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1. Genome-wide Association Meta-analysis of Childhood and Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms

Author

Jami, Eshim S, Hammerschlag, Anke R, Ip, Hill F, Allegrini, Andrea G, Benyamin, Beben, Border, Richard, Diemer, Elizabeth W, Jiang, Chang, Karhunen, Ville, Lu, Yi, Lu, Qing, Mallard, Travis T, Mishra, Pashupati P, Nolte, Ilja M, Palviainen, Teemu, Peterson, Roseann E, Sallis, Hannah M, Shabalin, Andrey A, Tate, Ashley E, Thiering, Elisabeth, Vilor-Tejedor, Natàlia, Wang, Carol, Zhou, Ang, Adkins, Daniel E, Alemany, Silvia, Ask, Helga, Chen, Qi, Corley, Robin P, Ehli, Erik A, Evans, Luke M, Havdahl, Alexandra, Hagenbeek, Fiona A, Hakulinen, Christian, Henders, Anjali K, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Korhonen, Tellervo, Mamun, Abdullah, Marrington, Shelby, Neumann, Alexander, Rimfeld, Kaili, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Silberg, Judy L, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Whipp, Alyce M, Tong, Xiaoran, Andreassen, Ole A, Boomsma, Dorret I, Brown, Sandra A, Burt, S Alexandra, Copeland, William, Dick, Danielle M, Harden, K Paige, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Hartman, Catharina A, Heinrich, Joachim, Hewitt, John K, Hopfer, Christian, Hypponen, Elina, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Kaprio, Jaakko, Keltikangas-Järvinen, Liisa, Klump, Kelly L, Krauter, Kenneth, Kuja-Halkola, Ralf, Larsson, Henrik, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lichtenstein, Paul, Lundström, Sebastian, Maes, Hermine H, Magnus, Per, Munafò, Marcus R, Najman, Jake M, Njølstad, Pål R, Oldehinkel, Albertine J, Pennell, Craig E, Plomin, Robert, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Reynolds, Chandra, Rose, Richard J, Smolen, Andrew, Snieder, Harold, Stallings, Michael, Standl, Marie, Sunyer, Jordi, Tiemeier, Henning, Wadsworth, Sally J, Wall, Tamara L, Whitehouse, Andrew JO, Williams, Gail M, Ystrøm, Eivind, Nivard, Michel G, Bartels, Meike, and Middeldorp, Christel M

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Serious Mental Illness, Brain Disorders, Pediatric, Human Genome, Genetics, Behavioral and Social Science, Depression, Mental Health, Mental Illness, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Mental health, Adolescent, Adult, Aggression, Anxiety, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Autistic Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Loneliness, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Schizophrenia, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, depression, anxiety, repeated measures, genetic epidemiology, molecular genetics, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Developmental & Child Psychology, Clinical sciences, Paediatrics, Applied and developmental psychology
Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate the genetic architecture of internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence.MethodIn 22 cohorts, multiple univariate genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were performed using repeated assessments of internalizing symptoms, in a total of 64,561 children and adolescents between 3 and 18 years of age. Results were aggregated in meta-analyses that accounted for sample overlap, first using all available data, and then using subsets of measurements grouped by rater, age, and instrument.ResultsThe meta-analysis of overall internalizing symptoms (INToverall) detected no genome-wide significant hits and showed low single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability (1.66%, 95% CI = 0.84-2.48%, neffective = 132,260). Stratified analyses indicated rater-based heterogeneity in genetic effects, with self-reported internalizing symptoms showing the highest heritability (5.63%, 95% CI = 3.08%-8.18%). The contribution of additive genetic effects on internalizing symptoms appeared to be stable over age, with overlapping estimates of SNP heritability from early childhood to adolescence. Genetic correlations were observed with adult anxiety, depression, and the well-being spectrum (|rg| > 0.70), as well as with insomnia, loneliness, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, and childhood aggression (range |rg| = 0.42-0.60), whereas there were no robust associations with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or anorexia nervosa.ConclusionGenetic correlations indicate that childhood and adolescent internalizing symptoms share substantial genetic vulnerabilities with adult internalizing disorders and other childhood psychiatric traits, which could partially explain both the persistence of internalizing symptoms over time and the high comorbidity among childhood psychiatric traits. Reducing phenotypic heterogeneity in childhood samples will be key in paving the way to future GWAS success.

Published
2022

3. Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harris, Jennifer R, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Rebato, Esther, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Silberg, Judy L, Maes, Hermine H, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Korhonen, Tellervo, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Genetics, Pediatric, Prevention, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Quality Education, Child, Educational Status, Humans, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic
Abstract

We tested the causality between education and smoking using the natural experiment of discordant twin pairs allowing to optimally control for background genetic and childhood social factors. Data from 18 cohorts including 10,527 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for education and smoking were analyzed by linear fixed effects regression models. Within twin pairs, education levels were lower among the currently smoking than among the never smoking co-twins and this education difference was larger within DZ than MZ pairs. Similarly, education levels were higher among former smoking than among currently smoking co-twins, and this difference was larger within DZ pairs. Our results support the hypothesis of a causal effect of education on both current smoking status and smoking cessation. However, the even greater intra-pair differences within DZ pairs, who share only 50% of their segregating genes, provide evidence that shared genetic factors also contribute to these associations.

Published
2022

5. Mental health and music engagement: review, framework, and guidelines for future studies

Author

Gustavson, Daniel E, Coleman, Peyton L, Iversen, John R, Maes, Hermine H, Gordon, Reyna L, and Lense, Miriam D

Subjects
Neurosciences, Brain Disorders, Clinical Research, Schizophrenia, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental Health, Depression, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Anxiety, Humans, Mental Disorders, Music, Music Therapy, Quality of Life, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology
Abstract

Is engaging with music good for your mental health? This question has long been the topic of empirical clinical and nonclinical investigations, with studies indicating positive associations between music engagement and quality of life, reduced depression or anxiety symptoms, and less frequent substance use. However, many earlier investigations were limited by small populations and methodological limitations, and it has also been suggested that aspects of music engagement may even be associated with worse mental health outcomes. The purpose of this scoping review is first to summarize the existing state of music engagement and mental health studies, identifying their strengths and weaknesses. We focus on broad domains of mental health diagnoses including internalizing psychopathology (e.g., depression and anxiety symptoms and diagnoses), externalizing psychopathology (e.g., substance use), and thought disorders (e.g., schizophrenia). Second, we propose a theoretical model to inform future work that describes the importance of simultaneously considering music-mental health associations at the levels of (1) correlated genetic and/or environmental influences vs. (bi)directional associations, (2) interactions with genetic risk factors, (3) treatment efficacy, and (4) mediation through brain structure and function. Finally, we describe how recent advances in large-scale data collection, including genetic, neuroimaging, and electronic health record studies, allow for a more rigorous examination of these associations that can also elucidate their neurobiological substrates.

Published
2021

6. Correspondence Between Perceived Pubertal Development and Hormone Levels in 9-10 Year-Olds From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

Author

Herting, Megan M, Uban, Kristina A, Gonzalez, Marybel Robledo, Baker, Fiona C, Kan, Eric C, Thompson, Wesley K, Granger, Douglas A, Albaugh, Matthew D, Anokhin, Andrey P, Bagot, Kara S, Banich, Marie T, Barch, Deanna M, Baskin-Sommers, Arielle, Breslin, Florence J, Casey, BJ, Chaarani, Bader, Chang, Linda, Clark, Duncan B, Cloak, Christine C, Constable, R Todd, Cottler, Linda B, Dagher, Rada K, Dapretto, Mirella, Dick, Anthony S, Dosenbach, Nico, Dowling, Gayathri J, Dumas, Julie A, Edwards, Sarah, Ernst, Thomas, Fair, Damien A, Feldstein-Ewing, Sarah W, Freedman, Edward G, Fuemmeler, Bernard F, Garavan, Hugh, Gee, Dylan G, Giedd, Jay N, Glaser, Paul EA, Goldstone, Aimee, Gray, Kevin M, Hawes, Samuel W, Heath, Andrew C, Heitzeg, Mary M, Hewitt, John K, Heyser, Charles J, Hoffman, Elizabeth A, Huber, Rebekah S, Huestis, Marilyn A, Hyde, Luke W, Infante, M Alejandra, Ivanova, Masha Y, Jacobus, Joanna, Jernigan, Terry L, Karcher, Nicole R, Laird, Angela R, LeBlanc, Kimberly H, Lisdahl, Krista, Luciana, Monica, Luna, Beatriz, Maes, Hermine H, Marshall, Andrew T, Mason, Michael J, McGlade, Erin C, Morris, Amanda S, Nagel, Bonnie J, Neigh, Gretchen N, Palmer, Clare E, Paulus, Martin P, Potter, Alexandra S, Puttler, Leon I, Rajapakse, Nishadi, Rapuano, Kristina, Reeves, Gloria, Renshaw, Perry F, Schirda, Claudiu, Sher, Kenneth J, Sheth, Chandni, Shilling, Paul D, Squeglia, Lindsay M, Sutherland, Matthew T, Tapert, Susan F, Tomko, Rachel L, Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah, Wade, Natasha E, Weiss, Susan RB, Zucker, Robert A, and Sowell, Elizabeth R

Subjects
Paediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Pediatric, Mental Health, Women's Health, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Social Determinants of Health, Neurosciences, Metabolic and endocrine, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adolescent Development, Child, Child Development, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Estradiol, Female, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Humans, Male, Puberty, Self Report, Sexual Maturation, Socioeconomic Factors, Testosterone, adolescent brain cognitive development, salivary hormones, pubertal development scale, puberty, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Clinical sciences
Abstract

AimTo examine individual variability between perceived physical features and hormones of pubertal maturation in 9-10-year-old children as a function of sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsCross-sectional metrics of puberty were utilized from the baseline assessment of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study-a multi-site sample of 9-10 year-olds (n = 11,875)-and included perceived physical features via the pubertal development scale (PDS) and child salivary hormone levels (dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone in all, and estradiol in females). Multi-level models examined the relationships among sociodemographic measures, physical features, and hormone levels. A group factor analysis (GFA) was implemented to extract latent variables of pubertal maturation that integrated both measures of perceived physical features and hormone levels.ResultsPDS summary scores indicated more males (70%) than females (31%) were prepubertal. Perceived physical features and hormone levels were significantly associated with child's weight status and income, such that more mature scores were observed among children that were overweight/obese or from households with low-income. Results from the GFA identified two latent factors that described individual differences in pubertal maturation among both females and males, with factor 1 driven by higher hormone levels, and factor 2 driven by perceived physical maturation. The correspondence between latent factor 1 scores (hormones) and latent factor 2 scores (perceived physical maturation) revealed synchronous and asynchronous relationships between hormones and concomitant physical features in this large young adolescent sample.ConclusionsSociodemographic measures were associated with both objective hormone and self-report physical measures of pubertal maturation in a large, diverse sample of 9-10 year-olds. The latent variables of pubertal maturation described a complex interplay between perceived physical changes and hormone levels that hallmark sexual maturation, which future studies can examine in relation to trajectories of brain maturation, risk/resilience to substance use, and other mental health outcomes.

