Search

Copyright of Arhitektura I Urbanizam is the property of Institute of Architecture, Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper investigates the billboardization of city entrances and the impact of this phenomenon on the integrity of the city and its cultural identity. The initial hypothesis is that the accumulation of billboards within city entrances creates visual pollution that causes multiple problems regarding the city's culture, especially when it is located in a protected area. The paper strives to indicate the neglect of this space in the current urbanistic and socio-cultural narrative, and point out the newly formed region of reframed identity through the concept of the image of the city. The research moves through a case study of the Adriatic highway, the Jaz - Kotor section, namely the buffer zone of the protected Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor, in Montenegro. The aim of the paper is to point out the image of the city and to emphasize this urban space as a factor that disrupts the cultural identity of Kotor.

In contrast to the 12th and 13th centuries, the sources for the study of the Kotor notary in the 14thand 15thcenturies are significantly more numerous and diverse. In the first place, there are office notarial writings that have been preserved from the period 1326-1337, then the second half of the last decade of the 14th century, and, almost continuously, from the end of the second decade of the 15th century. Apart from them, individual documents created in the Kotor office during the 14th century have been preserved, which represent a very valuable source for studying the time when certain notaries worked in Kotor. An extremely important source for the study of this issue is the Grbalj cadaster which contains the notes of notaries and chancellors who drew up documents on the ownership of land holdings in Grbalj. Mentions of some Kotor notaries and the time of their activity can be found in the Dubrovnik archives of the 13th-15th centuries. A special type of source about Kotor notaries of the 14thand 15thcenturies contains their lists. One such can be found in the Zagreb copy of the Kotor Statute and contains a list of notaries from 1380 to 1487. The second one is the list of notaries and chancellors located in the National University Library in Zagreb. It is a particularly valuable source for the chronology of Kotor notaries from the second half of the 14th century, providing information about them until 1705. It brings the names of some hitherto little-known Kotor notaries from the beginning of the 15th century.

Copyright of Radovi Zavod za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zaru is the property of Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti HAZU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

EN: This paper is primarily focused on analyzing the share of the soldiers from Kotor in Venetian infantry units in Eastern Adriatic (Fanti oltramarini) in the 18th century. It is a result of years of research of the unpublished documents from the Archivio di Stato di Venezia (the lists made by the recruitment magistracy – Inquisitori sopra l’amministrazione dei pubblici ruoli). Based on these documents – the lists of infantry troops belonging to individual companies and regiments – the following fundamental aspects are analyzed: the method of entering particulars of the Kotor soldiers; their share in infantry and cavalry units; the timeframe of their military service (their mention in the documents); the share of the members of prominent noble families of Kotor among high-ranking officers (the Bolica, Buća, Paskvali and Vraćen families); the duration of their military service; and the dynamics of promotions in their careers. As the documents are very well preserved, the age structure of the Kotor infantrymen and their physical characteristics can also be analyzed. The final section of the paper analyzes the places where the lists of these infantrymen were made (Venice, Veneto, Dalmatia, Bay of Kotor and Greece) and the commanders of their regiments. And finally, the paper concludes that the Kotor soldiers constituted important part of the regional Eastern Adriatic regiments in the final century of the Serenissima. At the very end of the paper, a table including the names of all the hitherto known overseas infantrymen from that period can be found. HR: Središnji istraživački interes ovoga rada usmjeren je na proučavanje udjela Kotorana u mletačkim prekojadranskim pješačkim postrojbama (Fanti oltramarini) u 18. stoljeću, a zasnovan je na višegodišnjemu proučavanju neobjavljenoga arhivskog gradiva iz Archivio di Stato di Venezia (fond magistrature za novačenje Inquisitori sopra l’amministrazione dei pubblici ruoli). Tragom navedenoga gradiva, točnije popisa pripadnika pješačkih postrojbi unutar pojedinih satnija koje su činile dio pukovnije, raščlanjuju se temeljna problemska pitanja: način bilježenja kotorskih vojnika u izvoru, omjer uključenosti u pješaštvo i konjaništvo, vremenski okvir njihova djelovanja (spominjanja u izvoru), udio pripadnika zapaženih kotorskih plemićkih obitelji čiji su odvjetci imali visoke časničke činove (obitelji Bolica, Buća, Paskvali i Vraćen), trajanje (dužina) vojne službe i tijek napredovanja u karijeri. S obzirom na vrlo dobro sačuvano gradivo, promatra se i dobna struktura kotorskih pješaka te njihove tjelesne značajke. U završnome dijelu rada obrađena su mjesta popisivanja (Mletci, Veneto, Dalmacija, Boka kotorska i Grčka) tih pješaka i vojni zapovjednici koji su upravljali pukovnijama u kojima su oni spomenuti. Na kraju se zaključuje da su Kotorani bili zapažen dio regionalnoga korpusa vojnika zavičajem s istočnojadranske obale u posljednjem stoljeću opstojanja Serenissime. Rad završava tabelarnim pregledom svih do sada istraženih kotorskih prekomorskih pješaka u navedenome razdoblju.

