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Copyright of Res Historica is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although critical rhetoric scholarship foregrounds voices of oppressed communities and challenges systemic power imbalances, its doxastic and performative potential to affect social justice has lagged behind its conceptual (and, more recently, methodological and empirical) development. One reason is because that scholarship has privileged rhetoricians performing criticism as the end goal rather than using their criticism to conduct activism scholarship by engaging in and studying critically social justice interventions. This essay articulates a social justice activism approach to critical rhetoric scholarship that involves rhetoricians intervening collaboratively with oppressed communities and activist groups to make unjust discourses more just, and studying and reporting those endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several points which illustrate Qur’ānic I‘jāz and probably rely on Islamic Theologians -Mutakallimin’s- efforts as well as exertions regarding Qur’ānic I‘jāz. Mutakallimin for having good command over Arabic rhetorical structures have demonstrated Qur’ānic I‘jāz in two contexts: theoretically and empirically. They actually validated, that Qur’ān is the book of Allah Almighty, through comparing both standard Arabic texts: prose and poetry into face of Qur’ānic text. All these cherished efforts of Mutakallimin are rooted in Arabic rhetoric which stands for that Arabic Rhetoric and ‘ilm al-Kalām; both have very primary relation resulting in that cannot be ignored while analyzing I‘jāz phenomenon.

The nucleic acid DNA, which contains an organism's genetic information, consists of a four-letter alphabet that has until recently been characterized as a read-only text. The development of a quick, inexpensive DNA targeting and manipulation technique called CRISPR, pronounced "crisper," though, has changed DNA from this arhetorical, read-only data set, as it has been characterized in the rhetoric literature to date, to a fully rhetorical text--one that can be not only read but created, interpreted, copied, altered, and stored as well. The Book of Nature, an idea with roots in antiquity but popularized during the nineteenth century, provides proof of concept in the form of an historical and theoretical context in which DNA can be viewed in this light. Once ensconced in the Book of Nature, DNA can no longer be considered a code; rather, it is a text. DNA text has structural components that are similar to those of traditional text, and now, with CRISPR, it also has purposes, audiences, and stakeholders. Given the enormous potential of DNA text for both good and ill, rhetoricians of science and medicine must participate in discussions of the complex literacy, policy, and ethics issues this new form of text brings about. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing attention to a rift between epistemology and ontology, between words and things, sets new challenges and invigorations for a Rhetoric of Science that traditionally aims to "analyze and evaluate the persuasive communications of scientists" (Ceccarelli, 2017, para. 6). Rhetoricians confront a vibrant, new intellectual space where scholars across disciplines are seeking to better account for bodies and moving to "include the materiality of our ambient environs" in their analyses (Rickert, 2013, p. x). The question, in light of material expansions, is what is a Rhetoric of Science, and what are its futures? In response to the Rhetoric Society of America's 2018 conference call for junior and senior scholars to discuss "major developments in rhetorical studies," we offer a Feyerabendian innovation-meetsdogma performative session: the junior scholar, representing innovation, argues that Rhetoric of Science must move aggressively beyond a study of texts and scientific language to account for continuous technological, social, and biological entanglements; specifically, that to expand the field's practices to include neuro-cognitive approaches and other forms of experiment. The senior scholar, representing dogma, expresses caution, arguing that the domain of a Rhetoric of Science is still symbols and semiosis; specifically, that looking at "ambient rhetorics" and "entanglements" is another approach, not a foundational shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several points which illustrate Qur’ānic I‘jāz and probably rely on Islamic Theologians -Mutakallimin’s- efforts as well as exertions regarding Qur’ānic I‘jāz. Mutakallimin for having good command over Arabic rhetorical structures have demonstrated Qur’ānic I‘jāz in two contexts: theoretically and empirically. They actually validated, that Qur’ān is the book of Allah Almighty, through comparing both standard Arabic texts: prose and poetry into face of Qur’ānic text. All these cherished efforts of Mutakallimin are rooted in Arabic rhetoric which stands for that Arabic Rhetoric and ‘ilm al-Kalām; both have very primary relation resulting in that cannot be ignored while analyzing I‘jāz phenomenon.