Published
2021

7. A large-scale genome-wide association study meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder.

Author

Johnson, Emma C, Demontis, Ditte, Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E, Walters, Raymond K, Polimanti, Renato, Hatoum, Alexander S, Sanchez-Roige, Sandra, Paul, Sarah E, Wendt, Frank R, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Lai, Dongbing, Reginsson, Gunnar W, Zhou, Hang, He, June, Baranger, David AA, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F, Wedow, Robbee, Adkins, Daniel E, Adkins, Amy E, Alexander, Jeffry, Bacanu, Silviu-Alin, Bigdeli, Tim B, Boden, Joseph, Brown, Sandra A, Bucholz, Kathleen K, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Corley, Robin P, Degenhardt, Louisa, Dick, Danielle M, Domingue, Benjamin W, Fox, Louis, Goate, Alison M, Gordon, Scott D, Hack, Laura M, Hancock, Dana B, Hartz, Sarah M, Hickie, Ian B, Hougaard, David M, Krauter, Kenneth, Lind, Penelope A, McClintick, Jeanette N, McQueen, Matthew B, Meyers, Jacquelyn L, Montgomery, Grant W, Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben B, Nordentoft, Merete, Pearson, John F, Peterson, Roseann E, Reynolds, Maureen D, Rice, John P, Runarsdottir, Valgerdur, Saccone, Nancy L, Sherva, Richard, Silberg, Judy L, Tarter, Ralph E, Tyrfingsson, Thorarinn, Wall, Tamara L, Webb, Bradley T, Werge, Thomas, Wetherill, Leah, Wright, Margaret J, Zellers, Stephanie, Adams, Mark J, Bierut, Laura J, Boardman, Jason D, Copeland, William E, Farrer, Lindsay A, Foroud, Tatiana M, Gillespie, Nathan A, Grucza, Richard A, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Heath, Andrew C, Hesselbrock, Victor, Hewitt, John K, Hopfer, Christian J, Horwood, John, Iacono, William G, Johnson, Eric O, Kendler, Kenneth S, Kennedy, Martin A, Kranzler, Henry R, Madden, Pamela AF, Maes, Hermine H, Maher, Brion S, Martin, Nicholas G, McGue, Matthew, McIntosh, Andrew M, Medland, Sarah E, Nelson, Elliot C, Porjesz, Bernice, Riley, Brien P, Stallings, Michael C, Vanyukov, Michael M, Vrieze, Scott, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders Workgroup, Davis, Lea K, Bogdan, Ryan, Gelernter, Joel, and Edenberg, Howard J

Subjects
Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders Workgroup, Humans, Marijuana Abuse, Risk, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome-Wide Association Study, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology
Abstract

BackgroundVariation in liability to cannabis use disorder has a strong genetic component (estimated twin and family heritability about 50-70%) and is associated with negative outcomes, including increased risk of psychopathology. The aim of the study was to conduct a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel genetic variants associated with cannabis use disorder.MethodsTo conduct this GWAS meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder and identify associations with genetic loci, we used samples from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders working group, iPSYCH, and deCODE (20 916 case samples, 363 116 control samples in total), contrasting cannabis use disorder cases with controls. To examine the genetic overlap between cannabis use disorder and 22 traits of interest (chosen because of previously published phenotypic correlations [eg, psychiatric disorders] or hypothesised associations [eg, chronotype] with cannabis use disorder), we used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate genetic correlations.FindingsWe identified two genome-wide significant loci: a novel chromosome 7 locus (FOXP2, lead single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] rs7783012; odds ratio [OR] 1·11, 95% CI 1·07-1·15, p=1·84 × 10-9) and the previously identified chromosome 8 locus (near CHRNA2 and EPHX2, lead SNP rs4732724; OR 0·89, 95% CI 0·86-0·93, p=6·46 × 10-9). Cannabis use disorder and cannabis use were genetically correlated (rg 0·50, p=1·50 × 10-21), but they showed significantly different genetic correlations with 12 of the 22 traits we tested, suggesting at least partially different genetic underpinnings of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. Cannabis use disorder was positively genetically correlated with other psychopathology, including ADHD, major depression, and schizophrenia.InterpretationThese findings support the theory that cannabis use disorder has shared genetic liability with other psychopathology, and there is a distinction between genetic liability to cannabis use and cannabis use disorder.FundingNational Institute of Mental Health; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institute on Drug Abuse; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine and the Centre for Integrative Sequencing; The European Commission, Horizon 2020; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Health Research Council of New Zealand; National Institute on Aging; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium; UK Research and Innovation Medical Research Council (UKRI MRC); The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia; Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program of the University of California; Families for Borderline Personality Disorder Research (Beth and Rob Elliott) 2018 NARSAD Young Investigator Grant; The National Child Health Research Foundation (Cure Kids); The Canterbury Medical Research Foundation; The New Zealand Lottery Grants Board; The University of Otago; The Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics; The James Hume Bequest Fund; National Institutes of Health: Genes, Environment and Health Initiative; National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute; The William T Grant Foundation; Australian Research Council; The Virginia Tobacco Settlement Foundation; The VISN 1 and VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Centers of the US Department of Veterans Affairs; The 5th Framework Programme (FP-5) GenomEUtwin Project; The Lundbeck Foundation; NIH-funded Shared Instrumentation Grant S10RR025141; Clinical Translational Sciences Award grants; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of General Medical Sciences.

Published
2020

8. Leveraging genome-wide data to investigate differences between opioid use vs. opioid dependence in 41,176 individuals from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium

Author

Polimanti, Renato, Walters, Raymond K, Johnson, Emma C, McClintick, Jeanette N, Adkins, Amy E, Adkins, Daniel E, Bacanu, Silviu-Alin, Bierut, Laura J, Bigdeli, Tim B, Brown, Sandra, Bucholz, Kathleen K, Copeland, William E, Costello, E Jane, Degenhardt, Louisa, Farrer, Lindsay A, Foroud, Tatiana M, Fox, Louis, Goate, Alison M, Grucza, Richard, Hack, Laura M, Hancock, Dana B, Hartz, Sarah M, Heath, Andrew C, Hewitt, John K, Hopfer, Christian J, Johnson, Eric O, Kendler, Kenneth S, Kranzler, Henry R, Krauter, Kenneth, Lai, Dongbing, Madden, Pamela AF, Martin, Nicholas G, Maes, Hermine H, Nelson, Elliot C, Peterson, Roseann E, Porjesz, Bernice, Riley, Brien P, Saccone, Nancy, Stallings, Michael, Wall, Tamara L, Webb, Bradley T, Wetherill, Leah, Edenberg, Howard J, Agrawal, Arpana, and Gelernter, Joel

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Substance Misuse, Neurosciences, Brain Disorders, Human Genome, Genetics, Mental Health, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Analgesics, Opioid, Behavior, Addictive, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation, Genome, Human, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genomics, Humans, Male, Multifactorial Inheritance, Opioid-Related Disorders, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders Workgroup, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

To provide insights into the biology of opioid dependence (OD) and opioid use (i.e., exposure, OE), we completed a genome-wide analysis comparing 4503 OD cases, 4173 opioid-exposed controls, and 32,500 opioid-unexposed controls, including participants of European and African descent (EUR and AFR, respectively). Among the variants identified, rs9291211 was associated with OE (exposed vs. unexposed controls; EUR z = -5.39, p = 7.2 × 10-8). This variant regulates the transcriptomic profiles of SLC30A9 and BEND4 in multiple brain tissues and was previously associated with depression, alcohol consumption, and neuroticism. A phenome-wide scan of rs9291211 in the UK Biobank (N > 360,000) found association of this variant with propensity to use dietary supplements (p = 1.68 × 10-8). With respect to the same OE phenotype in the gene-based analysis, we identified SDCCAG8 (EUR + AFR z = 4.69, p = 10-6), which was previously associated with educational attainment, risk-taking behaviors, and schizophrenia. In addition, rs201123820 showed a genome-wide significant difference between OD cases and unexposed controls (AFR z = 5.55, p = 2.9 × 10-8) and a significant association with musculoskeletal disorders in the UK Biobank (p = 4.88 × 10-7). A polygenic risk score (PRS) based on a GWAS of risk-tolerance (n = 466,571) was positively associated with OD (OD vs. unexposed controls, p = 8.1 × 10-5; OD cases vs. exposed controls, p = 0.054) and OE (exposed vs. unexposed controls, p = 3.6 × 10-5). A PRS based on a GWAS of neuroticism (n = 390,278) was positively associated with OD (OD vs. unexposed controls, p = 3.2 × 10-5; OD vs. exposed controls, p = 0.002) but not with OE (p = 0.67). Our analyses highlight the difference between dependence and exposure and the importance of considering the definition of controls in studies of addiction.

Published
2020

9. Genetic and environmental influences on human height from infancy through adulthood at different levels of parental education

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Latvala, Antti, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Silberg, Judy L, Maes, Hermine H, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Lichtenstein, Paul, Bartels, Meike, Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM van, Willemsen, Gonneke, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Health Sciences, Psychology, Pediatric, Nutrition, Genetics, Prevention, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Quality Education, Adolescent, Adult, Body Height, Child, Child, Preschool, Environment, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Background, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Parenting, Parents, Quantitative Trait Loci, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Young Adult
Abstract

Genetic factors explain a major proportion of human height variation, but differences in mean stature have also been found between socio-economic categories suggesting a possible effect of environment. By utilizing a classical twin design which allows decomposing the variation of height into genetic and environmental components, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variation in height is greater in offspring of lower educated parents. Twin data from 29 cohorts including 65,978 complete twin pairs with information on height at ages 1 to 69 years and on parental education were pooled allowing the analyses at different ages and in three geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia). Parental education mostly showed a positive association with offspring height, with significant associations in mid-childhood and from adolescence onwards. In variance decomposition modeling, the genetic and environmental variance components of height did not show a consistent relation to parental education. A random-effects meta-regression analysis of the aggregate-level data showed a trend towards greater shared environmental variation of height in low parental education families. In conclusion, in our very large dataset from twin cohorts around the globe, these results provide only weak evidence for the study hypothesis.

