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Background: The Dynamic Risk Outcome Scales (DROS) was developed to assess treatment progress of patients with mild intellectual disability (MID) or borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) and severe behavioral and/or psychiatric problems. Because of the focus on dynamic risk factors, practitioners also see this instrument as a tool for risk assessment.
AIM: To investigate the predictive value of the DROS on different classifications and severities of recidivism.
METHOD: DROS data from the routine outcome monitoring (ROM) of 250 forensic patients with MID-BIF who were discharged between 2007 and end of 2014 were linked to recidivism data from the Judicial Information Service.
RESULTS: The DROS total score predicted general, violence and sexual recidivism better than chance (AUCs > 0.58), although the effect was small. A DROS-recidivism subscale predicted general, violence and other recidivism with a medium to large effect (AUCs > 0.67). The predictive values of the DROS total score and DROS-recidivism subscale were comparable to those of the Historic, Clinical, Future (in Dutch: HKT)-30.
CONCLUSION: The DROS total score and DROS-recidivism subscale predict different classifications of recidivism better than chance. However, for risk assessment the DROS appears to have no added value to the HKT-30.

During Drosophila metamorphosis, the ddaC dendritic arborisation sensory neurons selectively prune their larval dendrites in response to steroid hormone ecdysone signalling. The Nrf2-Keap1 pathway acts downstream of ecdysone signalling to promote proteasomal degradation and thereby dendrite pruning. However, how the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is activated remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a cell-autonomous role in dendrite pruning. Importantly, AMPK is required for Mical and Headcase expression and for activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. We reveal that AMPK promotes the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway and dendrite pruning partly via inhibition of the insulin pathway. Moreover, the AMPK-insulin pathway is required for ecdysone signalling to activate the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway during dendrite pruning. Overall, this study reveals an important mechanism whereby ecdysone signalling activates the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway via the AMPK-insulin pathway to promote dendrite pruning, and further suggests that during the nonfeeding prepupal stage metabolic alterations lead to activation of the Nrf2- Keap1 pathway and dendrite pruning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of additional reference current on a reference junction-double relaxation oscillation SQUID (superconducting quantum interface device) (RJ-DROS) is examined. The results have shown that an input-bias current in the preamplifier detecting the outputs at the reference junctions have acted as an additional current.

This paper describes the development, along with detailed phase-noise analysis, of V-band monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC) dielectric-resonator oscillators (DROs) achieving state-of-the-art performances. A T[E.sub.01[delta]]-mode Ba(Mg,Ta)[O.sub.3] cylindrical dielectric resonator (DR) is directly placed on a MMIC GaAs substrate to avoid the loss and uncertainty of bonding wires. A 0.15-[micro]m AlGaAs-InGaAs heterojunction field-effect transistor with optimized structure is developed as an active device. A design procedure proposed by the authors is employed, which allows us to analyze and optimize circuits in consideration for the output power, phase noise, and temperature stability. A developed DRO co-integrated with a buffer amplifier exhibits a low phase noise of -90 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset, a high output power of 10.0 dBm, and an excellent frequency stability of 1.6 ppm/[degrees]C at an oscillation frequency of 59.6 GHz, all of which are state-of-the-art performances reported for MMIC DROs above V-band. An experimental and theoretical analysis for the phase-noise-reduction effect of a DR is also addressed. Index Terms--Dielectric resonator oscillators (DROs), dielectric resonators (DRs), field-effect transistors (FETs), millimeter wave, monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), oscillators.

This paper describes a systematic approach to the design and analysis for dielectric resonator oscillators (DROs). The approach features a temperature- and structural-parameters-independent dielectric resonator (DR) model and a newly developed temperature-dependent nonlinear FET model. The implementation of these models on a harmonic-balance circuit simulator allows prediction for mechanical tuning characteristics, coupling strength dependencies, and temperature-dependent performance of oscillation frequency, output power, and phase noise of DROs. V-band heterojunction FET monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit DROs utilizing a [TE.sub.01[sigma]]-mode cylindrical DR were designed and fabricated based on the proposed procedure. Good agreement between the predicted and measured characteristics indicates the validity of our design technique featuring the proposed DR and FET models. Index Terms--Dielectric resonator oscillators (DROs), dielectric resonators (DRs), FETs, millimeter wave, monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), oscillators, temperature.