EN: The manuscript collection known as the “Collection of the Bisantis Family” kept in the Archives of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb contains partially damaged transcripts of several documents from the second half of the 14th century, originating from the Kotor office. The document from July 1356 refers to the division of money between the sons of Tryphon Bucchia and regulating his debts. Documents from April 14th and July 27th, 1359 speak of property disputes between Doma Berislavi and Drago Basilius, son of Mathaeus. The document of March 20th, 1362 deals with the issue of marriage and marital property. The document from January 6th, 1371, concerns the assignment of the right to the property that the Venetian Philippo Barelli acquired in Kotor. MNE: U rukopisnom zborniku poznatom kao Zbornik porodice Bizanti koji se čuva u Arhivu HAZU u Zagrebu nalaze se djelimično oštećeni prepisi nekoliko isprava iz druge polovine XIV. vijeka, nastalih u kotorskoj kancelariji. Isprava od jula 1356. godine odnosi se na podjelu novca između sinova Tripa Buće i regulisanja njegovih dugova. Dokumenta od 14. aprila i 27. jula 1359. godine govore o imovinskim sporovima između Dome Berislavi i Draga Basilijevog Matei. Pitanjem sklapanja braka i bračne imovine bavi se isprava od 20. marta 1362. godine. Isprava od 6. januara 1371. godine tiče se ustupanja prava na imovinu koju je Mlečanin Filip Bareli stekao u Kotoru.

The paper discusses some epigraphic features of the inscription on the baptismal font of the priest John from the time of Prince Višeslav from the end of the 8th and the beginning of the 9th century and points out the similarities and parallels between it and the inscription of Bishop John of Kotor on the architrave in the Kotor Cathedral of St. Tryphon from 805. Based on them, it is assumed that the baptismal font could also be attributed to the famous “Kotor stonecarvers’ workshop from the time of Bishop John”.

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The first mentions of the nuns of St. Clare in Kotor date from the fourth decade of the 14th century. Their position in that commune improved in the second half of that century. In December 1364, at the request of the Kotor authorities, Pope Urban V asked the Bishop of Kotor, Dujmo II, to restore the former Benedictine monastery due to the needs of the nuns St. Clare. In the presence of the highest authorities of Kotor, on October 10th, 1365, a document on this legal action was issued. It is preserved in a transcript in the manuscript collection II b 21, held in the manuscript department of the Archives of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb. The document contained the act of assigning the monastery to the Clarisses, prescribing the income which was given on that occasion to the monastery of St. Clare, as well as the appointment of Clare of Foro Julius as its first nun. Part of the transferred revenues consisted of communal revenues from fish market customs duties. The second part of the donation consisted of revenues in the amount of two hundred perpers, half of which came from the butcher's slaughterhouse, and the other half from customs revenue on wine. Customs officers or gabellers, ie persons who leased the mentioned revenues, were obliged to take care of the collection of those revenues. Revenues that the monastery of St. Clare received in October 1365 and are mentioned during the 15th century. Dukal of October 15th, 1447, says that the Venetian authorities after Kotor accepted their rule, recognized the right of the nuns of St. Clare on the said revenues. However, Kotor municipal authorities have occasionally challenged the right to collect assigned revenues, as well as the right to elect procurators themselves. That is why the nuns complained to the Venetian authorities, who ordered the Kotor authorities to allow them to enjoy the allocated income and the right to elect procurators themselves. The problem of paying the income from the fish market to the Clarisses was also present at the end of the 15th century, and Venetian authorities had to intervene.

