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We study a random walk on the subgroup of lower triangular matrices of SL$_2$, with i.i.d. increments. We prove that the process of the lower corner of the random walk satisfies a Rogers-Pitman criterion to be a Markov chain if and only if the increments are distributed according to a Generalized Inverse Gaussian (GIG) law on their diagonals. For this, we prove a new characterization of these laws. We prove a discrete-time version of the Dufresne identity. We show how to recover the Matsumoto-Yor theorem by taking the continuous limit of the random walk.

We study the space $S(X)^I$ of smooth functions on a symmetric space $X=G/H$ invariant to the action of an Iwahori subgroup $I$, as a module over $\mathcal{H}(G,I)$, the Iwahori Hecke algebra of a p-adic group $G$. We present a description of this module that generalizes the description given to $\mathcal{H}(G,I)$ by Iwahori and Matsumoto., Comment: 35 pages, 2 figures

The graded Iwahori--Matsumoto involution $\mathbb{IM}$ is an algebra involution on a graded Hecke algebra closely related to the more well-known Iwahori--Matsumoto involution on an affine Hecke algebra. It induces an involution on the Grothendieck group of complex finite-dimensional representations of $\mathbb{H}$. When $\mathbb{H}$ is a geometric graded Hecke algebra (in the sense of Lusztig) associated to a connected complex reductive group $G$, the irreducible representations of $\mathbb{H}$ are parametrised by a set $\mathcal{M}$ consisting of certain $G$-conjugacy classes of quadruples $(e,s,r_0,\psi)$ where $r_0 \in \mathbb{C}$, $e \in \mathrm{Lie}(G)$ is nilpotent, $s \in \mathrm{Lie}(G)$ is semisimple, and $\psi$ is some irreducible representation of the group of components of the simultaneous centraliser of $(e,s)$ in $G$. Let $\bar Y$ be an irreducible tempered representation of $\mathbb{H}$ with real infinitesimal character. Then $\mathbb{IM}(\bar Y) = \bar Y(e',s,r_0,\psi')$ for some $(e',s,r_0,\psi') \in \mathcal{M}$. The main result of this paper is to give an explicit algorithm that computes the $G$-orbit of $e'$ for $G = \mathrm{Sp}(2n,\mathbb{C})$ and $G = \mathrm{SO}(N,\mathbb{C})$. As a key ingredient of the main result, we also prove a generalisation of the main theorems of Waldspurger 2019 (for $\mathrm{Sp}(2n,\mathbb{C})$) and La 2024 (for $\mathrm{SO}(N,\mathbb{C})$) regarding certain maximality properties of generalised Springer representations., Comment: 37 pages, 4 tables, comments are welcome, updated version

We present a proof of a generalization of the theorem of H.~Matsumoto on Coxeter groups. Our generalized version is applicable to "graphs admitting geometric realization". The original version of the theorem for Coxeter groups is a special case when applied to the Cayley graph and the geometric representation of a Coxeter group. Our version of Matsumoto theorem is also applicable to skeleta, graphs that were defined in the recent paper by the authors on root Lie superalgebras., Comment: 10 pages, minor change in ntroduction

In 2017, Garunk\v{s}tis, Laurin\v{c}ikas and Macaitien\.{e} proved the discrete universality theorem for the Riemann zeta-function sifted by the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function. This discrete universality has been extended in various zeta-functions and $L$-functions. In this paper, we generalize this discrete universality for Matsumoto zeta-functions., Comment: 9 pages

This paper presents a multidimensional extension of the Matsumoto-Yor properties related to exponential functionals of drifted Brownian motion. The extension involves the interaction of geometric Brownian motions which are indexed by the vertices of a finite weighted graph, and the random potential associated with the Vertex Reinforced Jump process on this graph. We prove in this context a counterpart of Lamperti's transformation, of the Markov property of the Matsumoto-Yor process and of the intertwining relation., Comment: Extended version of arXiv:2004.10692 with a new author Keywords: exponential functional of Brownian motion, Inverse Gaussian law, vertex reinforced jump process, Pitman 2M-B theorem, Pitman transform

Recently, we have studied the Finsler space with h-Matsumoto change and found Cartan connection for the transformed space [2]. In this paper, we have discussed certain geometrical properties of the hypersurface of a Finsler space for the h-Matsumoto change.