Copyright of eHumanista is the property of Professor Antonio Cortijo-Ocana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are several points which illustrate Qur'ānic I‘jāz and probably rely on Islamic Theologians -Mutakallimin's- efforts as well as exertions regarding Qur'ānic I‘jāz. Mutakallimin for having good command over Arabic rhetorical structures have demonstrated Qur'ānic I‘jāz in two contexts: theoretically and empirically. They actually validated, that Qur'ān is the book of Allah Almighty, through comparing both standard Arabic texts: prose and poetry into face of Qur'ānic text. All these cherished efforts of Mutakallimin are rooted in Arabic rhetoric which stands for that Arabic Rhetoric and ‘ilm al-Kalām; both have very primary relation resulting in that cannot be ignored while analyzing I‘jāz phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several points which illustrate Qur’ānic I‘jāz and probably rely on Islamic Theologians -Mutakallimin’s- efforts as well as exertions regarding Qur’ānic I‘jāz. Mutakallimin for having good command over Arabic rhetorical structures have demonstrated Qur’ānic I‘jāz in two contexts: theoretically and empirically. They actually validated, that Qur’ān is the book of Allah Almighty, through comparing both standard Arabic texts: prose and poetry into face of Qur’ānic text. All these cherished efforts of Mutakallimin are rooted in Arabic rhetoric which stands for that Arabic Rhetoric and ‘ilm al-Kalām; both have very primary relation resulting in that cannot be ignored while analyzing I‘jāz phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, the academic field of literary studies has changed radically. Literary scholars are now working on objects other than poems, dramas or fiction. This essay presents an ongoing strategic project, Cultural Literacy in Contemporary Europe, which was founded in 2007 and run in 2009-11 as an European Science Foundation & Cooperation in Science and Technology (ESF-COST) synergy. Its aim is to investigate and celebrate the range of research currently being conducted in the field we have renamed "literary-and-cultural studies", or LCS. This research aims to enhance cultural literacy. Cultural literacy is an attitude to the social and cultural phenomena that shape our existence--bodies of knowledge, fields of social action, individuals or groups, and of course cultural artefacts, including texts--which views them as being essentially readable: it is a way of looking at social and cultural issues, especially issues of change and mobility, through the lens of literary thinking. The project focuses on four academic fields--cultural memory, migration and translation, electronic textuality, and biopolitics and the body--and four concepts: textuality, fictionality, rhetoricity and historicity. It stresses multilingualism and is part of the movement of interdisciplinarity within the humanities and between the humanities and other disciplines, but remains a distinctive activity within that larger movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to teach narrative communication to emerging preachers? If “story" is the prime vehicle for persuasion in the post-modern context, the master rhetoricians are screenwriters. This article applies the principles of movie scriptwriting to the structure, flow and persuasive logic of sermons, as a possible model for equipping young preachers to communicate the biblical message effectively to their generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I offer an account of a fortiori arguments in the context of a Toulmin-style theory of argumentation schemes. A fortiori arguments contain a comparison of the strength of two or more arguments involving scalar inferences. We can distinguish two kinds of a fortiori arguments depending on whether those scalar inferences connect the premises and the conclusion or the backing and the warrant of the arguments. The first pattern has been studied by rhetoricians and the second pattern by legal argumentation theorists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses practical experiences by rhetoric students in scientific, technological, or medical (STM) disciplines through the U.S. National Science Foundation's Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (NSF EPSCoR) grant project in Iowa. Topics discussed include description of Iowa NSF EPSCoR grant project, hiring of rhetoric student by the grant administration to work on communication and three drawbacks as being a scholar student of rhetoric.

The article discusses the training program Teaching Responsible Communication of Science (TRCS) at the Iowa State University with rhetorical perspective for science communication. Topics discussed include rhetorician's contribution in the TRCS for understanding science communication ethics, questions raised by the Monarch in the Corn case for public response asked by professor of entomology John Losey, and importance of questionnaires from cases to help scientists know purpose of communication.

