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Abstract Lanternfish not only boast the most abundant biomass among marine fish species but also play a vital role in marine ecosystems. As one of the lanternfish species with the highest global catch, the skinnycheek lanternfish (Benthosema pterotum) is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region, playing a pivotal role in the marine biological pump. This study constructed the first chromosome-level genome of B. pterotum using a combination of short-read sequencing, PacBio, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The genome size of B. pterotum is 1,272.53 Mb, with a contig N50 of 810 Kb and a scaffold N50 of 54.49 M. More than 99.65% of contigs were successfully anchored onto 24 pseudochromosomes, and 95.7% of BUSCO genes were identified within the genome, demonstrating the high level of completeness in genome assembly. A total of 24,934 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 99.02% were functionally annotated. The successful assembly of a high-quality genome for B. pterotum provides valuable genetic resources for better understanding its biological characteristics and potentially those of all lanternfish species.

Abstract This study aimed to identify predictive factors for the prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver disease (AoCLD) due to both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and alcohol and to develop prognostic models to improve treatment management. AoCLD patients with HBV and alcohol as etiological factors were selected from two multicenter prospective cohorts (NCT02457637,NCT03641872) and included in separate training and validation cohorts (n = 180 and n = 148). In the training cohort, the CATCH-LIFE A nomogram (based on age, bilirubin, international normalized ratio, serum sodium, and hepatic encephalopathy score) and CATCH-LIFE B nomogram (based on age, bilirubin, international normalized ratio, serum albumin, white blood cell, platelet count, and hepatic encephalopathy score) had discriminatory ability for predicting 28-day (c-indexes of 0.910 and 0.899) and 90-day mortality (c-indexes of 0.878 and 0.887, respectively). The area under the curve values for 28-day and 90-day mortality prediction by the CATCH-LIFE A nomogram were 0.922 (95% CI : 0.874, 0.971) and 0.905 (0.856, 0.956), respectively, while those for the CATCH-LIFE B nomogram were 0.916(0.861,0.972) and 0.915 (0.866,0.964), respectively. Similar performance results were observed in the validation cohort. Optimal cut-off scores for each nomogram could be used for patient stratification in high- and low-risk groups, and the high-risk groups showed shorter survival times than the low-risk groups in both the training and validation cohorts. Two nomograms constructed from the first short-term follow-up data from patients with AoCLD due to combined HBV infection and alcohol exposure showed good predictive performance for 28-day and 90-day mortality and might be used to guide clinical management.

Abstract Globally, CRC ranks as a principal cause of mortality, with projections indicating a substantial rise in both incidence and mortality by the year 2040. The immunological responses to cancer heavily rely on the function of CD4Tconv. Despite this critical role, prognostic studies on CRC-related CD4Tconv remain insufficient. In this investigation, transcriptomic and clinical data were sourced from TCGA and GEO. Initially, we pinpointed CD4TGs using single-cell datasets. Prognostic genes were then isolated through univariate Cox regression analysis. Building upon this, 101 machine learning algorithms were employed to devise a novel risk assessment framework, which underwent rigorous validation using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, time-dependent ROC curves, nomograms, and calibration plots. Furthermore, GSEA facilitated the examination of these genes’ potential roles. The RS derived from this model was also analyzed for its implications in the TME, and its potential utility in immunotherapy and chemotherapy contexts. A novel prognostic model was developed, utilizing eight CD4TGs that are significantly linked to the outcomes of patients with CRC. This model’s RS showcased remarkable predictive reliability for the overall survival rates of CRC patients and strongly correlated with malignancy levels. RS serves as an autonomous prognostic indicator, capable of accurately forecasting patient prognoses. Based on the median value of RS, patients were categorized into subgroups of high and low risk. The subgroup with higher risk demonstrated increased immune infiltration and heightened activity of genes associated with immunity. This investigation’s establishment of a CD4TGs risk model introduces novel biomarkers for the clinical evaluation of CRC risks. These biomarkers may enhance therapeutic approaches and, in turn, elevate the clinical outcomes for patients with CRC by facilitating an integrated treatment strategy.

Abstract With the increasing awareness of fitness, more and more people are choosing to participate in fitness activities. Yoga, as a form of exercise that improves both physical and mental health, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. In order to assist yoga practitioners in more effective training through automated or semi automated systems, improve training effectiveness, assist professional athletes in training through intelligent recognition systems, correct movements, and improve athletic performance. This paper proposes a method that addresses the low accuracy issue of current yoga pose recognition algorithms by integrating multi-head attention mechanism and ensemble learning. Firstly, the Mixup algorithm is used to enhance yoga movement images. Subsequently, convolutional features are extracted from the images using the ResNet101 and VGGNet19 transfer learning models. Finally, the extracted convolutional features are combined and stacked using a multi-head attention mechanism. Model training, validation, and testing are performed using the Soft target cross-entropy loss function. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a training accuracy of 100%, a validation accuracy of 89.94%, a testing accuracy of 93.79%, and a detection speed of 297 frames per second. Overall, this method demonstrates high stability and robustness, providing a technological foundation for intelligent recognition of yoga poses.

Abstract Stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 15% of incident cancer cases. Prognosis is poor, with a metastasis and recurrence rate of 38% within 2 years of surgery and an overall 5-year survival rate of 54–60%. Here, we report successful apatinib monotherapy of early NSCLC in a patient who had declined surgery, radiofrequency ablation, and immunotherapy. The patient received apatinib for 64 months without clinical, laboratory, or radiographic evidence of disease progression. The curative effect was judged to be stable and safe.The role of apatinib as monotherapy for patients with early stage NSCLC who are not candidates for surgery or radiotherapy, or as an adjunct to standard therapy, deserves further study.

Abstract Background Skeletal muscle injury is one of the most common sports injuries; if not properly treated or not effective rehabilitation treatment after injury, it can be transformed into chronic cumulative injury. Curcumin, an herbal ingredient, has been found to promote skeletal muscle injury repair and regeneration. The Wnt5a pathway is related to the expression of myogenic regulatory factors, and Ca2+ promotes the differentiation and fusion process of myoblasts. This study explored the effect and mechanism of curcumin on myoblast differentiation during the repair and regeneration of injured skeletal muscle and its relationship with the Wnt5a pathway and Ca2+ channel. Methods Myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells was induced with 2% horse serum, and a mouse (male, 10 weeks old) model of acute skeletal muscle injury was established using cardiotoxin (20 μL). In addition, we constructed a Wnt5a knockdown C2C12 cell model and a Wnt5a knockout mouse model. Besides, curcumin was added to the cell culture solution (80 mg/L) and fed to the mice (50 mg/kg). Fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the concentration of Ca2+. Western blot and RT‐qPCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA levels of Wnt5a, CaN, NFAT2, MyoD, Myf5, Pax7, and Myogenin. The expression levels of MyoD, Myf5, Myogenin, MHC, Desmin, and NFAT2 were detected using immunofluorescence techniques. In addition, MyoD expression was observed using immunohistochemistry, and morphological changes in mouse muscle tissue were observed using HE staining. Results During myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration, Wnt5a expression was upregulated (P

Abstract Peripheral neurotoxicity is a dose-limiting adverse reaction of primary frontline chemotherapeutic agents, including vincristine. Neuropathy can be so disabling that patients drop out of potentially curative therapy, negatively impacting cancer prognosis. The hallmark of vincristine neurotoxicity is axonopathy, yet its underpinning mechanisms remain uncertain. We developed a comprehensive drug discovery platform to identify neuroprotective agents against vincristine-induced neurotoxicity. Among the hits identified, SIN-1—an active metabolite of molsidomine—prevents vincristine-induced axonopathy in both motor and sensory neurons without compromising vincristine anticancer efficacy. Mechanistically, we found that SIN-1’s neuroprotective effect is mediated by activating soluble guanylyl cyclase. We modeled vincristine-induced peripheral neurotoxicity in rats to determine molsidomine therapeutic potential in vivo. Vincristine administration induced severe nerve damage and mechanical hypersensitivity that were attenuated by concomitant treatment with molsidomine. This study provides evidence of the neuroprotective properties of molsidomine and warrants further investigations of this drug as a therapy for vincristine-induced peripheral neurotoxicity.

Combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) with chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has been proven to be a promising strategy to improve the treatment efficiency of cancer, because of the synergistic therapeutic effect arising between the two modalities. Herein, we report an inorganic nanoagent based on ternary NiCoTi-layered double hydroxide (NiCoTi-LDH) nanosheets to realize highly efficient photodynamic/chemodynamic synergistic therapy. The NiCoTi-LDH nanosheets exhibit oxygen vacancy-promoted electron-hole separation and photogenerated hole-induced O2-independent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under acidic circumstances, realizing in situ pH-responsive PDT. Moreover, due to the effective conversion between Co3+ and Co2+ caused by photogenerated electrons, the NiCoTi-LDH nanosheets catalyze the release of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) from H2O2 through Fenton reactions, resulting in CDT. Laser irradiation enhances the catalyzed ability of the NiCoTi-LDH nanosheets to promote the ROS generation, resulting in a better performance than TiO2 nanoparticles at pH 6.5. In vitro and in vivo experimental results show conclusively that NiCoTi-LDH nanosheets plus irradiation lead to efficient cell apoptosis and significant inhibition of tumor growth. This study reports a new pH-responsive inorganic nanoagent with oxygen vacancy-promoted photodynamic/chemodynamic synergistic performance, offering a potentially appealing clinical strategy for selective tumor elimination.

Abstract Background Pneumothorax is the most frequent complication after CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy (CT-PTLB). Many studies reported that injection of autologous blood patch (ABP) during biopsy needle withdrawal could reduce the pneumothorax and chest tube insertion rate after CT-PTLB, but the result is debatable. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to synthesize evidence regarding the efficacy of ABP procedure in patients receiving CT-PTLB. Methods Eligible studies were searched in Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were studies that assessed the relationship between ABP and the pneumothorax and/or chest tube insertion rate after CT-PTLB. Subgroup analyses according to study type, emphysema status and ABP technique applied were also conducted. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to examine the risk association. Results A total of 10 studies including 3874 patients were qualified for analysis. Our analysis suggested that ABP reduced the pneumothorax (incidence: 20.0% vs. 27.9%, OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48–0.66, P

ABSTRACT Background The clinical impact of obesity on postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing thyroidectomy remains controversial. Methods Patients aged ≥ 18 years who were diagnosed with thyroid malignancy and underwent thyroidectomy between 2016 and 2020 were included, and divided into two groups: patients with body mass index (BMI)

Background The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score is widely used for the prognostication in end-stage liver disease but has limited performance in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). In this study, we identified additional predictive parameters and reformed the MELD score to predict ACLF more accurately.Methods A meta-analysis was performed on relevant studies to identify the predictive factors of 28-day/90-day outcomes of ACLF, which were validated in two large prospective cohorts. A prognostic score was developed by incorporating predictive parameters into the MELD score. The model was evaluated with a focus on discrimination and calibration.Results The meta-analysis incorporated 32 cohort studies with a total of 13 939 patients, of which 13 risk factors were identified, and 3 risk factors (age, neutrophil count and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) grade) besides MELD score were validated in 751 patients with ACLF derived from two prospective cohorts. A new model (Chinese Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Consortium (CATCH-LIFE)-MELD score) was developed as follows: 0.028×age+0.3×HE grade+0.039×neutrophil count+0.079×MELD score. CATCH-LIFE-MELD score achieved a concordance index of 0.791/0.788 for 28-day/90-day outcomes, which is superior to other traditional scores. Other discrimination indices, including net reclassification improvement, integrated discrimination improvement and probability density function, and calibration including Nagelkerke’s R2 and Brier scores confirmed its superiority. Moreover, the accuracy of CATCH-LIFE-MELD score remained stable. It was highest in patients with or without hepatitis B virus infection, cirrhosis, liver failure or under the Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B (COSSH) criteria or European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria. All results were substantiated by an evaluation using an external cohort.Conclusions CATCH-LIFE-MELD score, a modified MELD score exhibited improved accuracy in predicting the short-term prognosis of ACLF than other traditional scores.

A lack of access to handwashing facilities is a significant risk factor for lower respiratory infections(LRIs). However, no studies have reported epidemiologic changes in the burden of LRIs attributed to the lack of access to handwashing facilities. We conducted an integrated assessment of the burden of LRIs attributable to the lack of handwashing facilities from 1990 to 2019 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. In 2019, 270,000 deaths were attributed to LRIs due to a lack of access to handwashing facilities, with DALYs reaching 14.02 million. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of LRIs caused by a lack of access to handwashing facilities was approximately 3.74, while the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) was reported to be 203.55 in 2019. Over the past 30 years, the burden of LRIs attributed to the lack of access to handwashing facilities has shown a global decline. In 2019, this burden was most pronounced in infants under 1 year of age and in those older than 95 years, reflecting the highest DALY (5591.83) and mortality rates (79.43), respectively. The burden of LRIs caused by the lack of access to handwashing facilities was found to be more severe in males and significantly more pronounced in regions with a low sociodemographic index (SDI), such as the Sahara African region. The development of targeted strategies to address the inadequate and unequal distribution of handwashing facilities holds important value in improving the disease burden of LRIs.

Abstract Degradation of bond strength due to corrosion of steel strands is of great importance for serviceability of prestressed concrete structures. An analytical model is proposed to demonstrate the effect of corrosion of steel strand on reduction of bond strength. Corrosion expansion force generated by steel strand corrosion before and after corrosion cracking is firstly estimated. Then, the reduced gripping effect of the concrete, change of friction coefficient between the corroded strand and reduction force on the bearing face are considered in calculating the pre-rib extrusion force. Finally, the enhancement of bond strength due to transverse confinement of stirrups is considered and the ultimate bond strength of corroded steel strand is calculated. Comparison of results between the prediction and experimental result shows the proposed model can be used to reasonably evaluate the bond strength. The prediction result of the bond strength model is affected by the degree of strand corrosion, but almost not by the drawing method.

The effect of varying strain amplitudes on the tensile properties and microstructure of aluminum alloy 2024 after a solution treatment (ST) of 495 °C for 1 h followed by cyclic strengthening at room temperature in the presence of various strain amplitudes is methodically investigated. Cyclic strain treatment substantially leads to the enhancement of the strength and plasticity of the alloy. Different strain amplitudes result in distinct strengthening mechanisms in the tested specimens. The specimens treated with low strain amplitudes (Δεt/2 = 0.1–0.4%) exhibit the least changes in the dislocation cell size and the dislocation density. The strengthening is mainly attributed to the precise adjustment of solute cluster precipitation. In specimens treated with high strain amplitudes (Δεt/2 = 0.5–1.1%), various strain amplitudes result in various dislocation configurations. The S-phase precipitation occurs selectively in the dislocation cell walls, forming solute cluster-composite dislocation loops within the dislocation cells, enhancing both the strength and plasticity of the alloy. The rational cyclic strain treatment not only yields the achievement of the precise control of precipitate phases, but also regulates the dislocation configurations. The obtained results reveal that the high-density cluster-composite dislocation loops are capable of resolving the conflict between increasing dislocation density and reducing dislocation pile-up, providing new insights into alloy strengthening.