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Vizantološkog Instituta is the property of Institute for Byzantine Studies of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with around 500 toponyms in the Bay of Kotor. In the introdoctury part of the paper, basic historic and demographic data are given. In the main part, the toponyms are categorised according to motivation and etymology. The Bay of Kotor has an above-average share of toponyms derived from personal names as well as toponyms motivated by church titularies. In this category, the toponym Sutorman (sanctus Romanus) stands out as a relict of the old Romanic and Slavic symbiosis.

Copyright of Ars Adriatica is the property of Sveuciliste u Zadru (University of Zadar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ars Adriatica is the property of Sveuciliste u Zadru (University of Zadar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Radovi Zavod za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zaru is the property of Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti HAZU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

U radu se donose novije znanstvene spoznaje o Kotorskoj klesarskoj radionici, djelatnoj na prostoru južnog Jadrana u prvoj polovini 9. stoljeća. Na temelju njezinog znatno obogaćenog opusa na matičnom tlu Boke kotorske, ali i na širem području od dubrovačke Astareje do gradova Dračke teme sve do Lješa, sagledan je značaj ove radionice u lokalnim okvirima, s posebnim naglaskom na njezin odnos prema Klesarskoj radionici iz doba biskupa Ivana, koja joj je neposredno prethodila. Iznose se pretpostavke o organizaciji rada njezinih klesara, načinu školovanja majstora i širenju produkcije na okolna područja.

Based on data contained in Constantine Porphyrogenitus’s De Administrando Imperio, local written sources, and fragments with inscriptions, the article offers new insight about the original position of the relics of St. Tryphon, the patron saint of Kotor from the first decades of the 9th century. Also, the foundations of a church with a quincuncial (cross-in-square) plan, erected in the same period and discovered below the city’s cathedral, can be seen as an early and important example of the dispersion of this architectural type in lands that belonged to the Byzantine cultural sphere. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 177015: Hrišćanska kultura na Balkanu u srednjem veku: Vizantijsko carstvo, Srbi i Bugari od IX do XV veka and Grant no. 177036: Srpska srednjovekovna umetnost i njen evropski kontekst]

This paper focuses on a series of pre-Romanesque fragments found in Kotor and several other localities in Boka Kotorska, which can be linked to an early phase in the formation of the pre-Romanesque style. Chronological orientation points provided by the triple mention of Bishop Ivan, who was present at the Second Council of Nicaea in 787, have served as a framework dating the fragments to the last quarter of the 8th and the early 9th century. They are considered to be work of a highly skilful stonemason workshop, for which the name Stonemason Workshop from the Time of Bishop Ivan of Kotor has been proposed. The reliefs have been compared to analogous sculptural decoration adorning the cathedrals of other cities in the Eastern Adriatic based on similar stylistic and iconographic features,as well as masterful stonemasonry in high-quality marble. These analogies indicate a common visual language used by the masters active in the broad belt stretching from Istria to Boka Kotorska, who brought to our coast the spirit of new, pre-Romanesque art at the turn of the 9th century.