The article discusses perspectives for leveraging rhetoric by scientists of science communication. Topics discussed include the role of rhetoricians in scientific community by the Rhetoric and Outreach panel at 2013 Association for the Rhetoric of Science & Technology (ARST) preconference, broader impacts by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) on science communication, and challenges faced by rhetoricians to identify science communication for leveraging knowledge.

This article discusses communication programs between scientists and rhetoricians of science, technology and medicine for collaborating with each other. Topics discussed include discussion of the collaboration in the 2012 Association for the Rhetoric of Science & Technology (ARST) pre-conference, conference panels on communication by the American Meteorological Society and the impact of funded work in science education and policy making at the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.

In this article, the author reflects on the inventional possibilities for future scholarship in the rhetoric of health and medicine. He mentions that rhetoricians of health and medicine should continue to focus on the exigencies, functions, and impacts of health-related discourse. He states that rhetoricians should adopt to signal a broad array of health publics, and their discursive practices.

In this article, the author argues that the rhetoricians of science and technology should think about taking the academic understandings. He mentions that rhetoricians must develop understandings in primary internal discursive genre and transform them into productive engagements with external publics. He states that there is need for translation of research findings to empowered stakeholders in ways that are meaningful and constructive.

In this article, the author discusses the importance of rhetoric of science in contemporary science studies. He mentions that pro-science attitude toward the role of science in finding the truth and in sustaining democratic institutions was taken for studies. He states that rhetoricians of science talks about the use of tropes and figures, narrative accounts, genre expectations, and terministic framing to shape conversations about science.

The article offers information on the papers presented at the vicentennial conference of the Association for the Rhetoric of Science and Technology (ARST) related to the disciplinary prospects of rhetoric of science and technology. It discusses three papers focusing on rhetorical invention, institutional changes and public engagement by rhetoricians. It mentions that these papers are distinguished on the basis of their foci on globalization, invention, and interaction of public spheres.

The article explores the idea of natural God-given rights as conceived by John Locke that has gotten out of hand as some regarded it as purely negative. It highlights the superimposition on Locke's brief list of negative rights, based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, with positive rights in a form of paid vacations, self-chosen occupations, and so forth. It refers to a short talk called wishful thinking or prolepsis as called among rhetoricians which amounts to claiming rights in order to create them.

In this article, the author provides a humanistic approach to the relation between traditions and the way an individual communicates citing references to the ancient rhetorics and Renaissance humanists. He specifies that tradition can be an emerging force in the new reforms in rhetoric's. He mentions that speech is the leader of all thoughts and actions, and is often used by most intelligent people.

In this article I set forth a conceptual distinction between two levels on which inventio takes place in advertising, one of which is critical for rhetoricians to examine: the diegetic content. I argue that current rhetorical studies have an inadequate construal of advertising content and I identify the source of this confusion in an older stream of research in consumer psychology. I perform a close analysis of several print advertisements and show that the diegetic content has important rhetorical effects on audience response which are not to be ascribed neither to product features nor to aspects concerning elocutio, as the current framework suggests. The results of my analysis are then used to explain why issues concerning relevance, credibility and persuasive power of an advertisement can only be accurately measured and explained if researchers pay close attention to the diegetic content itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the rhetorical aspect of neuroscience. It discusses on innovations in the field of neuroscience including the developments in electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET). It argues that neuroscientists should partner with rhetorical scholars in providing the interpretations of the said technological diagnosis. The authors also recommend research topics related to neuroscience.

The article presents an analysis of the issue of conjecture (στoχασμóζ in Greek) as described in the treatise "On Issues" ("Sobre los estados de las cosas" in Spanish) by 2nd century Greek rhetorician Hermogenes of Tarsus (Hermógenes de Tarso in Spanish). The author explores early commentaries (scholia) by classical philosophers Syrianus, Sopater and Marcellinus and considers their contribution to tracing the history of rhetorical traditions up to, and contemporary with, Hermogenes of Tarsus.