Oilfield treated oil pipeline network is the link connecting the upstream oilfields and the downstream refineries. Due to the differences in operating costs and transportation fee between different pipelines and the fluctuation in the demand and sales prices of the treated oil, there is an optimal flow allocation plan for the pipeline network to make the oilfield company obtain the highest social and economic benefit. In this study, a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is developed to determine the optimal flow rate allocation plan of the large-scale and complex treated oil pipeline network, and both the social and economic benefits are considered simultaneously. The optimization objective is the multi-objective which includes the largest user satisfaction and the highest economic benefit. The model constraints include the oilfield production capacity, refinery demand, pipeline transmission capacity, flow, pressure, and temperature of the node and station, and the pipeline hydraulic and thermal calculations. Python 3.7 is utilized for the programming of the off-line calculation procedure and the MINLP model, and GUROBI 9.0.2 is served as the MINLP solver. Moreover, the model is applied to a real treated oil pipeline network located in China, and three optimization scenarios are analyzed. For social benefit, the values of the user satisfaction of each refinery and the total network are 1 before and after optimization for scenarios 1, 2, and 3. For economic benefit, the annual revenue can be increased by 0.227, 0.293, and 0.548 billion yuan after the optimization in scenario 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Abstract As CMOS technologies face challenges in dimensional and voltage scaling, the demand for novel logic devices has never been greater, with spin-based devices offering scaling potential, at the cost of significantly high switching energies. Alternatively, magnetoelectric materials are predicted to enable low-power magnetization control, a solution with limited device-level results. Here, we demonstrate voltage-based magnetization switching and reading in nanodevices at room temperature, enabled by exchange coupling between multiferroic BiFeO3 and ferromagnetic CoFe, for writing, and spin-to-charge current conversion between CoFe and Pt, for reading. We show that, upon the electrical switching of the BiFeO3, the magnetization of the CoFe can be reversed, giving rise to different voltage outputs. Through additional microscopy techniques, magnetization reversal is linked with the polarization state and antiferromagnetic cycloid propagation direction in the BiFeO3. This study constitutes the building block for magnetoelectric spin-orbit logic, opening a new avenue for low-power beyond-CMOS technologies.

This study presents an environment-friendly and less toxic approach to electrostatic spraying using novel water-based resin paints enhanced with SiO2 nanoparticles. Addressing the environmental and health concerns of traditional toxic solvent-based coatings, our research emphasizes the development and application of these paints on anodized aluminum substrates. Our experimental procedure involves formulating water-based paints; applying them via electrostatic spraying; and analyzing their stability, coverage, and adhesion properties. The findings demonstrated that the paints maintained stability and showed improved adhesion and uniformity without using a toxic solvent-based resin, particularly on substrates with extended anodizing treatment. This study highlights the potential of using water-based resin paints in industrial applications, offering a sustainable, efficient, and high-performance alternative to conventional coatings, paving the way for future research into their broader application and environmental impact.

ABSTRACT The tumor suppressor p53, primarily functioning as a transcription factor, has exhibited antiviral capabilities against various viruses in chickens, including infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), and avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). Nevertheless, the existence of a universal antiviral mechanism employed by chicken p53 (chp53) against these viruses remains uncertain. This study conducted a comprehensive comparison of molecular networks involved in chp53’s antiviral function against IBDV, ALV-J, and ILTV. This was achieved through an integrated analysis of ChIP-seq data, examining chp53’s genome-wide chromatin occupancy, and RNA-seq data from chicken cells infected with these viruses. The consistent observation of chp53 target gene enrichment in metabolic pathways, confirmed via ChIP-qPCR, suggests a ubiquitous regulation of host cellular metabolism by chp53 across different viruses. Further genome binding motif conservation analysis and transcriptional co-factor prediction suggest conserved transcriptional regulation mechanism by which chp53 regulates host cellular metabolism during viral infection. These findings offer novel insights into the antiviral role of chp53 and propose that targeting the virus-host metabolic interaction through regulating p53 could serve as a universal strategy for antiviral therapies in chickens.IMPORTANCEThe current study conducted a comprehensive analysis, comparing molecular networks underlying chp53’s antiviral role against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), and avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). This was achieved through a combined assessment of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data obtained from infected chicken cells. Notably, enrichment of chp53 target genes in metabolic pathways was consistently observed across viral infections, indicating a universal role of chp53 in regulating cellular metabolism during diverse viral infections. These findings offer novel insights into the antiviral capabilities of chicken p53, laying a foundation for the potential development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapies in chickens.

Background: Previous studies have shown that pyroptosis in hepatocyte is essential for the development of MAFLD. Growing evidence has shown that exosomal miRNAs-mediated communication between inflammatory cells and hepatocyte is an important link in MAFLD. In the present study, we aim to elucidate whether macrophage-derived exosomal miRNAs contribute to the hepatocyte pyroptosis in the pathophysiological process of MAFLD. Methods: The effects of hepatocyte pyroptosis were investigated in an HFD-induced MAFLD mouse model and in the liver tissues from patients with MAFLD using immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, Western blotting, and luciferase reporter assay, among other techniques. MiR-155 inhibitor tail injections and AAV-FoxO3a-GFP were also administered to respectively inhibit or overexpress its expression in an HFD-induced MAFLD mouse model. Results: Hepatocyte pyroptosis was heightened in the liver tissue of patients with MAFLD or HFD-induced MAFLD mouse. Importantly, treatment with a caspase-1 inhibitor or overexpression of FoxO3a reversed this trend. Our study also demonstrated that miR-155 expression and the number of infiltrated macrophages were increased, and knockdown of miR-155 attenuated hepotocyte pyroptosis and liver fibrosis in HFD-induced mouse. In addition, we demonstrated that macrophage-derived exosomal miR-155 was transferred to hepatocytes, leading to hepatocyte pyroptosis in MAFLD mouse. Furthermore, blockade of exosome secretion improved hepotocyte pyroptosis and liver fibrosis in HFD-induced mouse. On the contrary, macrophage-derived exosomal miR-155 worsened hepotocyte pyroptosis. Moreover, we found that miR-155 promoted hepatocyte pyroptosis in MAFLD by down-regulating FoxO3a. Conclusions: Taken together, our results demonstrated that macrophage-derived exosomal miR-155 promotes hepatocyte pyroptosis and liver fibrosis in MAFLD.

Cementitious materials are the main binders used in mine filling and play a critical role in determining the mechanical properties of cemented tailings backfill (CTB). But, the materials typically account for over 60% of total filling expenses. The objective of this study is to utilize solid waste cinders as a substitute for certain cement-like materials, aiming to lower the cost of filling while maintaining the strength characteristics of CTB. Through measuring the fluidity and strength characteristics of slurry with different CC replacement levels, and the microstructure analysis of backfill, the study finds that: 1) The addition of CC can improve the fluidity of ultra-fine tailings filling slurry and adding 1 ∼ 2 mm CC can both improve the fluidity of CTB and the compressive strength of CTB. 2) The strength of the filling body can be improved by replacing 20% of the cementitious material with CC when the surface pore size of CC with porous structure is similar to the median particle size of the tailings. 3) The lower packing density of CC and the hydrophilic mineral components on the surface reduced the interfacial tension between solid and liquid, which enhanced the dispersion ability of CC in the slurry. 4) Coal cinders replace part of cement-like materials to reduce filling costs and solid waste emissions.