Published
2020

10. Correspondence Between Perceived Pubertal Development and Hormone Levels in 9-10 Year-Olds From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.

Author

Herting, Megan M, Uban, Kristina A, Gonzalez, Marybel Robledo, Baker, Fiona C, Kan, Eric C, Thompson, Wesley K, Granger, Douglas A, Albaugh, Matthew D, Anokhin, Andrey P, Bagot, Kara S, Banich, Marie T, Barch, Deanna M, Baskin-Sommers, Arielle, Breslin, Florence J, Casey, BJ, Chaarani, Bader, Chang, Linda, Clark, Duncan B, Cloak, Christine C, Constable, R Todd, Cottler, Linda B, Dagher, Rada K, Dapretto, Mirella, Dick, Anthony S, Dosenbach, Nico, Dowling, Gayathri J, Dumas, Julie A, Edwards, Sarah, Ernst, Thomas, Fair, Damien A, Feldstein-Ewing, Sarah W, Freedman, Edward G, Fuemmeler, Bernard F, Garavan, Hugh, Gee, Dylan G, Giedd, Jay N, Glaser, Paul EA, Goldstone, Aimee, Gray, Kevin M, Hawes, Samuel W, Heath, Andrew C, Heitzeg, Mary M, Hewitt, John K, Heyser, Charles J, Hoffman, Elizabeth A, Huber, Rebekah S, Huestis, Marilyn A, Hyde, Luke W, Infante, M Alejandra, Ivanova, Masha Y, Jacobus, Joanna, Jernigan, Terry L, Karcher, Nicole R, Laird, Angela R, LeBlanc, Kimberly H, Lisdahl, Krista, Luciana, Monica, Luna, Beatriz, Maes, Hermine H, Marshall, Andrew T, Mason, Michael J, McGlade, Erin C, Morris, Amanda S, Nagel, Bonnie J, Neigh, Gretchen N, Palmer, Clare E, Paulus, Martin P, Potter, Alexandra S, Puttler, Leon I, Rajapakse, Nishadi, Rapuano, Kristina, Reeves, Gloria, Renshaw, Perry F, Schirda, Claudiu, Sher, Kenneth J, Sheth, Chandni, Shilling, Paul D, Squeglia, Lindsay M, Sutherland, Matthew T, Tapert, Susan F, Tomko, Rachel L, Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah, Wade, Natasha E, Weiss, Susan RB, Zucker, Robert A, and Sowell, Elizabeth R

Subjects
Humans, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Testosterone, Estradiol, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adolescent Development, Child Development, Puberty, Sexual Maturation, Socioeconomic Factors, Adolescent, Child, Female, Male, Self Report, adolescent brain cognitive development, dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, pubertal development scale, puberty, salivary hormones, testosterone, Pediatric, Behavioral and Social Science, Prevention, Pediatric Research Initiative, Clinical Research, Mental Health, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Contraception/Reproduction, Mental health, Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics
Abstract

AimTo examine individual variability between perceived physical features and hormones of pubertal maturation in 9-10-year-old children as a function of sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsCross-sectional metrics of puberty were utilized from the baseline assessment of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study-a multi-site sample of 9-10 year-olds (n = 11,875)-and included perceived physical features via the pubertal development scale (PDS) and child salivary hormone levels (dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone in all, and estradiol in females). Multi-level models examined the relationships among sociodemographic measures, physical features, and hormone levels. A group factor analysis (GFA) was implemented to extract latent variables of pubertal maturation that integrated both measures of perceived physical features and hormone levels.ResultsPDS summary scores indicated more males (70%) than females (31%) were prepubertal. Perceived physical features and hormone levels were significantly associated with child's weight status and income, such that more mature scores were observed among children that were overweight/obese or from households with low-income. Results from the GFA identified two latent factors that described individual differences in pubertal maturation among both females and males, with factor 1 driven by higher hormone levels, and factor 2 driven by perceived physical maturation. The correspondence between latent factor 1 scores (hormones) and latent factor 2 scores (perceived physical maturation) revealed synchronous and asynchronous relationships between hormones and concomitant physical features in this large young adolescent sample.ConclusionsSociodemographic measures were associated with both objective hormone and self-report physical measures of pubertal maturation in a large, diverse sample of 9-10 year-olds. The latent variables of pubertal maturation described a complex interplay between perceived physical changes and hormone levels that hallmark sexual maturation, which future studies can examine in relation to trajectories of brain maturation, risk/resilience to substance use, and other mental health outcomes.

Published
2020

15. Genetic association study of childhood aggression across raters, instruments, and age

Author

Ip, Hill F., van der Laan, Camiel M., Krapohl, Eva M. L., Brikell, Isabell, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Nolte, Ilja M., St Pourcain, Beate, Bolhuis, Koen, Palviainen, Teemu, Zafarmand, Hadi, Colodro-Conde, Lucía, Gordon, Scott, Zayats, Tetyana, Aliev, Fazil, Jiang, Chang, Wang, Carol A., Saunders, Gretchen, Karhunen, Ville, Hammerschlag, Anke R., Adkins, Daniel E., Border, Richard, Peterson, Roseann E., Prinz, Joseph A., Thiering, Elisabeth, Seppälä, Ilkka, Vilor-Tejedor, Natàlia, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Day, Felix R., Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Allegrini, Andrea G., Rimfeld, Kaili, Chen, Qi, Lu, Yi, Martin, Joanna, Soler Artigas, María, Rovira, Paula, Bosch, Rosa, Español, Gemma, Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Neumann, Alexander, Ensink, Judith, Grasby, Katrina, Morosoli, José J., Tong, Xiaoran, Marrington, Shelby, Middeldorp, Christel, Scott, James G., Vinkhuyzen, Anna, Shabalin, Andrey A., Corley, Robin, Evans, Luke M., Sugden, Karen, Alemany, Silvia, Sass, Lærke, Vinding, Rebecca, Ruth, Kate, Tyrrell, Jess, Davies, Gareth E., Ehli, Erik A., Hagenbeek, Fiona A., De Zeeuw, Eveline, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C.E.M., Larsson, Henrik, Snieder, Harold, Verhulst, Frank C., Amin, Najaf, Whipp, Alyce M., Korhonen, Tellervo, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Rose, Richard J., Uitterlinden, André G., Heath, Andrew C., Madden, Pamela, Haavik, Jan, Harris, Jennifer R., Helgeland, Øyvind, Johansson, Stefan, Knudsen, Gun Peggy S., Njolstad, Pal Rasmus, Lu, Qing, Rodriguez, Alina, Henders, Anjali K., Mamun, Abdullah, Najman, Jackob M., Brown, Sandy, Hopfer, Christian, Krauter, Kenneth, Reynolds, Chandra, Smolen, Andrew, Stallings, Michael, Wadsworth, Sally, Wall, Tamara L., Silberg, Judy L., Miller, Allison, Keltikangas-Järvinen, Liisa, Hakulinen, Christian, Pulkki-Råback, Laura, Havdahl, Alexandra, Magnus, Per, Raitakari, Olli T., Perry, John R. B., Llop, Sabrina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Bisgaard, Hans, Sunyer, Jordi, Lehtimäki, Terho, Arseneault, Louise, Standl, Marie, Heinrich, Joachim, Boden, Joseph, Pearson, John, Horwood, L. John, Kennedy, Martin, Poulton, Richie, Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Hewitt, John, Copeland, William E., Costello, Elizabeth J., Williams, Gail M., Wray, Naomi, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, McGue, Matt, Iacono, William, Caspi, Avshalom, Moffitt, Terrie E., Whitehouse, Andrew, Pennell, Craig E., Klump, Kelly L., Burt, S. Alexandra, Dick, Danielle M., Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Vrijkotte, Tanja, Kaprio, Jaakko, Tiemeier, Henning, Davey Smith, George, Hartman, Catharina A., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Casas, Miquel, Ribasés, Marta, Lichtenstein, Paul, Lundström, Sebastian, Plomin, Robert, Bartels, Meike, Nivard, Michel G., and Boomsma, Dorret I.

Published
2021
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17. Genetic and Environmental Variation in Continuous Phenotypes in the ABCD Study®

Author

Maes, Hermine H. M., primary, Lapato, Dana M., additional, Schmitt, J. Eric, additional, Luciana, Monica, additional, Banich, Marie T., additional, Bjork, James M., additional, Hewitt, John K., additional, Madden, Pamela A., additional, Heath, Andrew C., additional, Barch, Deanna M., additional, Thompson, Wes K., additional, Iacono, William G., additional, and Neale, Michael C., additional

Published
2022
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22. Maintained Individual Data Distributed Likelihood Estimation (MIDDLE)

Author

Rat für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD), Boker, Steven M., Brick, Timothy R., Pritikin, Joshua N., Yang, Wang, Oertzen, Timo von, Brown, Donald, Lach, John, Estabrook, Ryne, Hunter, Michael D., Maes, Hermine H., Neale, Michael C., Rat für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD), Boker, Steven M., Brick, Timothy R., Pritikin, Joshua N., Yang, Wang, Oertzen, Timo von, Brown, Donald, Lach, John, Estabrook, Ryne, Hunter, Michael D., Maes, Hermine H., and Neale, Michael C.

Abstract

Maintained Individual Data Distributed Likelihood Estimation (MIDDLE) is a novel paradigm for research in the behavioral, social, and health sciences. The MIDDLE approach is based on the seemingly-impossible idea that data can be privately maintained by participants and never revealed to researchers, while still enabling statistical models to be fit and scientific hypotheses tested. MIDDLE rests on the assumption that participant data should belong to, be controlled by, and remain in the possession of the participants themselves. Distributed likelihood estimation refers to fitting statistical models by sending an objective function and vector of parameters to each participants' personal device (e.g., smartphone, tablet, computer), where the likelihood of that individual's data is calculated locally. Only the likelihood value is returned to the central optimizer. The optimizer aggregates likelihood values from responding participants and chooses new vectors of parameters until the model converges. A MIDDLE study provides significantly greater privacy for participants, automatic management of optin and opt-out consent, lower cost for the researcher and funding institute, and faster determination of results. Furthermore, if a participant opts into several studies simultaneously and opts into data sharing, these studies automatically have access to individual-level longitudinal data linked across all studies.