In the present paper, we have studied the Matsumoto change $\overline{L}(x,y)= \frac{L^{2}(x,y)}{L(x,y) - \beta(x,y)} $ with an \textsl{h-}vector $b_{i}(x,y)$. We have derived some fundamental tensors for this transformation. We have also obtained the necessary and sufficient condition for which the Cartan connection coefficients for both the spaces $F^{n}=(M^n,L)$ and $\overline{F}^{\,n}=(M^{n},\overline{L})$ are same.

If $\alpha,\beta>0$ are distinct and if $A$ and $B$ are independent non-degenerate positive random variables such that $$S=\tfrac{1}{B}\,\tfrac{\beta A+B}{\alpha A+B}\quad \mbox{and}\quad T=\tfrac{1}{A}\,\tfrac{\beta A+B}{\alpha A+B} $$ are independent, we prove that this happens if and only if the $A$ and $B$ have generalized inverse Gaussian distributions with suitable parameters. Essentially, this has already been proved in Bao and Noack (2021) with supplementary hypothesis on existence of smooth densities. The sources of these questions are an observation about independence properties of the exponential Brownian motion due to Matsumoto and Yor (2001) and a recent work of Croydon and Sasada (2000) on random recursion models rooted in the discrete Korteweg - de Vries equation, where the above result was conjectured. We also extend the direct result to random matrices proving that a matrix variate analogue of the above independence property is satisfied by independent matrix-variate GIG variables. The question of characterization of GIG random matrices through this independence property remains open., Comment: 17 pages

We establish analogues of the geometric Pitman $2M-X$ theorem of Matsumoto and Yor and of the classical Dufresne identity, for a multiplicative random walk on positive definite matrices with Beta type II distributed increments. The Dufresne type identity provides another example of a stochastic matrix recursion, as considered by Chamayou and Letac (J. Theoret. Probab. 12, 1999), that admits an explicit solution., Comment: 31 pages

We give a Matsumoto-type presentation of $K_2$-groups over rings of non-commutative Laurent polynomials, which is a non-commutative version of M. Tomie's result for loop groups. Our main idea is due to U. Rehmann's approach in case of division rings., Comment: 30 pages

We study the Matsumoto-Yor property in free probability. We prove three characterizations of free-GIG and free Poisson distributions by freeness properties together with some assumptions about conditional moments. Our main tools are subordination and Boolean cumulants. In particular, we establish a new connection between additive subordination function and Boolean cumulants.

A classic result on the 1-dimensional Brownian motion shows that conditionally on its first hitting time of 0, it has the distribution of a 3-dimensional Bessel bridge. By applying a certain time-change to this result, Matsumoto and Yor showed a theorem giving a relation between Brownian motions with opposite drifts. The relevant time change is the one appearing in Lamperti's relation. Sabot and Zeng showed that a family of Brownian motions with interacting drifts, conditioned on the vector of hitting times of 0, also has the distribution of independent 3-dimensional Bessel bridges. Moreover, the distribution of these hitting times is related to a random potential that appears in the study of the vertex-reinforced jump process. The aim of this paper is to prove a multivariate version of the Matsumoto-Yor opposite drift theorem, by applying a Lamperti-type time change to the previous family of interacting Brownian motions. Difficulties arise since the time change progresses at different speeds on different coordinates.

In this paper we consider the Matsumoto metric $F=\frac{\alpha^2}{\alpha-\beta}$, on the three dimensional real vector space and obtain the partial differential equations that characterize the minimal surfaces which are graphs of smooth functions and then we prove that plane is the only such surface. We also obtain the partial differential equation that characterizes the minimal translation surfaces and show that again plane is the only such surface.

