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5. Life cycle assessment of emerging technologies: Evaluation techniques at different stages of market and technical maturity

Author

Bergerson, Joule A, Brandt, Adam, Cresko, Joe, Carbajales‐Dale, Michael, MacLean, Heather L, Matthews, H Scott, McCoy, Sean, McManus, Marcelle, Miller, Shelie A, Morrow, William R, Posen, I Daniel, Seager, Thomas, Skone, Timothy, and Sleep, Sylvia

Subjects
Built Environment and Design, Building, early stage technology assessment, environmental impacts, industrial ecology, life cycle assessment, research and development, unintended consequences, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Abstract: Life cycle assessment (LCA) analysts are increasingly being asked to conduct life cycle‐based systems level analysis at the earliest stages of technology development. While early assessments provide the greatest opportunity to influence design and ultimately environmental performance, it is the stage with the least available data, greatest uncertainty, and a paucity of analytic tools for addressing these challenges. While the fundamental approach to conducting an LCA of emerging technologies is akin to that of LCA of existing technologies, emerging technologies pose additional challenges. In this paper, we present a broad set of market and technology characteristics that typically influence an LCA of emerging technologies and identify questions that researchers must address to account for the most important aspects of the systems they are studying. The paper presents: (a) guidance to identify the specific technology characteristics and dynamic market context that are most relevant and unique to a particular study, (b) an overview of the challenges faced by early stage assessments that are unique because of these conditions, (c) questions that researchers should ask themselves for such a study to be conducted, and (d) illustrative examples from the transportation sector to demonstrate the factors to consider when conducting LCAs of emerging technologies. The paper is intended to be used as an organizing platform to synthesize existing methods, procedures and insights and guide researchers, analysts and technology developer to better recognize key study design elements and to manage expectations of study outcomes.

Published
2020

12. Transforming Energy

Author

MCKELLAR, JENNIFER M., MACLEAN, HEATHER L., and BERGERSON, JOULE A.

Published
2015

23. Transforming energy: powering tomorrow begins with making changes today

Author

McKellar, Jennifer M., Maclean, Heather L., and Bergerson, Joule A.

Subjects
Sustainable development -- Environmental aspects -- Economic aspects, Energy minerals -- Environmental aspects, Fossil fuels -- Environmental aspects, Power resources -- Supply and demand -- Environmental aspects -- Economic aspects, Environmental issues, Social sciences
Abstract

IMAGINE a morning when the lights and coffee machine don't work, your home has no heat and your car doesn't start. We generally don't give much thought to where our [...]

Published
2015

28. Carbon footprinting of carbon capture and -utilization technologies: discussion of the analysis of Carbon XPRIZE competition team finalists

Author

Sleep, Sylvia, primary, Munjal, Raghav, additional, Leitch, Michael, additional, Extavour, Marcius, additional, Gaona, Adriana, additional, Ahmad, Shah, additional, Nishikawa, Emily, additional, Pitre, Vaidehi, additional, Psarras, Peter, additional, Ramirez, Andrea, additional, MacLean, Heather L, additional, and Bergerson, Joule A, additional

Published
2021
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30. Carbon footprinting of carbon capture and-utilization technologies: Discussion of the analysis of Carbon XPRIZE competition team finalists

Author

Sleep, Sylvia (author), Munjal, Raghav (author), Leitch, Michael (author), Extavour, Marcius (author), Gaona, Adriana (author), Ahmad, Shah (author), Nishikawa, Emily (author), Pitre, Vaidehi (author), Psarras, Peter (author), Ramirez, Andrea (author), MacLean, Heather L. (author), Bergerson, Joule A. (author), Sleep, Sylvia (author), Munjal, Raghav (author), Leitch, Michael (author), Extavour, Marcius (author), Gaona, Adriana (author), Ahmad, Shah (author), Nishikawa, Emily (author), Pitre, Vaidehi (author), Psarras, Peter (author), Ramirez, Andrea (author), MacLean, Heather L. (author), and Bergerson, Joule A. (author)

