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11 Páginas.-- 3 Figuras.-- 3 Tablas, The color of virgin olive oils, ranging from intense green to brown-yellow, is one of the main selection factors for consumers and a quality criterion in specific legislations. Such coloration is due to their chlorophyll content and depends on the composition of the olive fruit. Through analytical chemistry (HPLC-hrMSn), biochemistry (enzymatic activity), and molecular biology (qRT-PCR) approaches, we have analyzed the origin of the differences in the chlorophyll content among several varieties of olive fruit throughout their ripening process. The higher chlorophyll biosynthetic capacity in olive fruits is due to the enzyme protochlorophyllide reductase, whereas chlorophyll degradation is accomplished through the stay-green and pheophytinase pathways. For the first time, the implication of chlorophyll dephytylase during the turnover of chlorophylls in fruit is shown to be responsible for the exclusive accumulation of dephytylated chlorophyll in Arbequina fruit. The multiomics results excluded the in vivo participation of chlorophyllase in chlorophyll degradation in olive fruits., This work was supported by the CICYT-EU [ALI 2015-63890-R] and is part of the project RTI2018-095415-B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe.”

O presente trabalho relata as atividades envolvidas no planejamento e construção de tanques para produção de Azolla sp., planta aquática com potencial de uso para alimentação de aves. As ações ocorreram em Capão do Leão e São Lourenço do Sul, municípios na zona Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram construídos dois modelos, um externo aos piquetes de criação (Capão do Leão) e um interno aos mesmos (São Lourenço do Sul). Percebeu-se rápida propagação da Azolla nos tanques e preenchimento completo dos mesmos após cerca de 14 dias de cultivo. O sombreamento foi fundamental para o bom desenvolvimento da Azolla e manutenção de sua coloração esverdeada. Ausência de sombra promoveu alterações de cor e aumento na população de outras espécies vegetais. Houve excelente aceitação da Azolla pelas galinhas. Fornecer Azolla dentro dos piquetes resultou em consumo exagerado, promovendo queda drástica na população vegetal, a qual demorou para se restabelecer e passou a competir com outras espécies. Percebeu-se melhor controle e manutenção da população de Azolla quando o tanque foi construído na área externa aos piquetes, embora, nesse caso, o fornecimento venha a requerer maior mão de obra. O baixo custo, rápida propagação e facilidade de cultivo de Azolla podem vir a encorajar outros criadores a cultivá-la como fonte nutricional para suas galinhas.

The study was done to analyze the effects of various blanching conditions on nutritional quality of differently dried green peas using three different methods namely, open sun drying, cabinet drying and drying in solar dehydrator. Samples were analyzed for various parameters such as, moisture content, rehydration ratio, linear shrinkage ratio, green color ratio, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, microbial load and sensory analysis. Various mathematical models were used to study the drying behavior of green pea samples. With the help of various statistical parameters, the best model for different drying conditions was found out. Chemically blanched peas dried in cabinet dryer were considered best among all the treated peas dried under different drying conditions and least acceptance was given to un-blanched open sun dried peas. Quality and acceptability of solar dried peas were higher than open sun drying but lower than cabinet drying. While considering models, Logarithmic model gave a very good performance on all the statistical parameters. So, it can be used to predict the drying behavior of green peas.

Banana is tropical fruit contain health nutrition and fiber. Dwarf banana is one of type banana that well growth in Indonesia, particularly in Lampung Province. However, its economic value become exported commodities is limited by its short shelf life. In this study, the physicochemical changes were observed under vacuum packaging storage, in order to know the potency of vacuum packaging to prolong the shelf life of dwarf banana. The results showed that the vacuum packaging could reduce weight loss compare to other treatments. The maintenance of green color by vacuum packaging was also showed positive result. Furthermore, the dwarf banana under vacuum packaging storage was also showed lowest TSS, in other words, the dwarf maturity could be delayed. These results suggested the vacuum packaging could be used as potential packaging for dwarf banana Keywords: dwarf banana, vacuum packaging, postharvest, physicochemical properties

"ULVA" NATURAL MARKING TECHNIQUES DEVELOPMENT IN ABALONE CULTURE (Haliotis squamata) By Gusti Ngurah Permana , , Ibnu Rusdi a, Gigih Satria Wibawa a and Iwan Setyabudi b Tagging is used to obtain some information during the process of selecting and managing population of abalone shells, Haliotis squamata. This research was conducted to determine the natural marker method of abalone, (H. squamata). The samples were used of total length of the shell (initial average: 0.8 ± 0.2 mm). Seed tagging using the Ulva sp. performed by giving a sequence of feed at the age of: 2-3 months (Ulva sp.), 3-4 months (Gracilaria sp.), 5-6 months (Ulva sp.), 6-10 months (Gracillaria sp.) and control 2 months (Ulva sp.), 3-10 months (Gracilaria sp.). The results of this study indicated that the tagging of the seeds with the Ulva method has a same growth pattern in both treatment and control (38.93 ± 1.5 mm; 39.47 ± 1.44 mm). The effectiveness of Ulva tagging is seen in toca color finder (TC. 4103 green) and (TC 8135 brown), more sharpen in treatment compared to control. Ulva tagging technology can be applied to abalone seeds to see the sequence of the green color on the shell.

Purpose Would a green color label increase the dollar amount consumers are willing to pay for a green product? Would nature images (such as a leaf or flower) on the label have the same effect? This paper aims to examine the role of these labeling strategies in influencing consumer willing to pay. Design/methodology/approach Using a 2 × 3 experiment, the authors empirically test the research questions across two studies: in the controlled-lab setting with 160 students (Study 1) and in a field-setting with 268 consumers shopping at a grocery store (Study 2). Findings Results are consistent across both studies. Surprisingly, participants are willing to pay more for the product when it has a white-toned label rather than a green-toned one. Follow-up path analysis, with Study 2 data, reveals that a white-toned label has both an indirect (through more favorable evaluations of the product’s environmental friendliness), as well as a direct impact on willingness to pay. In providing a post hoc explanation, it is argued that a white-toned label better directs attention towards the claim signaling the product’s eco-friendliness, while providing a “clean”, “high-quality” look. In both studies however, nature images on the label did not have a significant effect. Practical implications Insights are particularly interesting for practitioners seeking to better label/package green products. Originality/value This investigation is the first to empirically examine how color and images on the label influence the dollar amount consumers are willing to pay for a green product. Findings reveal that counter to common belief, the heavy use of the color green on eco-friendly product labels might not be appropriate; a predominantly white-toned label works better.

