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With the growth of technology, researchers are paying greater attention to automated floor cleaning devices in order to make mankind's existence more comfortable. The concept is gaining traction in developed countries, although it is still unpopular because to design complexity, machine costs, and power tariff running costs. A manual floor cleaning machine is proposed in this project. Early in the day, a floor is cleaned with a broom that is controlled by a human hand. This requires a continual movement of the human hand, which is exhausting and time demanding. The goal of this project is to provide a modernised procedure for wet and dry floor cleaning. This equipment is capable of cleaning floors in both dry and wet conditions. It also has a dust storage box. It was decided to create a prototype model that uses a DC drive powered rotary brush with pneumatic controlled dust shifting to assist users in removing waste and maintaining a clean and hygienic environment, thereby avoiding health inequalities and safety concerns

Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr., known traditionally as a multivitamin plant being cultivated in kitchen garden throughout south Indian region. Different organic solvents such as Ethyl acetate, hexane, and methanol were used to extract the bioactive compounds from the fresh air dried plant leaves. Among which ethyl acetate extracted most of the bioactive compounds efficiently. The compounds like tannins, flavonoids, proteins, terpenoids, coumarins and steroids were extracted at varied concentration remain parallel with their bioactive principles. Test organisms used were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis showed their sensitiveness with the ethyl acetate extract in vitro. The percentage scavenging activity was also observed to be more with ethyl acetate extract, which was found to increase with concentration.

A Cross Layered framework is an important concept in today’s world given the abundant usage of both single-path and multi path wireless network architectures. One of the important design issues in the development of a robust framework such as this is the design of an Optimization Agent or an OA. In recent days of wireless and wired ad-hoc networks, cross-layer design was brought about a few years back to explore attached optimization at different layers. In order to describe solutions in cross-layered design, the Open System Intercommunications model was employed. However, it is clear that no voice and reference mechanism exists to aid optimization, which could effectively halt effective adaptability and deployment of cross-layered solutions. In this study, we suggest some hypotheses regarding how to model and create cross-layer solutions using the OSI layered method. We use the aforementioned method to analyse and simulate a particular type of cross-layered solution, namely energy-aware routing protocols. We use a layered approach to examine two proposals that are accessible in the literature. The applied strategy leads to the creation of an energy- aware, one-of-a-kind solution that outperforms prior versions and provides interesting and clear insights into the function that each layer plays in the overall optimization process. The network throughput, utilization, and reliability have all increased practically rapidly in the last few years. With the emergence of broadband wireless and wired cellular networks, as well as mobile adhoc networks (MANETs) and improved computational capacity, a new generation of apps, especially real-time multimedia applications, has emerged. Delivering real-time multimedia traffic across a sophisticated network like the Internet could be a particularly difficult undertaking, as these applications have stringent bandwidth and other quality-of-service (QoS) requirements.

The K2Ti6O13 nanorods (KTNRs) were synthesized by Molten Salt Solution method (MSS) using TiO2 nanoparticles and potassium chloride as precursors. As synthesized KTNRs was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction to know the crystallinity, scanning electron microscopy confirms the rod type morphology with diameter 10 to 12 nm with length up to 80 nm, functional groups were studied with FT-IR spectroscopy, optical property of KTNRs showed the bandgap energy Eg= 3.41 eV by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The synthesized KTNRs was used as photocatalyst for degradation of the methyl orange dye under UV light illumination. The degradation of methyl orange dye followed the pseudo first order rate law. The kinetics and mechanism of MO dye degradation dye was studied for different photocatalyst dosage 5, 10 and 15 mg of KTNRs, maximum for rate constant is found for 10 mg of photocatalyst.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel interactive game-based visual performance technique (IGVP) and conventional oral health educational (OHE) talk on plaque control, gingival health, and oral hygiene knowledge and practices in 12–15-year-old schoolchildren. A single-blinded randomized controlled trial was undertaken in a private primary school in Belagavi, Karnataka, India. A total of 100 children aged 12–15 years were randomly assigned to either a conventional OHE talk (control group, n = 50) or the IGVP technique (test group, n = 50), using a computer-generated table of random numbers. A self-designed, pre-validated closed-ended questionnaire was collected from both groups, followed by clinical examination carried out using gingival and plaque index, pre- and post-intervention, at three months follow-up. There was a significant reduction in the mean gingival score and plaque score in the test group after intervention, indicating a 58.7% and 63.4% reduction, when compared to the control group, which had a 2.8% and 0.7% reduction, respectively (p < 0.001). The test group showed a significant increase in the percentage of knowledge gained (22.4%), compared to control group (7.8%). The IGVP technique proved to be more effective than a conventional OHE talk in the reduction of the plaque score, gingival score, and in the improvement of the knowledge of oral hygiene maintenance and its application.

