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24,323 results on '"Devlin AS"'

1. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Large-scale velocity reconstruction with the kinematic Sunyaev--Zel'dovich effect and DESI LRGs

Author

McCarthy, Fiona, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bean, Rachel, Bond, J. Richard, Cai, Hongbo, Calabrese, Erminia, Coulton, William R., Devlin, Mark J., Dunkley, Jo, Ferraro, Simone, Gluscevic, Vera, Guan, Yilun, Hill, J. Colin, Johnson, Matthew C., Kusiak, Aleksandra, Laguë, Alex, MacCrann, Niall, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Moodley, Kavilan, Naess, Sigurd, Qu, Frank J., Guachalla, Bernardita Ried, Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake D., Sifón, Cristóbal, Smith, Kendrick M., Staggs, Suzanne T., van Engelen, Alexander, Vavagiakis, Eve M., and Wollack, Edward J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The kinematic Sunyaev--Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect induces a non-zero density-density-temperature bispectrum, which we can use to reconstruct the large-scale velocity field from a combination of cosmic microwave background (CMB) and galaxy density measurements, in a procedure known as ``kSZ velocity reconstruction''. This method has been forecast to constrain large-scale modes with future galaxy and CMB surveys, improving their measurement beyond what is possible with the galaxy surveys alone. Such measurements will enable tighter constraints on large-scale signals such as primordial non-Gaussianity, deviations from homogeneity, and modified gravity. In this work, we demonstrate a statistically significant measurement of kSZ velocity reconstruction for the first time, by applying quadratic estimators to the combination of the ACT DR6 CMB+kSZ map and the DESI LRG galaxies (with photometric redshifts) in order to reconstruct the velocity field. We do so using a formalism appropriate for the 2-dimensional projected galaxy fields that we use, which naturally incorporates the curved-sky effects important on the largest scales. We find evidence for the signal by cross-correlating with an external estimate of the velocity field from the spectroscopic BOSS survey and rejecting the null (no-kSZ) hypothesis at $3.8\sigma$. Our work presents a first step towards the use of this observable for cosmological analyses., Comment: 16 pages (main)+5 pages (Appendix); 13 figures (main) + 8 figures (appendix)

Published
2024

2. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Systematic Transient Search of Single Observation Maps

Author

Biermann, Emily K., Li, Yaqiong, Naess, Sigurd, Choi, Steve K., Clark, Susan E., Devlin, Mark, Dunkley, Jo, Gallardo, P. A., Guan, Yilun, Foster, Allen, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Ho, Anna Y. Q., Hood II, John C., Huffenberger, Kevin M., Kosowsky, Arthur, Niemack, Michael D., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Salatino, Maria, Sifón, Cristóbal, Staggs, Suzanne T., Vargas, Cristian, and Wollack, Edward J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We conduct a systematic search for astrophysical transients using data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). The data were taken from 2017 to 2022 in three frequency bands spanning 77 GHz to 277 GHz. In this paper we present a pipeline for transient detection using single observation maps where each pixel of a map contains one observation with an integration time of approximately four minutes. We find 34 transient events at 27 unique locations. All but two of the transients are associated with Galactic stars and exhibit a wide range of properties. We also detect an event coincident with the classical nova, YZ Ret and one event consistent with a flaring active galactic nucleus. We notably do not detect any reverse shock emission from gamma ray bursts, a non-detection which is in tension with current models., Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, 10 tables. First and second author share equal contributions. Article and accompanying data submitted to ApJ. Data tables will be made available upon publication

Published
2024

3. Measuring the Impact of New Risk Factors Within Survival Models

Author

Heller, Glenn and Devlin, Sean M.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Survival is poor for patients with metastatic cancer, and it is vital to examine new biomarkers that can improve patient prognostication and identify those who would benefit from more aggressive therapy. In metastatic prostate cancer, two new assays have become available: one that quantifies the number of cancer cells circulating in the peripheral blood, and the other a marker of the aggressiveness of the disease. It is critical to determine the magnitude of the effect of these biomarkers on the discrimination of a model-based risk score. To do so, most analysts frequently consider the discrimination of two separate survival models: one that includes both the new and standard factors and a second that includes the standard factors alone. However, this analysis is ultimately incorrect for many of the scale-transformation models ubiquitous in survival, as the reduced model is misspecified if the full model is specified correctly. To circumvent this issue, we developed a projection-based approach to estimate the impact of the two prostate cancer biomarkers. The results indicate that the new biomarkers can influence model discrimination and justify their inclusion in the risk model; however, the hunt remains for an applicable model to risk-stratify patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