We provide a short and self-contained argument for the existence of Cartan-Iwahori-Matsumoto decompositions for reductive groups., Comment: 8 pages

As for the theory of maximal representations, we introduce the volume of a Zimmer's cocycle $\Gamma \times X \rightarrow \mbox{PO}^\circ(n, 1)$, where $\Gamma$ is a torsion-free (non-)uniform lattice in $\mbox{PO}^\circ(n, 1)$, with $n \geq 3$, and $X$ is a suitable standard Borel probability $\Gamma$-space. Our numerical invariant extends the volume of representations for (non-)uniform lattices to measurable cocycles and in the uniform setting it agrees with the generalized version of the Euler number of self-couplings. We prove that our volume of cocycles satisfies a Milnor-Wood type inequality in terms of the volume of the manifold $\Gamma \backslash \mathbb{H}^n$. This invariant can be interpreted as a suitable multiplicative constant between bounded cohomology classes. This allows us to characterize maximal cocycles for being cohomologous to the cocycle induced by the standard lattice embedding via a measurable map $X \rightarrow \mbox{PO}(n, 1)$ with essentially constant sign. As a by-product of our rigidity result for the volume of cocycles, we give a new proof of the mapping degree theorem. This allows us to provide a complete characterization of maps homotopic to local isometries between closed hyperbolic manifolds in terms of maximal cocycles. In dimension $n = 2$, we introduce the notion of Euler number of measurable cocycles associated to closed surface groups. It extends the classic Euler number of representations and it agrees with the generalized version of the Euler number of self-couplings up to a multiplicative constant. We show a Milnor-Wood type inequality whose upper bound is given by the modulus of the Euler characteristic. This gives an alternative proof of the same result for the generalized version of the Euler number of self-couplings. Finally, we characterize maximal cocycles as those which are cohomologous to the one induced by a hyperbolization., Comment: 54 pages, we fixed some typos following referees' suggestions. Moreover, we rewrote Section 3 and we modified Corollary 5.14. To appear in Transform. Groups

We consider the possible disentanglements of holomorphic map germs $f \colon (\mathbb C^n,0) \to (\mathbb C^N,0)$, $n < N$, with nonisolated locus of instability $\operatorname{Inst}(f)$. The aim is to achieve lower bounds for their (homological) connectivity in terms of $\dim \operatorname{Inst}(f)$. Our methods apply in the case of corank $1$., Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures. Final version after acceptance for publication

The Geil-Matsumoto bound conditions the number of rational places of a function field in terms of the Weierstrass semigroup of any of the places. Lewittes' bound preceded the Geil-Matsumoto bound and it only considers the smallest generator of the numerical semigroup. It can be derived from the Geil-Matsumoto bound and so it is weaker. However, for general semigroups the Geil-Matsumoto bound does not have a closed formula and it may be hard to compute, while Lewittes' bound is very simple. We give a closed formula for the Geil-Matsumoto bound for the case when the Weierstrass semigroup has two generators. We first find a solution to the membership problem for semigroups generated by two integers and then apply it to find the above formula. We also study the semigroups for which Lewittes's bound and the Geil-Matsumoto bound coincide. We finally investigate on some simplifications for the computation of the Geil-Matsumoto bound.

In the paper we resolve positively the conjecture on a characterization of matrix Kummer and Wishart laws through independence property, which was posed in [Koudou, Statist. Probab. Lett. 82 (2012), 1903--1907] . Apart from the probabilistic result, we determine the general solution of the functional equation associated to the characterization problem under weak assumptions., Comment: 10 pages

We give a maximal set of disjoint $(-1)$-sections of the well-known Lefschetz fibration constructed by Matsumoto, Cadavid and Korkmaz. In fact, we obtain several such sets for a fixed genus, which implies that the Matsumoto-Cadavid-Korkmaz Lefschetz fibration has more than one supporting minimal Lefschetz pencils. We also determine the diffeomorphism types of the obtained supporting minimal Lefschetz pencils., Comment: 28 pages, lots of figures ;v2, minor changes

We first present an Iwahori-Matsumoto presentation of affine Yokonuma-Hecke algebras $\widehat{Y}_{r,n}(q)$ to give a new proof of the fact, which was previously proved by Chlouveraki and S\'echerre, that $\widehat{Y}_{r,n}(q)$ is a particular case of the pro-$p$-Iwahori-Hecke algebras defined by Vign\'eras, meanwhile, we give one application. Using the new presentation, we then give a third presentation of $\widehat{Y}_{r,n}(q),$ from which we immediately get an unexpected result, that is, the extended affine Hecke algebra of type $A$ is a subalgebra of the affine Yokonuma-Hecke algebra., Comment: This is the first paper of a series. Further applications of the presentations are clarified in follow-up work