The piezochromic fluorescence (FL) of a distyrylpyrazine derivative, 2,3-diisocyano-5,6-distyrylpyrazine (DSP), was investigated in this study. Depending on the recrystallization method, DSP afforded two different crystals with green and orange FL emission. The orange color FL emission crystal (O-form) was easily converted to the green color FL emission one (G-form) by manual grinding. The G-form was also converted to a slightly different orange color FL emission crystal (RO-form) by a weak UV irradiation. When the RO-form was ground again, the G-form was regenerated. The FL colors changed between the G- and RO-forms over several ten times by repeated mechanical grinding and UV irradiation. The FL, UV–visible, 1H-NMR and XRD results showed that the O (or RO)-to-G transformation induced by mechanical stress results from the change of degree of molecular stacking from dense molecular stacking structure to relatively loose molecular stacking structure, whereas the G-to-RO reconversion by UV irradiation results from return to dense molecular stacking structure again due to lattice movement (lattice slipping) allowed by photocycloaddition in solid-state.

This research aims to assist the police institution in preventing theft crimes that increased during the Covid-19 period by mapping areas prone to theft crimes based on the incident's location and the level of intensity of theft crimes. This research is empirical, managed quantitatively by collecting data through documentation and literature study. The results showed an increase in the number of theft crimes by 42.65% in Makassar City during the six months of the coronavirus pandemic period. This research also succeeded in mapping the locations prone to theft crimes, mostly in residents' homes rather than in the business center, the central area of money circulation. The research results also show that almost all sub-districts in Makassar City are the places where theft crimes occur, dominated by medium and high categories symbolized by red, yellow, and green color. This study recommends that police institutions pay more attention to residential areas, which are the areas where theft crimes most occur during the pandemic period. Furthermore, this research implies that it can become a reference for the police institution to prepare efforts to prevent theft crimes in Makassar City and other areas during the Covid-19 period

Leaf Color Chart (LCC) is a measurement tool that can be used to measure the color intensity of rice leaves. The function of these measurements is to find out how many doses of fertilizer are needed by rice plants. However, readings made by human vision have a high level of subjectivity and risk of error. Therefore we need a method that can minimize errors and the level of subjectivity. One method that can be done is to classify the green color of rice leaves using LAB color space. Rice leaf image taken using a smartphone device is then extracted in RGB format. The color is then converted to LAB color space and then compared to the standard green color in the LCC. The comparison results are then used to classify the colors. The testing results show that the method has the value of accuracy, average precision, and average recall of 54.74%, 54.44%, and 51.16% respectively. Therefore the method can only classify correctly half of the data testing.

This research aims to "know the manufacturing process, applied motifs, and colors used in bamboo woven crafts products". The method of research done is a descriptive method. Samples are used only 5 types of products, of each 5 of these types are taken 2 samples of the product. Up to 10 total samples. The population in this study totaled about 1 million products from 15 product types produced. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. The results of this research show that the process of making crafts woven bamboo in Sanggar creative "Sunflower" Village Rambung Barat, District South Binjai in the outline has 4 stages, namely the provision of tools and materials, processing of raw materials, process of workmanship, and finishing process. Motif applied to the handicrafts woven bamboo is a motif of a single base (sasaq), a motif of the double basic woven (braid), and hero eye motif. The color used in bamboo woven crafts are bamboo color (basic natural color), red color (primary color), green color (secondary color), a combination of red and green color (complementary color), as well as black color (the color is produced from mixing thinner and grand flour).

We have compared two explanations for poor peripheral binding. Binding is the ability to assign the correct features (e.g., color, direction of motion, orientation) to objects. Wu, Kanai, and Shimojo (Nature, 429(6989), 262, 2004) showed that subjects performed poorly on binding dot color with direction of motion in the periphery. Suzuki, Wolfe, Horowitz, and Noguchi (Vision Research, 82, 58-65, 2013) similarly showed that subjects had trouble binding color with line orientation in the periphery. These authors concluded that performance in the periphery was poor because binding is poor in the periphery. However, both studies used red and green stimuli. We tested an alternative hypothesis, that poor peripheral binding is in part due to poor peripheral red/green color vision. Eccentricity-dependent changes in visual processing cause peripheral red/green vision to be worse than foveal vision. In contrast, blue/yellow vision remains centrifugally more stable. We tested 9 subjects in a replication and extension of Suzuki and colleagues' line orientation judgment, in red and green, and in blue and yellow. There were three central conditions: (1) red (or blue) all horizontal, green (or yellow) all vertical; (2) red (or blue) all vertical, green (or yellow) all horizontal; or (3) random pairing of color and orientation. In both the red/green and the blue/yellow color schemes, peripheral performance was influenced by central line orientation, replicating Suzuki and colleagues. However, the effect with blue/yellow lines was smaller, indicating that poor peripheral "binding," as hypothesized by both Wu and colleagues and Suzuki and colleagues, is due in part to their use of red and green stimuli.