In this paper, we present a prototype for heart rate monitoring. Heart rate monitoring technology can be achieved using the LabVIEW platform. This proposed system deploys integrated devices to monitor individuals in periodic periods via wireless technology. As Biological factors are the only factors that can determine whether an individual is in normal health conditions. The first stage of the proposed system includes monitoring the heart rate, where the heart condition is the most vital sign, to determine the health status of individuals suffering from stress, and thus, converting abnormal states to fully verify the heart signal as the second stage signal.

The World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019, was informed of several cases of respiratory diseases of unknown origin in the city of Wuhan in the Chinese Province of Hubei, the clinical manifestations of which were similar to those of viral pneumonia and manifested as fever, cough, and shortness of breath. And, the disease caused by the virus is named the new coronavirus disease 2019 and it will be abbreviated as 2019-nCoV and COVID-19. As of January 30, 2020, the WHO classified this epidemic as a global health emergency (Chung et al. in Radiology 295(1):202-207, 2020). It is an international real-life problem. Due to deaths, globally everyone is under fear. Now, it is the responsibility of researchers to give hope to the people. In this article, we aim to better protect people and general pandemic preparedness by predicting the lifetime of the disease-causing virus using three mathematical models. This article deals with a complex real-life problem people face all over the world, an international real-life problem. The main focus is on the USA due to large infection and death due to coronavirus and thereby the life of every individual is uncertain. The death counts of the USA from February 29 to April 22, 2020, are used in this article as a data set. The death counts of the USA are fitted by the solutions of three mathematical models and a solution to an international problem is achieved. Based on the death rate, the lifetime of the coronavirus COVID-19 is predicted as 1464.76 days from February 29, 2020. That is, after March 2024 there will be no death in the USA due to COVID-19 if everyone follows the guidelines of WHO and the advice of healthcare workers. People and government can get prepared for this situation and many lives can be saved. It is the contribution of soft computing. Finally, this article suggests several steps to control the spread and severity of the disease. The research work, the lifetime prediction presented in this article is entirely new and differs from all other articles in the literature.

The increased demand in the market for mobility and flexibility in our everyday life has lead to the advancement from Wired LANS to Wireless LANS. The Wireless local area networks (WLANs) has received a huge boost in recent times due to advancements in portable devices such as PDAs, cellular phones, laptops, tablets. Applications range from voice over IP (VoIP), audio-conferences, video-conferences, audio on demand, and video on demand (VoD) to data applications such as text chat, web downloading, shared white-boards, etc. In todays time WLANS are available in office, home, airport and restaurants even while travelling in buses or trains. (As cited in introduction.) *Publication date not found.

The dominant portion of power dissipation in CMOS adder circuits, due to logic transitions, varies as the square of the supply, significant savings in power dissipation may be exacted by operating with reduced supply voltage. If the supply voltage is reduced while threshold voltage stays same, the noise margins will reduce. Addition is a crucial process because it usually involve carry ripple steps which must propagate a carry signal from each bit to it’s higher bit position. This results in a substantial circuit delay. The adder which lies in the crucial delay path will effectively determine the system overall speed. To improve noise margins, the threshold voltages must also be made smaller. However subthreshold leakage current increases exponentially when threshold voltage is reduced. The higher static dissipation may then offset the reduction in transitions portion of the dissipation. Hence the devices needed to have threshold voltages that maximizes the net reduction in the dissipation. Addition is an obligatory operation that is crucial to processing the fundamental arithmetic operations. Due to the potential versatility of adders in this contemporary research field, the existing adders and adder designs currently intended for future low voltage and low power environments. This can be achieved by the CMOS adders namely Parallel Adder, Ripple Carry Adder(RCA), Carry Look Ahead Adder(CLA), Carry Select Adder(CSL), Carry Save Adder(CSA), Carry Skip Adder(CSK), Conditional Sum Adder(COS).