The article focuses on the friendship between philosophers Socrates and Thrasymachus. It states that the friendship does not imply the persuasion of rhetoricians for the multitude to consider philosophers as rulers. It also mentions that the friendship was formed due to the agreements shared by the two philosophers regarding the attitude that a best speaker must possess.

This article examines the programmatic and philosophical changes that resulted from a collaboration between a librarian and a composition and rhetoric professor. In particular, this article examines the ways in which a focus on research as a process arose from this ongoing dialogue and how the collaboration itself put two disciplines in conversation, thereby transforming thinking beyond this one relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on border pedagogy. It notes that the margins are significant to critical pedagogy and a significant critical space for non-tenure-line instructors. It cites the tenure attrition and increasing teaching loads and the impact of the 2009 economic crisis. The author implies that compositionist should become better rhetoricians and that contingent faculty need to enter the public discourse and define the factors that will develop viability for a professional career.

The article discusses the Roman "Declamationes maiores" and rhetoric. The author explains how Roman philosopher Aristotle approached oration. How to create emotions during a public speech is talked about. The article cites the "Institutio oratoria," by Roman rhetorician Quintilian. The differences between a true court orator and a declaimer are examined. The author discusses the three types of declamations in the "Declamationes maiores." Subjects of the article also include the framework of a declamation, elegies, and different roles within the "Declamationes maiores."

To claim that Charles Darwin was a "rhetorician" may seem to confuse the provinces of rhetoric and science. Their juxtaposition, however, is not only warranted; it is also inescapable. Even scientific discourse must be persuasive to rescue insight from indifference, misunderstanding, contempt, or rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses anamorphoses and rhetoric. The anamorphic shapes of language are characterized in terms of art, technical common sense, and rhetorical culture. Topics include: the intrinsic and extrinsic goals in the work of Thomas B. Farrell; the concept of resistance in the cause-object of a rhetorician's melancholy; rhetorical practice related to the sports business, ethos, and athletic performance; the 1984 Winter Olympic Games; the 1988 apology for the Jewish genocide that was delivered by the German Federal Diet president Philipp Jenninger; and Farrell's perspective on paradoxes.

The article focuses on rhetorical theory and its role in history as well as ways that rhetoric can influence invention and judgment. The article discusses three distinct construals of rhetorical practice: productive art, constitutive art, and inventional art. Topics include the context of rhetoric in the Second World War, Aristotle's definition of rhetoric, rhetoric and socialism, the proficiency of U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt as a rhetorician during the Great Depression, war culture and propaganda, the internment of Japanese Americans, and anti-Semitism and Jewish emigration.

This article presents the results of a 2007 survey of doctoral programs offered in the area of rhetoric and composition, examining changes and trends occurring to such programs. The study represents the fourth survey on the topic between 1987 and 2007. Topics include the different options available for obtaining a degree in the subject matter, the changes in the number of dissertations written between 1999 and 2007, and reflections on educational practices. Also discussed are the difficulties encountered in collecting the survey's data.

Many medieval women mystics undermined misogyny with persuasive eloquence. This essay does a comparative rhetorical analysis of Julian of Norwich's "Showings" and the "Ancrene Riwle," positing that the fourteenth-century English mystic knew the twelfth-century text and developed her theology, in part, as a corrective to its Augustinian dogma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the changes made by several French rhetoricians including François Fénelon and René Bary to their rhetorical and music discipline during the seventeenth century in France. The changes made by the rhetoricians include emphasis on Cartesian taxonomy and quest for natural representation. It mentions that the changes help in explaining the idea that music imitates rhetorical conventions and structures, and that the disciplines have hierarchy. It also notes that rhetorical practices depicts music discourse and aesthetic eloquence.

