96 results on '"Granato D"'
Search Results
2. Preference mapping of dulce de leche commercialized in Brazilian markets
- Author
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Gaze, L.V., Oliveira, B.R., Ferrao, L.L., Granato, D., Cavalcanti, R.N., Conte Júnior, C.A., Cruz, A.G., and Freitas, M.Q.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Postprandial glycemia in healthy subjects: Which probiotic dairy food is more adequate?
- Author
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Grom, L.C., primary, Rocha, R.S., additional, Balthazar, C.F., additional, Guimarães, J.T., additional, Coutinho, N.M., additional, Barros, C.P., additional, Pimentel, T.C., additional, Venâncio, E.L., additional, Collopy Junior, I., additional, Maciel, P.M.C., additional, Silva, P.H.F., additional, Granato, D., additional, Freitas, M.Q., additional, Esmerino, E.A., additional, Silva, M.C., additional, and Cruz, A.G., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Novel milk–juice beverage with fermented sheep milk and strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa): Nutritional and functional characterization
- Author
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Balthazar, C.F., primary, Santillo, A., additional, Guimarães, J.T., additional, Capozzi, V., additional, Russo, P., additional, Caroprese, M., additional, Marino, R., additional, Esmerino, E.A., additional, Raices, Renata S.L., additional, Silva, M.C., additional, Silva, H.L.A., additional, Freitas, M.Q., additional, Granato, D., additional, Cruz, A.G., additional, and Albenzio, M., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Trends in chemometrics and meat products
- Author
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Putnik, P, primary, Granato, D, additional, Gomes Da Cruz, A, additional, Ye Rodionova, O, additional, Pomerantsev, A, additional, Rocchetti, G, additional, Lucini, L, additional, and Bursac Kovacevic, D, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Fermented whey dairy beverage offers protection against Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in mice
- Author
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Cordeiro, M.A., primary, Souza, E.L.S., additional, Arantes, R.M.E., additional, Balthazar, C.F., additional, Guimarães, J.T., additional, Scudino, H., additional, Silva, H.L.A., additional, Rocha, R.S., additional, Freitas, M.Q., additional, Esmerino, E.A., additional, Silva, M.C., additional, Pimentel, T.C., additional, Granato, D., additional, Costa, R.G.B., additional, Cruz, A.G., additional, and Martins, F.S., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Effects of industrial by-products from orange, peach palm and soybean on the quality traits and antioxidant activity of flours: a response surface approach.
- Author
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Danesi, E. D. G., Granato, D., Iwassa, I. J., Pinzon, C., and Bolanho, B. C.
- Subjects
FLOUR ,ORANGES ,SOYBEAN ,PROTEINS ,PHENOLS - Abstract
By-products from different sources vary widely in their composition and their functional properties. The aim of this study was to produce industrial by-product flours from orange (OF), soybean (SF) and peach palm (PF), besides formulating and characterizing blends with the use of a simplex-centroid mixture design. The formulation containing 100% PF had the highest ash content (67.9 g.kg
-1 ), while the highest lipid (155.8 g.kg-1 ) and protein (268.2 g.kg-1 ) contents were found in the formulation that had 100% SF. Total dietary fiber content of the blends produced ranged from 577.7 to 728.5 g.kg-1 . The pH and the water activity varied from 4.1 to 6.7 and from 0.484 to 0.611, respectively, indicating stability and safety for consumption of the formulations. The highest swelling volume (20.8 mL.g-1), water and oil absorption (7.4 and 3.6 g.g-1, respectively) was found for 100% PF, which is important to the industrial applications. The simultaneous optimization showed that 100% OF is the most interesting formulation due to the best balance of insoluble to soluble fiber (2:1) and the highest total phenolic content (4.5 mg gallic acid.g-1) and antioxidant activity. However, the binary and ternary mixtures of by-product flours also had interesting functional properties, and they can be used for the development of healthier foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
8. Chemical composition, nutritional and in vitro functional properties of byproducts from the Brazilian organic grape juice industry.
- Author
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Karnopp, A. R., Margraf, T., Maciel, L. G., Santos, J. S., and Granato, D.
- Subjects
GRAPE juice ,CHEMICALS ,BIOACTIVE compounds ,LIPIDS ,ANTIOXIDANTS - Abstract
Grape juice and wines (Vitis sp.) are the products that are most produced and consumed from different varieties of grapes. About 20% of pomace is generated from processing but there are very few products available with added grape pomace. Consequently, the aim of this study was to characterize flours made from grape skin (GSF) and grape pomace (GPF: seeds + skin) from organic Vitis labrusca L. cv. Bordeaux with respect to physicochemical composition, bioactive compounds content and antioxidant/reducing capacities. The by-products presented a high content of insoluble fibers (55.84 ± 0.63 and 51.02 ± 1.12 g/100 g, respectively); total lipids contents below 10 g/100 g; and >1.900 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g total phenolic content, in which total ortho-diphenols, flavonols, anthocyanins and water-soluble condensed tannins were the main chemical compounds. Regarding the in vitro functionality, which was measured by chemical methods, the GPF and GSF presented values of 1373.64 ± 72.94 and 361.48 ± 2.99 mg GAE/100 g iron reducing capacity; 1574.26 ± 8.94 and 1499.79 ± 31.39 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g in the reduction of DPPH radical; and 2892.46 ± 61.69 and 426.34 ± 18.85 mg of quercetin equivalent/100 g of total reducing capacity, respectively. The results indicate that the GPF and GSF produced from the organic grape juice industry are promising materials for use by food companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
9. Chemical and biological evaluation of rejects from the wood industry
- Author
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Granato, D., Nunes, D. S., Patricia Mattos, Moura Rios, E., Glinski, A., Rodrigues, L. C., and Zanusso Jr, G.
- Subjects
chemical profile of woods ,microbiological evaluation ,Tropical woods - Abstract
Este estudo visa a caracterização química e a avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de extratos obtidos a partir de rejeitos resultantes do beneficiamento de madeiras nobres comercializadas no Paraná: Peroba-Rosa (Aspidosperma sp.), Roxinho (Peltogyne sp.), Jatobá (Hymenaea sp.), Curupixá (Micropholis sp.), Itaúba (Mezilaurus sp.), Cedrilho (Erisma sp.) e Imbúia-do-Norte (Licaria sp.), cujas identificações botânicas basearam-se em estudos anatômicos. Os extratos foram preparados com diversos solventes, analisados por CCD e espectrometria UV/VIS, testando-se contra: Proteus mirabilis ATCC15290, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Micrococcus luteus ATCC9341, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC13883, Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC27853, e Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans e Bacillus cereus isolados da clínica. O extrato etanólico de Peroba-Rosa, contendo alcalóides, apresentou atividade contra P. mirabilis. Os extratos metanólicos do Jatobá, Itaúba e Imbúia, contendo fenóis, e o extrato de Roxinho obtido com acetato de etila contendo fenóis e terpenóides, foram ativos contra K. pneumoniae, M. luteus, E. coli, S. aureus e P. mirabilis. Nenhum dos extratos foi ativo contra P. aeroginosa, S. mutans e E. aerogenes. Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T15:50:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 25300.pdf: 67759 bytes, checksum: 2d6b26bede358b48d6bccd0a16632b81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-01-24
- Published
- 2005
10. Modelling the thermal decomposition of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid using ordinary least square regression.
- Author
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Alberti, A., Granato, D., Nogueira, A., Mafra, L. I., Colman, T. A. D., and Schnitzler, E.