Published
2022

23. Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts

Author

Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Silventoinen, Karri, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Sung, Joohon, Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucía, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Silventoinen, Karri, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Sung, Joohon, Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucía, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

We tested the causality between education and smoking using the natural experiment of discordant twin pairs allowing to optimally control for background genetic and childhood social factors. Data from 18 cohorts including 10,527 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for education and smoking were analyzed by linear fixed effects regression models. Within twin pairs, education levels were lower among the currently smoking than among the never smoking co-twins and this education difference was larger within DZ than MZ pairs. Similarly, education levels were higher among former smoking than among currently smoking co-twins, and this difference was larger within DZ pairs. Our results support the hypothesis of a causal effect of education on both current smoking status and smoking cessation. However, the even greater intra-pair differences within DZ pairs, who share only 50% of their segregating genes, provide evidence that shared genetic factors also contribute to these associations.

Published
2022

24. Genome-wide Association Meta-analysis of Childhood and Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms

Author

Jami, Eshim S., Hammerschlag, Anke R., Ip, Hill F., Allegrini, Andrea G., Benyamin, Beben, Border, Richard, Diemer, Elizabeth W., Jiang, Chang, Karhunen, Ville, Lu, Yi, Lu, Qing, Mallard, Travis T., Mishra, Pashupati P., Nolte, Ilja M., Palviainen, Teemu, Peterson, Roseann E., Sallis, Hannah M., Shabalin, Andrey A., Tate, Ashley E., Thiering, Elisabeth, Vilor-Tejedor, Natàlia, Wang, Carol, Zhou, Ang, Adkins, Daniel E., Alemany, Silvia, Ask, Helga, Chen, Qi, Corley, Robin P., Ehli, Erik A., Evans, Luke M., Havdahl, Alexandra, Hagenbeek, Fiona A., Hakulinen, Christian, Henders, Anjali K., Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Korhonen, Tellervo, Mamun, Abdullah, Marrington, Shelby, Neumann, Alexander, Rimfeld, Kaili, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Silberg, Judy L., van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E., Vuoksimaa, Eero, Whipp, Alyce M., Tong, Xiaoran, Andreassen, Ole A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Brown, Sandra A., Burt, S. Alexandra, Copeland, William, Dick, Danielle M., Harden, K. Paige, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Hartman, Catharina A., Heinrich, Joachim, Hewitt, John K., Hopfer, Christian, Hypponen, Elina, Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta, Kaprio, Jaakko, Keltikangas-Järvinen, Liisa, Klump, Kelly L., Krauter, Kenneth, Kuja-Halkola, Ralf, Larsson, Henrik, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lichtenstein, Paul, Lundström, Sebastian, Maes, Hermine H., Magnus, Per, Munafò, Marcus R., Najman, Jake M., Njølstad, Pål R., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Pennell, Craig E., Plomin, Robert, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Reynolds, Chandra, Rose, Richard J., Smolen, Andrew, Snieder, Harold, Stallings, Michael, Standl, Marie, Sunyer, Jordi, Tiemeier, Henning, Wadsworth, Sally J., Wall, Tamara L., Whitehouse, Andrew J.O., Williams, Gail M., Ystrøm, Eivind, Nivard, Michel G., Bartels, Meike, Middeldorp, Christel M., Jami, Eshim S., Hammerschlag, Anke R., Ip, Hill F., Allegrini, Andrea G., Benyamin, Beben, Border, Richard, Diemer, Elizabeth W., Jiang, Chang, Karhunen, Ville, Lu, Yi, Lu, Qing, Mallard, Travis T., Mishra, Pashupati P., Nolte, Ilja M., Palviainen, Teemu, Peterson, Roseann E., Sallis, Hannah M., Shabalin, Andrey A., Tate, Ashley E., Thiering, Elisabeth, Vilor-Tejedor, Natàlia, Wang, Carol, Zhou, Ang, Adkins, Daniel E., Alemany, Silvia, Ask, Helga, Chen, Qi, Corley, Robin P., Ehli, Erik A., Evans, Luke M., Havdahl, Alexandra, Hagenbeek, Fiona A., Hakulinen, Christian, Henders, Anjali K., Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Korhonen, Tellervo, Mamun, Abdullah, Marrington, Shelby, Neumann, Alexander, Rimfeld, Kaili, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Silberg, Judy L., van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E., Vuoksimaa, Eero, Whipp, Alyce M., Tong, Xiaoran, Andreassen, Ole A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Brown, Sandra A., Burt, S. Alexandra, Copeland, William, Dick, Danielle M., Harden, K. Paige, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Hartman, Catharina A., Heinrich, Joachim, Hewitt, John K., Hopfer, Christian, Hypponen, Elina, Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta, Kaprio, Jaakko, Keltikangas-Järvinen, Liisa, Klump, Kelly L., Krauter, Kenneth, Kuja-Halkola, Ralf, Larsson, Henrik, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lichtenstein, Paul, Lundström, Sebastian, Maes, Hermine H., Magnus, Per, Munafò, Marcus R., Najman, Jake M., Njølstad, Pål R., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Pennell, Craig E., Plomin, Robert, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Reynolds, Chandra, Rose, Richard J., Smolen, Andrew, Snieder, Harold, Stallings, Michael, Standl, Marie, Sunyer, Jordi, Tiemeier, Henning, Wadsworth, Sally J., Wall, Tamara L., Whitehouse, Andrew J.O., Williams, Gail M., Ystrøm, Eivind, Nivard, Michel G., Bartels, Meike, and Middeldorp, Christel M.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the genetic architecture of internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Method: In 22 cohorts, multiple univariate genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were performed using repeated assessments of internalizing symptoms, in a total of 64,561 children and adolescents between 3 and 18 years of age. Results were aggregated in meta-analyses that accounted for sample overlap, first using all available data, and then using subsets of measurements grouped by rater, age, and instrument. Results: The meta-analysis of overall internalizing symptoms (INToverall) detected no genome-wide significant hits and showed low single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability (1.66%, 95% CI = 0.84-2.48%, neffective = 132,260). Stratified analyses indicated rater-based heterogeneity in genetic effects, with self-reported internalizing symptoms showing the highest heritability (5.63%, 95% CI = 3.08%-8.18%). The contribution of additive genetic effects on internalizing symptoms appeared to be stable over age, with overlapping estimates of SNP heritability from early childhood to adolescence. Genetic correlations were observed with adult anxiety, depression, and the well-being spectrum (|rg| > 0.70), as well as with insomnia, loneliness, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, and childhood aggression (range |rg| = 0.42-0.60), whereas there were no robust associations with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or anorexia nervosa. Conclusion: Genetic correlations indicate that childhood and adolescent internalizing symptoms share substantial genetic vulnerabilities with adult internalizing disorders and other childhood psychiatric traits, which could partially explain both the persistence of internalizing symptoms over time and the high comorbidity among childhood psychiatric traits. Reducing phenotypic heterogeneity in childhood samples will be key in paving the way t

Published
2022

25. Analysis and Interpretation of Twin Studies Including Measures of the Shared Environment

Author

Turkheimer, Eric, D'Onofrio, Brian M., and Maes, Hermine H.

Abstract

Recent reports using a classical behavior genetic research design in which twin data are combined with a measured characteristic of their shared family environment have made striking claims about estimating environmental influences on behavior with genetic effects controlled. Such claims are overstated for two related reasons. First, when a variable is measured at the family level in a way that makes it necessarily equivalent for twins reared together, it is not possible to partition it into genetic and environmental components. Second, although structural equation modeling and DeFries--Fulker analysis are sound tools for the analysis of many types of twin data, they do not control for genetic or environmental confounds when estimating the effect of measured family-level variables.

Published
2005
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28. Parental education and genetics of body mass index from infancy to old age: a pooled analysis of 29 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José A, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Silberg, Judy L, Maes, Hermine H, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Harris, Jennifer R, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Lichtenstein, Paul, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Subjects
Adult, Male, Parents, Adolescent, parental education, Twins, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Infant, body mass index, Middle Aged, Article, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Humans, genetics, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, international comparisons, Child, Aged
Abstract

Objective: To analyze how parental education modifies the genetic and environmental variances of body mass index (BMI) from infancy to old age in three geographic-cultural regions. Methods: A pooled sample of 29 cohorts including 143 499 twin individuals with information on parental education and BMI from 1 to 79 years (299 201 BMI measures) was analyzed by genetic twin modeling. Results: Until 4 years of age, parental education was not consistently associated with BMI. Thereafter, higher parental education was associated with lower BMI in males and females. Total and additive genetic variances of BMI were smaller in the offspring of highly educated parents than in those whose parents had low education. Especially in North American and Australian children, environmental factors shared by co-twins also contributed to the higher BMI variation in the low educational category. In Europe and East Asia, the associations of parental education with mean BMI and BMI variance were weaker than in North America and Australia. Conclusions: Lower parental education is associated with higher mean and larger genetic variance of BMI after early childhood, especially in the obesogenic macro-environment. The interplay between genetic predisposition, childhood social environment and macro-social context is important for socio-economic differences in BMI.