IntroductionThe precise detection of weeds in the field is the premise of implementing weed management. However, the similar color, morphology, and occlusion between wheat and weeds pose a challenge to the detection of weeds. In this study, a CSCW-YOLOv7 based on an improved YOLOv7 architecture was proposed to identify five types of weeds in complex wheat fields.MethodsFirst, a dataset was constructed for five weeds that are commonly found, namely, Descurainia sophia, thistle, golden saxifrage, shepherd’s purse herb, and Artemisia argyi. Second, a wheat weed detection model called CSCW-YOLOv7 was proposed to achieve the accurate identification and classification of wheat weeds. In the CSCW-YOLOv7, the CARAFE operator was introduced as an up-sampling algorithm to improve the recognition of small targets. Then, the Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) network was added to the Extended Latent Attention Networks (ELAN) module in the backbone network and the concatenation layer in the feature fusion module to enhance important weed features and suppress irrelevant features. In addition, the contextual transformer (CoT) module, a transformer-based architectural design, was used to capture global information and enhance self-attention by mining contextual information between neighboring keys. Finally, the Wise Intersection over Union (WIoU) loss function introducing a dynamic nonmonotonic focusing mechanism was employed to better predict the bounding boxes of the occluded weed.Results and discussionThe ablation experiment results showed that the CSCW-YOLOv7 achieved the best performance among the other models. The accuracy, recall, and mean average precision (mAP) values of the CSCW-YOLOv7 were 97.7%, 98%, and 94.4%, respectively. Compared with the baseline YOLOv7, the improved CSCW-YOLOv7 obtained precision, recall, and mAP increases of 1.8%, 1%, and 2.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the parameters were compressed by 10.7% with a 3.8-MB reduction, resulting in a 10% decrease in floating-point operations per second (FLOPs). The Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) visualization method suggested that the CSCW-YOLOv7 can learn a more representative set of features that can help better locate the weeds of different scales in complex field environments. In addition, the performance of the CSCW-YOLOv7 was compared to the widely used deep learning models, and results indicated that the CSCW-YOLOv7 exhibits a better ability to distinguish the overlapped weeds and small-scale weeds. The overall results suggest that the CSCW-YOLOv7 is a promising tool for the detection of weeds and has great potential for field applications.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of proximal femoral bone cysts in pediatric patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 41 pediatric patients (31 males and 10 females, mean age 7.47 ± 2.67 years, range 2.03–14.67 years) diagnosed with proximal femoral bone cysts treated at a single institute between March 2009 and November 2021. Data included demographics, preoperative details, intraoperative conditions, surgical techniques, postoperative outcomes, recurrence, and complications.ResultsOf the participants, 68% presented with simple bone cysts and 32% with aneurysmal bone cysts. Prior to surgery, 32% exhibited pathological fractures. Surgical methods included lesion curettage, defect filling using allograft bone and Minimally-Invasive Injectable Graft ×3, and varied fixation techniques. Postoperative recurrence (17%) was associated with cyst location between the capital femoral epiphysis and the linea intertrochanterica (P = 0.010). At the final assessment (mean follow-up: 26.51 ± 18.99 months), all showed radiological bony union with 93% rated as “good” and 7% as ‘fair’ based on Ratliff hip scores. Complications arose in 20% of patients, significantly correlated with prior pathological fractures (P = 0.007) and their association with the linea intertrochanterica (P = 0.004). Those with fractures reported higher intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.015) and longer surgery durations (P = 0.012) compared to those without.ConclusionTreating pediatric proximal femoral bone cysts using techniques such as lesion curettage, defect filling, and selective internal fixation yields favorable outcomes. The presence of pathological fractures can prolong surgical time, increase intraoperative blood loss, and elevate postoperative complication risks. Hence, early surgical intervention for these cysts is recommended to prevent fractures.

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) related to obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) mainly results from chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced renal injury. This study aimed to explore the interaction between the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) and recombinant adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) in CIH-induced renal injury. Methods: A rat intermittent hypoxia model was constructed, total RNA was extracted from kidney tissue, and transcriptome sequencing was performed using high-throughput sequencing technology. CIH rat models were established and injected with sh-GAS5 or OE-APRT plasmid, the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine amidohydrolase were measured, and the expression of oxidative stress-related factors was detected. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining were used for morphological observations, and cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining. Interactions between GAS5, TATA-box binding protein-associated factor 1 (TAF1), and APRT were predicted and verified. After transfection of HK-2 cells, the expression of GAS5, TAF1, APRT, Bax, Bcl-2, apoptosis-related factors, fibrosis-related factors (collagen I and Ⅳ), and autophagy-related proteins (LC3-Ⅱ, LC3-Ⅰ, p62, and Beclin-1) was measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Results: Sequencing results revealed that TAF1 was significantly increased and APRT was significantly decreased in the CIH group. RNA was significantly involved in the biological process of kidney injury mediated by CIH. CIH rats injected with GAS5 suppression or APRT overexpression plasmids showed decreased GAS5 and elevated APRT expression, along with suppressed serum levels of BUN and creatinine amidohydrolase. Meanwhile, GAS5 suppression or APRT overexpression attenuated apoptosis and fibrosis, suppressed oxidative stress, and promoted autophagy in CIH-induced renal tubular epithelial cells. The RNA pull-down assay and RIP verified the binding and interaction of GAS5 and TAF1. Chip immunoprecipitation (ChIP) identified TAF1 regulation of the APRT promoter. GAS5 and TAF1 negatively regulated APRT expression. Conclusion: The lncRNA GAS5 can bind TAF1 to suppress APRT transcription, thereby enhancing CIH-induced renal injury in rats.

Abstract Objective Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is an important marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and a predictor of cardiovascular disease. This study aims to explore the association between carotenoid intakes and AAC. Methods We included 2889 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary carotenoid intakes were obtained through 24-h dietary recall interviews. Severe AAC was defined as a Kauppila score > 5. The main analysis utilizes logistic and restricted cubic spline models. Result Severe AAC was detected in 378 (13.08%) participants. In fully adjusted models, the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein with zeaxanthin and total carotenoid intakes for individuals with severe AAC were 0.53 (0.23–0.77), 0.39 (0.19–0.80), 0.18 (0.05–0.62), 0.40 (0.20–0.78), 0.53 (0.32–0.88) and 0.38 (0.18–0.77) in the highest versus lowest quartile intake, respectively. Dose–response analyses revealed that all of the carotenoids were associated with decreased risk of severe AAC in a nonlinear trend. Total carotenoid intakes of at least 100ug/kg/day were associated with decreased odds for severe AAC. Conclusion α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein with zeaxanthin and total carotenoids were inversely associated with the risk of severe AAC in adults.

Abstract Due to the large computational and GPUs memory cost of semantic segmentation, some works focus on designing a lite weight model to achieve a good trade‐off between computational cost and accuracy. A common method is to combined CNN and vision transformer. However, these methods ignore the contextual information of multi receptive fields. And existing methods often fail to inject detailed information losses in the downsampling of multi‐scale feature. To fix these issues, we propose AG Self‐Attention, which is Enhanced Atrous Self‐Attention (EASA), and Gate Attention. AG Self‐Attention adds the contextual information of multi receptive fields into the global semantic feature. Specifically, the Enhanced Atrous Self‐Attention uses weight shared atrous convolution with different atrous rates to get the contextual information under the specific different receptive fields. Gate Attention introduces gating mechanism to inject detailed information into the global semantic feature and filter detailed information by producing “fusion” gate and “update” gate. In order to prove our insight. We conduct numerous experiments in common semantic segmentation datasets, consisting of ADE20 K, COCO‐stuff, PASCAL Context, Cityscapes, to show that our method achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance and achieve a good trade‐off between computational cost and accuracy.

