of risk in adventure racing. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten world-class Eco-Challenge participants. Following inductive analysis (CRUZ, Salmela, Baria, & Russell, 1993) five general categories emerged, including: 1) risk socialization, 2) the space of risk, 3) mediators of risk, 4) negotiating/coping with risk, and 5) sensations. These themes are discussed at length, and connected to previous research on risk-taking and sport. Finally, suggestions for future research on risk and adventure racing are proposed., A substantial amount of research has addressed risk taking and sensation seeking in sport (Bernstein, 1996; Breivik, 1996; Johnsgard & Ogilvie, 1975; Levenson, 1990; Robinson, 1985; Rossi & Cereatti, 1993; [...]

The present paper thoroughly explores second-best efficient allocations in an insurance economy with adverse selection. We start with a natural extension of the classical model, assuming less than perfect risk perception. We characterize the constraints on efficient redistribution, and we summarize the incidence of incentives on the economy with the notions of weak and strong adverse selection. Finally, we show in what sense improving risk perception enhances welfare. Partage optmal du risque avec antiselection et perception imparfaite du risque. Cet article examine en detail les allocations d'assurance de second-rang dans une economie soumise a l'antiselection. Partant d'une extension naturelle du modele classique, nous supposons une perception imparfaite du risque. Nous caracterisons les contraintes qui s'exercent sur la redistribution des richesses et nous resumons les differentes possibilites grace aux notions d'antiselection faible et d'antiselection forte. Pour finir, nous montrons en quel sens l'amelioration de la perception du risque ameliore le bien-etre.

Surveys have shown that dentists are reluctant to treat persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, dentists are much more willing to treat patients with infectious hepatitis B virus (HBV). This study shows that the annual cumulative risk of infection from routine treatment of patients whose seropositivity is undisclosed is 57 times greater from HBV than from HIV, and that the risk of dying from HBV infection is 1.7 times greater than the risk of HIV infection, for which mortality is almost certain. (Am J Public Health. 1992;82:587-589)

Focus groups are conducted in western New York with Latino anglers, to check the validity of the suggestion, for limited consumption of fish taken from the lakes. The younger Latinos considered consuming sport fish from urban areas highly risky, given their occasional illness experiences following meals of what they thought were polluted fish.