A widespread assumption in the contrastive rhetoric field is the linearity/circularity dichotomy which suggests that Chinese writing is characterized by indirection. This study examines to what extent Chinese university students' writing differs from that of American students. A total of 200 expository essays (50 by American university students in English, 50 by Chinese students in Chinese, and 100 by beginning and advanced English learners in English) were analyzed. Results indicate that Chinese students, like their U.S. counterparts, also prefer directness in text and paragraph organization, but generally U.S. students tend to be significantly more direct than Chinese students. An examination of modern Chinese writing manuals found that Chinese rhetoricians also encourage directness in structuring expository essays. These findings point to a need for greater awareness of the similarities between writing in "contrasting" languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay shows how medieval and modern master narratives are both wrong and necessary, both limiting and, paradoxically, tremendously enabling. The author begins with a lacuna: it seems at first that medieval rhetoricians lacked a story to tell about their own origins. Second, the author counters the claims of linear histories by invoking the notion of the longue durée from the Annales school of history.

American physicians are increasingly concerned that they are losing professional control. Other analysts of medical power argue that physicians have too much power. This essay argues that current analyses are grounded in a structuralist reading of power. Deploying Michel Foucault's "care of the self" and rhetorician Raymie McKerrow's "critical rhetoric," this essay claims that medical power is better understood as a way that medical actors take on power through rhetoric rather than a force that has power over medical actors. Through a close reading of an essay by Senator Bill Frist, this paper argues that physicians experience a process of "subjection" wherein they are both agents of and objects of medical power as it is combined with state and corporate power in the American "war on terror." This alternative mode of analyzing medical power has implications for our collective understanding of its operations and the means by which we propose alternative enactments of medical power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion on the topic of public debate with reference to a community writing project. For participating in public debate, people should constitute as a "counterhegemonic public." A counterhegemonic public refers to a distinct rhetorical to build and express identities, leadership skills and other social movement abilities. Subordinated groups should by supported by activist rhetoricians as they strive to constitute counterhegemonic publics and take part in public deliberation.

Hannah Mather Crocker was the leading American political theorist between 1800 and 1820 to engage the controversial question of sex equality. In the wake of the postrevolutionary backlash against political radicalism, she became a subtle rhetorician of women s rights. She accepted how her cultural context placed limits on the realization of women's rights, yet she did not analytically conflate these temporal limits with women's capacities to contribute to their polity. She sought to normatively defend and gently extend American women's ongoing informal political participation in the postrevolutionary era and challenged the separate spheres discourse that aimed to restrict it. Through the first comprehensive study of Crocker's oeuvre, this article provides new insight into the political role and rhetorical style of women's rights discourse and women's activism in the early republic and uncovers Crocker's philosophical legacies for scholars who seek to reconcile the standpoints of equality and difference feminism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African-American rhetoric of the early Republic has been largely unexplored by rhetorical scholars. Addressing this gap in the scholarship, this study analyzes two intricately related forms of discourse: late eighteenth-century petitions and speeches celebrating the 1808 abolition of the international slave trade to the United States. Both sets of texts contribute to the expression of an African-American public voice, build upon and critique American ideals while retaining a proud sense of African heritage, exploit the available generic conventions, develop increasingly radical appeals, and feature arguments that transcend local issues to engage general questions of identity and history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marcus Tullius Cicero is one of the more prominent figures in the history of rhetoric. Our resources for studying Cicero are largely dependant upon literary texts that have been transmitted over centuries. This study examines a Greek inscription, housed at a remote archaeological site, that offers new insights into Cicero's contributions to our field. From this inscription we learn of Cicero as a patron of Greek literary and rhetorical arts. As is sometime the case when we examine primary material, new and unanticipated information appears. In this instance the inscription reveals that the name of Cicero's mother as recorded by Plutarch, may be inaccurate. In addition to these specific observations, this work illustrates that archaeological and epigraphical evidence are also valuable resources for studying the history of rhetoric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In responding to Gunn and Lundberg's critique of her report on rhetorical agency, Geisler uses their Ouija Board metaphor to undertake an analysis of what it might mean to teach the post-modern rhetor. In particular, once the autonomous agent has been denaturalized, members of the profession of rhetoric have plenty to do in helping students first to engage with and then to participate in a more appropriately theorized rhetoric. Like the Ouija Board player, we may not be able to know how the results of our classroom teaching are related to our intentions. But—like every other rhetor-we need to recognize the costs of walking away from the game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]