Copyright of Bosniaca is the property of National & University Library of Bosnia & Herzegovina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The life and agency of Benedict Pasquali (1704-1790), a nobleman of Kotor and general of Venetian army, are central themes of this article. In the first part of the article, the authors, based on the documents of Venetian military administration, in the first place decrees of the Provisors General of Dalmatia and (Venetian) Albania, analyse his military career from the rank of ensign, which he received entering as a boy in Venetian army, through his advancing from lieutenant to colonel, and finally his promotion into the ranks of brigadier and general of Venetian army. The comparison of Pasquali's military career and those of a generation older Venetian high officers who were by their origin from the East Adriatic coast enables us to trace clearly important changes which reached Venetian army within an interval of two generations. Namely, in an attempt of increasing control over the army, central authorities tried to diminish proportion of private ownership over military units and, in connection to that, to professionalise officer corps. Therefore, Pasquali's advancement is more conditioned by formalised rules created for that purpose by state administration, than by military exploits as was the case in careers of a generation older high officers of Dalmatia and Boka. In the second part of the article, the authors analyse composition of the military complement of overseas infantry units (Oltramarini) commanded by Pasquali in the second half of the eighteenth century, providing new and widening previous knowledge of structure of Venetian units recruited in Venetian East Adriatic dominions regarding social background, homeland origin and ethnicity of their soldiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U članku se donosi obiman i dosad mahom neobjavljen arhivski materijal o djelatnosti dvojice zlatarskih majstora, podrijetlom iz Kotora, koji su koncem XIV. i u 1. polovici XV. stoljeća djelovali u Zadru stekavši višegodišnjim, pa i višedesetljetnim svestranim radom, znatan ugled i imovinu. Činjenica da su dijelili podrijetlo i patronimik, uz niz arhivskih vijesti, osobito onih koje potvrđuju kontakte dvaju zlatara, ukazuju na mogućnost da su bili braća, što bi osnažilo i vjerojatnost pretpostavke, koja je već iznesena u literaturi, o zlataru Pavlu Petrovom kao autoru božavskog ophodnog križa datiranog u konac 14. i početak 15. st, ali i mogućnost da je Stjepan Petrov autor srodnog mu ninskoga križa. Potonji križ, na kojem je ujedno i potpisan neki majstor Stjepan, profesor Ivo Petricioli s oprezom je povezivao sa zlatarom Stjepanom Crnjinim zvanim Francoj, suradnikom zlatara Franje iz Milana, okupivši oko te umjetnine grupu ikonografski i stilski srodnih križeva koji potječu iz otočkih župa zadarskoga arhipelaga, a među njima i spomenuti božavski križ, pa se čini prigodnim, u povodu obljetnice profesorove smrti, ovaj rad posvetiti problematici autorstva dijela zadarskih gotičkih ophodnih križeva čijem je poznavanju dao nemjerljiv doprinos.

The paper reviews the last will of the Kotor nobleman Nycolaus Marini Glauacti made in 1327 to bequeath to St. George’s church on the small island near Perast a depiction of the Madonna, St. Nicholas and St. John the Baptist. On the one hand, the legacy is analyzed in the context of the compositions involving the three saints in Kotor’s religious medieval art and, on the other, in the context of ad pias causas bequests and the concept of preparing for a good death (ars moriendi). The contents of the testaments of Nycolaus and his brother Johannes Marin Glauacti as of 1336 are contrasted, especially in terms of the number of pro remedio animae items bequeathed and their distribution. A special emphasis is laid on the comparison of the representations between the Franciscan and Benedictine Orders as the recipients of pious bequests. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177003: Medieval heritage of the Balkans: institutions and culture]

This paper offers new scholarly insights on the Stone-carving Workshop of Kotor, active in the southern Adriatic during the first half of the 9th century. Based on the significantly extended attribution of artworks to this workshop within Boka Kotorska, as well as a broader region from Dubrovnik's Astarea to the Theme of Dyrrachium and further to Lezha, the author discusses the workshop's importance in the local context, with a special emphasis on its relations with the immediately preceding Stone-carving Workshop from the time of bishop John of Kotor. The article also brings new hypotheses on the workshop's working organization, the training system of its masters, and the divulgence of its production in the surrounding areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Radovi Zavod za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zaru is the property of Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti HAZU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Radovi Zavod za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zaru is the property of Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti HAZU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

U radu se analizira srebrna oltarska pala katedrale u Kotoru iskucana u sredini 15. stoljeća. Autor na pali diferencira reljefe petorice zlatara. Lik sv. Tripuna jedini je preostao sa stare pale 14. stoljeća. Dva lika iskucao je majstor Ivan iz Basela, a veću skupinu likova autor pripisuje kotorskom zlataru Marinu Adamovom. Tri svetačke figure odskaču likovnom kvalitetom i djelo su majstora koji je školovan u nekom razvijenom umjetničkom središtu. Konačno likovima sv. Frane i sv. Jeronima dopunio je palu u prvom kvartalu 17. stoljeća mletački majstor Venturin u prigodi njezine rekompozicije. Autor donosi prijedlog o izvornom izgledu pale u sredini 15. stoljeća.