Published
2024

4. The RAdio Galaxy Environment Reference Survey (RAGERS): Evidence of an anisotropic distribution of submillimeter galaxies in the 4C 23.56 protocluster at z=2.48

Author

Zhou, Dazhi, Greve, Thomas R., Gullberg, Bitten, Lee, Minju M., Di Mascolo, Luca, Dicker, Simon R., Romero, Charles E., Chapman, Scott C., Chen, Chian-Chou, Cornish, Thomas, Devlin, Mark J., Ho, Luis C., Kohno, Kotaro, Lagos, Claudia D. P., Mason, Brian S., Mroczkowski, Tony, Wagg, Jeff F. W., Wang, Q. Daniel, Wang, Ran, Brinch, Malte., Dannerbauer, Helmut, Jiang, Xue-Jian, Lauritsen, Lynge R. B., Vijayan, Aswin P., Vizgan, David, Wardlow, Julie L., Sarazin, Craig L., Sarmiento, Karen P., Serjeant, Stephen, Bhandarkar, Tanay A., Haridas, Saianeesh K., Moravec, Emily, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Sievers, Jonathan L. R., Tanaka, Ichi, Wang, Yu-Jan, Zeballos, Milagros, Laza-Ramos, Andres, Liu, Yuanqi, Hassan, Mohd Shaiful Rizal, Jwel, Abdul Kadir Md, Nazri, Affan Adly, Lim, Ming-Kang, and Ibrahim, Ungku Ferwani Salwa Ungku

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

High-redshift radio(-loud) galaxies (H$z$RGs) are massive galaxies with powerful radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and serve as beacons for protocluster identification. However, the interplay between H$z$RGs and the large-scale environment remains unclear. To understand the connection between H$z$RGs and the surrounding obscured star formation, we investigated the overdensity and spatial distribution of submillimeter-bright galaxies (SMGs) in the field of 4C\,23.56, a well-known H$z$RG at $z=2.48$. We used SCUBA-2 data ($\sigma\,{\sim}\,0.6$\,mJy) to estimate the $850\,{\rm \mu m}$ source number counts and examine the radial and azimuthal overdensities of the $850\,{\rm \mu m}$ sources in the vicinity of the H$z$RG. The angular distribution of SMGs is inhomogeneous around the H$z$RG 4C\,23.56, with fewer sources oriented along the radio jet. We also find a significant overdensity of bright SMGs (${\rm S}_{850\rm\,\mu m}\geq5\,$mJy). Faint and bright SMGs exhibit different spatial distributions. The former are concentrated in the core region, while the latter prefer the outskirts of the H$z$RG field. High-resolution observations show that the seven brightest SMGs in our sample are intrinsically bright, suggesting that the overdensity of bright SMGs is less likely due to the source multiplicity., Comment: 19 pages, 17 figures, 5 tables, accepted to A&A

Published
2024

5. The nph2ph-transform: applications to the statistical analysis of completed clinical trials

Author

Devlin, Sean M. and O'Quigley, John

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

We present several illustrations from completed clinical trials on a statistical approach that allows us to gain useful insights regarding the time dependency of treatment effects. Our approach leans on a simple proposition: all non-proportional hazards (NPH) models are equivalent to a proportional hazards model. The nph2ph transform brings an NPH model into a PH form. We often find very simple approximations for this transform, enabling us to analyze complex NPH observations as though they had arisen under proportional hazards. Many techniques become available to us, and we use these to understand treatment effects better.