FERTIRRIGAÇÃO E FERTILIZANTES DE LIBERAÇÃO GRADUAL PARA A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE GRAMADO ESPORTIVO LUCIANA MAIRA TIBÃES KAMIMURA¹; LEANDRO JOSÉ GRAVA DE GODOY² E ROBERTO LYRA VILLAS BÔAS1 ¹Departamento de Ciências Florestal, Solos e Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Avenida Universitária, nº 3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034 –Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: luciana.tibaes@hotmail.com; rlvboas@fca.unesp.br. ²Campus Experimental de Registro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Nelson Brihi Badur 430, Vila Tupy, 11900-000 Registro – SP, Brasil. E-mail: leandro.godoy@unesp.br 1 RESUMO O gramado esportivo requer cuidados para apresentar bom desenvolvimento e “jogabilidade”. O tipo de fertilizante e a forma de aplicação deste, interferem diretamente em sua qualidade. O objetivo com o presente trabalho foi de avaliar a adubação com fertilizantes de liberação gradual ou a fetirrigação, na implantação de gramado esportivo. O experimento foi em Botucatu, SP. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com grama zoysia Zeon e bermuda Celebration, como parcela principal, e cinco manejos de adubação (sem adubação; fertirrigação; com fertilizantes convencionais; com fertilizante de liberação lenta; com fertilizante de liberação controlada), nas subparcelas, de janeiro a junho de 2018. As características avaliadas foram: taxa de cobertura verde, índice de coloração verde escuro, índice de grama, altura do gramado, fitomassa da matéria seca das aparas, do estolão, rizoma e da raiz, e número de cortes. A grama Zeon apresentou maior taxa de cobertura verde e maior acúmulo de fitomassa de estolões e rizomas que a Celebration. A grama Celebration apresentou maior índice de grama e de cor verde escuro que a Zeon. O manejo com fertilizante convencional proporcionou os maiores valores das características de crescimento nas duas espécies, contudo exigiu mais mão de obra. Palavras-chave: adubação, Zoysia, bermuda, campos esportivos. KAMIMURA, L. M. T.; GODOY, L. J. G.; VILLAS BÔAS, R. L. FERTIGATION AND GRADUAL RELEASE OF FERTILIZERS FOR PLANTING OF SPORTS TURFGRASS 2 ABSTRACT Sports turfgrass requires care to show good development and "playability". The type of fertilizer and the way of application of this fertilizer directly interfere with its quality. The objective of the present work was to evaluate fertilizers of gradual liberation (slow or controlled) and fertigation in order to obtain higher quality of sport turfgrass. The experiment was conducted in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. The design was in randomized blocks, in subdivided plots, with Zeon and Celebration turf, as main plot, and five managements of fertilization (1. without fertilization, 2. fertigation, 3. fertilization with conventional fertilizers, 4. fertilization with fertilizer and 5. fertilization with controlled release fertilizer), in the subplots, and four replications, from January to June. The results were evaluated using the Green Index Rate, Dark Green Color Index, Grass Index, turfgrass height, Dry matter Phytomass, stolon, rhizome and root dry matter, root length and number of mowing. Zeon grass presented higher green cover rate, as well as higher dry matter accumulation of stolons and rhizomes than Celebration. Celebration grass presented grass index and dark green color index higher than those of Zeon. Management with conventional fertilizer provided the highest values of growth characteristics of the two species, but required more cuts and labor for application. Keywords: fertilization, zoyziagrass, bermudagrass, sports fields.

A simple portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was successfully used for in-situ and nondestructive identification of the painting materials in two 15th century icons from the Onufri Museum in Beart, Albania. The spectrometer is based on a low power X-ray tube, a thermoelectrically cooled Si PIN detector and the spectrum acquisition system. It was assembled and adjusted at our laboratory for the investigation of the icons. A small number of pigments were clearly identified by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) measurements in both icons. This includes Lead white for the white color, gold and yellow ochre for the yellow color, red lead, cinnabar and red ochre for the red color, as well as cooper based pigments for the green color. At the same time, the investigation raised some new questions that need further investigations by the use of additional analytical techniques. The results show that in both icons are used similar pigments, which are in accordance with the Byzantine icon painting tradition.

This research is focused on a modern technique and offers a framework that maximizes the concept of the efficient landscape that focused on microalgae technology. Industrial areas have become a threat to most of the countries; particularly unused industrial areas represent a wide area. as a result, it has become a time bomb, so scientists and designers have gone to search for the most efficient ways of using green microalgae to solve this issue and combine it with the elements of landscape features where green microalgae can be grown within open ponds (Open Race Way Ponds) in the industrial areas to become a tool with two advantages: organic green fuel (Productive Landscape),also algae represents an aesthetic view through the various green color tones and movement of microalgae in its various colors drawing a rainbow on the ground and you will saw it on its natural green radiation at night (Natural Green (Nightscape)). All of this needs wastewater or salty water and carbon dioxide, solar radiation as inputs for algae breeding, i.e. waste transfer to useful urban potentials (Positive to Negative and thus the industrial spaces will be converted to human spaces and this represent the main objective for the research that radiate vitality day and night and become a source of oxygen, where algae produce 6 times the oxygen of trees. Through this research, a framework will be presented to use these strains in the spaces of industrial areas as a new approach in the landscape trends and theme.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la composición química y la degradabilidad in situ (DIS) de la materia seca (MS) y orgánica (MO) de la vaina de mezquite a distinto estado de madurez en la localidad de Usmajac del municipio de Sayula, Jalisco, México. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: a) vaina tierna (VT); de coloración verde fuerte y con semillas aun en formación; b) vaina madura (VM); de coloración morado intenso con líneas verdes y textura blanda; y c) vaina seca (VS); coloración morado pálido, con las semillas completamente formadas, una vaina gruesa y textura dura. La composición química de las vainas fue evaluada; para la DIS se utilizaron dos novillos Holstein con cánula ruminal permanente para incubar por cuadriplicado cada uno de los tratamientos experimentales por 16, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 h. VT, tuvo el mayor contenido de proteína cruda, VM y VS presentaron mayor contenido de carbohidratos no fibrosos. Se encontraron diferencias (P < 0.05) entre tratamientos en la DIS de la MS, las vainas maduras tuvieron los valores más altos. Hubo diferencia entre tratamientos (P < 0.05) en la DIS de la MO, hasta las primeras 36 h, VT y VM mostraron los valores más altos, posterior a esta hora no hubo diferencia entre ellos (P > 0.05). De acuerdo con la composición química y la digestibilidad in situ de la vaina de mezquite, puede considerarse como una alternativa para la alimentación de rumiantes.