Published
2019

30. Shared genetic risk between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes: Evidence from genome-wide association studies

Author

Munn-Chernoff, Melissa A, Johnson, Emma C, Chou, Yi-Ling, Coleman, Jonathan R I, Thornton, Laura M, Walters, Raymond K, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Baker, Jessica H, Hübel, Christopher, Gordon, Scott, Medland, Sarah E, Watson, Hunna J, Gaspar, Héléna A, Bryois, Julien, Hinney, Anke, Leppä, Virpi M, Mattheisen, Manuel, Ripke, Stephan, Yao, Shuyang, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Hanscombe, Ken B, Adan, Roger A H, Alfredsson, Lars, Ando, Tetsuya, Andreassen, Ole A, Berrettini, Wade H, Boehm, Ilka, Boni, Claudette, Boraska Perica, Vesna, Buehren, Katharina, Burghardt, Roland, Cassina, Matteo, Cichon, Sven, Clementi, Maurizio, Cone, Roger D, Courtet, Philippe, Crow, Scott, Crowley, James J, Danner, Unna N, Davis, Oliver S P, de Zwaan, Martina, Dedoussis, George, Degortes, Daniela, DeSocio, Janiece E, Dick, Danielle M, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dina, Christian, Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Monika, Docampo, Elisa, Duncan, Laramie E, Egberts, Karin, Ehrlich, Stefan, Escaramís, Geòrgia, Esko, Tõnu, Estivill, Xavier, Farmer, Anne, Favaro, Angela, Fernández-Aranda, Fernando, Fichter, Manfred M, Fischer, Krista, Föcker, Manuel, Foretova, Lenka, Forstner, Andreas J, Forzan, Monica, Franklin, Christopher S, Gallinger, Steven, Giegling, Ina, Giuranna, Johanna, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Gorwood, Philip, Gratacos Mayora, Monica, Guillaume, Sébastien, Guo, Yiran, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, Hauser, Joanna, Hebebrand, Johannes, Helder, Sietske G, Herms, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Herzog, Wolfgang, Huckins, Laura M, Hudson, James I, Imgart, Hartmut, Inoko, Hidetoshi, Janout, Vladimir, Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, Julià, Antonio, Kalsi, Gursharan, Kaminská, Deborah, Karhunen, Leila, Karwautz, Andreas, Kas, Martien J H, Kennedy, James L, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Kiezebrink, Kirsty, Kim, Youl-Ri, Klump, Kelly L, Knudsen, Gun Peggy S, La Via, Maria C, Le Hellard, Stephanie, Levitan, Robert D, Li, Dong, Lilenfeld, Lisa, Lin, Bochao Danae, Lissowska, Jolanta, Luykx, Jurjen, Magistretti, Pierre J, Maj, Mario, Mannik, Katrin, Marsal, Sara, Marshall, Christian R, Mattingsdal, Morten, McDevitt, Sara, McGuffin, Peter, Metspalu, Andres, Meulenbelt, Ingrid, Micali, Nadia, Mitchell, Karen, Monteleone, Alessio Maria, Monteleone, Palmiero, Nacmias, Benedetta, Navratilova, Marie, Ntalla, Ioanna, O'Toole, Julie K, Ophoff, Roel A, Padyukov, Leonid, Palotie, Aarno, Pantel, Jacques, Papezova, Hana, Pinto, Dalila, Rabionet, Raquel, Raevuori, Anu, Ramoz, Nicolas, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Ricca, Valdo, Ripatti, Samuli, Ritschel, Franziska, Roberts, Marion, Rotondo, Alessandro, Rujescu, Dan, Rybakowski, Filip, Santonastaso, Paolo, Scherag, André, Scherer, Stephen W, Schmidt, Ulrike, Schork, Nicholas J, Schosser, Alexandra, Seitz, Jochen, Slachtova, Lenka, Slagboom, P Eline, Slof-Op't Landt, Margarita C T, Slopien, Agnieszka, Sorbi, Sandro, Świątkowska, Beata, Szatkiewicz, Jin P, Tachmazidou, Ioanna, Tenconi, Elena, Tortorella, Alfonso, Tozzi, Federica, Treasure, Janet, Tsitsika, Artemis, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Marta, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, van Elburg, Annemarie A, van Furth, Eric F, Wagner, Gudrun, Walton, Esther, Widen, Elisabeth, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zerwas, Stephanie, Zipfel, Stephan, Bergen, Andrew W, Boden, Joseph M, Brandt, Harry, Crawford, Steven, Halmi, Katherine A, Horwood, L John, Johnson, Craig, Kaplan, Allan S, Kaye, Walter H, Mitchell, James, Olsen, Catherine M, Pearson, John F, Pedersen, Nancy L, Strober, Michael, Werge, Thomas, Whiteman, David C, Woodside, D Blake, Grove, Jakob, Henders, Anjali K, Larsen, Janne T, Parker, Richard, Petersen, Liselotte V, Jordan, Jennifer, Kennedy, Martin A, Birgegård, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Norring, Claes, Landén, Mikael, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Polimanti, Renato, McClintick, Jeanette N, Adkins, Amy E, Aliev, Fazil, Bacanu, Silviu-Alin, Batzler, Anthony, Bertelsen, Sarah, Biernacka, Joanna M, Bigdeli, Tim B, Chen, Li-Shiun, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Degenhardt, Franziska, Docherty, Anna R, Edwards, Alexis C, Foo, Jerome C, Fox, Louis, Frank, Josef, Hack, Laura M, Hartmann, Annette M, Hartz, Sarah M, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Hodgkinson, Colin, Hoffmann, Per, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Konte, Bettina, Lahti, Jari, Lahti-Pulkkinen, Marius, Lai, Dongbing, Ligthart, Lannie, Loukola, Anu, Maher, Brion S, Mbarek, Hamdi, McIntosh, Andrew M, McQueen, Matthew B, Meyers, Jacquelyn L, Milaneschi, Yuri, Palviainen, Teemu, Peterson, Roseann E, Ryu, Euijung, Saccone, Nancy L, Salvatore, Jessica E, Sanchez-Roige, Sandra, Schwandt, Melanie, Sherva, Richard, Streit, Fabian, Strohmaier, Jana, Thomas, Nathaniel, Wang, Jen-Chyong, Webb, Bradley T, Wedow, Robbee, Wetherill, Leah, Wills, Amanda G, Zhou, Hang, Boardman, Jason D, Chen, Danfeng, Choi, Doo-Sup, Copeland, William E, Culverhouse, Robert C, Dahmen, Norbert, Degenhardt, Louisa, Domingue, Benjamin W, Frye, Mark A, Gäbel, Wolfgang, Hayward, Caroline, Ising, Marcus, Keyes, Margaret, Kiefer, Falk, Koller, Gabriele, Kramer, John, Kuperman, Samuel, Lucae, Susanne, Lynskey, Michael T, Maier, Wolfgang, Mann, Karl, Männistö, Satu, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Murray, Alison D, Nurnberger, John I, Preuss, Ulrich, Räikkönen, Katri, Reynolds, Maureen D, Ridinger, Monika, Scherbaum, Norbert, Schuckit, Marc A, Soyka, Michael, Treutlein, Jens, Witt, Stephanie H, Wodarz, Norbert, Zill, Peter, Adkins, Daniel E, Boomsma, Dorret I, Bierut, Laura J, Brown, Sandra A, Bucholz, Kathleen K, Costello, E Jane, de Wit, Harriet, Diazgranados, Nancy, Eriksson, Johan G, Farrer, Lindsay A, Foroud, Tatiana M, Gillespie, Nathan A, Goate, Alison M, Goldman, David, Grucza, Richard A, Hancock, Dana B, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Hesselbrock, Victor, Hewitt, John K, Hopfer, Christian J, Iacono, William G, Johnson, Eric O, Karpyak, Victor M, Kendler, Kenneth S, Kranzler, Henry R, Krauter, Kenneth, Lind, Penelope A, McGue, Matt, MacKillop, James, Madden, Pamela A F, Maes, Hermine H, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Nelson, Elliot C, Nöthen, Markus M, Palmer, Abraham A, Penninx, Brenda W J H, Porjesz, Bernice, Rice, John P, Rietschel, Marcella, Riley, Brien P, Rose, Richard J, Shen, Pei-Hong, Silberg, Judy, Stallings, Michael C, Tarter, Ralph E, Vanyukov, Michael M, Vrieze, Scott, Wall, Tamara L, Whitfield, John B, Zhao, Hongyu, Neale, Benjamin M, Wade, Tracey D, Heath, Andrew C, Montgomery, Grant W, Martin, Nicholas G, Sullivan, Patrick F, Kaprio, Jaakko, Breen, Gerome, Gelernter, Joel, Edenberg, Howard J, Bulik, Cynthia M, Agrawal, Arpana, Munn-Chernoff, Melissa A, Johnson, Emma C, Chou, Yi-Ling, Coleman, Jonathan R I, Thornton, Laura M, Walters, Raymond K, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Baker, Jessica H, Hübel, Christopher, Gordon, Scott, Medland, Sarah E, Watson, Hunna J, Gaspar, Héléna A, Bryois, Julien, Hinney, Anke, Leppä, Virpi M, Mattheisen, Manuel, Ripke, Stephan, Yao, Shuyang, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Hanscombe, Ken B, Adan, Roger A H, Alfredsson, Lars, Ando, Tetsuya, Andreassen, Ole A, Berrettini, Wade H, Boehm, Ilka, Boni, Claudette, Boraska Perica, Vesna, Buehren, Katharina, Burghardt, Roland, Cassina, Matteo, Cichon, Sven, Clementi, Maurizio, Cone, Roger D, Courtet, Philippe, Crow, Scott, Crowley, James J, Danner, Unna N, Davis, Oliver S P, de Zwaan, Martina, Dedoussis, George, Degortes, Daniela, DeSocio, Janiece E, Dick, Danielle M, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dina, Christian, Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Monika, Docampo, Elisa, Duncan, Laramie E, Egberts, Karin, Ehrlich, Stefan, Escaramís, Geòrgia, Esko, Tõnu, Estivill, Xavier, Farmer, Anne, Favaro, Angela, Fernández-Aranda, Fernando, Fichter, Manfred M, Fischer, Krista, Föcker, Manuel, Foretova, Lenka, Forstner, Andreas J, Forzan, Monica, Franklin, Christopher S, Gallinger, Steven, Giegling, Ina, Giuranna, Johanna, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Gorwood, Philip, Gratacos Mayora, Monica, Guillaume, Sébastien, Guo, Yiran, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, Hauser, Joanna, Hebebrand, Johannes, Helder, Sietske G, Herms, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Herzog, Wolfgang, Huckins, Laura M, Hudson, James I, Imgart, Hartmut, Inoko, Hidetoshi, Janout, Vladimir, Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, Julià, Antonio, Kalsi, Gursharan, Kaminská, Deborah, Karhunen, Leila, Karwautz, Andreas, Kas, Martien J H, Kennedy, James L, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Kiezebrink, Kirsty, Kim, Youl-Ri, Klump, Kelly L, Knudsen, Gun Peggy S, La Via, Maria C, Le Hellard, Stephanie, Levitan, Robert D, Li, Dong, Lilenfeld, Lisa, Lin, Bochao Danae, Lissowska, Jolanta, Luykx, Jurjen, Magistretti, Pierre J, Maj, Mario, Mannik, Katrin, Marsal, Sara, Marshall, Christian R, Mattingsdal, Morten, McDevitt, Sara, McGuffin, Peter, Metspalu, Andres, Meulenbelt, Ingrid, Micali, Nadia, Mitchell, Karen, Monteleone, Alessio Maria, Monteleone, Palmiero, Nacmias, Benedetta, Navratilova, Marie, Ntalla, Ioanna, O'Toole, Julie K, Ophoff, Roel A, Padyukov, Leonid, Palotie, Aarno, Pantel, Jacques, Papezova, Hana, Pinto, Dalila, Rabionet, Raquel, Raevuori, Anu, Ramoz, Nicolas, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Ricca, Valdo, Ripatti, Samuli, Ritschel, Franziska, Roberts, Marion, Rotondo, Alessandro, Rujescu, Dan, Rybakowski, Filip, Santonastaso, Paolo, Scherag, André, Scherer, Stephen W, Schmidt, Ulrike, Schork, Nicholas J, Schosser, Alexandra, Seitz, Jochen, Slachtova, Lenka, Slagboom, P Eline, Slof-Op't Landt, Margarita C T, Slopien, Agnieszka, Sorbi, Sandro, Świątkowska, Beata, Szatkiewicz, Jin P, Tachmazidou, Ioanna, Tenconi, Elena, Tortorella, Alfonso, Tozzi, Federica, Treasure, Janet, Tsitsika, Artemis, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Marta, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, van Elburg, Annemarie A, van Furth, Eric F, Wagner, Gudrun, Walton, Esther, Widen, Elisabeth, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zerwas, Stephanie, Zipfel, Stephan, Bergen, Andrew W, Boden, Joseph M, Brandt, Harry, Crawford, Steven, Halmi, Katherine A, Horwood, L John, Johnson, Craig, Kaplan, Allan S, Kaye, Walter H, Mitchell, James, Olsen, Catherine M, Pearson, John F, Pedersen, Nancy L, Strober, Michael, Werge, Thomas, Whiteman, David C, Woodside, D Blake, Grove, Jakob, Henders, Anjali K, Larsen, Janne T, Parker, Richard, Petersen, Liselotte V, Jordan, Jennifer, Kennedy, Martin A, Birgegård, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Norring, Claes, Landén, Mikael, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Polimanti, Renato, McClintick, Jeanette N, Adkins, Amy E, Aliev, Fazil, Bacanu, Silviu-Alin, Batzler, Anthony, Bertelsen, Sarah, Biernacka, Joanna M, Bigdeli, Tim B, Chen, Li-Shiun, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Degenhardt, Franziska, Docherty, Anna R, Edwards, Alexis C, Foo, Jerome C, Fox, Louis, Frank, Josef, Hack, Laura M, Hartmann, Annette M, Hartz, Sarah M, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Hodgkinson, Colin, Hoffmann, Per, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Konte, Bettina, Lahti, Jari, Lahti-Pulkkinen, Marius, Lai, Dongbing, Ligthart, Lannie, Loukola, Anu, Maher, Brion S, Mbarek, Hamdi, McIntosh, Andrew M, McQueen, Matthew B, Meyers, Jacquelyn L, Milaneschi, Yuri, Palviainen, Teemu, Peterson, Roseann E, Ryu, Euijung, Saccone, Nancy L, Salvatore, Jessica E, Sanchez-Roige, Sandra, Schwandt, Melanie, Sherva, Richard, Streit, Fabian, Strohmaier, Jana, Thomas, Nathaniel, Wang, Jen-Chyong, Webb, Bradley T, Wedow, Robbee, Wetherill, Leah, Wills, Amanda G, Zhou, Hang, Boardman, Jason D, Chen, Danfeng, Choi, Doo-Sup, Copeland, William E, Culverhouse, Robert C, Dahmen, Norbert, Degenhardt, Louisa, Domingue, Benjamin W, Frye, Mark A, Gäbel, Wolfgang, Hayward, Caroline, Ising, Marcus, Keyes, Margaret, Kiefer, Falk, Koller, Gabriele, Kramer, John, Kuperman, Samuel, Lucae, Susanne, Lynskey, Michael T, Maier, Wolfgang, Mann, Karl, Männistö, Satu, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Murray, Alison D, Nurnberger, John I, Preuss, Ulrich, Räikkönen, Katri, Reynolds, Maureen D, Ridinger, Monika, Scherbaum, Norbert, Schuckit, Marc A, Soyka, Michael, Treutlein, Jens, Witt, Stephanie H, Wodarz, Norbert, Zill, Peter, Adkins, Daniel E, Boomsma, Dorret I, Bierut, Laura J, Brown, Sandra A, Bucholz, Kathleen K, Costello, E Jane, de Wit, Harriet, Diazgranados, Nancy, Eriksson, Johan G, Farrer, Lindsay A, Foroud, Tatiana M, Gillespie, Nathan A, Goate, Alison M, Goldman, David, Grucza, Richard A, Hancock, Dana B, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Hesselbrock, Victor, Hewitt, John K, Hopfer, Christian J, Iacono, William G, Johnson, Eric O, Karpyak, Victor M, Kendler, Kenneth S, Kranzler, Henry R, Krauter, Kenneth, Lind, Penelope A, McGue, Matt, MacKillop, James, Madden, Pamela A F, Maes, Hermine H, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Nelson, Elliot C, Nöthen, Markus M, Palmer, Abraham A, Penninx, Brenda W J H, Porjesz, Bernice, Rice, John P, Rietschel, Marcella, Riley, Brien P, Rose, Richard J, Shen, Pei-Hong, Silberg, Judy, Stallings, Michael C, Tarter, Ralph E, Vanyukov, Michael M, Vrieze, Scott, Wall, Tamara L, Whitfield, John B, Zhao, Hongyu, Neale, Benjamin M, Wade, Tracey D, Heath, Andrew C, Montgomery, Grant W, Martin, Nicholas G, Sullivan, Patrick F, Kaprio, Jaakko, Breen, Gerome, Gelernter, Joel, Edenberg, Howard J, Bulik, Cynthia M, and Agrawal, Arpana