Abstract Background To develop and validate a preoperative nomogram model combining the radiomics signature and clinical features for preoperative prediction of visceral pleural invasion (VPI) in lung nodules presenting as part‐solid density. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 156 patients with pathologically confirmed invasive lung adenocarcinomas after surgery from January 2016 to August 2019. The patients were split into training and validation sets by a ratio of 7:3. The radiomic features were extracted with the aid of FeAture Explorer Pro (FAE). A CT‐based radiomics model was constructed to predict the presence of VPI and internally validated. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to construct a nomogram model, and the performance of the models were evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared with each other. Results The enrolled patients were split into training (n = 109) and validation sets (n = 47). A total of 806 features were extracted and the selected 10 optimal features were used in the construction of the radiomics model among the 707 stable features. The AUC of the nomogram model was 0.888 (95% CI: 0.762–0.961), which was superior to the clinical model (0.787, 95% CI: 0.643–0.893; p = 0.049) and comparable to the radiomics model (0.879, 95% CI: 0.751–0.965; p > 0.05). The nomogram model achieved a sensitivity of 90.5% and a specificity of 76.9% in the validation dataset. Conclusions The nomogram model could be considered as a noninvasive method to predict VPI with either highly sensitive or highly specific diagnoses depending on clinical needs.

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) exhibits a cascade expression pattern of encoded genes, and ICP4 is the only immediate-early gene of ILTV, which plays a crucial role in initiating the subsequent viral genes. Therefore, studying the transcriptional regulation mechanism of ICP4 holds promise for effectively blocking ILTV infection and spread. Host transcriptional factors p53 and Fos are proven to regulate a variety of viral infections, and our previous studies have demonstrated their synergistic effects in regulating ILTV infection. In this study, we constructed eukaryotic expression vectors for p53 and Fos as well as their specific siRNAs and transfected them into a chicken hepatoma cell line. The results showed that knocking down p53 or Fos significantly inhibited ICP4 transcription, while overexpressing p53 or Fos had an opposite effect. A further CoIP and ChIP-qPCR assay suggested p53 and Fos physically interacted with each other, and jointly bound to the upstream transcriptional regulatory region of ICP4. To elucidate the specific mechanisms of p53 and Fos in regulating ICP4 transcription, we designed p53 and Fos protein mutants by mutating their DNA binding domains, which significantly reduced their binding ability to DNA without affecting their interaction. The results showed that Fos directly bound to the promoter region of ICP4 as a binding target of p53, and the p53–Fos protein complex acted as a transcriptional co-regulator of ICP4. Studying the transcriptional process and regulatory pattern of ICP4 is of great significance for understanding the molecular mechanism of ILTV infection, and thus for finding effective methods to control and prevent it.

Backgrounds: A contemporary public health challenge is the increase in the prevalence rates of herpes zoster (HZ) worldwide. Methods: In this work, the gE gene structure was analyzed using bioinformatics techniques, and three plasmids of varying lengths, tgE537, tgE200, and tgE350, were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. These proteins were used to immunize BALB/c mice with Al/CpG adjuvant; ELISPOT and FCM were used to evaluate cellular immunity; and ELISA, VZV microneutralization, and FAMA assays were performed to detect antibody titers. Results: Target protein concentrations of 1.8 mg/mL for tgE537, 0.15 mg/mL for tgE200 and 0.65 mg/mL for tgE350 were effectively produced. The ability of the three protein segments to stimulate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as to cause lymphocytes to secrete IFN-γ and IL-4, did not significantly differ from one another. Both tgE537 and tgE350 were capable of generating VZV-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies, while tgE350 had the highest neutralizing antibody titer (4388). There was no equivalent humoral immune response induced by tgE200. Conclusions: The results of this investigation provide the groundwork for the creation of HZ recombinant vaccines using truncated proteins as antigens.

Prestressed concrete box girders are commonly employed in the development of high-speed railway bridge constructions. The prestressed strands in the girder may corrode due to long-term chloride erosion, leading to the degradation of its flexural performance. To examine the flexural performance of corrosion-affected simply supported prestressed concrete box girders, eight T-shaped mock-up beams related to the girders used in the construction of high-speed railway bridges were manufactured utilizing similarity theory. Seven of the beams underwent electrochemical accelerated corrosion, and then each beam was subjected to failure under the four-point load test method. Measurements recorded and analyzed in detail during the loading process included the following: crack propagation, crack width at various loads, crack load, ultimate load, deflection, and concrete strain of the mid-span section. The results demonstrate that a corrosion rate of just 8.31% has a considerable impact on the structural integrity of the beams, as evidenced by a pronounced reduction in flexural cracks and a tendency towards reduced reinforcement failure. Furthermore, the corrosive process has a detrimental effect on mid-span deflection, ductility, and ultimate flexural bearing capacity, which could have significant implications for bridge safety. This study provides valuable insights for the assessment of flexural performance and the development of appropriate maintenance strategies for corroded simply supported box girders in high-speed railways.

This study included 468 patients and aimed to use multimodal ultrasound radiomic technology to predict the malignancy of TI-RADS 4-5 thyroid nodules. First, radiomic features are extracted from conventional two-dimensional ultrasound (transverse ultrasound and longitudinal ultrasound), strain elastography (SE), and shear-wave-imaging (SWE) images. Next, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) is used to screen out features related to malignant tumors. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) is used to predict the malignancy of thyroid nodules. The Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) method was used to intuitively analyze the specific contributions of radiomic features to the model’s prediction. Our proposed model has AUCs of 0.971 and 0.856 in the training and testing sets, respectively. Our proposed model has a higher prediction accuracy compared to those of models with other modal combinations. In the external validation set, the AUC of the model is 0.779, which proves that the model has good generalization ability. Moreover, SHAP analysis was used to examine the overall impacts of various radiomic features on model predictions and local explanations for individual patient evaluations. Our proposed multimodal ultrasound radiomic model can effectively integrate different data collected using multiple ultrasound sensors and has good diagnostic performance for TI-RADS 4-5 thyroid nodules.

Researchers have found that there may be a correlation between physical activity, executive function, and depression for college students with depression. However, there is limited information available regarding the relationship and interaction between subclinical depression, physical activity, and executive function among college students with subclinical depression. The purpose of this study is to assess the correlation and interaction between subclinical depression, physical activity, and executive function in female college students with subclinical depression. The ActiGraph GT3X was utilized to measure physical activity time, and the colour-word Stroop task was employed to evaluate the executive function of the participants. The findings revealed that female college students with subclinical depression had a significantly lower time for moderate-intensity physical activity compared to healthy female college students. Additionally, the subclinical depression group took significantly longer to complete the colour-word Stroop task compared to the healthy group of female college students. The results of correlation and mediation analyses suggest a negative correlation between BDI-II scores and physical activity time and executive function in female college students with subclinical depression. Moreover, executive function appears to play a partial mediating role in the relationship between physical activity and subclinical depression.