Published
2024

6. The Simons Observatory: Dark Characterization of the Large Aperture Telescope

Author

Haridas, Saianeesh K., Ahmed, Zeeshan, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Duff, Shannon M., Dutcher, Daniel, Harrington, Kathleen, Henderson, Shawn W., Hubmayr, Johannes, Johnson, Bradley R., Kofman, Anna, Manduca, Alex, Niemack, Michael D., Randall, Michael J., Satterthwaite, Thomas P., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Schmitt, Benjamin L., Sierra, Carlos, Silva-Feaver, Max, Thornton, Robert J., Wang, Yuhan, and Zheng, Kaiwen

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a cosmic microwave background experiment composed of three 0.42 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT) in the Atacama Desert of Chile. The Large Aperture Telescope Receiver (LATR) was integrated into the LAT in August 2023; however, because mirrors were not yet installed, the LATR optical chain was capped at the 4K stage. In this dark configuration we are able to characterize many elements of the instrument without contributions from atmospheric noise. Here we show this noise is below the required upper limit and its features are well described with a simple noise model. Maps produced using this noise model have properties that are in good agreement with the white noise levels of our dark data. Additionally, we show that our nominal scan strategy has a minimal effect on the noise when compared to the noise when the telescope is stationary

Published
2024
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7. Masses of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Galaxy Clusters Detected by The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Stacked Lensing Measurements with Subaru HSC Year 3 data

Author

Shirasaki, Masato, Sifón, Cristóbal, Miyatake, Hironao, Lau, Erwin, Zhang, Zhuowen, Bahcall, Neta, Devlin, Mark, Dunkley, Jo, Farahi, Arya, Hilton, Matt, Lin, Yen-Ting, Nagai, Daisuke, Staggs, Suzanne T., Sunayama, Tomomi, Spergel, David, and Wollack, Edward J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present a stacked lensing analysis of 96 galaxy clusters selected by the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We select foreground galaxy clusters with a $5\sigma$-level SZ threshold in CMB observations from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, while we define background source galaxies for the lensing analysis with secure photometric redshift cuts in Year 3 data of the Subaru Hyper Suprime Cam survey. We detect the stacked lensing signal in the range of $0.1 < R\, [h^{-1}\mathrm{Mpc}] < 100$ in each of three cluster redshift bins, $0.092

Published
2024

8. Evidence for large baryonic feedback at low and intermediate redshifts from kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich observations with ACT and DESI photometric galaxies

Author

Hadzhiyska, B., Ferraro, S., Guachalla, B. Ried, Schaan, E., Aguilar, J., Battaglia, N., Bond, J. R., Brooks, D., Calabrese, E., Choi, S. K., Claybaugh, T., Coulton, W. R., Dawson, K., Devlin, M., Dey, B., Doel, P., Duivenvoorden, A. J., Dunkley, J., Farren, G. S., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Romero, J. E., Gallardo, P. A., Gaztañaga, E., Gontcho, S. Gontcho, Gralla, M., Guillou, L. Le, Gutierrez, G., Guy, J., Hill, J. C., Hložek, R., Honscheid, K., Juneau, S., Kisner, T., Kremin, A., Landriau, M., Liu, R. H., Louis, T., MacCrann, N., de Macorra, A., Madhavacheril, M., Manera, M., Meisner, A., Miquel, R., Moodley, K., Moustakas, J., Mroczkowski, T., Naess, S., Newman, J., Niemack, M. D., Niz, G., Page, L., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Partridge, B., Percival, W. J., Prada, F., Qu, F. J., Rossi, G., Sanchez, E., Schlegel, D., Schubnell, M., Sehgal, N., Seo, H., Sifón, C., Spergel, D., Sprayberry, D., Staggs, S., Tarlé, G., Vargas, C., Vavagiakis, E. M., Weaver, B. A., Wollack, E. J., Zhou, R., and Zou, H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Recent advances in cosmological observations have provided an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the distribution of baryons relative to the underlying matter. In this work, we robustly show that the gas is much more extended than the dark matter at 40$\sigma$ and the amount of baryonic feedback at $z \lesssim 1$ strongly disfavors low-feedback models such as that of state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulation IllustrisTNG compared with high-feedback models such as that of the original Illustris simulation. This has important implications for bridging the gap between theory and observations and understanding galaxy formation and evolution. Furthermore, a better grasp of the baryon-dark matter link is critical to future cosmological analyses, which are currently impeded by our limited knowledge of baryonic feedback. Here, we measure the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), stacked on the luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) imaging survey. This is the first analysis to use photometric redshifts for reconstructing galaxy velocities. Due to the large number of galaxies comprising the DESI imaging survey, this is the highest signal-to-noise stacked kSZ measurement to date: we detect the signal at 13$\sigma$ and find that the gas is more spread out than the dark matter at $\sim$40$\sigma$. Our work opens up the possibility to recalibrate large hydrodynamical simulations using the kSZ effect. In addition, our findings point towards a way of alleviating inconsistencies between weak lensing surveys and cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments such as the `low $S_8$' tension, and shed light on long-standing enigmas in astrophysics such as the `missing baryon' problem., Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, submitting to PRL