- Subjects
THERMAL analysis ,ISOTONIC regression ,CURVE fitting ,ARCH model (Econometrics) ,LEAST squares ,GALLIC acid - Abstract
Thermalgravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis were employed to study the thermal behavior of gallic acid using regression models. Data were subjected to ordinary least square regression models and results showed that thermal decomposition occurred in three main steps with two endothermic peaks and two exothermic peaks due to oxidation process. The dehydration started at 74°C in a single step until 107°C. After that, the anhydrous compound was stable until 210°C, when the decomposition of organic matter occurred in two consecutive steps. Regression models based on a first-order kinetic of gallic acid decomposition were proposed and equations were deemed statistically significant (p<0.05) and explained suitably the phenomenon. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) allowed the determination of the enthalpy of the main events and the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa non-isothermal method was used to investigate the activation energy of decomposition process that was found to be 150.31 kJ.mol
-1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
11. Effects of partially replacing skimmed milk powder with dairy ingredients on rheology, sensory profiling, and microstructure of probiotic stirred-type yogurt during cold storage
- Author
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Marafon, A.P., primary, Sumi, A., additional, Granato, D., additional, Alcântara, M.R., additional, Tamime, A.Y., additional, and Nogueira de Oliveira, M., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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12. Manufacture of low-sodium Minas fresh cheese: Effect of the partial replacement of sodium chloride with potassium chloride
- Author
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Gomes, A.P., primary, Cruz, A.G., additional, Cadena, R.S., additional, Celeghini, R.M.S., additional, Faria, J.A.F., additional, Bolini, H.M.A., additional, Pollonio, M.A.R., additional, and Granato, D., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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13. Processing optimization of probiotic yogurt containing glucose oxidase using response surface methodology
- Author
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Cruz, A.G., primary, Faria, J.A.F., additional, Walter, E.H.M., additional, Andrade, R.R., additional, Cavalcanti, R.N., additional, Oliveira, C.A.F., additional, and Granato, D., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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14. Life cycle analysis of a refurbished smartphone in Chile
- Author
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Wiche Pia, Pequeño Felipe, and Granato Danilo
- Subjects
Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
A complete life cycle analysis (LCA) of a refurbished high-end smartphone in Chile is conducted to find out its environmental impacts and evaluate potential advantages compared to a new one and a modular alternative. The functional unit is defined as the daily use of smartphone for 3 years, including audio, video, and internet. The results show that use and production phase are the most impactful (52,0% and 45,2%, respectively), but phases contribute differently depending on the impact category. It is also found that a refurbished smartphone presents 71% and 60% lower global warming potential than a new version and modular smartphone, respectively. The lower impacts of the refurbished alternative are due to the reutilization of the device avoiding the impacts related to material extraction and device production. However, it is not possible to assess the significance of these differences due to the lack of uncertainty analysis in other studies. In conclusion, refurbishing can avoid extraction and production phases which reduces environmental impacts. Yet, to appropriately compare different circular models, it is imperative to calculate and publish the uncertainty of LCA results.
- Published
- 2022
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15. Challenges to quantify the life cycle carbon footprint of buildings in Chile
- Author
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Wiche Pia, Rodríguez Droguett Bárbara, and Granato Danilo
- Subjects
carbon footprint ,building ,standards ,mrv ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
This study identifies key challenges to measure the carbon footprint (CF) over the whole life cycle of buildings in Chile, although its findings are also applicable to other countries. This paper presents four of the said challenges that emerge from the analysis of certification programs, design guides, databases, CF/LCA calculators, standards, and Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) programs worldwide. The four challenges are: (i) a sustainable governance for the carbon footprint system which ensures CF quality, enables regular updates of the data, and has guaranteed funding, (ii) adoption of the system by industry, (iii) standardization of reporting, and (iv) standardization of measurements over the full life cycle. An MRV appears as the best option to coordinate multiple actors and data needs; however, it requires a sustainable governance model as well as widespread adoption. Such an MRV would need a common reporting system. However, comparability may be compromised due to a lack of consensus on which standard to follow in the industry and on definitions for basic building measurements, such as area. The reporting system must be based on a standardized tool, i.e., a CF calculator for buildings. Many of these exist; however, they differ in a fundamental aspect: whether they are used to guide low carbon design or to certify carbon emissions by buildings. Finally, the calculator will need an agreed upon methodology. Although several standards exist, one must be chosen, updated and deployed. Some countries may be more advanced than others on these challenges, but none have solved them completely. A concerted effort would be best to reduce the CF of the construction sector globally.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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16. Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 shares carbohydrate-binding specificities with several enteropathogenic bacteria
- Author
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Neeser, J.-R., primary, Granato, D., additional, Rouvet, M., additional, Servin, A., additional, Teneberg, S., additional, and Karlsson, K.-A., additional
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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17. Experimental myasthenia in Balb/c mice immunized with rat acetylcholine receptor from rat denervated muscle.
- Author
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Granato, D A, Fulpius, B W, and Moody, J F
- Abstract
A new model of an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction was obtained by injection of acetylcholine receptor purified from rat denervated muscles into Balb/c mice. Anti-rat, then anti-mouse acetylcholine receptor antibodies, appear in mouse serum during the immunization procedure. Electrophysiological investigations performed on immunized mice reveal a neuromuscular block similar to that found in myasthenia gravis. Not a single mouse with objective signs of muscular weakness was lacking anti-mouse acetylcholine receptor antibodies but no correlation was found between their level and the severity of the disease.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
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18. Cynomorium songaricum: UHPLC/ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS analysis and mechanistic study on insulin sensitivity of a flavonoid-enriched fraction.
- Author
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Liu Z, Shang Q, Zuo H, Li H, Fang D, Zhang J, Huang HD, Granato D, Chen J, and Chen J
- Subjects
- Humans, Hep G2 Cells, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization methods, Gluconeogenesis drug effects, Molecular Docking Simulation, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Insulin metabolism, Glycogen metabolism, Glucose metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects, Insulin Resistance, Flavonoids pharmacology, Flavonoids chemistry, Cynomorium chemistry, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, posing a significant global health concern due to its increasing prevalence. Insulin resistance (IR) plays a major role in the development of T2DM and is often linked to factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Recently, there has been growing interest in exploring the potential of natural products for improving insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Among these, Cynomorium songaricum Rupr., an edible parasitic plant, has shown promising antidiabetic effects. However, research on its beneficial effects on IR is still nascent. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the application of a Cynomorium songaricum flavonoid-enriched fraction (CSF) in the treatment of IR in T2DM, along with elucidating the chemical and biochemical mechanisms involved., Method: First, UHPLC/ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was utilized to perform a chemical profiling of CSF. Subsequently, glycogen synthesis, gluconeogenesis and glucose consumption assays were conducted on HepG2 cells with a high glucose high insulin-induced IR model to illustrate the favorable impacts of CSF on IR. Then, an innovative network pharmacology analysis was executed to predict the potential chemical components and hub genes contributing to CSF's protective effect against IR. To further elucidate molecular interactions, molecular docking studies were performed, focusing on the binding interactions between active constituents of CSF and crucial targets. Additionally, an RNA-sequencing assay was employed to uncover the underlying biochemical signaling pathway responsible for CSF's beneficial effects. To validate these findings, western blot and qPCR assays were employed to verify the pathways related to IR and the potential signaling cascades leading to the amelioration of IR., Results: The UHPLC/ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS analysis successfully identified a total of thirty-six flavonoids derived from CSF. Moreover, CSF was shown to significantly improve glycogen synthesis and glucose consumption as well as inhibit gluconeogenesis in HepG2 cells of IR. An innovative network pharmacology analysis unveiled key hub genes-AKT1 and PI3K-integral to metabolic syndrome-related signaling pathways, which contributed to the favorable impact of CSF against IR. Noteworthy active ingredients including quercetin, ellagic acid and naringenin were identified as potential contributors to these effects. The results of western blot and qPCR assays provided compelling evidence that CSF improved insulin sensitivity by modulating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Subsequent RNA-sequencing analysis, in tandem with western blot assays, delved deeper into the potential mechanisms underlying CSF's advantageous effects against IR, potentially associated with the enhancement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis., Conclusion: CSF exhibited a remarkable ability to enhance insulin sensitivity in the IR model of HepG2 cells. This was evident through enhancements in glycogen synthesis and glucose consumption, along with its inhibitory impact on gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, CSF demonstrated an improvement in the insulin-mediated PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The potential active constituents were identified as quercetin, ellagic acid and naringenin. The underlying biochemical mechanisms responsible for CSF's beneficial effects against IR were closely linked to its capacity to mitigate ER stress, thereby offering a comprehensive understanding of its protective action., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)
- Published
- 2024
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19. Bridging the gap in antioxidant activity of flavonoids: Correlating the oxidation of human plasma with chemical and cellular assays.