Account Books of the Caboga (Kabužić) Brothers 1426-1433 (Squarço - Reminder, Diary and Ledger) from the Historical Archive of Dubrovnik provide new evidence about the high degree of treatment and composition of precious metals from the Serbian medieval mines. First of all, that the residue, after the purification of unprocessed into fine silver, was copper. Even the price of this process is listed. In the Squarço, in two items in a receipt from 1430, there is previously unknown data about auriferous silver (argento di glama), the composition of which, besides gold, also included copper, and the precisely determined shares of these metals per litre. Apart from the Account Books of the Caboga (Kabužić) Brothers, other written sources and hitherto geological explorations have provided no clues regarding the presence of copper in the auriferous silver mines.

INTRODUCTION: A significant number of alcohol users is being recorded among young people while the limit when young people resorting to alcohol is approaching younger age groups. The aim of this study was to determine the general prevalence and structure of young consumers, as well as risk factors for alcohol use among adolescents. METHOD: The study included 200 respondents. The sample is defined out of classes of all secondary schools at the territory, where one class per school out all four high school grades entered the sample by random choice. The survey instrument was a specifically designed questionnaire and response rate of the classes was 100%. RESULTS: The survey showed that almost half of high school Kotor confirmed to have consumed alcohol. Among children who consume alcohol, almost one half indicated that their parents also use alcoholic beverages and the data show a statistically significant association between alcohol use among parents and their children. Respondents, who do not consume alcoholic beverages, consider the presence of smoking among their friends more often. Students who do not consume alcohol, more frequently point to the harmful effects of using these substances on health and a statistically significant difference between the attitudes of students who do not consume alcohol and those who do was demonstrated in relation to the harmful effects of alcohol on health. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol use is widespread among young people and at the same time there is a significant association between alcohol consumption in parents and their children. The use of alcohol among young people in correlation with the use of tobacco, and the young who consume alcohol are more often found in the company of peers who smoke, compared to their friends who do not use alcohol. Children who do not use alcohol more frequently emphasize the harmful effects of its using on health

Urban population in mediaeval Serbia was legally and actually heterogeneous class. Their name - građani (townsmen) comes from Serbian word grad, meaning town, city. Grad (town) was originally the fortified place where the population could find the shelter. Later on, the people were settling around the fortress, occupying themselves with trade and artisans. The majority of the population lived in podgradije (suburbs), that is to say under and around the city walls. Besides the towns Serbian legal sources mention the market-towns (trgovi, singular trg), unfortified settlements where the goods were exchanged. Towns and market-towns are mentioned side by side in several articles of Dušan's Code, so we can suggest that they had the identical legal status. Urban population in entirety did not represent in the mediaeval Serbia the unique, autonomous class (tiers état), like it was case in the West-European monarchies. Trying to explain the legal status of Serbian towns and its population we can speak on three different types of towns: 1) towns in interior of Serbia; 2) maritime towns, and 3) towns conquered from Byzantium. In the towns in interior of Serbia lived the Serbian population and foreigners. Serbian population living in towns was equal in legal rights to the commoners. That fact could be clearly sees from the article 94 of Dušan's Code that mentions a commoner, whether in a city, county or in a mountain district... Special legal status had the population of littoral cities that made a part of the mediaeval Serbia, such as Drivast, Ulcinj, Bar, Budva and Kotor. Legal rights of those townsmen were regulated by the city statutes, from which survived only the statutes of Kotor and Budva. Tsar Dušan confirmed to the towns conquered from Byzantium all the privileges they had under the Byzantine Emperors. Although the citizenry did not represent the autonomous class in the mediaeval Serbia, Tsar Dušan several times in his Code shows the care for towns as military, administrative and economic centres.

In the course of the 14th and 15th century there was a continuous exchange of skilled workforce between Dubrovnik and Kotor necessary for the normal functioning of the two cities. During the specified period, a number of workers, predominantly qualified ones, including doctors, pharmacists, but also many craftsmen such as jewellers, gunsmiths, stonecutters, left more developed Dubrovnik for Kotor. At the same time, less qualified workers, or uneducated famuli, went to Kotor during the 14th and 15th century with the intention of gaining appropriate qualifications and education in the city under Srdje. Thanks to their activities, both of these Yugoslav centres, in the specified period, reached a certain level of economic and social development.