The clinical presentation of spinal or extraspinal neurofibroma is radiculopathy or myelopathy, pain, and motor weakness. Extraspinal neurofibroma presenting with acute-onset monoparesis and Horner's syndrome is very rare. We report the case of a 55-year-old female who presented with acute-onset monoparesis of the left upper limb along with left-side drooping of the eyelid. Imaging revealed C6-D2 extraspinal solitary mass lesion lateral to spinous process with bleed without intraspinal component. The patient underwent an anterior cervical approach and excision of the tumor. Final biopsy report was a neurofibroma. At 3-year follow-up, she recovered from motor weakness, and Horner's syndrome subsided. Extraspinal neurofibroma can present with acute bleed, and surgical outcome is superior in early intervention.

Spinal clear cell meningiomas (CCMs) are rare and dural-based lesion usually affecting the younger population. We report the rare case of giant nondural-based spinal CCM mimicking schwannoma and review the literature. A literature search was performed at PubMed and Embase until January 1, 2020. A total of 19 cases of nondural-based spinal CCM was reported. The following relevant data were extracted: authors, publication year, patient and tumor characteristics, treatment, and outcome. The mean age of the presentation was 20.58 years. Twelve (63.16%) were female and seven patients (36.84%) were male. The most common location was lumbosacral region 15 (79%). Fifteen (79%) tumors had cranio-caudal dimension ≤2 vertebral level, and only four (21%) tumors had dimension ≥2 vertebral level. Gross total resection (GTR) was performed in 18 (95%) patients and subtotal resection (STR) in 1 patient. Recurrences were reported in five (26.14%) patients. Four of them showed recurrences within 6 months; earliest at 2.3 months in the patient had undergone STR. Our patient is 19-year-old male diagnosed with a lumbosacral intradural lesion. Craniocaudal dimension is ≥2 vertebral level shows the foraminal extension and vertebral scalloping. GTR is performed. Intraoperatively, the tumor has foraminal extension and shows attachment with right S1S2 nerve root. No dural attachment is found. Six-month follow-up magnetic resonance image shows no evidence of disease. Nondural-based spinal CCMs are extremely rare and should be kept as a differential diagnosis in young patients with giant intradural tumor, and whose radiological features suggesting of schwannoma. It affects young patients and usually involves more than one vertebral level. The chances of recurrences and metastasis are always high even after GTR; hence, close follow-up of the entire neuraxis is warranted.

Introduction: High cervical myelopathy can be rarely caused by the developmental anomalies of atlas. Patients with C1 arch stenosis can present in early childhood or later in life. In symptomatic patients, posterior decompression at atlas is mandatory. We report the first clinical series of 20 patients of C1 arch stenosis in the English literature. Materials and Methods: This is retrospective case series having a cohort of 20 patients with congenital C1 arch stenosis. Results: There were 12 pediatric (age

Background: The role of craving in alcohol dependence and its relationship with relapse has been studied widely in the past decade. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of craving in short-term relapse of patients seeking treatment for alcohol dependence and changes in craving score at the end of detoxification and at follow-up. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 male individuals with alcohol dependence (excluding comorbid drug dependence, organic or psychiatric disorder), after detoxification and discharge, consented. No anticraving medicine, aversive or psychotherapy, was advised. They were diagnosed on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 using Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) and Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment Scale–Alcohol-Revised (CIWA-AR) were administered at the time of admission. Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) was applied at the time of discharge and follow-up to measure craving for alcohol. Results: Out of a total of thirty patients analyzed after dropout, 21 relapsed at the end of 1 month. On comparing PACS scores between relapsed and nonrelapsed patients, the difference was significant at both time points, i.e., at discharge and follow-up (t = 4.15, P < 0.0001 and t = 4.01, P < 0.001, respectively). In the total sample, SADQ and CIWA-AR scores were positively correlated (r = 0.47, P = 0.009). PACS at discharge was compared with PACS at follow-up, of which the correlation was high (r = 0.832, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Craving seems to be a main factor related to relapse. Its measurement with PACS can be a useful tool to predict subsequent drinking and to identify individual risk for relapse during treatment.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare arteriopathy associated with cerebral ischemia, due to stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery and its branches and primarily presenting with stroke. However, neuropsychiatric symptoms such as acute psychosis, manic symptoms, attention deficits, and behavioral problems are reported in relation to MMD. We describe here a case of an adult female, who presented with headache, easy irritability, and suspiciousness against family members, inability to identify familiar objects and faces, and inability to perform activities easily done earlier. This case appears informative as the presence and excessive importance given to behavioral symptoms lead to substantial delay in her diagnosis.