- Author
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Mohammadi N, Dos Santos Lima A, Azevedo L, and Granato D
- Abstract
Traditional antioxidant screening relies on chemical assays to assess compounds' potential in combating oxidative processes. However, translating chemical antioxidant activity to complex biological systems poses challenges. In this study, the antioxidant potential of fruit-derived phenolic compounds, hyperoside (HP), epicatechin (EC), and phlorizin (PZ), and their combinations in a specific ratio were investigated using a simplex-centroid design of experiments. The research included in vitro antioxidant assays, plasma protection against oxidation tests, and cytotoxicity assessments in human cell lines. The results revealed the complex relationship between chemical antioxidant activity and its relevance to cellular oxidative and antioxidative processes. HP and EC exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with HP outperforming EC in multiple assessments. Cytotoxicity assay confirmed that these compounds did not induce cell death or hinder proliferation, even at higher concentrations (>100 μmol/mL). In the cell antioxidant activity (CAA) test, HP and EC exhibited higher CAA, while PZ displayed lower antioxidant activity. In conclusion, a synergistic effect emerged when HP, EC, and PZ were combined, particularly in plasma protection, suggesting protective effects and potential health benefits. This research emphasized the need for a nuanced understanding of the interplay between chemical assays and cellular behavior in comprehending the relationship between chemical-based, human plasma oxidation, and CAA., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2024
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20. Characterization of Azorean Plant Leaves for Sustainable Valorization and Future Advanced Applications in the Food, Cosmetic, and Pharmaceutical Industries.
- Author
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Barros JGL, Fernandes R, Abraão A, Costa RD, Aires A, Gouvinhas I, Granato D, and Barros AN
- Abstract
The historical use of plants as sources of natural compounds has persisted over time. Increasing the intake of bioactive substances shows significant potential for promoting overall well-being and health. This study delves into the pigments, phenolic composition, and profile, along with antioxidant properties, of leaf extracts rich in bioactives from plants in the Azores region, contributing to sustainable primary food production. Analyses encompassed chlorophylls, carotenoids, total phenols, ortho -diphenols, and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant capacity assessment, polyphenolic profiling, and quantification. Psidium guajava L. and Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H.Rob. exhibited elevated chlorophyll content, while Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott displayed the highest carotenoid levels. Annona cherimola Mill., Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl, and Psidium guajava L. demonstrated pronounced total phenols, ortho -diphenols, and flavonoids. These findings align with heightened antioxidant capacity. HPLC-DAD (high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection) characterization unveiled elevated hydroxycinnamic acids in E. japonica and Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam. compared to A. cherimola Mill., while C. esculenta exhibited increased flavone content. Among the quantified compounds, flavonols were the ones that predominantly demonstrated contribution to the antioxidant capacity of these leaves. This research highlights Azorean leaf plants' antioxidant potential, fostering natural product development for better health., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
- Published
- 2024
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21. Anthocyanin-rich extract from purple tea: Chemical stability, cellular antioxidant activity, and protection of human erythrocytes and plasma.
- Author
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de Moura C, Vieira do Carmo MA, Xu YQ, Azevedo L, and Granato D
- Abstract
This study aimed to obtain an anthocyanin extract from the purple leaves of Camellia sinensis cv. Zijuan using a sustainable, non-toxic, and low-cost solid-liquid extraction, employing an aqueous citric acid solution (0.2 mol/L) as the extracting solvent, and to evaluate its chemical stability at different pH values, as well as its in vitro antioxidant properties in chemical and biological terms. The phenolic composition, in vitro antioxidant activity, and the stability of anthocyanins against pH, temperature, and light of the crude extract (CE) were evaluated, as well as the phenolic composition and bioactivity in the crude lyophilised extract (CLE). In the direct/reverse spectrophotometric titration, anthocyanins showed structural changes between pH 2 and 10, and reversibility of 80%. The antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical showed inhibition percentages of 73% (pH 4.5) to 39% (pH 10). Thermal stability was observed at 60 °C, and prolonged exposure of the extract to light caused photodegradation of the anthocyanins. Thirty-three phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins and catechins, were quantified in the CLE by UPLC-ESI-MS and HPLC, totalling 40.18 mg/g. CLE reduced cell viability (IC
50 from 18.1 to 52.5 μg GAE/mL), exerted antiproliferative (GI50 from 0.0006 to 17.0 μg GAE/mL) and cytotoxic (LC50 from 33.2 to 89.9 μg GAE/mL) effects against A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), HCT8 (ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma), and Eahy926 (somatic cell hybrid cells); and showed protection against oxidation of human plasma (635 ± 30 mg AAE/g). The results showed the diversity of compounds in the extracts and their potential for technological applications; however, temperature, pH, and light must be considered to avoid diminishing their bioactivity., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The effects of tea plant age on the color, taste, and chemical characteristics of Yunnan Congou black tea by multi-spectral omics insight.
- Author
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Long P, Su S, Han Z, Granato D, Hu W, Ke J, and Zhang L
- Abstract
The present study comprehensively used integrated multi-spectral omics combined with sensory evaluation analysis to investigate the quality of three types of Yunnan Congou black teas from different tree ages (decades, DB; hundreds, HB; a thousand years, TB). TB infusion presented the highest scores of sweetness and umami, higher brightness, and yellow hue. Eighty-four marker metabolites were identified, including Amadori rearrangement products, catechin oxidation products, flavonoid glycosides, and organic acids, which are simultaneously related to tea infusions' color and taste. Moreover, the content of some characteristic flavonoid glycosides and organic acids was determined. Our finding implied trans -4- O - p -coumaroylquinic acid and quercetin 3- O -rutinoside contributed to bitterness and astringency, while dehydro theanine-glucose Amadori product and xylopyranosyl-glucopyranose resulted in umami and sweetness. These results provided quantitative and qualitative information for deciphering differences among black teas with different tea plant ages, conducing to the further utilization of ancient tea plants in Southwest China., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2024
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23. Corrigendum to "Optimization of a tannase-assisted process for obtaining teas rich in theaflavins from Camellia sinensis leaves" [Food Chemistry: X 13 (2022) 100203].
- Author
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Liang S, Wang F, Chen J, Granato D, Li L, Yin JF, and Xu YQ
- Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100203.]., (© 2023 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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24. Next-generation analytical platforms for antioxidant capacity assessment: The urge for realistic and physiologically relevant methods.
- Author
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Granato D
- Subjects
- Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Food, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Antioxidants metabolism, Carotenoids pharmacology
- Abstract
Bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics, are well known because of their alleged health benefits when consumed regularly in a balanced healthy diet. Some well-documented bioactivities are antioxidant, antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antilipidemic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial capacities. Trying to associate the chemical composition of distinct sources and their bioactivity using in vitro methods, several assays have been developed, implemented, and optimised to recapitulate human physiological conditions. However, in most cases, pitfalls are apparent, and no single test tube-based assay can predict in vivo responses. The need for a more physiologically relevant cell-based method to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of putative antioxidants is apparent. Therefore, in this Review, the current state-of-the-art in food science and nutrition is aligned with cell biology/bioengineering approaches to propose combining in vitro digestion and absorption to obtain a bioavailable fraction containing antioxidants. Overall, human plasma, 2-dimensional human cell lines, such as erythrocytes, lymphocytes, hepatocytes, enterocytes and, ultimately, 3-dimensional spheroids (organoids) could be used as biologically relevant models to assess the antioxidant activity of compounds, foods, and nutraceuticals. This versatile approach is deemed suitable, accurate, reproducible, and physiologically relevant to evaluate the protective effects of antioxidants against ROS-mediated oxidation in vitro., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Optimization of the Green Chemistry-like Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Grape ( Vitis labrusca L.) and Blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus L.) Seeds with Concomitant Biological and Antioxidant Activity Assessments.
- Author
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Junior TK, de Moura C, Cruz TM, Marques MB, Carmo MAVD, Deolindo CTP, Daguer H, Azevedo L, and Granato D
- Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine the phenolic composition, chemical and cellular antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity in human cells, and peroxidative inhibition of the defatted fraction of grape ( Vitis labrusca ) and blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus ) seeds. Soxhlet extraction (Sox) was used to extract the fat and obtain the degreased material. A statistical optimization study was developed to maximize the extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity from defatted grape and blackberry seeds. Simultaneous optimization was applied with a combination of 35.9 min of extraction and a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1 g of defatted grape seed to 61.28 mL of an extracting solvent (60% ethanol) and 62.1 min of extraction and a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1 g of defatted blackberry seed to 64.1 mL of an extracting solvent (60% ethanol). In the cell viability assay, HepG2 cancer cells seemed more sensitive to grape and blackberry extracts, while Ea.hy926 hybrid cells showed more resistance to their effects. In general, the extracts presented low/no cytotoxicity, exhibited a protective effect against H
2 O2 -induced ROS production, and demonstrated antioxidant activity and a protective effect on the erythrocytes when subjected to hypotonic and isotonic conditions not presenting hemolytic behavior (5.0 to 10.0 μg GAE/mL). Thus, the results provided a broad assessment of the bioactivity of the extracts obtained using a simple and low-cost process developed by employing non-toxic solvents and with the potential to be used in technological applications.- Published
- 2023
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26. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Attenuates the Adverse Reactions Triggered by Selenium Nanoparticles without Compromising Their Suppressing Effect on Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Mice Bearing Hepatocarcinoma 22 Cells.