Political relations between Dubrovnik and Kotor during the 14th century and at the turn of the 15th century were intensive. Their political relations in the course of the aforementioned period were characterized by numerous conflicts, which were dependent on the relations between Dubrovnik and Serbian medieval state of the period, whose rule had been recognized by Kotor since the year of 1182. The strained relations between Kotor and Dubrovnik during the 14th and at the beginning of the 15th century were dictated by the unsteady relationships among the Balkan countries of the period, primarily by Venetian Republic, but also by other Adriatic coastal countries, as well as by the attitude of the powerful country of Hungary towards the Balkan entities of the time. Political relations between Dubrovnik and Kotor of the time considerably affected their economic cooperation, which was, at the time, of paramount importance.

(francuski) Du XIIIe au XVIe siècles, comme on le sait, Dubrovnik fut sous l' influence de la Serbie et Kotor sous la domination des dirigeants serbes. C' est grâce à ces deux ports que la Serbie médiévale exportait les matières premières telles que le cuir, la cire, le bois vers Venise et les autres villes italiennes et en importait les produits textiles et la marchandise fabriquée en Europe. Toutefois, les matières premières de Serbie et la marchandise européenne étaient vendues dans Kotor par les commerçants de Dubrovnik ou dans Dubrovnik par les commerçants de Kotor, quand cette opération pouvait rapporter d'avantage aux commerçants de ces deux villes. Les commerçants de Dubrovnik et de Kotor faisaient leurs affaires de manière individuelle, mais ils s' associaient souvent pour faire augmenter les effets de leurs affaires et obtenir un gain plus élevé.

Copyright of Radovi Zavod za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zaru is the property of Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti HAZU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Radovi Zavod za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zaru is the property of Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti HAZU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On the basis of the documents held in the State Archives in Dubrovnik, published in the annexes, as well as available literature, biography of Nicholas de Archiluppis, citizen of Kotor and Bar, latin scribe of Greek origin is reconstructed. The notary, chancellor, judge and orator Archiluppis, by imperial authority, performed his professional service until the mid fifteenth century. According to analyzed documents, he was active in several communities between 1423 and 1444. He died in Smederevo. Information about him, his citizenship, familial and social relationships, close connection with the ruling circle of the despotate of Serbia and business activities as well is enriched with the analysis of the codicil to the testament drawn up on 20th October 1444, with the respective inventory of goods, and the document on takeover of his legacy, created on 5th August 1445. Shedding new light on social and material structures that determined the communal, courtly and elite culture in general, reviewed documents confirm that he was a manifoldly interesting personality, that with mere origin suggested civilizational stratification and interweaving. The range of social contacts of the reputable court official, which was including the residents of Tuscany, Marche, Veneto, Dubrovnik, Kotor, Bar and the despotate of Serbia, was not only the result of his acivities in the domain of cultural and political representation, but also of economic entrepreneurship and affinity relationships. The writings which were analyzed, legal instruments, manuscripts and items that were referred to, allow an innovative insight into still insufficiently known, documentary and material reality oh his time. Class position, prominent features of appearance and non-verbal communication, trading with major merchants of Southern Adriatic towns, stepping in front of the high authorities in Venice, negotiations and mediation with the Venetian overseas dignitaries, indicate the decedent's interests, intellectual reputation, contribution to manifestations of politeness and diplomatic rituals. Modalities of disposition with the heritage facilitate an understanding of his closest milieu of kinship and friends. A valuable library with rare titles reflects the humanistic scholarship, correlating with the social and institutional network within which he lived. Exactly Archiluppis, as influential and highly educated member of the supreme urban stratum and the court entourage, with the declarations and the execution of his last will confirms the ascent of the elitist culture of the late Middle Ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on a series of pre-Romanesque fragments found in Kotor and several other localities in Boka Kotorska, which can be linked to an early phase in the formation of the pre-Romanesque style. Chronological orientation points provided by the triple mention of Bishop Ivan, who was present at the Second Council of Nicaea in 787, have served as a framework dating the fragments to the last quarter of the 8th and the early 9th century. They are considered to be work of a highly skilful stonemason workshop, for which the name Stonemason Workshop from the Time of Bishop Ivan of Kotor has been proposed. The reliefs have been compared to analogous sculptural decoration adorning the cathedrals of other cities in the Eastern Adriatic based on similar stylistic and iconographic features, as well as masterful stonemasonry in high-quality marble. These analogies indicate a common visual language used by the masters active in the broad belt stretching from Istria to Boka Kotorska, who brought to our coast the spirit of new, pre-Romanesque art at the turn of the 9th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]