Abstract

Life cycle assessments (LCAs) of early-stage technologies can provide valuable insights about key drivers of emissions and aid in prioritizing research into further emissions-reduction opportunities. Despite this potential value, further development of LCA methods is required to handle the increased uncertainty, data gaps, and confidentially of early-stage data. This study presents a discussion of the life cycle carbon footprinting of technologies competing in the final round of the NRG COSIA Carbon XPRIZE competition-a US$20 million competition for teams to demonstrate the conversion of CO2 into valuable products at the scale of a small industrial pilot using consistent deployment conditions, boundaries, and methodological assumptions. This competition allowed the exploration of how LCA can be used and further improved when assessing disparate and early-stage technologies. Carbon intensity estimates are presented for two conversion pathways: (i) CO2 mineralization and (ii) catalytic conversion (including thermochemical, electrochemical, photocatalytic and hybrid process) of CO2, aggregated across teams to highlight the range of emissions intensities demonstrated at the pilot for individual life cycle stages. A future scenario is also presented, demonstrating the incremental technology and deployment conditions that would enable a team to become carbon-avoiding relative to an incumbent process (i.e. reducing emissions relative to a reference pathway producing a comparable product). By considering the assessment process across a diverse set of teams, conversion pathways and products, the study presents generalized insights about opportunities and challenges facing carbon capture and-utilization technologies in their next phases of deployment from a life cycle perspective., Energy & Industry

Published
2021
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33. Pore Structure Characterization of Indiana Limestone and Pink Dolomite from Pore Network Reconstructions

Author

Freire-Gormaly Marina, Ellis Jonathan S., MacLean Heather L., and Bazylak Aimy

Subjects
Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, HD9502-9502.5
Abstract

Carbon sequestration in deep underground saline aquifers holds significant promise for reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions (CO2). However, challenges remain in predicting the long term migration of injected CO2. Addressing these challenges requires an understanding of pore-scale transport of CO2 within existing brine-filled geological reservoirs. Studies on the transport of fluids through geological porous media have predominantly focused on oil-bearing formations such as sandstone. However, few studies have considered pore-scale transport within limestone and other carbonate formations, which are found in potential storage sites. In this work, high-resolution micro-Computed Tomography (microCT) was used to obtain pore-scale structural information of two model carbonates: Indiana Limestone and Pink Dolomite. A modified watershed algorithm was applied to extract pore network from the reconstructed microCT volumetric images of rock samples and compile a list of pore-scale characteristics from the extracted networks. These include statistical distributions of pore size and radius, pore-pore separation, throat radius, and network coordination. Finally, invasion percolation algorithms were applied to determine saturation-pressure curves for the rock samples. The statistical distributions were comparable to literature values for the Indiana Limestone. This served as validation for the network extraction approach for Pink Dolomite, which has not been considered previously. Based on the connectivity and the pore-pore separation, formations such as Pink Dolomite may present suitable storage sites for carbon storage. The pore structural distributions and saturation curves obtained in this study can be used to inform core- and reservoir-scale modeling and experimental studies of sequestration feasibility.

Published
2016
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35. Comparison of on-site and upstream greenhouse gas emissions from Canadian municipal wastewater treatment facilities

Author

Sahely, Halla R., MacLean, Heather L., Monteith, Hugh D., and Bagley, David M.

Subjects
Environmental engineering -- Research, Air pollution -- Research, Engineering and manufacturing industries
Abstract

Abstract: Canada's ratification of the Kyoto Protocol has focused attention on the importance of accurately estimating emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from all sectors. An inventory of emissions of greenhouse [...]