- Author
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Ban Q, Chi W, Wang X, Wang S, Hai D, Zhao G, Zhao Q, Granato D, and Huang X
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Polyphenols pharmacology, Tea, Diarrhea, Selenium pharmacology, Catechin pharmacology, Nanoparticles, Neoplasms
- Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that selenium and polyphenols are two types of the most reported compounds in tumor chemoprevention due to their remarkable antitumor activity and high safety profile. The cross-talk between polyphenols and selenium is a hot research topic, and the combination of polyphenols and selenium is a valuable strategy for fighting cancer. The current work investigated the combination anti-peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and green tea ( Camellia sinensis ) polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in mice bearing murine hepatocarcinoma 22 (H22) cells. Results showed that SeNPs alone significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation and extended the survival time of mice bearing H22 cells. Still, the potential therapeutic efficacy is accompanied by an approximately eighty percent diarrhea rate. When EGCG was combined with SeNPs, EGCG did not affect the tumor proliferation inhibition effect but eliminated diarrhea triggered by SeNPs. In addition, both the intracellular selectively accumulated EGCG without killing effect on cancer cells and the enhanced antioxidant enzyme levels in ascites after EGCG was delivered alone by intraperitoneal injection indicated that H22 cells were insensitive to EGCG. Moreover, EGCG could prevent SeNP-caused systemic oxidative damage by enhancing serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase levels in healthy mice. Overall, we found that H22 cells are insensitive to EGCG, but combining EGCG with SeNPs could protect against SeNP-triggered diarrhea without compromising the suppressing efficacy of SeNPs on PC in mice bearing H22 cells and attenuate SeNP-caused systemic toxicity in healthy mice. These results suggest that EGCG could be employed as a promising candidate for preventing the adverse reactions of chemotherapy including chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and systemic toxicity in cancer individuals.
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- 2023
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27. Antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antihyperlipidemic properties of Chimonanthus salicifolius S. Y. Hu leaves in experimental animals: modulation of thioredoxin and glutathione systems, renal water reabsorption, and gut microbiota.
- Author
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Dong R, Pan J, Zhao G, Zhao Q, Wang S, Li N, Song L, Huang X, Miao S, Ying J, Wu F, Wang D, Cheng K, Granato D, and Ban Q
- Abstract
Introduction: Excessive calorie intake and physical inactivity have dramatically increased nutrient overload-associated disease, becoming a global public health issue. Chimonanthus salicifolius S. Y. Hu ( CHI ) is a homology plant of food and medicine in China and shows several health benefits., Methods: This work investigated the antioxidant activity, the alleviating effects, and the mechanism of action on diabetes and hyperlipidemia of CHI leaves., Results and Discussion: Results showed that CHI leaves infusion displayed in vitro antioxidant activity measured by ABTS and ferric reducing antioxidant power methods. In wild-type Kunming mice, CHI leaves infusion consumption activated the hepatic antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione reductase, glutathione S -transferase, glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase as well as thioredoxin reductase 1. In alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice, CHI leaves infusion ameliorated diabetic symptoms, including polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and hyperglycemia, in a dose-dependent and time-course manners. The mechanism involved CHI leaves up-regulating renal water reabsorption associated protein - urine transporter A1-and promoting the trafficking of urine transporter A1 and aquaporin 2 to the apical plasma membrane. Despite this, in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic golden hamsters, CHI leaves powder did not significantly effect on hyperlipidemia and body weight gain. This might be attributed to CHI leaves powder increasing the calorie intake. Interestingly, we found that CHI leaves extract containing a lower dose of total flavonoid than CHI leaves powder pronouncedly reduced the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum in golden hamsters fed a high-fat diet. Furthermore, CHI leaves extract elevated the diversity of gut microbiota and the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014. It also decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus at the genus level in golden hamsters fed a high-fat diet. Overall, CHI leaves benefit oxidative stress prevention and metabolic syndrome amelioration in vivo., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Dong, Pan, Zhao, Zhao, Wang, Li, Song, Huang, Miao, Ying, Wu, Wang, Cheng, Granato and Ban.)
- Published
- 2023
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28. Melatonin improved glucose homeostasis is associated with the reprogrammed gut microbiota and reduced fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids in db/db mice.
- Author
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Ban Q, Chi W, Tan Y, Wang S, Li N, Song L, Huang X, Wang D, Peng W, Granato D, and Zhao G
- Abstract
Accumulated evidence shows that melatonin possesses the potential to improve lipid metabolism by modifying gut microbiota and glucose metabolism via regulating the melatonin receptor signaling pathway. However, the contribution of melatonin consumption on glucose homeostasis by affecting gut microbiota has not been investigated in diabetes. In the current work, we investigated the effect of melatonin administration on gut microbiota and glucose homeostasis in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetes model with leptin receptor deficiency. Administration of melatonin through drinking water (at 0.25% and 0.50%) for 12 weeks decreased diabetic polydipsia and polyuria, increased insulin sensitivity and impeded glycemia. The accumulated fecal levels of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and acetic acid are positively correlated with diabetes-related parameters-homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level. The reprogramming of gut microbiota structure and abundance and the reduction of fecal levels of SCFAs, including acetic acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid, and isobutyric acid, by melatonin may be beneficial for enhancing insulin sensitivity and lowering FBG, which were verified by the results of correlation analysis between acetic acid or total SCFAs and HOMA-IR and FBG. In addition, the melatonin downregulated hepatic genes, including fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1, forkhead box O1 alpha, thioredoxin-interacting protein, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy-kinase (PEPCK), PEPCK1 and a glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit, that responsible for gluconeogenesis support the result that melatonin improved glucose metabolism. Overall, results showed that the melatonin supplementation reduced fecal SCFAs level via reprogramming of gut microbiota, and the reduction of fecal SCFAs level is associated with improved glucose homeostasis in db/db mice., Competing Interests: All authors approved the manuscript and have no competing or conflicting interest to declare., (© 2023 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2023
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29. Comparison of Antioxidant Capacity and Network Pharmacology of Phloretin and Phlorizin against Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury.
- Author
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Ongay KK, Granato D, and Barreto GE
- Subjects
- Humans, Phloretin pharmacology, Phlorhizin pharmacology, Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Network Pharmacology, Iron, Antioxidants metabolism, Brain Injuries, Traumatic drug therapy
- Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of traumatic brain injury (TBI)'s acute and chronic phases. Despite the medical and scientific advances in recent years, there is still no effective treatment that mitigates the oxidative and inflammatory damage that affects neurons and glial cells. Therefore, searching for compounds with a broader spectrum of action that can regulate various inflammatory signaling pathways is of clinical interest. In this study, we determined not only the in vitro antioxidant capacity of apple pomace phenolics, namely, phlorizin and its metabolite, phloretin, but we also hypothesize that the use of these bioactive molecules may have potential use in TBI. We explored the antioxidant effects of both compounds in vitro (DPPH, iron-reducing capacity (IRC), and Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity (FCRC)), and using network pharmacology, we investigated the proteins involved in their protective effects in TBI. Our results showed that the antioxidant properties of phloretin were superior to those of phlorizin in the DPPH (12.95 vs. 3.52 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/L), FCRC (86.73 vs. 73.69 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L), and iron-reducing capacity (1.15 vs. 0.88 mg GAE/L) assays. Next, we examined the molecular signature of both compounds and found 11 proteins in common to be regulated by them and involved in TBI. Meta-analysis and GO functional enrichment demonstrated their implication in matrix metalloproteinases, p53 signaling, and cell secretion/transport. Using MCODE and Pearson's correlation analysis, a subcluster was generated. We identified ESR1 (estrogen receptor alpha) as a critical cellular hub being regulated by both compounds and with potential therapeutic use in TBI. In conclusion, our study suggests that because of their vast antioxidant effects, probably acting on estrogen receptors, phloretin and phlorizin may be repurposed for TBI treatment due to their ease of obtaining and low cost.