Abstract

Eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [rg ], twin-based = 0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge eating, AN without binge eating, and a bulimia nervosa factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], smoking initiation, current smoking, cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence, cannabis initiation, and cannabis use disorder) from eight studies were included. Significant genetic correlations were adjusted for variants associated with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Total study sample sizes per phenotype ranged from ~2400 to ~537 000 individuals. We used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes. Significant positive genetic associations emerged between AUD and AN (rg = 0.18; false discovery rate q = 0.0006), cannabis initiation and AN (rg = 0.23; q < 0.0001), and cannabis initiation and AN with binge eating (rg = 0.27; q = 0.0016). Conversely, significant negative genetic correlations were observed between three nondiagnostic smoking phenotypes (smoking initiation, current smoking, and cigarettes per day) and AN without binge eating (rgs = -0.19 to -0.23; qs < 0.04). The genetic correlation between AUD and AN was no longer significant after co-varying for major depressive disorder loci. The patterns of association between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes highlights the potentially complex and substance-sp

Published
2021
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36. Correspondence Between Perceived Pubertal Development and Hormone Levels in 9-10 Year-Olds From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

Author

Herting, Megan M., primary, Uban, Kristina A., additional, Gonzalez, Marybel Robledo, additional, Baker, Fiona C., additional, Kan, Eric C., additional, Thompson, Wesley K., additional, Granger, Douglas A., additional, Albaugh, Matthew D., additional, Anokhin, Andrey P., additional, Bagot, Kara S., additional, Banich, Marie T., additional, Barch, Deanna M., additional, Baskin-Sommers, Arielle, additional, Breslin, Florence J., additional, Casey, B. J., additional, Chaarani, Bader, additional, Chang, Linda, additional, Clark, Duncan B., additional, Cloak, Christine C., additional, Constable, R. Todd, additional, Cottler, Linda B., additional, Dagher, Rada K., additional, Dapretto, Mirella, additional, Dick, Anthony S., additional, Dosenbach, Nico, additional, Dowling, Gayathri J., additional, Dumas, Julie A., additional, Edwards, Sarah, additional, Ernst, Thomas, additional, Fair, Damien A., additional, Feldstein-Ewing, Sarah W., additional, Freedman, Edward G., additional, Fuemmeler, Bernard F., additional, Garavan, Hugh, additional, Gee, Dylan G., additional, Giedd, Jay N., additional, Glaser, Paul E. A., additional, Goldstone, Aimee, additional, Gray, Kevin M., additional, Hawes, Samuel W., additional, Heath, Andrew C., additional, Heitzeg, Mary M., additional, Hewitt, John K., additional, Heyser, Charles J., additional, Hoffman, Elizabeth A., additional, Huber, Rebekah S., additional, Huestis, Marilyn A., additional, Hyde, Luke W., additional, Infante, M. Alejandra, additional, Ivanova, Masha Y., additional, Jacobus, Joanna, additional, Jernigan, Terry L., additional, Karcher, Nicole R., additional, Laird, Angela R., additional, LeBlanc, Kimberly H., additional, Lisdahl, Krista, additional, Luciana, Monica, additional, Luna, Beatriz, additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Marshall, Andrew T., additional, Mason, Michael J., additional, McGlade, Erin C., additional, Morris, Amanda S., additional, Nagel, Bonnie J., additional, Neigh, Gretchen N., additional, Palmer, Clare E., additional, Paulus, Martin P., additional, Potter, Alexandra S., additional, Puttler, Leon I., additional, Rajapakse, Nishadi, additional, Rapuano, Kristina, additional, Reeves, Gloria, additional, Renshaw, Perry F., additional, Schirda, Claudiu, additional, Sher, Kenneth J., additional, Sheth, Chandni, additional, Shilling, Paul D., additional, Squeglia, Lindsay M., additional, Sutherland, Matthew T., additional, Tapert, Susan F., additional, Tomko, Rachel L., additional, Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah, additional, Wade, Natasha E., additional, Weiss, Susan R. B., additional, Zucker, Robert A., additional, and Sowell, Elizabeth R., additional

Published
2021
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39. Genetic and environmental influences on human height from infancy through adulthood at different levels of parental education

Author

Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Latvala, Antti, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, José Antonio, Knafo Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Latvala, Antti, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, José Antonio, Knafo Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Genetic factors explain a major proportion of human height variation, but differences in mean stature have also been found between socio-economic categories suggesting a possible effect of environment. By utilizing a classical twin design which allows decomposing the variation of height into genetic and environmental components, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variation in height is greater in offspring of lower educated parents. Twin data from 29 cohorts including 65,978 complete twin pairs with information on height at ages 1 to 69 years and on parental education were pooled allowing the analyses at different ages and in three geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia). Parental education mostly showed a positive association with offspring height, with significant associations in mid-childhood and from adolescence onwards. In variance decomposition modeling, the genetic and environmental variance components of height did not show a consistent relation to parental education. A random-effects meta-regression analysis of the aggregate-level data showed a trend towards greater shared environmental variation of height in low parental education families. In conclusion, in our very large dataset from twin cohorts around the globe, these results provide only weak evidence for the study hypothesis.