Abstract: We designed a digital double relaxation oscillation SQUID (DROS) with an single flux quantum (SFQ) feedback circuit for digital SQUID magnetometers. The DROS is magneticall coupled to a feedback SQUID loop and a signal magnetic flux is input to the feedback SQUID loop. The DROS generates two kinds of voltage pulses corresponding to the total magnetic flux in the feedback SQUID loop. Those voltage pulses are converted to SFQ and anti-SFQ pulses and input to the feedback SQUID loop to keep the magnetic flux in the feedback SQUID loop constant. A read-out dc SQUID (R/O SQUID) is also magnetically coupled to the feedback SQUID loop for monitoring the actual magnetic flux in the feedback SQUID loop. The number of the generated SFQ pulses is estimated by SFQ feedback steps on output voltage curves generated from the R/O SQUID. Wide dynamic operation range is realized by the SFQ feedback and sub-Φ0 magnetic flux resolution is realized by the R/O SQUID, where Φ0(= h/2e) is the single magnetic flux quantum. Also one digital DROS magnetometer can be operated with less than 10mA. We fabricated a designed digital DROS using ISTEC SRL 2.5 kA/cm2 Nb standard process II and are trying to confirm the correct operation of the digital DROS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Given the current enthusiasm for lunar exploration, the 2:1 resonant distant retrograde orbit (DRO) in Earth-Moon space is of interest. To gain an in-depth understanding of the complex dynamic environment in cislunar space and provide more options for parking orbits, this paper investigates the existence of quasi-periodic orbits near the 2:1 resonant DRO in the circular restricted three-body problem (CR3BP). Firstly, the numerical computation approach, continuation strategy, and stability analysis method of quasi-periodic orbits are introduced. Then, addressing the primary challenges in the continuation progress, we have developed an adaptive continuation algorithm with automatic adjustment of the step size and the number of discrete points that characterize the invariant torus. Finally, two types of 2D quasi-DROs and their linear stability properties are explored. Using Poincare sections, we investigated the boundaries of the maximum extent attainable by both 2D quasi-DRO families in the CR3BP at a specific Jacobi energy, confirming that both types of quasi-periodic families have reached their respective boundaries. The algorithm described in this paper is beneficial for facilitating the computation of quasi-periodic families and aids in discovering additional potential dynamical structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact and low-cost SQUID electronics to operate double relaxation oscillation SQUIDs (DROSs) is constructed for detecting magnetocardiogram (MCG) fields. The noise contributions of flux-locked loop (FLL) circuit is found to be about 0.6 micro phi(sub 0)/square root of Hz or 0.6 fT/ square root Hz at 100 Hz, low enough to measure MCG fields.

We designed a digital double relaxation oscillation SQUID (DROS) with an SFQ up/down counter. The DROS is connected to a feedback SQUID loop and a signal magnetic flux is input to the feedback SQUID loop. The DROS generates two kinds of voltage pulses corresponding to the total magnetic flux in the feedback SQUID loop. Two kind of voltage pulses are converted to SFQ and anti-SFQ pulses and input to the feedback SQUID loop to keep the magnetic flux in the SQUID loop constant. The number of the generated SFQ pulses is counted using the SFQ up/down counter. Thus, the count corresponds to the input magnetic flux. Because the SFQ up/down counter is operated in the pulse driven mode, the digital DROS needs only dc bias current for operation. We designed and fabricated a digital DROS with a relaxation oscillation frequency of 3 GHz and an 8-bit SFQ up/down counter. Numerical simulation suggested the designed digital DROS has a dynamic range exceeding \pm100\ \Phi0 and magnetic flux slew rate of 3\times10^9\ \Phi0/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]