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- 2023
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30. Production of Bioactive Peptides from Baltic Herring ( Clupea harengus membras ): Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitory, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Properties.
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Mäkinen S, Hiidenhovi J, Huang X, Lima ADS, Azevedo L, Setälä J, Välimaa AL, Mattila P, and Granato D
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- Animals, Antioxidants chemistry, Antioxidants pharmacology, Blood Glucose, Fishes metabolism, Hydrolysis, Peptides chemistry, Peptides pharmacology, Subtilisins metabolism, Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 chemistry, Protein Hydrolysates chemistry, Protein Hydrolysates pharmacology
- Abstract
This study aimed to produce bioactive protein hydrolysates from undervalued fish, namely Baltic herring, and its filleting by-products. Protein hydrolysates were produced with Alcalase and Flavourzyme to achieve effective hydrolysis. The hydrolysates were evaluated for chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, antioxidant capacity, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitory activity, effects on cell proliferation and surface hydrophobicity. The protein content of the hydrolysates was high, from 86% to 91% (dm), while the fat content was low, from 0.3% to 0.4% (dm). The hydrolysates showed high DPP4 inhibition activities with IC
50 values from 5.38 mg/mL to 7.92 mg/mL. The scavenging activity of the hydrolysates towards DPPH was low, but an intermediate Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity and Cu2+ chelating ability was observed. The solid phase extraction with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges increased the DPP4 inhibition activity and antioxidant capacity, indicating peptides' crucial role in the bioactivities. The cytotoxicity of the hydrolysates was evaluated on the HCT8, IMR90, and A549 cell lines. The hydrolysates inhibited cell growth in the cancer and normal cells, although they did not reduce cell viability and were not lethal. Overall, our results indicate that protein hydrolysates from Baltic herring have potential as health-promoting foods and nutraceuticals, especially for enhancing healthy blood glucose regulation.- Published
- 2022
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31. Systems Biology Approaches for Understanding Metabolic Differences Using 'Multi-Omics' Profiling of Metabolites in Mice Fed with Honey and Mixed Sugars.
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Zheng X, Zhao Y, Naumovski N, Zhao W, Yang G, Xue X, Wu L, Granato D, Peng W, and Wang K
- Subjects
- Animals, Fructose pharmacology, Mice, Sugars, Systems Biology, Weight Gain, Honey analysis
- Abstract
Honey is proposed to be the oldest natural sweetener and it is a standard component of several dietary patterns. Recent evidence suggests that replacing sugars, such as fructose, with honey has potential health benefits. In this study, we determined the effects of honey supplementation in mice on cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers and changes in gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles. We compared mice fed a honey diet (1 or 2 g/kg) with those fed an analog diet (mixed fructose, glucose, and sucrose (FSG) solutions) at exact dosages for one month. We found the same blood glucose fluctuating trends for honey- and FGS-fed mice. The honey diets resulted in less weight gain and fewer ballooned hepatocytes. Additionally, honey diets decreased the total serum cholesterol and TNF-α and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity. Each diet type was associated with distinct gut microbiota and metabolomics profiles. Systems biology analysis revealed that Lactococcus spp., Lachnospiraceae spp., and oleamide had the strongest correlations with lipid metabolic networks. Although in an animal model, this study provides a good understanding of the potential benefits of choosing honey rather than mixed sugars in regular dietary patterns.
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- 2022
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32. Seed Phytochemical Profiling of Three Olive Cultivars, Antioxidant Capacity, Enzymatic Inhibition, and Effects on Human Neuroblastoma Cells (SH-SY5Y).
- Author
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Gouvinhas I, Garcia J, Granato D, and Barros A
- Subjects
- Acetylcholinesterase, Antioxidants chemistry, Butyrylcholinesterase, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Flavonoids chemistry, Humans, Monophenol Monooxygenase, Phenols chemistry, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Seeds chemistry, Neuroblastoma, Olea chemistry
- Abstract
This work evaluated the phytochemical composition of olive seed extracts from different cultivars ('Cobrançosa', 'Galega', and 'Picual') and their antioxidant capacity. In addition, it also appraised their potential antineurodegenerative properties on the basis of their ability to inhibit enzymes associated with neurodegenerative diseases: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase (TYR). To achieve this goal, the phenolic composition of the extracts was determined through high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode-array detection and electrospray ionization/ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS
n ). The antioxidant capacity was assessed by two different methods (ABTS•+ and DPPH• ), and the antineurodegenerative potential by the capacity of these extracts to inhibit the aforementioned related enzymes. The results showed that seed extracts presented a high content of phenolic compounds and a remarkable ability to scavenge ABTS•+ and DPPH• . Tyrosol, rutin, luteolin-7-glucoside, nüzhenide, oleuropein, and ligstroside were the main phenolic compounds identified in the extracts. 'Galega' was the most promising cultivar due to its high concentration of phenolic compounds, high antioxidant capacity, and remarkable inhibition of AChE, BChE, and TYR. It can be concluded that olive seed extracts may provide a sustainable source of bioactive compounds for medical and industrial applications.- Published
- 2022
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33. Effects of the Baking Process on the Chemical Composition, Sensory Quality, and Bioactivity of Tieguanyin Oolong Tea.
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Gao Y, Cao QQ, Chen YH, Granato D, Wang JQ, Yin JF, Zhang XB, Wang F, Chen JX, and Xu YQ
- Abstract
Tieguanyin oolong tea (TOT), a semi-oxidized tea originating from Anxi county in China, is categorized into jade TOT, medium-baked TOT, and deep-baked TOT, based on different baking processes. To study the effects of baking, chemical analysis, sensory evaluation, and bioactivity assessments of the three TOTs were conducted. The results indicated that the baking process promoted the formation of colored macromolecules (e.g., theabrownins), which affected the color of tea infusion. Free amino acids underwent the Maillard reaction and generated specific Maillard reaction products, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural, which modified the taste and aroma. Floral and fresh volatiles were remarkably reduced, while multiple new volatiles were produced, forming a typically baked aroma. The antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity were reduced after baking, which might be associated with the decrease of monomeric catechins. These results provide a scientific basis for understanding the changes caused by the baking process., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Gao, Cao, Chen, Granato, Wang, Yin, Zhang, Wang, Chen and Xu.)
- Published
- 2022
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34. Optimization of brewing conditions for Tieguanyin oolong tea by quadratic orthogonal regression design.
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Cao QQ, Wang JQ, Chen JX, Wang F, Gao Y, Granato D, Zhang X, Yin JF, and Xu YQ
- Abstract
Tieguanyin is one of the most consumed oolong teas because of its distinctive flavor. The brewing process is crucial for the flavor performance of traditional teas, thus the effects of brewing conditions, including water/tea ratio (R), brewing temperature (T), and time (S) on the sensory traits, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of Tieguanyin tea infusion were investigated using quadratic orthogonal regression design. Results showed that R affected all the quality variables most, its reduction could lead to the promotion of tea infusion concentration, antioxidant activity, and taste intensity, which was favored by the tea consumers drinking tea almost daily (DTD) but unacceptable for those drinking tea hardly (DTH). Based on the optimization of brewing conditions in response surface methodology (RSM), we recommended several brewing schemes for diverse consume goals: R = 34 mL/g, T = 80 °C, S = 80 s for DTH; R = 39 mL/g, T = 100 °C, S = 127 s for DTO (the consumers drinking tea occasionally); R = 20 mL/g, T = 100 °C, S = 100 s for DTD; R = 26 mL/g, T = 100 °C and S = 127 s for the common consumers seeking for flavor and health benefits. These results would be helpful for tea consumers with multiple demands., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
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35. Green Tea Polyphenols Upregulate the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Suppress Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Markers in D-Galactose-Induced Liver Aging in Mice.
- Author
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Wang D, Wang T, Li Z, Guo Y, and Granato D
- Abstract
The beneficial effects of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) on D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced liver aging in male Kunming mice were investigated. For this purpose, 40 adult male Kunming mice were divided into four groups. All animals, except for the normal control and GTPs control, were intraperitoneally injected with D-galactose (D-Gal; 300 mg/kg/day for 5 days a week) for 12 consecutive weeks, and the D-Gal-treated mice were allowed free access to 0.05% GTPs (w/w) diet or normal diet for 12 consecutive weeks. Results showed that GTP administration improved the liver index and decreased transaminases and total bilirubin levels. Furthermore, GTPs significantly increased hepatic glutathione and total antioxidant levels, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S -transferase (GST). Furthermore, GTPs downregulated 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, advanced glycation end products, and hepatic oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde and nitric oxide. Additionally, GTPs abrogated dysregulation in hepatic Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream target gene expression [heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and GST] and inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the liver of treated mice. Finally, GTPs effectively attenuated D-Gal-induced edema, vacuole formation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. In conclusion, GTPs showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in D-Gal-induced aging mice, and may be considered a natural alternative to the effects of hepatic aging., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wang, Wang, Li, Guo and Granato.)