This essay tries to read the pandemic-afflicted (human) world in terms of post-human translation. In echoing Anna Tsing’s call for “collaborative survival,” it speaks in images of human-spiders in the forest who sense the radical isolation of humans and, thus, loss of proximity. One witnesses ill-treatment of various bodies: those that are economized, racialized, or nationalized. In this way, the essay proposes a post-human approach to distorted intimacies worldwide. It uses multimodal means of reflection: film, photography, sounds, and words. Through such a combination of nonverbal and verbal elements, the essay argues against the divisions of humans-culture-nature. It asks the reader to rethink how we could exist in equal mutuality.

(1) Background: Currently, some ampelographic methods are developing in order to identify grapevine varieties. For this purpose, morpho-colorimetric parameters in leaves have been analyzed by digital imagen analysis, but some environmental conditions may affect their determinations. (2) Methods: A research study was conducted to characterize leaf morpho-colorimetric parameters in five grapevine varieties growing under different plant water status and to discriminate them under these conditions. Leaves were collected in vines, and twelve leaf morpho-colorimetric and fractal dimension variables were assessed. (3) Results: Merlot presented the highest values of perimeter and area to perimeter ratio in leaves and higher leaf area than Chardonnay in both plant water conditions. Most of the leaf morpho-colorimetric variables allowed discriminating the grapevine varieties under the contrasted hydric conditions. Under non-water stress, Carmenère was not related to any measured parameters. Merlot was positively related to most of the leaf morphometric parameters, whereas Chardonnay presented the opposite behavior. RGB color system variables allowed discriminating the grapevine varieties under water stress conditions, and Sauvignon Blanc was not related to any measured parameter. Chardonnay and Pinot Noir were positively related to green color and negatively related to most of the leaf morphometric parameters, whereas Merlot showed the opposite behavior. (4) Conclusions: Leaf morpho-colorimetric and fractal dimension parameters were affected by plant water stress and more variables should be incorporated into the new ampelographic methods in order to characterize leaf morpho-colorimetric parameters of the different grapevine varieties more clearly.

Fingerprint is a technology that can be used to identify a person. The dusting method is most often used on latent fingerprints because it is relatively easy and simple. However, the composition of the ingredients used in latent fingerprint powder is toxic and can be hazardous to health. This research was carried out using a new natural powder from Suji leaf as a simple, non-toxic, and cheaper. Suji leaf powder produces a green color that comes from the chlorophyll compounds contained in it. This chlorophyll compound will bind to alanine to identify latent fingerprints. The particle sizes used in this study were of 60-200 mesh. The results found that the particle sizes of 100 and 200 mesh provided good green contrast and clear visualization of the fingerprint patterns. Meanwhile, at the particle size of 60 and 80 mesh, it was found that the results were not clear visualized. The highest percentage of fingerprint patterns based on blood group, gender and ethnicity was found in form of loops. The percentage of fingerprint patterns formed based on the highest was of O 31.1; B 12.2; AB 8.8; and A 6.6 percent. The highest percentage of fingerprint patterns formed by gender were of 45.5 for women and 13.3 percent for men. The highest percentage of fingerprint patterns formed by ethnicity were Malay 21.1, Batak 20, and Javanese 17.7 percent.

The yield of pepper with purple leaves (PF) is low, while the pepper with green leaves (GM) is not resistant to strong light and high temperature. In this study, we analyzed the photosynthesis characteristics and genetic stability of their hybrid progenies using PF(CS3) and GM(SJ11-3) as controls. Based on the decreased purple color and increased green color, the hybrid pepper was divided into five groups: Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 and Z5. Results showed that as the purple color increased, the anthocyanin content in leaves increased. Simultaneously, we found that PF exhibited higher resistance to strong light and high temperature. Thus, the purple hybrid progenies with higher photosynthetic rate were recommended, as they showed higher yield and better resistance to strong light and high temperature.

Aim: Urbanized environments may stimulate unhealthy food choices and stress. Several theories explain that exposure to green nature can counter these stress effects. Since we spend most time indoors, integrating nature in the interior could be a promising health promotion tool. Hence, we tested whether the beneficial effect of nature for stress recovery is also present in indoor settings via the use of plants or green colors, and whether it is applicable on eating behavior as a new outcome. Methods: The 92 participants (18-30y, 16% men) were divided into four groups. Each viewed a 6-min slideshow with room pictures containing either green plants, green objects, greyscale plants or greyscale objects to allow distinction between color- and plant-effects. Group differences were tested for the perceived restorativeness scale, psychological recovery and eating behavior. To allow psychological recovery testing, participants were exposed to a stressor before the picture slideshow via the Trier Social Stress Test. The change of self-reports (stress, positive and negative affect) and psychophysiology (heart rate and vagal-induced heart rate variability RMSSD) post-slideshow versus pre-slideshow was checked. Eating behavior outcomes included change in hunger, craving, and food choice (for fruits, vegetables and snacks). Results: From the four picture sets, the green plants pictures were reported as most mentally restorative and appeared most beneficial for post-stressor recovery of positive affect, but not for negative affect or stress recovery. The green plants group also had higher preference for vegetables and lower preference or craving for (unhealthy) snacks. Those significant group differences were mainly due to the presence of plants and only occasionally due to the green color. Conclusion: Indoor green plant pictures were associated with higher mental restorativeness and healthier food choices. Integrating plants in the interior seems to be a relevant health promotion approach, while applying green colors seems less relevant.

Siam Weed leaves can be used as natural dyes since they contain tannin compounds which give a brown color to the dyeing of fabrics. This study was conducted to utilize Siam Weed leaves as a natural dye substitute for synthetic cotton cloth and obtain dye from Siam Weed leaves in liquid form. The material used is a dyed cotton cloth with the extract of Siam Weed leaves. The variation of dipping time was 30 minutes and 13 hours. The types of fixators used were Ferrous Sulfate and Alum solution. The findings showed that the type of fixator can affect the color result of the fabric. The fixed fixator produces a dark green color while the Alum solution produces a yellow color. Based on the results of the dry rub test, the cloth that has been immersed in the dye for 13 hours and fixed by an Alum fixator produces the maximum color fastness value with a staining scale value of 5, 5, 5 (very good). Whereas in the wet rub test, the cloth that has been immersed in the dye for 13 hours and fixed with an Alum solution fixator produces good values with a range of values for the staining scale 4-5, 4-5, 4-5 (good). In the colorfastness test of washing cloth soap soaked for 30 minutes, the best dye fastness with a grayscale value of 4-5, 4-5, 4-5 (good). The type of fixator that has the best colorfastness in the washing test is the Alum fixator.