Bacterium-like particles (BLP) are the peptidoglycan skeleton particles of lactic acid bacteria, which have high safety, mucosal delivery efficiency, and adjuvant effect. It has been widely used in recent years in the development of vaccines. Existing anchoring proteins for BLP surfaces are few in number, so screening and characterization of new anchoring proteins are necessary. In this research, we created the OACD (C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli outer membrane protein A) to serve as an anchoring protein on the surface of BLP produced by the immunomodulatory bacteria Levilactobacillus brevis 23017. We used red fluorescent protein (RFP) to demonstrate the novel surface display system’s effectiveness, stability, and ability to be adapted to a wide range of lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, this study employed this surface display method to develop a novel vaccine (called COB17) by using the multi-epitope antigen of Clostridium perfringens as the model antigen. The vaccine can induce more than 50% protection rate against C. perfringens type A challenge in mice immunized with a single dose and has been tested through three routes. The vaccine yields protection rates of 75% for subcutaneous, 50% for intranasal, and 75% for oral immunization. Additionally, it elicits a strong mucosal immune response, markedly increasing levels of specific IgG, high-affinity IgG, specific IgA, and SIgA antibodies. Additionally, we used protein anchors (PA) and OACD simultaneous to show several antigens on the BLP surface. The discovery of novel BLP anchoring proteins may expand the possibilities for creating mucosal immunity subunit vaccines. Additionally, it may work in concert with PA to provide concepts for the creation of multivalent or multiple vaccines that may be used in clinical practice to treat complex illnesses.

Seamounts are prominent seafloor features that make inhomogeneous oceanic crust, carried by some moving plates and eventually accreted or subducted at convergent margins. These seamounts contribute to subduction dynamics, continental crustal growth, and chemical mantle heterogeneities. We present a review of seamount subduction and accretion in the West Junggar based on available geological, geochronological, and geochemical data of the ophiolitic mélanges. Several ophiolitic mélanges with ages ranging from 572 Ma to 332 Ma developed in West Junggar, including the Mayile, Tangbale, Chagantaolegai, Barleik, Hebukesaier, Kujibai, Emin, Hongguleleng, Karamay, and Durbut ophiolitic mélanges, and displayed some typical block-in-matrix structures. The mafic rocks from these ophiolitic mélanges can be divided into MORB and OIB types. The MORB type likely to have formed in arc related setting were derived from a depleted mantle source that had been metasomatized by slab-derived fluids. However, the OIB type was formed in seamounts/oceanic plateaus related to mantle plume activities. Many seamounts with different ages developed in the Junggar Ocean as well as the Paleo-Asian Ocean, and had three different destinations: accretion in the accretionary prism, underplating to the overriding plate, and collision, resulting in different geological effects. The subducting and accreting seamounts in West Junggar are mainly involved in deformation of the overriding plate, magmatism of the volcanic arc and plate tectonics. Particularly, seamounts/oceanic plateaus accretion probably induced subduction initiation in West Junggar, namely subduction polarity-reversal and/or subduction transference. This will provide new insights into understanding the tectonic evolution of the West Junggar as well as the CAOB.

Recently, the self-powered monitoring device used for wearable sensors has attracted attention from various industries. It is worth noting that previous self-powered sensors were mostly focused on unidirectional sensing and monitoring, and few sensors can achieve both longitudinal and transverse sensing functions simultaneously. Here, we designed an arched and stacked coupling structure triboelectric nanogenerator (AS-TENG) to harvest horizontal and vertical mechanical energy. Meanwhile, the AS-TENG can simultaneously achieve sensing effects on longitudinal pressure and transverse pulling force. According to the results, the pulling force sensing sensitivity of AS-TENG can reach 2.415 V N−1, and the pressure sensing sensitivity of AS-TENG can arrive at 2.78 V N−1. Furthermore, under longitudinal 6 Hz mechanical motion excitation, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current (Isc) of AS-TENG can reach 28.21 μA and 173.25 V, respectively. The transfer charge (Qsc) of AS-TENG can arrive at 169.7 nC. The AS-TENG can achieve a maximum output power of 2.02 mW at a 3 MΩ load. Moreover, the sensing signal pulse width of AS-TENG can reach 180 ms, which is higher than the traditional arch structure’s 110 ms, indicating the unique advantages of AS-TENG in future fitness monitoring. This study provides a 3D triboelectric multi-directional sensor that will serve the fields of intelligent wearable fitness and sports.

Background and aimA high aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio is associated with liver injury in liver disease; however, no data exist regarding its relationship with 90-day prognosis in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic liver disease.MethodsIn this study, 3,758 participants (955 with advanced fibrosis and 2,803 with cirrhosis) from the CATCH-LIFE cohort in China were included. The relationships between different AST/ALT ratios and the risk of adverse 90-day outcomes (death or liver transplantation) were determined in patients with cirrhosis or hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated advanced fibrosis, respectively.ResultsIn the patients with HBV-associated advanced fibrosis, the risk of 90-day adverse outcomes increased with AST/ALT ratio; after adjusting for all confounding factors, the risk of adverse 90-day outcomes was the highest when AST/ALT ratio was more than 1.08 (OR = 6.91 [95% CI = 1.789–26.721], p = 0.005), and the AST/ALT ratio of >1.9 accelerated the development of adverse outcomes. In patients with cirrhosis, an AST/ALT ratio > 1.38 increased the risk of adverse 90-day outcomes in all univariables (OR = 1.551 [95% CI = 1.216–1.983], p 1.38 corresponded with a more than 20% incidence of adverse outcomes in patients with cirrhosis.ConclusionThe AST/ALT ratio is an independent risk factor for adverse 90-day outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and HBV-associated advanced fibrosis. The cutoff values of the AST/ALT ratio could help clinicians monitor the condition of patients when making clinical decisions.

Abstract Aim The study aimed to investigate the short‐term outcomes of hospitalized patients with chronic liver disease (CLDs) and assess the prognostic impact of predisposition and precipitants, which currently remains unclear. Methods The study included 3970 hospitalized patients with CLDs from two prospective longitudinal multicenter studies (NCT02457637 and NCT03641872) conducted in highly endemic hepatitis B virus (HBV) areas. Competing risk analysis was used to evaluate the effect of predispositions, including the etiology and severity of CLDs and precipitants; on sequential 28, 90, and 365‐day liver transplantation (LT)‐free mortality. Results Among all enrolled patients, 76.8% of adverse outcomes (including death and LT) within one year occurred within 90 days. Compared with alcoholic etiology, the association of HBV etiology with poorer outcomes was remarkably on the 28th day (hazard ratio [HR], 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–3.06; p = 0.026); however, and diminished or became insignificant at 90 days and 365 days. Cirrhosis increased the adjusted risk for 365‐day (HR, 1.50; CI, 1.13–1.99; p = 0.004) LT‐free mortality when compared with noncirrhosis. In patients with cirrhosis, prior decompensation (PD) independently increased the adjusted risk of 365‐day LT‐free mortality by 1.25‐fold (p = 0.021); however, it did not increase the risk for 90‐day mortality. Neither the category nor the number of precipitants influenced the adjusted risk of 28 or 90‐day LT‐free mortality. Conclusions The 90‐day outcome should be considered a significant endpoint for evaluating the short‐term prognosis of hospitalized patients with CLD. Predisposing factors, other than etiology, mainly affected the delayed (365‐day) outcome. Timely effective therapy for CLD etiology, especially antiviral treatments for HBV, and post‐discharge long‐term surveillance monitoring in cirrhotic patients undergoing PD are suggested to enhance disease management and reduce mortality.

