Search

In the design of photoelectrocatalytic cells, a key element is effective photogeneration of electron‐hole pairs to drive redox activation of catalysts. Despite recent progress in photoelectrocatalysis, experimental realization of a high‐performance photocathode for multi‐electron reduction of chemicals, such as nitrate reduction to ammonia, has remained a challenge due to difficulty in obtaining efficient electrode configurations for extraction of high‐throughput electrons from absorbed photons. This work describes a new design for catalytic photoelectrodes using chromophore assembly‐functionalized covalent networks for boosting eight‐electron reduction of nitrate to ammonia. Upon sunlight irradiation, the photoelectrode stores a mass of reducing equivalents at the photoexcited chromophore assembly for multielectron reduction of a copper catalyst, enabling efficient nitrate reduction to ammonia. By introducing the new photoelectrode structure, it is demonstrated that the electronic interplay between charge photo‐accumulating assembly and multi‐electron redox catalysts can be optimized to achieve proper balance between electron transfer dynamics and thermodynamic output of photoelectrocatalytic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study was to detect the expression of Ku80 in primary central nervous system lymphoma and to evaluate the relationship between Ku80 expression level and clinical outcomes. Thirty-eight patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) were included in this retrospective study. The expression of Ku80 in tumor samples was determined by immunohistochemistry. One thousand neoplastic cells per specimen were counted. The expression levels were compared with the clinical data and statistically analyzed. The results of this study show that the expression of Ku80 can be found in the majority of PCNSLs. The mean expression level of Ku80 in 38 PCNSL is 64.1 ±24.5. A significant difference in Ku80 expression could be found between the age < 65 years group and age ≥ 65 years group (P = 0.006). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients who showed a high Ku80 expression had a significantly shorter median survival time (MST) than patients who had low Ku80 expression (P = 0.036). Patients' age, tumor location, and treatment protocol were significantly related to prognosis in PCNSL (P < 0.05). The expression of Ku80 was observed in the majority of PCNSLs. Ku80 was a predictive factor for survival in this study. In addition to Ku80, other clinical variables including age, tumor location and therapeutic protocol are correlated significantly with overall survival.