- Published
- 2022
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36. Optimization of a tannase-assisted process for obtaining teas rich in theaflavins from Camelia sinensis leaves.
- Author
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Liang S, Wang F, Chen J, Granato D, Li L, Yin JF, and Xu YQ
- Abstract
This work aimed at optimizing the extraction of theaflavins for the development of a potentially functional tea beverage using different technological parameters as factors. Green tea leaves treated with tannase provided a beverage with significant higher amount (4.7-fold) of theaflavin (TF) compared to the pure withered leaf fermentation. For black tea, the optimized process conditions to produce a beverage with high TF (0.269 μg/mL) concentration were: 6 g of leaves/400 mL, a low fermentation temperature of 25 °C with the absence of buffer and pH control, an intermediate fermentation time (60 min) and a relatively low aeration rate (0.8-1.0 L/min). The tea liquid produced under optimized fermentation conditions appears to be ideal for making a black tea beverage with surplus summer tea leaves and brings economic benefits., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2022
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37. Purple tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) leaves as a potential functional ingredient: From extraction of phenolic compounds to cell-based antioxidant/biological activities.
- Author
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de Moura C, Kabbas Junior T, Pedreira FRO, Azevedo L, Furtado MM, Sant'Ana AS, Franchin M, Gonzaga VR, Cui Y, Wen M, Zhang L, Pereira RP, and Granato D
- Subjects
- A549 Cells, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Bacteria drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cytokines metabolism, Humans, Phenols chemistry, Phenols pharmacology, Plant Leaves chemistry, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Antioxidants chemistry, Antioxidants pharmacology, Camellia sinensis chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology
- Abstract
A statistical optimization study was used to maximize the extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity from green tea derived from purple leaves of Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Simultaneous optimization was applied, and a combination of 60 °C, 15 min, and a mass-solvent ratio of 1 g of dehydrated purple leaves to 62.3 mL of an ethanol/citric acid solution, were determined as the ideal extraction conditions. The optimized extract of purple tea leaves (OEPL) contained showed stability in relation to variations in pH, and lyophilized OEPL exerted cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects against cancerous cells (A549 and HCT8), demonstrated antimicrobial activity towards Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 7644), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 13565) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12288), inhibition of α-amylase and α-glycosidase enzymes and reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, CXCL2/MIP-2, and IL-6) in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Thus, our results provide a broad assessment of the bioactivity of "green" extracts obtained by a simple and low-cost process using non-toxic solvents, and they have the potential to be used for technological applications., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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38. Jabuticaba ( Myrciaria jaboticaba ) Peel as a Sustainable Source of Anthocyanins and Ellagitannins Delivered by Phospholipid Vesicles for Alleviating Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes.
- Author
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Castangia I, Manca ML, Allaw M, Hellström J, Granato D, and Manconi M
- Subjects
- Anthocyanins administration & dosage, Anthocyanins chemistry, Antioxidants administration & dosage, Antioxidants chemistry, Biocompatible Materials chemistry, Fruit chemistry, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide chemistry, Hydrogen Peroxide pharmacology, Hydrolyzable Tannins administration & dosage, Hydrolyzable Tannins chemistry, Liposomes, Plant Extracts administration & dosage, Plant Extracts chemistry, Anthocyanins pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Hydrolyzable Tannins pharmacology, Keratinocytes drug effects, Keratinocytes metabolism, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Phospholipids chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology
- Abstract
The Brazilian berry scientifically known as jabuticaba is a fruit covered by a dark purple peel that is still rich in bioactives, especially polyphenols. Considering that, this work was aimed at obtaining an extract from the peel of jabuticaba fruits, identifying its main components, loading it in phospholipid vesicles specifically tailored for skin delivery and evaluating their biological efficacy. The extract was obtained by pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), which is considered an easy and low dissipative method, and it was rich in polyphenolic compounds, especially flavonoids ( ortho -diphenols and condensed tannins), anthocyanins (cyanidin 3- O -glucoside and delphinidin 3- O -glucoside) and gallic acid, which were responsible for the high antioxidant activity detected using different colorimetric methods (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC and metal chelation). To improve the stability and extract effectiveness, it was incorporated into ultradeformable phospholipid vesicles (transfersomes) that were modified by adding two different polymers (hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium hyaluronate), thus obtaining HEcellulose-transfersomes and hyaluronan-transfersomes. Transfersomes without polymers were the smallest, as the addition of the polymer led to the formation of larger vesicles that were more stable in storage. The incorporation of the extract in the vesicles promoted their beneficial activities as they were capable, to a greater extent than the solution used as reference, of counteracting the toxic effect of hydrogen peroxide and even of speeding up the healing of a wound performed in a cell monolayer, especially when vesicles were enriched with polymers. Given that, polymer enriched vesicles may represent a good strategy to produce cosmetical and cosmeceutical products with beneficial properties for skin.
- Published
- 2021
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39. Ellagitannins from jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) seeds attenuated inflammation, oxidative stress, aberrant crypt foci, and modulated gut microbiota in rats with 1,2 dimethyl hydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis.
- Author
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do Carmo MAV, Fidelis M, de Oliveira PF, Feitoza LQ, Marques MJ, Ferreira EB, Oh WY, Shahidi F, Hellström J, Almeida LA, Novaes RD, Granato D, and Azevedo L
- Subjects
- Animals, Chromosome Aberrations, Colonic Neoplasms chemically induced, Colonic Neoplasms metabolism, Colonic Neoplasms microbiology, Male, Mutagenicity Tests, Precancerous Conditions chemically induced, Precancerous Conditions pathology, Rats, Rats, Wistar, 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine toxicity, Carcinogens toxicity, Colonic Neoplasms pathology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Hydrolyzable Tannins isolation & purification, Hydrolyzable Tannins pharmacology, Inflammation prevention & control, Myrtaceae embryology, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Seeds chemistry
- Abstract
Since dietary factors are thought to be responsible for high colon cancer risk, we investigated the chemopreventive effect of jabuticaba seed extract (LJE) by administering yogurt with or without LJE against 1,2 dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Results showed that LJE contained a total phenolic content of 57.16 g/100 g of seed extract in which 7.67 and 10.09 g/100 g represented total flavonoids and ellagitannins, respectively. LJE protected DNA and human LDL against induced in vitro oxidation, which was associated with the ellagitannin content and with the free-radical scavenging and reducing capacities. LJE alone had a non-clastogenicity/aneugenicity property, but in combination with cisplatin, it enhanced the chromosome aberrations in cancer cells. In colon cancer-induced rats, yogurt with or without LJE caused a reduction in pro-inflammatory parameters, decreased the RNA expression of antiapoptotic cytokines and increased the expression of proapoptotic cytokines. Moreover, LJE attenuated colon cancer initiation and progression by decreasing aberrant crypt foci and LJE recovered the gut microbiome. Together, this evidence suggests that LJE provides chemopreventive protection against colon cancer development by reducing inflammation and increasing proapoptotic pathways., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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40. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic/Cytoprotective Activity of Non-Polar Extracts of Grape ( Vitis labrusca cv. Bordeaux) and Blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus ) Seeds.