The present work studies the influence of oil pipe joint passing through annular blowout preventer (BOP) on its sealing performance in high pressure gas wells under snubbing service. When the oil pipe joint passes through the BOP, due to the change of its structure, it is easy to cause the rubber core seal failure of the BOP, resulting in the leakage of toxic and harmful gas in the well, which seriously threatens the safety of the operators. Aiming at the problem of gas leakage caused by rubber core seal failure of annular BOP, based on the rubber large deformation theory and rubber core seal mechanism, a dynamic finite element model of rubber core-oil pipe joint is established, and the correctness of the model is verified by comparing the failure of rubber core on site; The results show that when the oil pipe joint passes through the BOP, a sealing buffer zone (SBZ) will be formed at the upper and lower shoulder of the joint, and the contact stress of the rubber core will decrease by 10 MPa–30 MPa; Because of the funnel effect of the rubber core, the damage of the rubber core caused by the running oil pipe joint of the BOP is greater than that caused by the lift oil pipe joint; When lifting oil pipe, the existence of SBZ is easy to cause gas leakage in the well; The optimized structure of oil pipe joint with small inclination and long shoulder can significantly reduce the influence of SBZ on the sealing performance of BOP. The research work in this paper is of great significance to improve the dynamic sealing performance of BOP.

β-AlFeSi is one of the most common and most damaging intermetallics in aluminum alloys containing silicon. The study of its growth behavior is crucial for alloy design. In this work, Al-8.1Si–5Fe and Al–13Si–3Fe alloys were cast to study the growth of β-AlFeSi. The skirt like β-AlFeSi clusters formed by splitting were discovered, and this phenomenon was found to be mainly caused by thermal stress. By micro to atomic scale electron microscopy studies, a layer-by-layer growth mode along the (001) crystal plane was proposed for β-AlFeSi. In addition, it is found that β-AlFeSi grows along the heat flow, and the preferred growth orientation is determined to be [100]/[010]. Other characteristics of β growth, such as stacking faults and inducing formation of pores, were also reported and discussed.

The number of real-time dynamic satellite observation missions has been rapidly increasing recently, while little attention has been paid to the dynamic mission-scheduling problem. It is crucial to reduce perturbations to the initial scheduling plan for the dynamic mission-scheduling as the perturbations have a significant impact on the stability of the Earth observation satellites (EOSs). In this paper, we focus on the EOS dynamic mission-scheduling problem, where the observation profit and perturbation are considered simultaneously. A multi-objective dynamic mission-scheduling mathematical model is first formulated. Then, we propose a multi-objective dynamic mission-scheduling algorithm (MODMSA) based on the improved Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA2). In the MODMSA, a novel two-stage individual representation, a minimum perturbation random initialization, multi-point crossover, and greedy mutation are designed to expand the search scope and improve the search efficiency. In addition, a profit-oriented local search algorithm is introduced into the SPEA2 to improve the convergence speed. Furthermore, an adaptive perturbation control strategy is adopted to improve the diversity of non−dominated solutions. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the MODMSA. The simulation results show that the MODMSA outperforms other comparison algorithms in terms of solution quality and diversity, which demonstrates that the MODMSA is promising for practical EOS systems.

In the present study, 104 sets of flexural tests on corroded prestressed concrete (CPC) beams were gathered from different publications. A flexural strength database for CPC beams was created by incorporating standardized concrete strength and the corrosion rate of prestressed steel. This database enables the analysis of the impact of different factors on the flexural capacity, such as the beam’s width and effective depth, concrete compressive strength, shear span ratio, the prestressed steel’s corrosion level, prestressing ratio (PPR), and the effective prestress. The findings show that the flexural strength of the CPC beams is notably influenced by variations in beam width, shear span ratio, and the prestressed steel’s corrosion level and prestressing ratio compared to other parameters. Furthermore, a comparison was conducted of the Chinese code, Eurocode and ACI standard for evaluating the flexural strength of CPC beams using the established database. It shows that the three design codes overestimate the flexural strength of CPC beams, and it is unsafe to predict flexural strength using these three codes without taking into account the impact of corrosion. Finally, a practical model based on the ACI standard is suggested to provide precise and reliable predictions across a diverse set of test data.

Pre-grouting is an effective method to reinforce fractured coal in front of working faces. The mining of adjacent working faces after grouting can cause early damage to the grouting cemented coal. To explore the mechanical properties of grouting cemented coal with different degrees of early damage, we designed and built a grouting equipment that was used on fractured coal to produce grouting cemented coal. In total, 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of the uniaxial compressive strength of complete coal were applied to the grouting cemented coal to produce early damage. The uniaxial compressive test, digital image correlation technology (DIC), acoustic emission (AE), and scan electron microscopy (SEM) were used to explore the changes in the mechanical properties of the grouting cemented coal with different early disturbance, and the surface and internal failure modes of the samples were investigated. The results show that with an increase in the early damage degree from 0% to 60%, the strength of the grouting cemented coal samples first increased and then decreased. Moreover, when the damage degree was 40%, the strength of the grouting cemented coal reached a maximum, which increased by 24.38% compared to that of the grouting cemented coal without damage. Under the low degree of damage, the samples exhibited tensile failure. As the damage degree increases, the samples’ failure mode changes to shear and mixed failure mode, and the breakdown speed increases. Internal crack propagation mostly occurred during the failure stage. As the damage degree increased, the failure stage increased, and the grouting cemented coal exhibited plastic characteristics. However, when the early damage degree increased to 60%, the samples exhibited typical brittle failure characteristics. The microstructure results show that the low degree of early damage for the samples is conducive to the infiltration of the slurry in coal, improving the grouting reinforcement effect. A large degree of early damage can lead to internal structural damage and strength degradation in grouting cemented coal.

The low light absorption efficiency has seriously hindered the application of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanosheets in the field of optoelectronic devices. Various approaches have been used to improve the performance of TMDC nanosheets. Preparation of one-dimensional TMDC nanoscrolls in combination with photoactive materials has been a promising method to improve their properties recently. In this work, we report a facile method to enhance the optoelectronic performance of TMDC nanoscrolls by wrapping the photoactive organic dye rhodamine (R6G) into them. After R6G molecules were deposited on monolayer TMDC nanosheets by the solution method, the R6G/MoS2 nanoscrolls with lengths up to hundreds of microns were prepared in a short time by dropping a mixture of ammonia and ethanol solution on the R6G/MoS2 nanosheets. The as-obtained R6G/MoS2 nanoscrolls were well characterized by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to prove the encapsulation of R6G. There are multiple type II heterojunction interfaces in the R6G/MoS2 nanoscrolls, which can promote the generation of photo-induced carriers and the following electron–hole separation. The separated electrons were transported rapidly along the axial direction of the R6G/MoS2 nanoscrolls, which greatly improves the efficiency of light absorption and photoresponse. Under the irradiation of an incident 405 nm laser, the photoresponsivity, carrier mobility, external quantum efficiency, and detectivity of R6G/MoS2 nanoscrolls were enhanced to 66.07 A/W, 132.93 cm2V−1s−1, 20,261%, and 1.25 × 1012 cm·Hz1/2W−1, which are four orders of magnitude higher than those of monolayer MoS2 nanosheets. Our work indicates that the R6G/TMDC hybrid nanoscrolls could be promising materials for high-performance optoelectronic devices.

Abstract Kalium channelrhodopsin 1 from Hyphochytrium catenoides (HcKCR1) is a light-gated channel used for optogenetic silencing of mammalian neurons. It selects K+ over Na+ in the absence of the canonical tetrameric K+ selectivity filter found universally in voltage- and ligand-gated channels. The genome of H. catenoides also encodes a highly homologous cation channelrhodopsin (HcCCR), a Na+ channel with >100-fold larger Na+ to K+ permeability ratio. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy to determine atomic structures of these two channels embedded in peptidiscs to elucidate structural foundations of their dramatically different cation selectivity. Together with structure-guided mutagenesis, we show that K+ versus Na+ selectivity is determined at two distinct sites on the putative ion conduction pathway: in a patch of critical residues in the intracellular segment (Leu69/Phe69, Ile73/Ser73 and Asp116) and within a cluster of aromatic residues in the extracellular segment (primarily, Trp102 and Tyr222). The two filters are on the opposite sides of the photoactive site involved in channel gating.