Color and light are the main factors in the car manufacturing industry, with not much research, conducted on this topic, related to employee physical comfort. The factor affecting employee work comfort is the color factor and lighting time in their workplace environment. Color is the light, reflected by an object, then interpreted by the eye based on the light that hits the object. The value of the color wavelength in the spectrum of 380 nm to780 nm impacts worker performance. Good lighting will affect whether or not the room’s light conditions affect the illumination’s value. A good working room condition will affect the physical comfort of employees. Employee physical comfort has developed in many previous studies. However, research on the configuration of colors and lighting in the manufacturing industry’s work environment is still underdeveloped. This research aims to measure and determine the impact of color and lighting at specific color wavelengths on the illumination value and the employee’s physical comfort. It starts with studying the color, light, human comfort, then examines the effect on the manufacturing industry employees’ performance in the wiring installation assembly industry. Color and light settings are proven essential to get better human comfort. Green color with a wavelength of 490 nm to 570 can increase the highest illuminate average lux value of 12.43 %. Yellow can increase the heart rate by 4.85 %, while green can reduce Diastole by 2.95 % and Systole by 1.29 %. Pupillary size changes L by 23.17 % and R by 21.43 %. The effect of green color and lighting time can increase the value of illumination and decrease heart rate, blood pressure, and pupil size so that it impacts the physical comfort of employees., Цвет и свет являются основными факторами в автомобильной промышленности, однако по этой теме, связанной с физическим комфортом сотрудников, проводилось немного исследований. Среди факторов, влияющих на комфорт работы сотрудников, цветовой фактор и время освещения на рабочем месте. Цвет – это свет, отраженный объектом, который затем интерпретируется глазом на основе света, падающего на объект. Значение длины волны цвета в спектре от 380 до 780 нм влияет на производительность труда. Хорошее освещение влияет условия освещения в комнате, на величину освещенности. Хорошее состояние рабочего помещения повлияет на физический комфорт сотрудников. Физический комфорт сотрудников был исследован во многих предыдущих исследованиях. Однако исследования конфигурации цветов и освещения в рабочей среде обрабатывающей промышленности все еще недостаточно развиты. Это исследование направлено на измерение и определение влияния цвета и освещения с определенной длиной волны цвета на величину освещенности и физический комфорт сотрудника. Оно начинается с изучения цвета, света, комфорта человека, а затем исследуется влияние на производительность работников обрабатывающей промышленности в отрасли электромонтажной сборки. Установки цвета и освещения имеют важное значение для повышения комфорта человека. Зеленый цвет с длиной волны от 490 до 570 нм может увеличить максимальное значение средней освещенности на 12,43 %. Желтый может увеличить частоту сердечных сокращений на 4,85 %, зеленый – уменьшить диастолу на 2,95 % и систолу на 1,29 %. Изменения раз мера зрачка Л на 23,17 % и изменение размера зрачка П на 21,43 %. Эффект зеленого цвета и времени освещения может увеличить яркость освещения и снизить частоту сердечных сокращений, артериальное давление и размер зрачка, что повлияет на физический комфорт сотрудников, Колір і світло є основними факторами в автомобільній промисловості, однак по цій темі, пов'язаної з фізичним комфортом співробітників, проводилося небагато досліджень. Серед факторів, що впливають на комфорт роботи співробітників колір і час освітлення на робочому місці. Колір – це світло, відбите об'єктом, яке потім інтерпретується оком на основі світла, що падає на об'єкт. Значення довжини хвилі кольору в діапазоні від 380 до 780 нм впливає на продуктивність праці. Гарне освітлення впливає на умови освітлення в кімнаті, на величину освітленості. Хороший стан робочого приміщення вплине на фізичний комфорт співробітників. Фізичний комфорт співробітників був досліджений в багатьох попередніх роботах. Однак дослідження конфігурації кольорів і освітлення в робочому середовищі обробної промисловості все ще недостатньо розвинені. Це дослідження спрямоване на вимір і визначення впливу кольору і освітлення з певною довжиною хвилі кольору на величину освітленості і фізичний комфорт співробітника. Воно починається з вивчення кольору, світла, комфорту людини, а потім досліджується вплив на продуктивність працівників обробної промисловості в галузі електромонтажної збірки. Установки кольору та освітлення мають важливе значення для підвищення комфорту людини. Зелений колір з довжиною хвилі від 490 до 570 нм може збільшити максимальне значення середньої освітленості на 12,43 %. Жовтий може збільшити частоту серцевих скорочень на 4,85%, зелений – зменшити діастолу на 2,95 % і систолу на 1,29 %. Зміна розміру зіниці Л на 23,17 % і зміна розміру зіниці П на 21,43 %. Ефект зеленого кольору і часу освітлення може збільшити яскравість освітлення і знизити частоту серцевих скорочень, артеріальний тиск і розмір зіниці, що вплине на фізичний комфорт співробітників.