Matsumoto proved in arXiv:1012.0981 that the prime end rotation numbers associated to an invariant annular continuum are contained in its rotation set. An alternative proof of this fact using only simple planar topology is presented., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. Final version to appear in Nagoya Math. J

In this paper generalized Matsumoto-Tits sections lifting permutations to the algebra associated to a generalized virtual braid monoid are defined. They are then applied to study the defining relations of the quantum quasi-shuffle algebras via the total symmetrization operator., Comment: 18 pages

Micromagnet-enabled electric-dipole spin resonance (EDSR) is an established method of high-fidelity single-spin control in silicon. However, the resulting architectural limitations have restrained silicon quantum processors to one-dimensional arrays, and heating effects from the associated microwave dissipation exacerbates crosstalk during multi-qubit operations. In contrast, qubit control based on hopping spins has recently emerged as a compelling primitive for high-fidelity baseband control in sparse two-dimensional hole arrays in germanium. In this work, we commission a $^{28}$Si/SiGe 2x2 quantum dot array both as a four-qubit device with pairwise exchange interactions using established EDSR techniques and as a two-qubit device using baseband hopping control. In this manner, we can evaluate the two modes of operation in terms of fidelity, coherence, and crosstalk. We establish a lower bound on the fidelity of the hopping gate of 99.50(6)%, which is similar to the average fidelity of the resonant gate of 99.54(4)%. Lowering the external field to reach the hopping regime nearly doubles the measured $T_2^{\mathrm{H}}$, suggesting a reduced coupling to charge noise. Finally, the hopping gate circumvents the transient pulse-induced resonance shift. To further motivate the hopping gate approach as an attractive means of scaling silicon spin-qubit arrays, we propose an extensible nanomagnet design that enables engineered baseband control of large spin arrays., Comment: main text with 12 pages and 5 figures, methods and extended data and supplementary materials with 22 pages and 11 figures and 1 table, in a single file

Using the Subaru/FOCAS IFU capability, we examine the spatially resolved relationships between gas-phase metallicity, stellar mass, and star-formation rate surface densities (Sigma_* and Sigma_SFR, respectively) in extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) in the local universe. Our analysis includes 24 EMPGs, comprising 9,177 spaxels, which span a unique parameter space of local metallicity (12+log(O/H) = 6.9 to 7.9) and stellar mass surface density (Sigma_* ~ 10^5 to 10^7 Msun/kpc^2), extending beyond the range of existing large integral-field spectroscopic surveys. Through spatially resolved emission line diagnostics based on the [NII] BPT-diagram, we verify the absence of evolved active galactic nuclei in these EMPGs. Our findings reveal that, while the resolved mass-metallicity relation exhibits significant scatter in the low-mass regime, this scatter is closely correlated with local star-formation surface density. Specifically, metallicity decreases as Sigma_SFR increases for a given Sigma_*. Notably, half of the EMPGs show a distinct metal-poor horizontal branch on the resolved mass-metallicity relation. This feature typically appears at the peak clump with the highest Sigma_* and Sigma_SFR and is surrounded by a relatively metal-enriched ambient region. These findings support a scenario in which metal-poor gas infall fuels episodic star formation in EMPGs, consistent with the kinematic properties observed in these systems. In addition, we identify four EMPGs with exceptionally low central metallicities (12+log(O/H) <~ 7.2), which display only a metal-poor clump without a surrounding metal-rich region. This suggests that such ultra-low metallicity EMPGs, at less than a few percent of the solar metallicity, may serve as valuable analogs for galaxies in the early stages of galaxy evolution., Comment: 29 pages, 14 figures. Submitted to ApJ

The spontaneous breaking of CP symmetry in 4D SU($N$) pure Yang-Mills theory at $\theta=\pi$ has recently attracted much attention in the context of the higher-form symmetry and the 't Hooft anomaly matching condition. Here we use Monte Carlo simulations to study the $N=2$ case, which is interesting since it is the case opposite to the large-$N$ limit, where explicit calculations are available. In order to circumvent the severe sign problem due to the $\theta$ term for real $\theta$, we first obtain results at imaginary $\theta$, where the sign problem is absent, and make an analytic continuation to real $\theta$. We use the stout smearing in defining the $\theta$ term in the action to be used in our simulations. Thus we obtain the expectation value of the topological charge and the deconfining temperature at $\theta=\pi$, and provide an evidence that the CP symmetry, which is spontaneously broken at low temperature, gets restored \emph{strictly above} the deconfining temperature. This conclusion is consistent with the anomaly matching condition and yet differs from the prediction in the large-$N$ limit., Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures

This paper proposes an $O(N)$ fast direct solver for two-dimensional elastic wave scattering problems. The proxy surface method is extended to elastodynamics to obtain shared coefficients for low-rank approximations from discretized integral operators. The proposed method is a variant of the Martinsson-Rokhlin-type fast direct solver. Our variant avoids the explicit computation of the inverse of the coefficient matrix, thereby reducing the required number of matrix-matrix multiplications. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed solver has a complexity of $O(N)$ in the low-frequency range and has a highly parallel computation efficiency with a strong scaling efficiency of 70\%. Furthermore, multiple right-hand sides can be solved efficiently; specifically, when solving problems with 180 right-hand side vectors, the processing time per vector from the second vector onward was approximately 28,900 times faster than that for the first vector. This is a key advantage of fast direct methods.

Objective: Direct cortical responses (DCR) and axono-cortical evoked potentials (ACEP) are generated by electrically stimulating the cortex either directly or indirectly through white matter pathways, potentially leading to different electrogenic processes. For ACEP, the slow conduction velocity of axons (median around 4 m.s$^{-1}$) is anticipated to induce a delay. For DCR, direct electrical stimulation (DES) of the cortex is expected to elicit additional cortical activity involving smaller and slower non-myelinated axons. We tried to validate these hypotheses. Methods: DES was administered either directly on the cortex or to white matter fascicles within the resection cavity, while recording DCR or ACEP at the cortical level in nine patients. Results: Short but significant delays (around 2 ms) were measurable for ACEP immediately following the initial component (around 7 ms). Subsequent activities (around 40 ms) exhibited notable differences between DCR and ACEP, suggesting the presence of additional cortical activities for DCR. Conclusion: Distinctions between ACEPs and DCRs can be made based on a delay at the onset of early components and the dissimilarity in the shape of the later components >40 ms after the DES artifact). Significance: The comparison of different types of evoked potentials allows to better understand the effects of DES., Comment: Clinical Neurophysiology, 2024

We present the luminosity functions (LFs) and angular correlation functions (ACFs) derived from 18,960 Ly$\alpha$ emitters (LAEs) at $z=2.2-7.3$ over a wide survey area of $\lesssim24 {\rm deg^2}$ that are identified in the narrowband data of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) and the Cosmic HydrOgen Reionization Unveiled with Subaru (CHORUS) surveys. Confirming the large sample with the 241 spectroscopically identified LAEs, we determine Ly$\alpha$ LFs and ACFs in the brighter luminosity range down to $0.5L_{\star}$, and confirm that our measurements are consistent with previous studies but offer significantly reduced statistical uncertainties. The improved precision of our ACFs allows us to clearly detect one-halo terms at some redshifts, and provides large-scale bias measurements that indicate hosting halo masses of $\sim 10^{11} M_\odot$ over $z\simeq 2-7$. By comparing our Ly$\alpha$ LF (ACF) measurements with reionization models, we estimate the neutral hydrogen fractions in the intergalactic medium to be $x_{\rm \HI}<0.05$ (=${0.06}^{+0.12}_{-0.03}$), $0.15^{+0.10}_{-0.08}$ (${0.21}^{+0.19}_{-0.14}$), $0.18^{+0.14}_{-0.12}$, and $0.75^{+0.09}_{-0.13}$ at $z=5.7$, $6.6$, $7.0$, and $7.3$, respectively. Our findings suggest that the neutral hydrogen fraction remains relatively low, $x_{\rm \HI} \lesssim 0.2$, at $z=5-7$, but increases sharply at $z > 7$, reaching $x_{\rm \HI} \sim 0.9$ by $z \simeq 8-9$, as indicated by recent JWST studies. The combination of our results from LAE observations with recent JWST observations suggests that the major epoch of reionization occurred around $z \sim 7-8$, likely driven by the emergence of massive sources emitting significant ionizing photons., Comment: Submitted to ApJS