Published
2006

37. Leveraging Open-Source Tools for Collaborative Macro-energy System Modeling Efforts

Author

DeCarolis, Joseph F., primary, Jaramillo, Paulina, additional, Johnson, Jeremiah X., additional, McCollum, David L., additional, Trutnevyte, Evelina, additional, Daniels, David C., additional, Akın-Olçum, Gökçe, additional, Bergerson, Joule, additional, Cho, Soolyeon, additional, Choi, Joon-Ho, additional, Craig, Michael T., additional, de Queiroz, Anderson R., additional, Eshraghi, Hadi, additional, Galik, Christopher S., additional, Gutowski, Timothy G., additional, Haapala, Karl R., additional, Hodge, Bri-Mathias, additional, Hoque, Simi, additional, Jenkins, Jesse D., additional, Jenn, Alan, additional, Johansson, Daniel J.A., additional, Kaufman, Noah, additional, Kiviluoma, Juha, additional, Lin, Zhenhong, additional, MacLean, Heather L., additional, Masanet, Eric, additional, Masnadi, Mohammad S., additional, McMillan, Colin A., additional, Nock, Destenie S., additional, Patankar, Neha, additional, Patino-Echeverri, Dalia, additional, Schivley, Greg, additional, Siddiqui, Sauleh, additional, Smith, Amanda D., additional, Venkatesh, Aranya, additional, Wagner, Gernot, additional, Yeh, Sonia, additional, and Zhou, Yuyu, additional

Published
2021
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39. Leveraging Open-Source Tools for Collaborative Macro-energy System Modeling Efforts

Author

DeCarolis, Joseph F., primary, Jaramillo, Paulina, additional, Johnson, Jeremiah X., additional, McCollum, David L., additional, Trutnevyte, Evelina, additional, Daniels, David C., additional, Akın-Olçum, Gökçe, additional, Bergerson, Joule, additional, Cho, Soolyeon, additional, Choi, Joon-Ho, additional, Craig, Michael T., additional, de Queiroz, Anderson R., additional, Eshraghi, Hadi, additional, Galik, Christopher S., additional, Gutowski, Timothy G., additional, Haapala, Karl R., additional, Hodge, Bri-Mathias, additional, Hoque, Simi, additional, Jenkins, Jesse D., additional, Jenn, Alan, additional, Johansson, Daniel J.A., additional, Kaufman, Noah, additional, Kiviluoma, Juha, additional, Lin, Zhenhong, additional, MacLean, Heather L., additional, Masanet, Eric, additional, Masnadi, Mohammad S., additional, McMillan, Colin A., additional, Nock, Destenie S., additional, Patankar, Neha, additional, Patino-Echeverri, Dalia, additional, Schivley, Greg, additional, Siddiqui, Sauleh, additional, Smith, Amanda D., additional, Venkatesh, Aranya, additional, Wagner, Gernot, additional, Yeh, Sonia, additional, and Zhou, Yuyu, additional

Published
2020
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41. Taxonomy of uncertainty in environmental life cycle assessment of infrastructure projects

Author

Saxe, Shoshanna, primary, Guven, Gursans, additional, Pereira, Lucas, additional, Arrigoni, Alessandro, additional, Opher, Tamar, additional, Roy, Adrien, additional, Arceo, Aldrick, additional, Von Raesfeld, Sofia Sampedro, additional, Duhamel, Mel, additional, McCabe, Brenda, additional, Panesar, Daman K, additional, MacLean, Heather L, additional, and Posen, I Daniel, additional

Published
2020
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46. Stocks, Flows, and Prospects of Mineral Resources

Author

MacLean, Heather L., author, Duchin, Faye, author, Hagelüken, Christian, author, Halada, Kohmei, author, Kesler, Stephen E., author, Moriguchi, Yuichi, author, Mueller, Daniel, author, Norgate, Terry E., author, Reuter, Markus A., author, and van der Voet, Ester, author

Published
2009
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47. Amiga: the computer that wouldn't die

Author

Lave, Lester B. and MacLean, Heather L.

Subjects
Company technology development, Company business planning, Amiga Inc. -- Product development, Computer industry -- Product development
Published
2001

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