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Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the influence of a respiratory mucosa-on-a-chip on the respiratory epithelial differentiation potential of human nasal inferior turbinate-derived stem cells (hNTSCs). Materials and Methods: After isolating hNTSCs from five patients, we divided the samples from the patients into the study group with a mucosa-on-a-chip and the control group with conventional differentiation (using conventional differentiation methods). The respiratory epithelial differentiation potential of hNTSCs was analyzed by histology and gene expression. Results: In the quantitative analysis, PCR showed that the hNTSCs expressed the cytokeratin genes (KRT13, 14), transformation-related protein P63 (TP63), and vimentin of basal cells in the airway epithelium at higher levels, but cytokeratin genes (KRT6) at lower levels, in the mucosa-on-a-chip than in conventional differentiation. In the cytokine analysis (GM-CSF, IFNr, IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, RANTES, TNFa, IL-6, and IL-8), the expressions of IFNr, IL-13, RANTES, TNFa, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly upregulated in the mucosa-on-a-chip than in conventional differentiation. Conclusions: We conclude that the human respiratory mucosa-on-a-chip using human turbinate-derived mesenchymal stem cells allows the respiratory differentiation of hNTSCs and shows the difference in gene and cytokine expression, which could serve as an alternative to conventional differentiation for the production of functionally competent hNTSCs for future clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: We investigated the effects of using a BiZact™ device for tonsillectomy on operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative bleeding rate, and pain through a meta-analysis of the relevant literature. Materials and Methods: We reviewed studies retrieved from the databases of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane up to March 2024. The results were analyzed following PRISMA guidelines. Six studies that compared the outcomes of patients receiving perioperative BiZact™ tonsillectomy with those in control groups (cold steel dissection or bipolar tonsillectomy) were included for this analysis of the outcomes, which included intraoperative bleeding and time, postoperative pain, and frequency of postoperative bleeding. Results: The operative time (SMD −11.5985, 95%CI [−20.3326; −2.8644], I2 = 99.5%) in the treatment group was significantly reduced compared to the control group. However, BiZact™ showed no significant efficacy in reducing intraoperative bleeding when compared with the control group (SMD −0.0480, 95%CI [−1.8200; 1.7240], I2 = 98.6%). Postoperative pain on day 1 (SMD −0.0885, 95%CI [−0.4368; 0.2598], I2 = 98.9%), day 3 (SMD −0.2118, 95%CI [−0.6110; 0.1873], I2 = 99.5%), and later than day 7 (SMD 0.0924, 95%CI [−0.2491; 0.4338], I2 = 98.6%) in the treatment group was not significantly reduced relative to the control group. When compared to the control group, BiZact™ did not reduce the incidence of secondary postoperative bleeding control in the operation room (OR 0.5711, 95%CI [0.2476; 1.3173], I2 = 32.1%), primary bleeding (OR 0.4514, 95%CI [0.0568; 3.5894], I2 = 0.0%), or all postoperative bleeding events (OR 0.8117, 95%CI [0.5796; 1.1368], I2 = 26.3%). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that using the BiZact™ device for tonsillectomy significantly decreased the operative time but could not effectively reduce intraoperative bleeding or postoperative pain and bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: We compared the diagnostic accuracy of conventional smears and liquid-based preparations for detecting thyroid lesions using fine-needle aspiration cytology. We reviewed 15,861 samples from 17 studies. There was no significant difference between conventional smears and liquid-based preparations in terms of diagnostic accuracy or the proportion of inadequate smears. SurePath outperformed ThinPrep in terms of diagnostic accuracy among the liquid-based preparations. Recommendations for one method over another should take cost, feasibility, and accuracy into account, necessitating additional research. Background: To compare conventional smears (CSs) and liquid-based preparations (LBPs) for diagnosing thyroid malignant or suspicious lesions. Methods: Studies in the PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane database published up to December 2023. We reviewed 17 studies, including 15,861 samples. Results: The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for CS was 23.6674. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.879, with sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of 0.8266, 0.8668, 0.8969, and 0.7841, respectively. The rate of inadequate specimens was 0.1280. For LBP, the DOR was 25.3587, with an AUC of 0.865. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value were 0.8190, 0.8833, 0.8515, and 0.8562. The rate of inadequate specimens was 0.1729. For CS plus LBP, the AUC was 0.813, with a lower DOR of 9.4557 compared to individual methods. Diagnostic accuracy did not significantly differ among CS, LBP, and CS plus LBP. Subgroup analysis was used to compare ThinPrep and SurePath. The DORs were 29.1494 and 19.7734. SurePath had a significantly higher AUC. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy or proportion of inadequate smears between CS and LBP. SurePath demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy than ThinPrep. Recommendations for fine-needle aspiration cytology should consider cost, feasibility, and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]