- Author
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Junior TK, de Moura C, do Carmo MAV, Azevedo L, Esmerino LA, Tardivo RC, Kilpeläinen P, and Granato D
- Subjects
- Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Anti-Infective Agents toxicity, Antioxidants pharmacology, Antioxidants toxicity, Escherichia coli drug effects, Fatty Acids analysis, Flavonoids analysis, Grape Seed Extract pharmacology, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Anti-Infective Agents chemistry, Antioxidants chemistry, Grape Seed Extract chemistry, Rubus chemistry
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the influence of the extraction method, chemical composition, antimicrobial effects, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity on human cells of the non-polar extracts of grape ( Vitis labrusca ) and blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus ) seeds. The Soxhlet (Sox), Bligh-Dyer (BD), and ultrasound (US) methods were used for extractions. For blackberry non-polar seed extract, extraction via the BD method showed the highest mean values of total phenolic content (TPC), expressed in milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per 100 mL of non-polar seed extracts (102.37 mg GAE/100 mL), and higher antioxidant activity in relation to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, expressed in milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per 100 mL of non-polar seed extracts (11.50 mg AAE/100 mL), if compared with the Sox and US extractions. Similar results were obtained for the non-polar grape seed extracts, where BD extraction obtained the highest values for TPC (28.61 mg GAE/100 mL) and DPPH (35.36 mg AAE/100 mL). The type of extraction method had an impact on the composition of fatty acids. Only the non-polar blackberry and grape seed extracts obtained via the Sox method showed some in vitro inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli (IAL 2064) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 13565). Regardless of the extraction method used, the non-polar blackberry and grape seed extracts did not decrease the cell viability (IC
50 >1000 µg/mL) of cancer and normal cell lines, thus indicating the relative safety of the extracts. All the seed extracts decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species in the cell lines. Blackberry and grape seed lipid fractions can be utilized as antioxidants, and the extraction methods used cause significant changes in relation to their bioactivity and chemical composition.- Published
- 2021
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41. Toxicological and bioactivity evaluation of blackcurrant press cake, sea buckthorn leaves and bark from Scots pine and Norway spruce extracts under a green integrated approach.
- Author
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Pap N, Reshamwala D, Korpinen R, Kilpeläinen P, Fidelis M, Furtado MM, Sant'Ana AS, Wen M, Zhang L, Hellström J, Marnilla P, Mattila P, Sarjala T, Yang B, Lima ADS, Azevedo L, Marjomäki V, and Granato D
- Subjects
- Anti-Infective Agents isolation & purification, Anti-Infective Agents toxicity, Anti-Inflammatory Agents isolation & purification, Anti-Inflammatory Agents toxicity, Antioxidants isolation & purification, Antioxidants toxicity, Bacteria drug effects, Candida albicans drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor, Enterovirus B, Human drug effects, Green Chemistry Technology, Hippophae chemistry, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Picea chemistry, Pinus sylvestris chemistry, Plant Bark chemistry, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Plant Extracts toxicity, Plant Leaves chemistry, Ribes chemistry, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Plant Extracts pharmacology
- Abstract
Aqueous extracts from blackcurrant press cake (BC), Norway spruce bark (NS), Scots pine bark (SP), and sea buckthorn leaves (SB) were obtained using maceration and pressurized hot water and tested for their bioactivities. Maceration provided the extraction of higher dry matter contents, including total phenolics (TPC), anthocyanins, and condensed tannins, which also impacted higher antioxidant activity. NS and SB extracts presented the highest mean values of TPC and antioxidant activity. Individually, NS extract presented high contents of proanthocyanidins, resveratrol, and some phenolic acids. In contrast, SB contained a high concentration of ellagitannins, ellagic acid, and quercetin, explaining the antioxidant activity and antibacterial effects. SP and BC extracts had the lowest TPC and antioxidant activity. However, BC had strong antiviral efficacy, whereas SP can be considered a potential ingredient to inhibit α-amylase. Except for BC, the other extracts decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HCT8 and A549 cells. Extracts did not inhibit the production of TNF-alpha in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages but inhibited the ROS generation during the THP-1 cell respiratory burst. The recovery of antioxidant compounds from these by-products is incentivized for high value-added applications., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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42. Effect of probiotic Minas Frescal cheese on the volatile compound and metabolic profiles assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemometric tools.
- Author
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Balthazar CF, Guimarães JT, Silva R, Filho EGA, Brito ES, Pimentel TC, Rodrigues S, Esmerino EA, Silva MC, Raices RSL, Granato D, Duarte MCKH, Freitas MQ, and Cruz AG
- Subjects
- Animals, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Metabolome, Cheese analysis, Probiotics, Volatile Organic Compounds analysis
- Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 as a probiotic culture on the production of volatile organic compounds and metabolic profile of Minas Frescal cheese. Lactose (α-lactose and β-lactose), fatty acids (unsaturated and saturated), citric acid, tryptophan, and benzoic acid were the main compounds. Compared with the control cheese, probiotic cheese was characterized by the highest concentration of tryptophan and presented a higher number of volatile acids. The control cheese was characterized by the highest concentration of benzoic acid and fatty acids, resulting in a higher number of volatile alcohols and esters. No differences were observed for α-lactose, β-lactose, and citric acid contents. A clear separation of probiotic and control Minas Frescal cheese was obtained using
1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, demonstrating that the addition of probiotic culture altered the metabolic profile of Minas Frescal cheese. Overall, the findings suggested that the addition of probiotic culture promoted the proteolysis in the fresh cheeses, decreased the lipolysis, and altered the volatile compounds. Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy coupled to chemometrics tools could be used to differentiate probiotic and conventional cheeses., (Copyright © 2021 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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43. Selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one and Oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one from Eugenia uniflora Leaf Essential Oil and Their Cytotoxic Effects on Human Cell Lines.
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Ascari J, Felipe Maciel Pereira M, Schaffka VM, Nunes DS, Magalhães CG, Santos JS, Granato D, Carmo MAVD, Azevedo L, Archilha MVLR, and Riva Scharf D
- Subjects
- Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Survival drug effects, Humans, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Eugenia chemistry, Naphthalenes pharmacology, Oils, Volatile chemistry, Plant Leaves chemistry, Sesquiterpenes pharmacology
- Abstract
The sesquiterpenes selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one and oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one were isolated from the essential oil of Eugenia uniflora L. leaves. The structures were elucidated using spectrometric methods (UV, GC-MS, NMR, and specific optical rotation). The relationship between antioxidant activity, as determined by DPPH assay, and the cytotoxic effect was evaluated using tumor cells, namely lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549) and human hepatoma carcinoma cells (HepG2), as well as a model of normal human lung fibroblast cells (IMR90). Both compounds did not show prominent free-radical scavenging activity according to DPPH assay, and did not inhibit lipid peroxidation in Wistar rat brain homogenate. The isolated compounds showed pro-oxidative effects and cytotoxicity in relation to the IMR90 cell line.
- Published
- 2021
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44. Sheep milk kefir sweetened with different sugars: Sensory acceptance and consumer emotion profiling.
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Larosa CP, Balthazar CF, Guimarâes JT, Rocha RS, Silva R, Pimentel TC, Granato D, Duarte MCKH, Silva MC, Freitas MQ, Cruz AG, and Esmerino EA
- Subjects
- Animals, Emotions, Fructose administration & dosage, Honey, Humans, Milk, Sucrose administration & dosage, Consumer Behavior, Kefir analysis, Sensation, Sheep, Sugars administration & dosage, Sweetening Agents administration & dosage
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the sensory acceptance and emotional profile of sheep milk kefir sweetened with different sugars (demerara sugar, brown sugar, fructose, coconut sugar, and honey, 100 g/L). Consumers (n = 100) assessed sensory acceptance (appearance, aroma, taste, texture, and overall impression), and expressed their emotions (satisfied, active, loving, calm, comfortable, energetic, happy, healthy, refreshing, disgusted, worried, and upset). The emotions "satisfied," "active," "comfortable," "energetic," "healthy," and "refreshing" were found between moderate and very high levels, indicating that they are important emotions for the characterization and sensory acceptance of kefir samples. The use of different sugars had no influence on the intensity of the emotions "calm," "comfortable," "happy," or "disgusted," and resulted in a greater sense of satisfaction. The use of demerara sugar or fructose did not alter the acceptance of the products or the intensity of emotions. The use of brown sugar decreased acceptance (taste, texture, and overall impression) and the intensity of the emotions "active," "loving," "energetic," "healthy," and "refreshing." The use of coconut sugar decreased acceptance (appearance, aroma, and taste) and the intensity of the emotions "refreshing" and "upset." The use of honey improved acceptance in appearance and aroma but reduced the intensity of the emotions "active," "loving," "energetic," and "healthy." Based on sensory data, it is recommended to use demerara sugar or fructose as a substitute for sucrose. In conclusion, the study of emotions can be used as an additional tool for obtaining data related to the sensory acceptance of products., (Copyright © 2021 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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45. Food Bioactive Compounds and Emerging Techniques for Their Extraction: Polyphenols as a Case Study.