Published
2020

40. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment: an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Fisiologia, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucía, Calais Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Pablo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Fisiología, Fisiologia, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucía, Calais Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Pablo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural-geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a(2)=0.43; 0.41-0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c(2)=0.31; 0.30-0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900-1949 (a(2)=0.44; 0.41-0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950-1989 (a(2)=0.38; 0.36-0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c(2)=0.31; 0.29-0.33 and c(2)=0.34; 0.32-0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s.

Published
2020

41. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment : an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Paulo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Paulo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural–geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a2 = 0.43; 0.41–0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c2 = 0.31; 0.30–0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900–1949 (a2 = 0.44; 0.41–0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950–1989 (a2 = 0.38; 0.36–0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c2 = 0.31; 0.29–0.33 and c2 = 0.34; 0.32–0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s., CC BY 4.0

Published
2020
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42. Shared genetic risk between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes:Evidence from genome-wide association studies

Author

Munn-Chernoff, Melissa A., Johnson, Emma C., Chou, Yi Ling, Coleman, Jonathan R.I., Thornton, Laura M., Walters, Raymond K., Yilmaz, Zeynep, Baker, Jessica H., Hübel, Christopher, Gordon, Scott, Medland, Sarah E., Watson, Hunna J., Gaspar, Héléna A., Bryois, Julien, Hinney, Anke, Leppä, Virpi M., Mattheisen, Manuel, Ripke, Stephan, Yao, Shuyang, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Hanscombe, Ken B., Adan, Roger A.H., Alfredsson, Lars, Ando, Tetsuya, Andreassen, Ole A., Berrettini, Wade H., Boehm, Ilka, Boni, Claudette, Boraska Perica, Vesna, Buehren, Katharina, Burghardt, Roland, Cassina, Matteo, Cichon, Sven, Clementi, Maurizio, Cone, Roger D., Courtet, Philippe, Crow, Scott, Crowley, James J., Danner, Unna N., Davis, Oliver S.P., de Zwaan, Martina, Dedoussis, George, Degortes, Daniela, DeSocio, Janiece E., Dick, Danielle M., Dikeos, Dimitris, Dina, Christian, Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Monika, Docampo, Elisa, Duncan, Laramie E., Egberts, Karin, Ehrlich, Stefan, Escaramís, Geòrgia, Esko, Tõnu, Estivill, Xavier, Farmer, Anne, Favaro, Angela, Fernández-Aranda, Fernando, Fichter, Manfred M., Fischer, Krista, Föcker, Manuel, Foretova, Lenka, Forstner, Andreas J., Forzan, Monica, Franklin, Christopher S., Gallinger, Steven, Giegling, Ina, Giuranna, Johanna, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Gorwood, Philip, Gratacos Mayora, Monica, Guillaume, Sébastien, Guo, Yiran, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, Hauser, Joanna, Hebebrand, Johannes, Helder, Sietske G., Herms, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Herzog, Wolfgang, Huckins, Laura M., Hudson, James I., Imgart, Hartmut, Inoko, Hidetoshi, Janout, Vladimir, Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, Julià, Antonio, Kalsi, Gursharan, Kaminská, Deborah, Karhunen, Leila, Karwautz, Andreas, Kas, Martien J.H., Kennedy, James L., Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Kiezebrink, Kirsty, Kim, Youl Ri, Klump, Kelly L., Knudsen, Gun Peggy S., La Via, Maria C., Le Hellard, Stephanie, Levitan, Robert D., Li, Dong, Lilenfeld, Lisa, Lin, Bochao Danae, Lissowska, Jolanta, Luykx, Jurjen, Magistretti, Pierre J., Maj, Mario, Mannik, Katrin, Marsal, Sara, Marshall, Christian R., Mattingsdal, Morten, McDevitt, Sara, McGuffin, Peter, Metspalu, Andres, Meulenbelt, Ingrid, Micali, Nadia, Mitchell, Karen, Monteleone, Alessio Maria, Monteleone, Palmiero, Nacmias, Benedetta, Navratilova, Marie, Ntalla, Ioanna, O'Toole, Julie K., Ophoff, Roel A., Padyukov, Leonid, Palotie, Aarno, Pantel, Jacques, Papezova, Hana, Pinto, Dalila, Rabionet, Raquel, Raevuori, Anu, Ramoz, Nicolas, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Ricca, Valdo, Ripatti, Samuli, Ritschel, Franziska, Roberts, Marion, Rotondo, Alessandro, Rujescu, Dan, Rybakowski, Filip, Santonastaso, Paolo, Scherag, André, Scherer, Stephen W., Schmidt, Ulrike, Schork, Nicholas J., Schosser, Alexandra, Seitz, Jochen, Slachtova, Lenka, Slagboom, P. Eline, Slof-Op't Landt, Margarita C.T., Slopien, Agnieszka, Sorbi, Sandro, Świątkowska, Beata, Szatkiewicz, Jin P., Tachmazidou, Ioanna, Tenconi, Elena, Tortorella, Alfonso, Tozzi, Federica, Treasure, Janet, Tsitsika, Artemis, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Marta, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, van Elburg, Annemarie A., van Furth, Eric F., Wagner, Gudrun, Walton, Esther, Widen, Elisabeth, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zerwas, Stephanie, Zipfel, Stephan, Bergen, Andrew W., Boden, Joseph M., Brandt, Harry, Crawford, Steven, Halmi, Katherine A., Horwood, L. John, Johnson, Craig, Kaplan, Allan S., Kaye, Walter H., Mitchell, James, Olsen, Catherine M., Pearson, John F., Pedersen, Nancy L., Strober, Michael, Werge, Thomas, Whiteman, David C., Woodside, D. Blake, Grove, Jakob, Henders, Anjali K., Larsen, Janne T., Parker, Richard, Petersen, Liselotte V., Jordan, Jennifer, Kennedy, Martin A., Birgegård, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Norring, Claes, Landén, Mikael, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Polimanti, Renato, McClintick, Jeanette N., Adkins, Amy E., Aliev, Fazil, Bacanu, Silviu Alin, Batzler, Anthony, Bertelsen, Sarah, Biernacka, Joanna M., Bigdeli, Tim B., Chen, Li Shiun, Clarke, Toni Kim, Degenhardt, Franziska, Docherty, Anna R., Edwards, Alexis C., Foo, Jerome C., Fox, Louis, Frank, Josef, Hack, Laura M., Hartmann, Annette M., Hartz, Sarah M., Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Hodgkinson, Colin, Hoffmann, Per, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Konte, Bettina, Lahti, Jari, Lahti-Pulkkinen, Marius, Lai, Dongbing, Ligthart, Lannie, Loukola, Anu, Maher, Brion S., Mbarek, Hamdi, McIntosh, Andrew M., McQueen, Matthew B., Meyers, Jacquelyn L., Milaneschi, Yuri, Palviainen, Teemu, Peterson, Roseann E., Ryu, Euijung, Saccone, Nancy L., Salvatore, Jessica E., Sanchez-Roige, Sandra, Schwandt, Melanie, Sherva, Richard, Streit, Fabian, Strohmaier, Jana, Thomas, Nathaniel, Wang, Jen Chyong, Webb, Bradley T., Wedow, Robbee, Wetherill, Leah, Wills, Amanda G., Zhou, Hang, Boardman, Jason D., Chen, Danfeng, Choi, Doo Sup, Copeland, William E., Culverhouse, Robert C., Dahmen, Norbert, Degenhardt, Louisa, Domingue, Benjamin W., Frye, Mark A., Gäbel, Wolfgang, Hayward, Caroline, Ising, Marcus, Keyes, Margaret, Kiefer, Falk, Koller, Gabriele, Kramer, John, Kuperman, Samuel, Lucae, Susanne, Lynskey, Michael T., Maier, Wolfgang, Mann, Karl, Männistö, Satu, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Murray, Alison D., Nurnberger, John I., Preuss, Ulrich, Räikkönen, Katri, Reynolds, Maureen D., Ridinger, Monika, Scherbaum, Norbert, Schuckit, Marc A., Soyka, Michael, Treutlein, Jens, Witt, Stephanie H., Wodarz, Norbert, Zill, Peter, Adkins, Daniel E., Boomsma, Dorret I., Bierut, Laura J., Brown, Sandra A., Bucholz, Kathleen K., Costello, E. Jane, de Wit, Harriet, Diazgranados, Nancy, Eriksson, Johan G., Farrer, Lindsay A., Foroud, Tatiana M., Gillespie, Nathan A., Goate, Alison M., Goldman, David, Grucza, Richard A., Hancock, Dana B., Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Hesselbrock, Victor, Hewitt, John K., Hopfer, Christian J., Iacono, William G., Johnson, Eric O., Karpyak, Victor M., Kendler, Kenneth S., Kranzler, Henry R., Krauter, Kenneth, Lind, Penelope A., McGue, Matt, MacKillop, James, Madden, Pamela A.F., Maes, Hermine H., Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Nelson, Elliot C., Nöthen, Markus M., Palmer, Abraham A., Penninx, Brenda W.J.H., Porjesz, Bernice, Rice, John P., Rietschel, Marcella, Riley, Brien P., Rose, Richard J., Shen, Pei Hong, Silberg, Judy, Stallings, Michael C., Tarter, Ralph E., Vanyukov, Michael M., Vrieze, Scott, Wall, Tamara L., Whitfield, John B., Zhao, Hongyu, Neale, Benjamin M., Wade, Tracey D., Heath, Andrew C., Montgomery, Grant W., Martin, Nicholas G., Sullivan, Patrick F., Kaprio, Jaakko, Breen, Gerome, Gelernter, Joel, Edenberg, Howard J., Bulik, Cynthia M., Agrawal, Arpana, Munn-Chernoff, Melissa A., Johnson, Emma C., Chou, Yi Ling, Coleman, Jonathan R.I., Thornton, Laura M., Walters, Raymond K., Yilmaz, Zeynep, Baker, Jessica H., Hübel, Christopher, Gordon, Scott, Medland, Sarah E., Watson, Hunna J., Gaspar, Héléna A., Bryois, Julien, Hinney, Anke, Leppä, Virpi M., Mattheisen, Manuel, Ripke, Stephan, Yao, Shuyang, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Hanscombe, Ken B., Adan, Roger A.H., Alfredsson, Lars, Ando, Tetsuya, Andreassen, Ole A., Berrettini, Wade H., Boehm, Ilka, Boni, Claudette, Boraska Perica, Vesna, Buehren, Katharina, Burghardt, Roland, Cassina, Matteo, Cichon, Sven, Clementi, Maurizio, Cone, Roger D., Courtet, Philippe, Crow, Scott, Crowley, James J., Danner, Unna N., Davis, Oliver S.P., de Zwaan, Martina, Dedoussis, George, Degortes, Daniela, DeSocio, Janiece E., Dick, Danielle M., Dikeos, Dimitris, Dina, Christian, Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Monika, Docampo, Elisa, Duncan, Laramie E., Egberts, Karin, Ehrlich, Stefan, Escaramís, Geòrgia, Esko, Tõnu, Estivill, Xavier, Farmer, Anne, Favaro, Angela, Fernández-Aranda, Fernando, Fichter, Manfred M., Fischer, Krista, Föcker, Manuel, Foretova, Lenka, Forstner, Andreas J., Forzan, Monica, Franklin, Christopher S., Gallinger, Steven, Giegling, Ina, Giuranna, Johanna, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Gorwood, Philip, Gratacos Mayora, Monica, Guillaume, Sébastien, Guo, Yiran, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, Hauser, Joanna, Hebebrand, Johannes, Helder, Sietske G., Herms, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Herzog, Wolfgang, Huckins, Laura M., Hudson, James I., Imgart, Hartmut, Inoko, Hidetoshi, Janout, Vladimir, Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, Julià, Antonio, Kalsi, Gursharan, Kaminská, Deborah, Karhunen, Leila, Karwautz, Andreas, Kas, Martien J.H., Kennedy, James L., Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Kiezebrink, Kirsty, Kim, Youl Ri, Klump, Kelly L., Knudsen, Gun Peggy S., La Via, Maria C., Le Hellard, Stephanie, Levitan, Robert D., Li, Dong, Lilenfeld, Lisa, Lin, Bochao Danae, Lissowska, Jolanta, Luykx, Jurjen, Magistretti, Pierre J., Maj, Mario, Mannik, Katrin, Marsal, Sara, Marshall, Christian R., Mattingsdal, Morten, McDevitt, Sara, McGuffin, Peter, Metspalu, Andres, Meulenbelt, Ingrid, Micali, Nadia, Mitchell, Karen, Monteleone, Alessio Maria, Monteleone, Palmiero, Nacmias, Benedetta, Navratilova, Marie, Ntalla, Ioanna, O'Toole, Julie K., Ophoff, Roel A., Padyukov, Leonid, Palotie, Aarno, Pantel, Jacques, Papezova, Hana, Pinto, Dalila, Rabionet, Raquel, Raevuori, Anu, Ramoz, Nicolas, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Ricca, Valdo, Ripatti, Samuli, Ritschel, Franziska, Roberts, Marion, Rotondo, Alessandro, Rujescu, Dan, Rybakowski, Filip, Santonastaso, Paolo, Scherag, André, Scherer, Stephen W., Schmidt, Ulrike, Schork, Nicholas J., Schosser, Alexandra, Seitz, Jochen, Slachtova, Lenka, Slagboom, P. Eline, Slof-Op't Landt, Margarita C.T., Slopien, Agnieszka, Sorbi, Sandro, Świątkowska, Beata, Szatkiewicz, Jin P., Tachmazidou, Ioanna, Tenconi, Elena, Tortorella, Alfonso, Tozzi, Federica, Treasure, Janet, Tsitsika, Artemis, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Marta, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, van Elburg, Annemarie A., van Furth, Eric F., Wagner, Gudrun, Walton, Esther, Widen, Elisabeth, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zerwas, Stephanie, Zipfel, Stephan, Bergen, Andrew W., Boden, Joseph M., Brandt, Harry, Crawford, Steven, Halmi, Katherine A., Horwood, L. John, Johnson, Craig, Kaplan, Allan S., Kaye, Walter H., Mitchell, James, Olsen, Catherine M., Pearson, John F., Pedersen, Nancy L., Strober, Michael, Werge, Thomas, Whiteman, David C., Woodside, D. Blake, Grove, Jakob, Henders, Anjali K., Larsen, Janne T., Parker, Richard, Petersen, Liselotte V., Jordan, Jennifer, Kennedy, Martin A., Birgegård, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Norring, Claes, Landén, Mikael, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Polimanti, Renato, McClintick, Jeanette N., Adkins, Amy E., Aliev, Fazil, Bacanu, Silviu Alin, Batzler, Anthony, Bertelsen, Sarah, Biernacka, Joanna M., Bigdeli, Tim B., Chen, Li Shiun, Clarke, Toni Kim, Degenhardt, Franziska, Docherty, Anna R., Edwards, Alexis C., Foo, Jerome C., Fox, Louis, Frank, Josef, Hack, Laura M., Hartmann, Annette M., Hartz, Sarah M., Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Hodgkinson, Colin, Hoffmann, Per, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Konte, Bettina, Lahti, Jari, Lahti-Pulkkinen, Marius, Lai, Dongbing, Ligthart, Lannie, Loukola, Anu, Maher, Brion S., Mbarek, Hamdi, McIntosh, Andrew M., McQueen, Matthew B., Meyers, Jacquelyn L., Milaneschi, Yuri, Palviainen, Teemu, Peterson, Roseann E., Ryu, Euijung, Saccone, Nancy L., Salvatore, Jessica E., Sanchez-Roige, Sandra, Schwandt, Melanie, Sherva, Richard, Streit, Fabian, Strohmaier, Jana, Thomas, Nathaniel, Wang, Jen Chyong, Webb, Bradley T., Wedow, Robbee, Wetherill, Leah, Wills, Amanda G., Zhou, Hang, Boardman, Jason D., Chen, Danfeng, Choi, Doo Sup, Copeland, William E., Culverhouse, Robert C., Dahmen, Norbert, Degenhardt, Louisa, Domingue, Benjamin W., Frye, Mark A., Gäbel, Wolfgang, Hayward, Caroline, Ising, Marcus, Keyes, Margaret, Kiefer, Falk, Koller, Gabriele, Kramer, John, Kuperman, Samuel, Lucae, Susanne, Lynskey, Michael T., Maier, Wolfgang, Mann, Karl, Männistö, Satu, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Murray, Alison D., Nurnberger, John I., Preuss, Ulrich, Räikkönen, Katri, Reynolds, Maureen D., Ridinger, Monika, Scherbaum, Norbert, Schuckit, Marc A., Soyka, Michael, Treutlein, Jens, Witt, Stephanie H., Wodarz, Norbert, Zill, Peter, Adkins, Daniel E., Boomsma, Dorret I., Bierut, Laura J., Brown, Sandra A., Bucholz, Kathleen K., Costello, E. Jane, de Wit, Harriet, Diazgranados, Nancy, Eriksson, Johan G., Farrer, Lindsay A., Foroud, Tatiana M., Gillespie, Nathan A., Goate, Alison M., Goldman, David, Grucza, Richard A., Hancock, Dana B., Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Hesselbrock, Victor, Hewitt, John K., Hopfer, Christian J., Iacono, William G., Johnson, Eric O., Karpyak, Victor M., Kendler, Kenneth S., Kranzler, Henry R., Krauter, Kenneth, Lind, Penelope A., McGue, Matt, MacKillop, James, Madden, Pamela A.F., Maes, Hermine H., Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Nelson, Elliot C., Nöthen, Markus M., Palmer, Abraham A., Penninx, Brenda W.J.H., Porjesz, Bernice, Rice, John P., Rietschel, Marcella, Riley, Brien P., Rose, Richard J., Shen, Pei Hong, Silberg, Judy, Stallings, Michael C., Tarter, Ralph E., Vanyukov, Michael M., Vrieze, Scott, Wall, Tamara L., Whitfield, John B., Zhao, Hongyu, Neale, Benjamin M., Wade, Tracey D., Heath, Andrew C., Montgomery, Grant W., Martin, Nicholas G., Sullivan, Patrick F., Kaprio, Jaakko, Breen, Gerome, Gelernter, Joel, Edenberg, Howard J., Bulik, Cynthia M., and Agrawal, Arpana