Abstract Background Chronic refractory wounds easily relapse and seriously affect the patients’ quality of life. Previous studies have shown that stromal vascular fraction gel (SVF-gel) significantly promotes the early healing of chronic wounds; however, the mechanisms of SVF-gel function per se remain unclear, and a long-term follow-up is lacking. This study aims to explore the mechanisms of SVF-gel promoting the healing of chronic wounds and follow up the long-term efficacy of SVF-gel. Methods Autologous SVF-gel transplantation was performed in 20 patients with chronic wounds (from March 2016 to September 2019), and the size of the wound before and after SVF-gel transplantation was observed. The conditioned medium (CM) was harvested from SVF-gel under serum-free, serum-deprivation and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) microenvironment in vitro, respectively. The concentration of the growth factors in the two kinds of gel-CM was tested, and their effects on the proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were detected. Results All patients had 100% wound closure eventually, and the average time to complete closure was 28.3 ± 9.7 days. The time of follow-up ranged from 2 to 6 years, and there was no wound recurrence. Interestingly, the concentrations of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 of the CM were higher in serum-free and serum-deprivation condition than in 10% FBS microenvironment (p

Abstract To investigate whether the combination scheme of deep learning score (DL-score) and radiomics can improve preoperative diagnosis in the presence of micropapillary/solid (MPP/SOL) patterns in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). A retrospective cohort of 514 confirmed pathologically lung ADC in 512 patients after surgery was enrolled. The clinicoradiographic model (model 1) and radiomics model (model 2) were developed with logistic regression. The deep learning model (model 3) was constructed based on the deep learning score (DL-score). The combine model (model 4) was based on DL-score and R-score and clinicoradiographic variables. The performance of these models was evaluated with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared using DeLong's test internally and externally. The prediction nomogram was plotted, and clinical utility depicted with decision curve. The performance of model 1, model 2, model 3 and model 4 was supported by AUCs of 0.848, 0.896, 0.906, 0.921 in the Internal validation set, that of 0.700, 0.801, 0.730, 0.827 in external validation set, respectively. These models existed statistical significance in internal validation (model 4 vs model 3, P = 0.016; model 4 vs model 1, P = 0.009, respectively) and external validation (model 4 vs model 2, P = 0.036; model 4 vs model 3, P = 0.047; model 4 vs model 1, P = 0.016, respectively). The decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that model 4 predicting the lung ADC with MPP/SOL structure would be more beneficial than the model 1and model 3 but comparable with the model 2. The combined model can improve preoperative diagnosis in the presence of MPP/SOL pattern in lung ADC in clinical practice.

Although zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have bright prospects in wide fields like gas storage/separation, catalysis and medicine, etc., their large-scale applications are bottlenecked by the absence of their low-cost commercial production technique. Here, we report an unconventional method suitable for environmentally friendly and low-cost mass-production of ZIFs. In this method, taking the synthesis of ZIF-8 as an example, ZnO was used instead of Zn(NO3)2 in traditional solvent synthesis methods and CO2 was introduced to dissolve ZnO in aqueous solution of 2-methylimidazole (HMeim) and form water soluble salt ([ZnMeim]+[MeimCOO]-) at room temperature. Then, by removing CO2 through heating or vacuuming, Meim-ions are produced and instantaneously assemble with [ZnMeim]+s to generate ZIF-8 without any by-product. Due to the absence of strong acid anions (such as NO3− and Cl− et al.) in solution, the washing of filter cake required in the conventional approaches could be omitted and the filtrate containing only water and HMeim could be reused completely. This method is really green as no waste gas or liquid generates because CO2 and water could be recycled perfectly. It overcomes almost all bottlenecks occurred in commercial production of ZIF-8 when using traditional methods. A pilot plant was established for mass-production of ZIF-8 and hundreds kilograms of ZIF-8 was produced, which indicates that the new method is not only environmentally friendly but also low cost and commercial accessibility. It is expected that the new method would open an avenue for commercial applications of ZIFs.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of supplemental β-alanine feeding on the athletic performance of Yili horses involved in speed racing, focusing on alterations in plasma free amino acid patterns pre and post exercise. Additionally, the research aimed to evaluate the effects of carnosine on the plasma acid–base buffering capacity and antioxidant levels in these horses. Twelve Yili horse stallions, averaging 3 years in age and 346.50 ± 21.39 kg in weight, were chosen and randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a test group, each comprising six horses. The control group received a supplementation of 300 mg/kg BW/day of α-alanine, while the test group received 300 mg/kg BW/day of β-alanine. This supplementation regimen was maintained for a 30-day supplementation trial period, under identical feeding and management conditions. Throughout the trial, the horses participated in the 1,000 Speed Race, and three distinct blood samples were gathered for assessing plasma free amino acids, blood gases, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant parameters. The outcomes indicated a considerable enhancement in the 1,000 m exercise performance of the speed racing Yili horses in the test group compared to the control group, showcasing a noteworthy improvement of 12.01%, with the test group completing the race 13.29 s faster. Notably, the α-alanine content in the plasma of the control group Yili horses remained higher than that of the test group, demonstrating a consistent increasing trend. By contrast, the plasma β-alanine content was notably higher in the test group than in the control group. Over the course of the supplementation period, plasma β-alanine exhibited an escalating and then stabilizing trend in the test group, whereas in the control group, although β-alanine content also increased, the trend was less pronounced. The plasma levels of histidine and carnosine showed minimal variance between the two groups. Overall, the test group of Yili horses exhibited slightly higher plasma levels of histidine and carnosine compared to the control group. The addition of β-alanine to their diet for a duration of 30 days notably affected the plasma levels of amino acids both pre- and post-exercise in speed-racing Yili horses. Furthermore, β-alanine demonstrated an inhibitory effect on the catabolism of these horses’ bodies during high-intensity exercise. Ten marker amino acids, including valine, leucine, β-alanine, isoleucine, carnosine, 3-methyl-histidine, lysine, ethanolamine, argnine, and taurine, displayed statistically significant changes. β-alanine notably increased the blood glucose levels of Yili horses and played a role in expediting the restoration of blood gas levels post-exercise. Moreover, in the test group of Yili horses, the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity significantly increased both before and after the race, while the content of malondialdehyde, an oxidation product, exhibited an extremely significant decrease immediately after the race. These outcomes suggest that the addition of β-alanine significantly augmented antioxidant levels during high-intensity exercise in Yili horses. Consequently, it reduced post-exercise injuries and accelerated the recovery process after exercise.

In this study, a biomass gasification process model based on the Gibbs free energy minimization principle is established to determine the optimal parameters of biomass gasification. Without affecting the product composition, the impact of the use of high-temperature syngas to heat the biomass and gasification agent on the thermal load of the system was discussed, aiming to reduce the overall energy consumption of the system by optimizing the energy flow.The results show that when the gasification temperature is 750 °C, the mass flow ratio of gasification agent to biomass is 1/1, and the pressure is 1 atm, the product quality is the best. Under the above conditions, using high-temperature synthesis gas to heat the gasification agent (steam) is more conducive to reducing energy consumption than using high-temperature synthesis gas to heat biomass. When two regenerators are set to heat biomass and gasification agent at the same time, it is found that the effect of heating gasification agent after heating biomass is better than heating gasification agent first, and the system heat load is reduced by up to 32.47 %, that is, about 1.83 kW.