We investigate the magnetic ground state of single crystals of the ruthenium-dimer-based hexagonal perovskite Ba$_{3}$ZnRu$_{2}$O$_{9}$ using magnetic susceptibility and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) measurements. While a previous study on powder samples exhibited intriguing magnetic behavior, questions about whether the spin state within a Ru$_{2}$O$_{9}$ dimer is a conventional $S = 3/2$ dimer or an orbital-selective $S = 1$ dimer were raised. The RIXS spectra reveal magnetic excitations from Hund's intraionic multiplet and intradimer spin-triplet transitions. The observed transition energies of the Hund's intraionic multiplets align with the $S=3/2$ ground state, contrasting with the theoretically proposed orbital-selective $S=1$ dimer state. High-temperature magnetic susceptibility analysis confirms the realization of the spin $S=3/2$ dimer state, and the extracted intradimer coupling is consistent with the spin-triplet transition energy observed in the RIXS spectra. These results highlights the ability of "spectroscopic fingerprinting" by RIXS to determine the magnetic ground states of complex materials.

This paper proposes a Bayesian method for estimating the parameters of a normal distribution when only limited summary statistics (sample mean, minimum, maximum, and sample size) are available. To estimate the parameters of a normal distribution, we introduce a data augmentation approach using the Gibbs sampler, where intermediate values are treated as missing values and samples from a truncated normal distribution conditional on the observed sample mean, minimum, and maximum values. Through simulation studies, we demonstrate that our method achieves estimation accuracy comparable to theoretical expectations.

Injection process of pickup ion acceleration at a heliospheric termination shock is investigated. Using two-dimensional fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulation, accelerated pickup ions are self-consistently reproduced by tracking long time evolution of shock with unprecedentedly large system size in the shock normal direction. Reflected pickup ions drive upstream large amplitude waves through resonant instabilities. Convection of the large amplitude waves causes shock surface reformation and alters the downstream electromagnetic structure. A part of pickup ions are accelerated to tens of upstream flow energy in the time scale of $\sim 100$ times inverse ion gyro frequency. The initial acceleration occurs through shock surfing acceleration mechanism followed by shock drift acceleration mechanism. Large electrostatic potential accompanied by the upstream waves enables the shock surfing acceleration to occur., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

The emergence of a second dome in the superconducting phase through pressure-driven manipulation of crystal structures in materials has attracted considerable attention. Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) represent a highly promising platform, as the second dome has been observed in several binary compounds. Recently, ternary TMCs such as Ta$_2$PdS$_6$ and Ta$_2$PdSe$_6$ have exhibited pressure-induced superconducting domes. In this study, we perform electrical transport measurements of Ta$_2$PdS$_6$ and Ta$_2$PdSe$_6$ under extremely high pressures exceeding 100 GPa, namely uninvestigated regions in previous reports, to reveal the emergence of the second dome. The superconducting critical temperatures (T$_c$) in both Ta$_2$PdS$_6$ and Ta$_2$PdSe$_6$ initially decrease with increasing pressure. Subsequently, the Tcs tend to enhance drastically above 100 GPa. Notably, the maximum T$_c$ in Ta$_2$PdS$_6$ is 11.2 K at 130.0 GPa, which is a relatively high record among the TMCs. The emergence of the second dome in Ta$_2$PdS$_6$ and Ta$_2$PdSe$_6$ opens further motivation for the investigation under extreme conditions beyond the first dome to find hidden ordered phases.

Blazars are beamed active galactic nuclei known for their strong multi-wavelength variability on timescales from years down to minutes. We aim to investigate the suitability of the twisting jet model presented in previous works to explain the multi-wavelength behaviour of BL Lacertae, the prototype of one of the blazar classes. According to this model, the jet is inhomogeneous, curved, and twisting, and the long-term variability is due to changes in the Doppler factor due to variations in the orientation of the jet-emitting regions. We analysed optical data of the source obtained during monitoring campaigns organised by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) in 2019-2022, together with radio data from the WEBT and other teams, and gamma-ray data from the Fermi satellite. In this period, BL Lacertae underwent an extraordinary activity phase, reaching its historical optical and gamma-ray brightness maxima. The application of the twisting jet model to the source light curves allows us to infer the wiggling motion of the optical, radio, and gamma-ray jet-emitting regions. The optical-radio correlation shows that the changes in the radio viewing angle follow those in the optical viewing angle by about 120 days, and it suggests that the jet is composed of plasma filaments, which is in agreement with some radio high-resolution observations of other sources. The gamma-ray emitting region is found to be co-spatial with the optical one, and the analysis of the gamma-optical correlation is consistent with both the geometric interpretation and a synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) origin of the high-energy photons. We propose a geometric scenario where the jet is made up of a pair of emitting plasma filaments in a sort of double-helix curved rotating structure, whose wiggling motion produces changes in the Doppler beaming and can thus explain the observed multi-wavelength long-term variability., Comment: In press for A&A