Abstract

Eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [rg], twin-based = 0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge eating, AN without binge eating, and a bulimia nervosa factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], smoking initiation, current smoking, cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence, cannabis initiation, and cannabis use disorder) from eight studies were included. Significant genetic correlations were adjusted for variants associated with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Total study sample sizes per phenotype ranged from ~2400 to ~537 000 individuals. We used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes. Significant positive genetic associations emerged between AUD and AN (rg = 0.18; false discovery rate q = 0.0006), cannabis initiation and AN (rg = 0.23; q < 0.0001), and cannabis initiation and AN with binge eating (rg = 0.27; q = 0.0016). Conversely, significant negative genetic correlations were observed between three nondiagnostic smoking phenotypes (smoking initiation, current smoking, and cigarettes per day) and AN without binge eating (rgs = −0.19 to −0.23; qs < 0.04). The genetic correlation between AUD and AN was no longer significant after co-varying for major depressive disorder loci. The patterns of association between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotyp

Published
2020

43. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment:an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Paulo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Paulo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural–geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a2 = 0.43; 0.41–0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c2 = 0.31; 0.30–0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900–1949 (a2 = 0.44; 0.41–0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950–1989 (a2 = 0.38; 0.36–0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c2 = 0.31; 0.29–0.33 and c2 = 0.34; 0.32–0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s.

Published
2020

50. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment: an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Latvala, Antti, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Tomizawa, Rie, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Sakai, Norio, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Tyler, Jessica, additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, additional, Oliveira, Vinicius C., additional, Ferreira, Paulo H., additional, Medda, Emanuela, additional, Nisticò, Lorenza, additional, Toccaceli, Virgilia, additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H., additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Dahl Aslan, Anna K., additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas S., additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Park, Hang A., additional, Lee, Jooyeon, additional, Lee, Soo Ji, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2020
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