Published
2024

9. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope DR6 and DESI: Structure formation over cosmic time with a measurement of the cross-correlation of CMB Lensing and Luminous Red Galaxies

Author

Kim, Joshua, Sailer, Noah, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Ferraro, Simone, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, Aguilar, Jessica Nicole, Ahlen, Steven, Bond, J. Richard, Brooks, David, Burtin, Etienne, Calabrese, Erminia, Chen, Shi-Fan, Choi, Steve K., Claybaugh, Todd, Darwish, Omar, de la Macorra, Axel, DeRose, Joseph, Devlin, Mark, Dey, Arjun, Doel, Peter, Dunkley, Jo, Embil-Villagra, Carmen, Farren, Gerrit S., Font-Ribera, Andreu, Forero-Romero, Jaime E., Gaztañaga, Enrique, Gluscevic, Vera, Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A, Guy, Julien, Honscheid, Klaus, Howlett, Cullan, Kirkby, David, Kisner, Theodore, Kremin, Anthony, Landriau, Martin, Guillou, Laurent Le, Levi, Michael E., MacCrann, Niall, Manera, Marc, Marques, Gabriela A., Meisner, Aaron, Miquel, Ramon, Moodley, Kavilan, Moustakas, John, Newburgh, Laura B., Newman, Jeffrey A., Niz, Gustavo, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, Percival, Will J., Prada, Francisco, Qu, Frank J., Rossi, Graziano, Sanchez, Eusebio, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schlafly, Edward F., Schlegel, David, Schubnell, Michael, Sehgal, Neelima, Seo, Hee-Jung, Shaikh, Shabbir, Sherwin, Blake D., Sifón, Cristóbal, Sprayberry, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Tarlé, Gregory, van Engelen, Alexander, Weaver, Benjamin Alan, Wenzl, Lukas, White, Martin, Wollack, Edward J., Yèche, Christophe, and Zou, Hu

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a high-significance cross-correlation of CMB lensing maps from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 6 (DR6) with spectroscopically calibrated luminous red galaxies (LRGs) from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). We detect this cross-correlation at a significance of 38$\sigma$; combining our measurement with the Planck Public Release 4 (PR4) lensing map, we detect the cross-correlation at 50$\sigma$. Fitting this jointly with the galaxy auto-correlation power spectrum to break the galaxy bias degeneracy with $\sigma_8$, we perform a tomographic analysis in four LRG redshift bins spanning $0.4 \le z \le 1.0$ to constrain the amplitude of matter density fluctuations through the parameter combination $S_8^\times = \sigma_8 \left(\Omega_m / 0.3\right)^{0.4}$. Prior to unblinding, we confirm with extragalactic simulations that foreground biases are negligible and carry out a comprehensive suite of null and consistency tests. Using a hybrid effective field theory (HEFT) model that allows scales as small as $k_{\rm max}=0.6$ $h/{\rm Mpc}$, we obtain a 3.3% constraint on $S_8^\times = \sigma_8 \left(\Omega_m / 0.3\right)^{0.4} = 0.792^{+0.024}_{-0.028}$ from ACT data, as well as constraints on $S_8^\times(z)$ that probe structure formation over cosmic time. Our result is consistent with the early-universe extrapolation from primary CMB anisotropies measured by Planck PR4 within 1.2$\sigma$. Jointly fitting ACT and Planck lensing cross-correlations we obtain a 2.7% constraint of $S_8^\times = 0.776^{+0.019}_{-0.021}$, which is consistent with the Planck early-universe extrapolation within 2.1$\sigma$, with the lowest redshift bin showing the largest difference in mean. The latter may motivate further CMB lensing tomography analyses at $z<0.6$ to assess the impact of potential systematics or the consistency of the $\Lambda$CDM model over cosmic time., Comment: Prepared for submission to JCAP (47 pages, 13 figures)