The formation of an emulsion with reduced lipid content can cause instability in the product during storage, requiring adaptations in the formulation. The objective of this work was to analyze the stability of the creamy sauce of cryoconcentrated soymilk stored for 60 days. The creamy sauce was prepared and packed in polyethylene bottles, sealed with aluminum seals and kept at room temperature. In physicochemical analyzes was noticed that the proteins and ashes were similar in all the samples and small differences in moisture and lipids contents, the pH remained below 4.0 and the beginning of the lipid oxidation was not verified in the follow-up period. The color of sauce showed slight differences during storage, but it remained a clear food, with yellow and green color. The microstructure of creamy sauce stored for two months was not altered, presenting polydisperse structures, packed and very close. Thus, the efficiency of the associated use of soy proteins and xanthan gum in the formation and stabilization of the emulsion for 60 days was proven. Therefore, this creamy sauce can be an alternative to increase the consumption of soy proteins, in food with half the lipid level when compared to the traditional ones. La formación de emulsión con contenido de lípidos reducido puede provocar inestabilidad del producto durante el almacenamiento, requiriendo adaptaciones en la formulación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la estabilidad de la salsa cremosa de extracto de soja crioconcentrado almacenada durante 60 días. La salsa cremosa elaborada fue envasada en frascos de polietileno, sellados con precintos de aluminio y mantenidos a temperatura ambiente. En los análisis fisicoquímicos se observó que las proteínas y las cenizas eran similares en todas las muestras y pequeñas diferencias en la humedad y los lípidos, el pH se mantuvo por debajo de 4.0 y no se verificó el inicio de la oxidación de lípidos en el período de seguimiento. El color de la salsa mostró pequeñas diferencias durante el almacenamiento, pero siguió siendo un alimento amarillo claro y verde. La microestructura de la salsa cremosa almacenada durante dos meses no se alteró, mostrando estructuras polidispersas, empaquetadas y muy juntas. Así, se comprobó la eficacia del uso asociado de proteínas de soja y goma xantana en la formación y estabilización de la emulsión durante 60 días. Por tanto, esta salsa cremosa puede ser una alternativa para incrementar el consumo de proteínas de soja, en un alimento con la mitad del valor lipídico en comparación con los tradicionales. A formação de emulsão com reduzido teor lipídico pode ocasionar instabilidade do produto durante o armazenamento, necessitando de adaptações na formulação. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a estabilidade do molho cremoso de extrato de soja crioconcentrado armazenado por 60 dias. O molho cremoso elaborado foi acondicionado em frascos de polietileno, vedados com selos de alumínio e mantidos sob temperatura ambiente. Nas análises físico-químicas notou-se que as proteínas e cinzas foram similares em todas as amostras e pequenas diferenças em umidade e lipídios, o pH manteve-se menor que 4,0 e não foi verificado o início da oxidação lipídica no período de acompanhamento. A cor do molho apresentou pequenas diferenças durante a estocagem, mas continuou sendo um alimento claro de cor amarela e verde. A microestrutura do molho cremoso armazenado por dois meses não foi alterada, apresentando estruturas polidispersas, empacotadas e muito próximas. Sendo assim, a eficiência do uso associado das proteínas de soja e da goma xantana na formação e estabilização da emulsão durante 60 dias foi comprovada. Portanto, esse molho cremoso pode ser uma alternativa para aumentar o consumo de proteínas de soja, em um alimento com a metade do valor lipídico quando comparado aos tradicionais.

Background X-linked red-green color blindness is the most widespread form of vision impairment. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and allele frequencies of red-green color vision impairments among school children in Repi primary school in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was employed involving 2400 healthy subjects (females = 850 and males = 1550) in in Repi primary school. The Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic 24 plate edition was used to test the colour vision of students under natural day light condition. Results The prevalence of congenial colour vision deficiency (CCVD) was 2.29%; 50 (3.23%) males and 5 (0.56%) females were affected with CCVD. The frequencies of achromacy, deutan and protan in male subjects were 0.13%, 1.75%, and 0.50%, respectively. Both Deutan and protan were highest among students of Amhara ethnic origin 2.85 % and 1.08%, respectively. Conclusions The overall prevalence of CCVD found in the present study was lower compared to the previous studies done in Ethiopia. There was clear variation in the prevalence of color vision deficiency among students of various ethnic groups. Proper screening, education and counseling are needed to minimize impacts of CCVD in the country, and can also be beneficial for the affected subject in tackling difficulties in everyday work and for proper choice of future profession.

Family Orchidaceae has about 800 genera which are already difficult to find and almost extinct, including the orchid genus Grammatophyllum. A species of rare orchids, Grammatophyllum stapeliiflorum, is hard to find in original habitat. The addition of Growmore, BAP and 15% coconut water is expected to increase the growth and development of the G. stapeliiflorum orchid protocorms. This study use a Completely Randomized Design, consisting of 6 treatments (control, 1 and 3 mg/l BAP, 1 and 3 g/l Growmore, and 150 ml/l coconut water) in MS media with 5 replicates with observation for 4 weeks after planting. The results showed did not differ markedly in the number of protocorms, number of shoots and number of browning protocorms, but differ markedly in the parameter protocorm color based on DMRT test. Treatment of 3 mg/l BAP gives the best results on the number of shoots 2,60 protocorms and number of browning protocormss at the least amount 0,80 protocorms. The number of protocorms most widely on the treatment of 1 g/l Growmore 14,40 protocorms. Protocorms color is best found in 3 g/l Growmore with green color. This research managed to multiply the number of protocorms and induces protocorms shoots from Grammatophyllum stapeliiflorum orchid.

Lunasia amara Blanco bark belonging to the family Rutaceae. The research aimed to determine the effect of extraction method on yield value and phenolic content of bark extract of Lunasia amara Blanco by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Sample was extracted by maceration, reflux, and soxhlet using methanol 70%. The extraction by maceration obtained the yield value of methanol extract of 2,352%; the reflux method of 1,611%; and the soxhlet method of 0,960%. Then the chemical content was identified by the addition of FeCl3 reagent and a blackish green color was formed positively indicating phenolic content. Afterward, phenolic identification was conducted by TLC with eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate (2:8) containing phenolic because the Rf value was the same as the galic acid standard. The results showed that the extraction method producing the highest yield of bark extract of Lunasia amara Blanco was maceration. The phenolic content obtained by maceration was 66,548 mgGAE/g extract with 6.6548% GAE; the reflux was 73.645 mgGAE/g extract with 7.3645% GAE; and the soxhlet was 74.806 mgGAE/g extract with 7.4806% GAE.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of processing techniques on the characteristics of green and red chilli powder. Four samples, such as pretreated green chilli paste (PTGP), pretreated green chilli longitudinal slit (PTGL), pretreated whole red chilli (PTWR) and untreated green chilli paste (UTGP), were prepared and dried at 60 °C in a cabinet dryer. The pretreatment was blanching in acetic acid solution and soaking immediately in a combined solution of Na(2)S(2)O(5) and CaCl(2). Pretreated samples took a shorter drying time than the untreated sample in reducing moisture content from 86.31 to 8%. Pretreatment before drying resulted in retaining total chlorophyll (~ 86%), phenolic compounds (~ 32%), green color, and pungency of chilli. Analysis result indicated that more than 60% retention of β-carotene was found while retention of ascorbic acid was comparable. Conclusively, this research reveals a good nutritional profile in cabinet dried green chilli powder, which may open the scope for commercial production.