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Câmara JS, Albuquerque BR, Aguiar J, Corrêa RCG, Gonçalves JL, Granato D, Pereira JAM, Barros L, and Ferreira ICFR
- Abstract
Experimental studies have provided convincing evidence that food bioactive compounds (FBCs) have a positive biological impact on human health, exerting protective effects against non-communicable diseases (NCD) including cancer and cardiovascular (CVDs), metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). These benefits have been associated with the presence of secondary metabolites, namely polyphenols, glucosinolates, carotenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, vitamins, and fibres, among others, derived from their antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, cardioprotective, and vasodilator properties. Polyphenols as one of the most abundant classes of bioactive compounds present in plant-based foods emerge as a promising approach for the development of efficacious preventive agents against NCDs with reduced side effects. The aim of this review is to present comprehensive and deep insights into the potential of polyphenols, from their chemical structure classification and biosynthesis to preventive effects on NCDs, namely cancer, CVDs, and NDDS. The challenge of polyphenols bioavailability and bioaccessibility will be explored in addition to useful industrial and environmental applications. Advanced and emerging extraction techniques will be highlighted and the high-resolution analytical techniques used for FBCs characterization, identification, and quantification will be considered.
- Published
- 2020
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46. Quantitative analysis and dietary risk assessment of aflatoxins in Chinese post-fermented dark tea.
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Cui P, Yan H, Granato D, Ho CT, Ye Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, and Zhou Y
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- Adult, China, Female, Fermentation, Food Contamination, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Assessment, Young Adult, Aflatoxins chemistry, Aflatoxins toxicity, Tea chemistry
- Abstract
Recently, mycotoxins safety in Chinese post-fermented teas has attracted much attention because it is still controversial whether environmental fungi in the teas are able to produce aflatoxins. In this study, a rapid and selective analytical method based on immunoaffinity column (IAC) cleaning coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed to quantify four aflatoxins (B
1 , B2, G1 and G2 ) in post-fermented teas. Recoveries ranged from 80.8 to 92.2% with relative standard deviation less than 3%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.109-0.348 μg kg-1 and 0.364-1.159 μg kg-1 , respectively. Two out of 158 samples were positive for aflatoxins examination (occurrence rate 1.27%). The deterministic assessment for the maximal aflatoxins exposure under upper bound was 9.19 × 10-6 μg kg-1 day-1 from heavy exposure consumers (≥50 year age group), but the exposure was lower than the JECFA acceptable value of 1.0 ng kg-1 day-1 on liver risk. Probabilistic assessment showed that the upper bound 95th percentile carcinogenic risk value for the 318 consumers (Yunnan China and Ulan Bator Mongolia) was 1.75 × 10-7 , and for heavy exposure consumers was 2.4 × 10-7 , and the values equally below the acceptable carcinogenic risk level., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
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47. Accumulation of Phenolic Acids during Storage over Differently Handled Fresh Carrots.
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Hellström J, Granato D, and Mattila PH
- Abstract
Carrots contain a significant content of phenolic compounds, mainly phenolic acids. Technological processing of carrots inflicts wounding stress and induces accumulation of these compounds, especially caffeic acid derivatives, in the periderm tissue. In this study, the effect of minimal processing (polishing, washing, peeling, and grating) on the retention of soluble phenolic acids in carrots was monitored during cold storage. Storage for up to 4 weeks and 24 h was used for whole and grated carrot samples, respectively. Total phenolic acid levels found in differently processed carrots varied greatly at the beginning of the storage period and on dry weight basis they ranged from 228 ± 67.9 mg/kg (grated carrot) to 996 ± 177 mg/kg (machine washed). In each case, processing followed by storage induced phenolic acid accumulation in the carrots. At the end of the experiment (4 weeks at +8 °C), untreated and machine-washed carrots contained ca. 4-fold more phenolic acids than at day 0. Similarly, polished carrots contained 9-fold and peeled carrots 31-fold more phenolic acids than at day 0. The phenolic acid content in grated carrot doubled after 24 h storage at +4 °C. Individual phenolic acids were characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry. MS data strongly suggest the presence of daucic acid conjugates of phenolic acids in carrot. Storage time did not have statistically similar effect on all compounds and generally in a way that dicaffeoyldaucic acid had the highest increase. This research provides important information for primary production, packaging, catering, the fresh-cut industry and consumers regarding the selection of healthier minimally processed carrots.
- Published
- 2020
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48. Effects of Gender and Geographical Origin on the Chemical Composition and Antiradical Activity of Baccharis myriocephala and Baccharis trimera .
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Struiving S, Hacke ACM, Simionatto EL, Scharf DR, Klimaczewski CV, Besten MA, Heiden G, Boligon AA, Rocha JBT, Vellosa JCR, Nunes DS, Granato D, and Pereira RP
- Abstract
This study aimed to characterize and compare essential oils and ethyl acetate fractions obtained in basic and acidic conditions from both male and female Baccharis species ( Baccharis myriocephala and Baccharis trimera ) from two different Brazilian regions. Samples were characterized according to their chemical compositions and antiradical activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Principal component analysis (PCA) provided a clear separation regarding the chemical composition of essential oils from the samples obtained from different regions by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with flame-ionization detection (GC-MS-FID). PCA also revealed that gender and region of plant collections did not influence the chemical composition and antiradical activity of ethyl acetate fractions, which was corroborated with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) data. High performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) identified significant quantities of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the fractions obtained in basic and acidic fractions, respectively. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that the geographical region of plant collection influenced the chemical composition of essential oils from the studied Baccharis species. Moreover, the obtained fractions were constituted by several antiradical compounds, which reinforced the usage of these species in folk medicine.
- Published
- 2020
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49. Green tea polyphenols mitigate the plant lectins-induced liver inflammation and immunological reaction in C57BL/6 mice via NLRP3 and Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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Wang D, Zhang M, Wang T, Liu T, Guo Y, and Granato D
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- Animals, Hepatitis etiology, Lectins isolation & purification, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Hepatitis prevention & control, Lectins toxicity, NF-E2-Related Factor 2 metabolism, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein metabolism, Plants chemistry, Polyphenols pharmacology, Signal Transduction drug effects, Tea chemistry
- Abstract
Plant-derived dietary lectins have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and celiac disease. In this present study, we aimed to assess whether green tea polyphenols (GTPs) exerts protective effects against plant lectins-induced liver inflammation and immunological reaction in mice. The C57BL/6 mice received intragastric GTPs (200 mg/kg b.w.) once per day for 7 consecutive days prior to plant lectins stimulation (50 mg/kg b.w., intraperitoneally). GTPs supplementation alleviated the histopathological changes of liver and the disorder of serum biochemical parameters in plant lectins-challenged mice. GTPs supplementation also alleviated plant lectins-induced oxidative stress and liver inflammation, decreasing protein contents and gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the plasma and hepatic tissue and increasing antioxidant capacity in the liver. GTPs decreased the protein expression levels of myeloperoxidase, F4/80 and neutrophil, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis, and T lymphocytes (CD4 and CD8) contents as determined by immunofluorescence analysis, in the liver. Moreover, we found that GTPs inhibited Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome expression and increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways in the liver tissues of plant lectins-challenged mice. Taken together, these results show that GTPs alleviates hepatic inflammatory damage and immunological reaction after plant lectins challenge, and GTPs (or green tea intake) supplements can be beneficial for people exposed to plant lectins., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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50. Food defense: Perceptions and attitudes of Brazilian dairy companies.
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Lopes LO, Silva R, Guimarães JT, Coutinho NM, Castro BG, Pimentel TC, Duarte MCKH, Freitas MQ, Esmerino EA, Sant'Ana AS, Silva MC, Azeredo DRP, Granato D, and Cruz AG
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Humans, Dairying economics, Food Contamination prevention & control, Food Safety
- Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the perception of Brazilian dairy processors (n = 31) concerning food defense. The results showed that respondents consider the implementation of control procedures related to facilities, products, materials, and individuals as important measures in food defense. The higher agreement rates (strongly agreed + slightly agreed) of the companies in relation to the perception of food defense were 84% for external security, followed by personnel security (82%), generalities (81%), and internal security (74%). Thus, protecting facilities and controlling the traffic flow were considered to be the most important actions under the participants' perspectives. Employee satisfaction and identification of end products and raw materials are also considered relevant in the food defense program. Although food defense is not a formal requirement in Brazilian law, the results show that there is adequate awareness of this topic by the Brazilian dairy companies., (Copyright © 2020 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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