Published
2024

10. Efficient Offline Reinforcement Learning: The Critic is Critical

Author

Jelley, Adam, McInroe, Trevor, Devlin, Sam, and Storkey, Amos

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Recent work has demonstrated both benefits and limitations from using supervised approaches (without temporal-difference learning) for offline reinforcement learning. While off-policy reinforcement learning provides a promising approach for improving performance beyond supervised approaches, we observe that training is often inefficient and unstable due to temporal difference bootstrapping. In this paper we propose a best-of-both approach by first learning the behavior policy and critic with supervised learning, before improving with off-policy reinforcement learning. Specifically, we demonstrate improved efficiency by pre-training with a supervised Monte-Carlo value-error, making use of commonly neglected downstream information from the provided offline trajectories. We find that we are able to more than halve the training time of the considered offline algorithms on standard benchmarks, and surprisingly also achieve greater stability. We further build on the importance of having consistent policy and value functions to propose novel hybrid algorithms, TD3+BC+CQL and EDAC+BC, that regularize both the actor and the critic towards the behavior policy. This helps to more reliably improve on the behavior policy when learning from limited human demonstrations. Code is available at https://github.com/AdamJelley/EfficientOfflineRL

Published
2024

11. Aligning Agents like Large Language Models

Author

Jelley, Adam, Cao, Yuhan, Bignell, Dave, Devlin, Sam, and Rashid, Tabish

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Training agents to behave as desired in complex 3D environments from high-dimensional sensory information is challenging. Imitation learning from diverse human behavior provides a scalable approach for training an agent with a sensible behavioral prior, but such an agent may not perform the specific behaviors of interest when deployed. To address this issue, we draw an analogy between the undesirable behaviors of imitation learning agents and the unhelpful responses of unaligned large language models (LLMs). We then investigate how the procedure for aligning LLMs can be applied to aligning agents in a 3D environment from pixels. For our analysis, we utilize an academically illustrative part of a modern console game in which the human behavior distribution is multi-modal, but we want our agent to imitate a single mode of this behavior. We demonstrate that we can align our agent to consistently perform the desired mode, while providing insights and advice for successfully applying this approach to training agents. Project webpage at https://adamjelley.github.io/aligning-agents-like-llms .

Published
2024

12. The Simons Observatory: Studies of Detector Yield and Readout Noise From the First Large-Scale Deployment of Microwave Multiplexing at the Large Aperture Telescope

Author

Satterthwaite, Thomas P., Ahmed, Zeeshan, Bae, Kyuyoung, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Duff, Shannon M., Dutcher, Daniel, Haridas, Saianeesh K., Henderson, Shawn W., Hubmayr, Johannes, Johnson, Bradley R., Kofman, Anna, Lashner, Jack, Link, Michael J., Lucas, Tammy J., Manduca, Alex, Niemack, Michael D., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Pinsonneault-Marotte, Tristan, Silva-Feaver, Max, Staggs, Suzanne, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wang, Yuhan, and Zheng, Kaiwen

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory is a new ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment, which is currently being commissioned in Chile's Atacama Desert. During its survey, the observatory's small aperture telescopes will map 10% of the sky in bands centered at frequencies ranging from 27 to 280 GHz to constrain cosmic inflation models, and its large aperture telescope will map 40% of the sky in the same bands to constrain cosmological parameters and use weak lensing to study large-scale structure. To achieve these science goals, the Simons Observatory is deploying these telescopes' receivers with 60,000 state-of-the-art superconducting transition-edge sensor bolometers for its first five year survey. Reading out this unprecedented number of cryogenic sensors, however, required the development of a novel readout system. The SMuRF electronics were developed to enable high-density readout of superconducting sensors using cryogenic microwave SQUID multiplexing technology. The commissioning of the SMuRF systems at the Simons Observatory is the largest deployment to date of microwave multiplexing technology for transition-edge sensors. In this paper, we show that a significant fraction of the systems deployed so far to the Simons Observatory's large aperture telescope meet baseline specifications for detector yield and readout noise in this early phase of commissioning., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. To be presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2024

Published
2024
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13. The tilting property for $F_*^e\mathcal O_X$ on Fano surfaces and threefolds

Author

Mallory, Devlin

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, Mathematics - Commutative Algebra
Abstract