Chlorophyll has long been used as a green colorant for food and non-food applications. One source of chlorophyll is suji ( Dracaena angustifolia (Medik.) Roxb.) leaf. The suji leaf chlorophyll has advantages and unique characteristics compared to the other chlorophyll sources that potential to be developed as a natural colorant. However, chlorophyll is easily degraded due to enzymatic and environmental factors. During processing and storage, the chlorophyll structure changes to its derivative compounds which are no longer green. Several attempts have been done to maintain the quality of the green color and quantity of chlorophyll contained in suji leaves. The formation of metallo-chlorophyll and development of suji leaf powder colorant have not been able to match the quality and quantity of its extract. These constraints become a challenge in the development of suji leaves as a natural colorant.

Breeding of high-tech varieties of vegetable peas is a priority ефыл selection at the present stage. The main requirement of processing enterprises is full and timely loading of production lines with high-quality raw materials. Peas should be aligned in size, of intense green color with high biochemical parameters. Therefore, the newly created varieties should combine a number of characteristics: high and stable yields, simultaneous ripening, resistance of the stem to lodging, resistance to most common diseases. The combination of these features allows to realize the potential of the culture fully, and to find wide application in production for created varieties. Since the 80s of the last century, FSBSI «FSVC» (Moscow region) has been actively working to increase the suitability of vegetable pea varieties for mechanized harvesting. Since these years, a number of varieties with strong shortened internodes and stem height not more than 80-90 cm have been created. Reducing plant height has improved the manufacturability of vegetable pea varieties, the stems resistance to lodging during the technical stage of ripeness has been significantly increased. However, in the biological stage of ripeness, the stem degree of lodging has been preserved, which creates additional difficulties in the seed production of vegetable peas. Since 2008, the direction of breeding has been adjusted to improve the stems resistance to lodging in combination with other economically significant traits (determinant type of growth, mustache type of leaf, green color of peas, duration of the technical stage of ripeness). As a result of this work, new varieties Cruiser, Viking, Triumph, Corsair, Barin, Hercules, Egorka have been created. The work is to introduce these varieties into production is being carried.

Dynamic tuning upconversion color is the most convenient approach through modulation of pump power density and NIR wavelength for anti-counterfeiting. However, most of bulk upconversion systems suffer from the insensitive response to excitation power and NIR wavelength (980 nm and 1550 nm). Herein, we demonstrate that the excitation power density sensitivity and NIR wavelength sensitivity of bulk microcrystals could be improved via co-doping Li+/Lu3+ ions. More interestingly, co-doping ions with different valences affect the emission color tendency at 1550 nm excitation, which is contrary to previous reports. The emission color of bulk NaYF4:Er/Yb/Li/Lu microcrystals transform from yellow to bright green color through adjusting pump power density and pump wavelength (980 nm and 1550 nm). Moreover, the mechanism of the results has been systematically discussed. The tunable emission colors of bulk NaYF4:Er/Yb/Li/Lu microcrystals can be easily distinguished with naked eyes and difficultly counterfeited. Therefore, the upconversion materials have a promising application in transparent anti-fake printing.

Embora seja importante hortaliça condimentar em todo o mundo, existe pouca informação relativa à caracterização do crescimento e produtividade dos acessos de alho ‘Amarante’. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar características morfofisiológicas e produtivas de 20 acessos de alho ‘Amarante ‘do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH/UFV). O experimento foi conduzido a campo, no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Durante o ciclo, foram avaliadas as características morfológicas das plantas, intensidade da cor verde, análise de crescimento, índice de colheita e produtividade de bulbos. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias agrupadas pelo critério de Skott-Knott e estimado o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson entre características morfofisiológicas e produtividade de bulbo. Os acessos apresentaram comportamento diferencial durante as avaliações. Dentre esses, o BGH 7616 destacou-se por apresentar maiores área foliar, índice de colheita, massas de matéria seca de folhas, pseudocaule, bulbo e da planta inteira, resultando maiores produtividade total e comercial de bulbos. Maiores correlações foram encontradas entre produtividade total e duração de área foliar (r = 0,7263; p ( 0,01) no período de 87 a 114 dias após o plantio (DAP) e entre produtividade total e área foliar aos 87 DAP (r = 0,6442; p ( 0,01). Dentre todas as características avaliadas, a área foliar aos 87 DAP e a duração da área foliar no período de 87 a 114 DAP, foram as características morfofisiológicas que mais influenciaram a produtividade de bulbos de acessos de alho ‘Amarante’. Although it is an important vegetable used as a culinary ingredient around the world, there is little information on the characterization of growth and productivity of garlic cv. 'Amarante'. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological and productive characteristics of 20 accessions of 'Amarante' garlic from the Vegetable Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH/UFV). The experiment was conducted in the field, in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. During the garlic cycle, plants were evaluated for morphological characteristics, green color intensity, growth analysis, harvest index, and bulb productivity. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were grouped by the Skott-Knott criteria. The Pearson correlation coefficient was estimated between morphophysiological characteristics and bulb yield. The accessions presented different behavior during the evaluations. BGH 7616 stood out for showing the greatest leaf area, harvest index, dry mass of leaves, pseudostem, bulb, and whole plant, resulting in the greatest total and commercial bulb yield. The highest correlations were found between total yield and leaf area duration (r = 0.7263; p ( 0.01) from 87 to 114 days after planting (DAP) and between total yield and leaf area at 87 DAP (r = 0.6442, p < 0.01). Among the evaluated characteristics, the leaf area at 87 DAP and leaf area duration from 87 to 114 DAP were the morphophysiological characteristics that most influenced the bulb yield in 'Amarante' garlic.