Powerful, galactic outflows driven by Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are commonly considered as a main mechanism to regulate star formation in massive galaxies. Ultra- and hyper-luminous IR galaxies (U/HyLIRGs) are thought to represent a transition phase of galaxies from a rapidly growing period to a quiescent status as gas swept out by outflows, providing a laboratory to investigate outflows and their feedback effects on the hosts. In this paper we report recent Gemini and ALMA observations of a HyLIRG, J1126 at $z=0.46842$, which has been identified with a puzzling co-existence of a fast ionized outflow ($>2000$ km s$^{-1}$) and an intense starburst (star formation rate of 800 $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$). The Gemini observation shows the fast ionized outflow is extended to several kpc with a mass-loss rate of 180 $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. A massive molecular outflow with a high mass-loss rate (2500 $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$) is revealed by ALMA. The multi-phase outflows show large factors of momentum boost and loading of kinetic power, indicating a driving by thermal pressure of a nuclear hot wind and/or radiation pressure of a highly obscured AGN. In addition to ejection of kinetic energy, it is also found that the powerful outflow can induce an ionizing shock in the galaxy disk and enhance the excitation and dissociation of molecular gas. The powerful outflow probably results in an instantaneous negative feedback and shows potential to regulate the host growth in a long term., Comment: 35 pages, 26 figures, accepted to be published in ApJ

We study the importance of several processes that influence the evolution of dust and its grain size distribution on spatially resolved scales in nearby galaxies. Here, we compiled several multi-wavelength observations for the nearby galaxies NGC628(M74), NGC5457(M101), NGC598(M33), and NGC300. We applied spatially resolved spectral energy distribution fitting to the latest iteration of infrared data to get constraints on the galaxy dust masses and the small-to-large grain abundance ratio. For comparison, we took the radial profiles of the stellar mass and gas mass surface density for NGC628 combined with its metallicity gradient in the literature to calibrate a single-galaxy simulation using the GADGET4-OSAKA code. The simulations include a parametrization to separate the dense and diffuse phases of the ISM where different dust-evolution mechanisms are in action. We find that our simulation can reproduce the radial profile of dust mass surface density but overestimates the SLR in NGC628. Changing the dust-accretion timescale has little impact on the dust mass or SLR, as most of the available metals are accreted onto dust grains at early times (< 3Gyr), except in the outer regions of the galaxy. This suggests we can only constrain the accretion timescale of galaxies at extremely low metallicities where accretion still competes with other mechanisms controlling the dust budget. The overestimation of the SLR likely results from (i) overly efficient shattering processes in the diffuse interstellar medium, which were calibrated to reproduce Milky Way-type galaxies and/or (ii) our use of a diffuse and dense gas density subgrid model that does not entirely capture the intricacies of the small-scale structure present in NGC628., Comment: Accepted on October 12th 2024 16 pages, 13 figures

We explore the problem of distributed Hypothesis Testing (DHT) against independence, focusing specifically on Binary Symmetric Sources (BSS). Our investigation aims to characterize the optimal quantizer among binary linear codes, with the objective of identifying optimal error probabilities under the Neyman-Pearson (NP) criterion for short code-length regime. We define optimality as the direct minimization of analytical expressions of error probabilities using an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm. Additionally, we provide lower and upper bounds on error probabilities, leading to the derivation of error exponents applicable to large code-length regime. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate that, with the proposed algorithm, binary linear codes with an optimal covering radius perform near-optimally for the independence test in DHT., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 1 pseudo code, 1 table, ITW 2024, accepted to be presented