Field research was conducted in 2017–2019 on “Princess 77” bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) to determine whether an amino acid based biostimulant program applied in the late season (October-November) and early season (March-April) could extend fall color retention (FCR) or hasten the spring green-up (SGU), respectively. Bermudagrass was treated with the biostimulant under five different managements: non-treated, 6 times at 5 L ha−1 weekly, 3 times at 5 L ha−1 in a 14-day interval, 6 times at 10 L ha−1 weekly, and 3 times at 10 L ha−1 in a 14-day interval. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and visual ratings (turf green color and percentage of green coverage in the subplot) were determined weekly, and turf clipping dry weight for the SGU studies. At the end of the FCR studies (2017 and 2018), there was no effect of the biostimulant, although, some isolated positive effects were detected during the experiment in 2017 on bermudagrass treated weekly at 10 L ha−1 for NDVI. However, there was a slight positive effect on SGU when this physiological process occurred slowly (year 2018) and the biostimulant was applied weekly at 10 L ha−1 (4.4 kg N ha−1), compared to another performed management and warmer years (2017 and 2019).

Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.) is the most widely used species in the European transition zone, however, despite its good wear tolerance, its use is still limited to lawns and landscape areas due to concerns about its ability to withstand low mowing regimes. A two years field study was conducted to access performance of twenty tall fescue cultivars (‘Ares’, ‘Armani’, ‘Dynamites LS’, ‘Firecracker SLS’, ‘Firewall’, ‘Foxhound’ ‘Granditte’, ‘JT-LT2′, ‘JT-338′, ‘Karakum’, ‘Lexington’, ‘Olympic Gold’, ‘Rebounder’, ‘Rhambler SRP’, ‘Starlett’, ‘Supersonic’, ‘Talladega’, ‘Thunderstruck’, ‘Titanium 2LS’, ‘Turfway’) mowed weekly at 18 mm. Turfgrass was evaluated every two weeks for visual quality, color, density, texture and uniformity, as well as percent green cover (PGC) and dark green color index (DGCI), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and traction twice per year. Although no cultivars showed sufficient quality throughout the year, ‘Turfway’, ‘Titanium 2LS’ and ‘JT-338’ achieved high quality rating during spring and fall, the two seasons with the highest frequency of games played on sports field in northern Italy. Traction ratings collected in these study fell within acceptable range for football fields. Our results suggest that improved dwarf-type tall fescue cultivars can be used in sport fields in Northern Italy.

The “color superiority effect” was confirmed by the research of color on forgetting, which showed that proactive interference (PI) has less impact on colored items than gray ones. Color could directly affect the buildup of PI, leading to reduced levels of interference, or controlled processes that resolve PI. However, the effects of red and green on memory were inconsistent. Using Recent-Probes task, the current study explored how the red and green color influenced to the buildup phase (i.e., 200ms after the onset of probe) and resolution phase (i.e. 800ms after the onset of probe) of PI. Results revealed that the reaction times of green words were significantly shorter than the red words under 200ms. There were no significant differences between the red and green words under 500ms and 800ms. It indicated that green might shortened the reaction times for the PI buildup, while red prolonged it. However, on the resolution phase of PI, green words were less effective than red words. These findings offered some new information for the underlying mechanisms that modulate the interactions between color and memory.

Edamame is a food-grade soybean that is harvested at the green-immature stage (R6) and sold fresh or frozen for consumption after steaming or boiling. Limited studies have been conducted on high-temperature sterilization of edamame in cans and on acid preservation of edamame. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the color retention and texture of edamame when pasteurized in acidic brine as compared to boiling, to assess the effect of sucrose and turmeric addition on acid-treated edamame, and to characterize varietal differences when edamame lines were pasteurized in an acidic brine at either R6 or R8 stage. All studies were conducted using industry-standard processing conditions for acid-preservation of food in glass containers. The results of this research indicated that acid processing caused losses in intensity of green color and hue, but much smaller than those reported when heat-processing edamame in cans. We also observed a small and borderline significant increase in texture (p = 0.0790) in acid-preserved samples. In addition, we found that green color is positively affected by the addition of turmeric to the brine, but not of sucrose. Finally, the varieties R07-589 (red-brown seed coat) and R09-345 (black seed coat) acid-processed at R8 had color and texture similar to canned in-kind substitute products. In conclusion, acid-preservation, and addition of turmeric to immature edamame, helped maintain an acceptable quality of the processed products.

Background: Stress has been seen to deteriorate normal physiological functions as well as the psychological functions of the brain. Medical students face a range of enduring normative stressors in the form of academic demands. This brings upon an amount of stress on the students which is related to the examinations and concerns with achieving high grades consequently referred to as academic-related stress. Thus, it becomes crucial to set upon a tool for measuring this stress in order to present methods for overcoming it. In the present study, one such method is evaluated by assessing the reaction time of first-year medical entrants. Material and Methods: The effect of stress on response time in 50 normal healthy medical students of Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur in the age group of 18 to 21 years was explored in the study. Visual Reaction Time was recorded through the computer program. Results: There was an increase in visual reaction time for the red color in both the sexes during stressful situations as compared to stress-free situations. While a decrease in Visual Reaction Time was seen for green color. A decreased auditory reaction time for both sexes was seen in stressful situations. Conclusion: The results revealed that stress within a limit facilitates positive feedback to Central Nervous System information processing consequently decreasing the reaction time.

Conventional continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) systems used in Urology have been labor-intensive and challenging for healthcare workers to manage consistently due to inter-observer variability in interpreting the blood concentration in the drainage fluid. The team has come up with a feedback system to control the saline flow-rate. It consists of a sensor probe that measures blood concentration in drainage fluid by measuring the light intensity absorbed by the samples. The other component is a gripper that adjusts the saline flow-rate based on the blood concentration detected. Results have shown that probe utilizing green color LED light can measure blood concentration between 0 and 18 percent. Besides, the gripper actuates to the blood concentration values detected accordingly. The quantification process reduces or even eradicates human error due to the subjective assessment of individual medical professionals.