Let $X$ be a smooth variety over a field of characteristic $p$. It is a natural question whether the Frobenius pushforwards $F_*^e\mathcal O_X$ of the structure sheaf are tilting bundles. We show if $X$ is a smooth del Pezzo surface of degree $\leq 3$ or a Fano threefold with $\mathrm{vol}(K_X)<24$ over a field of characteristic $p$, then $\mathrm{Ext}^i(F_*^e\mathcal O_X,F^e_*\mathcal O_X)\neq 0$ and thus $F_*^e\mathcal O_X$ is not tilting., Comment: 8 pages, comments welcome

Published
2024

14. Evolution of locally dependent random graphs

Author

Brody, Joshua, Devlin, Pat, Dudeja, Aditi, and Rivkin, Emmi

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics, 05C80 (primary)
Abstract

In this paper we study $d$-dependent random graphs -- introduced by Brody and Sanchez -- which are the family of random graph distributions where each edge is present with probability $p$, and each edge is independent of all but at most $d$ other edges. For this random graph model, we analyze degree sequences, jumbledness, connectivity, and subgraph containment. Our results mirror those of the classical Erd\H{o}s--R\'enyi random graph, which are recovered by specializing our problem to $d=0$, although we show that in many regards our setting is appreciably more nuanced. We survey what is known for this model and conclude with a variety of open questions., Comment: 12 pages

Published
2024

15. Simons Observatory: Pre-deployment Performance of a Large Aperture Telescope Optics Tube in the 90 and 150 GHz Spectral Bands

Author

Sierra, Carlos E., Harrington, Kathleen, Sutariya, Shreya, Alford, Thomas, Kofman, Anna M., Chesmore, Grace E., Austermann, Jason E., Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bhandarkar, Tanay, Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon R., Dow, Peter N., Duff, Shannon M., Dutcher, Daniel, Galitzki, Nicholas, Golec, Joseph E., Groh, John C., Gudmundsson, Jon E., Haridas, Saianeesh K., Healy, Erin, Hubmayr, Johannes, Iuliano, Jeffrey, Johnson, Bradley R., Lessler, Claire S., Lew, Richard A., Link, Michael J., Lucas, Tammy J., McMahon, Jeffrey J., Moore, Jenna E., Nati, Federico, Niemack, Michael D., Schmitt, Benjamin L., Silva-Feaver, Max, Singh, Robinjeet, Sonka, Rita F., Thomas, Alex, Thornton, Robert J., Tsan, Tran, Ullom, Joel N., Van Lanen, Jeffrey L., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vissers, Michael R., Wang, Yuhan, and Zheng, Kaiwen

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory will map the temperature and polarization over half of the sky, at millimeter wavelengths in six spectral bands from the Atacama Desert in Chile. These data will provide new insights into the genesis, content, and history of our Universe; the astrophysics of galaxies and galaxy clusters; objects in our solar system; and time-varying astrophysical phenomena. This ambitious new instrument suite, initially comprising three 0.5 m small-aperture telescopes and one 6 m large aperture telescope, is designed using a common combination of new technologies and new implementations to realize an observatory significantly more capable than the previous generation. In this paper, we present the pre-deployment performance of the first mid-frequency "optics tube" which will be fielded on the large aperture telescope with sensitivity to the 90 and 150 GHz spectral bands. This optics tube contains lenses, filters, detectors, and readout components, all of which operate at cryogenic temperatures. It is one of seven that form the core of the large aperture telescope receiver in its initial deployment. We describe this optics tube, including details of comprehensive testing methods, new techniques for beam and passband characterization, and its measured performance. The performance metrics include beams, optical efficiency, passbands, and forecasts for the on-sky performance of the system. We forecast a sensitivity that exceeds the requirements of the large aperture telescope with greater than 30% margin in each spectral band, and predict that the instrument will realize diffraction-limited performance and the expected detector passbands.

Published
2024

16. Familiar Sequences Are Processed Faster than Unfamiliar Sequences, Even When They Do Not Match the Count-List

Author

Declan Devlin, Korbinian Moeller, Iro Xenidou-Dervou, Bert Reynvoet, and Francesco Sella

Abstract

In order processing, consecutive sequences (e.g., 1-2-3) are generally processed faster than nonconsecutive sequences (e.g., 1-3-5) (also referred to as the reverse distance effect). A common explanation for this effect is that order processing operates via a memory-based associative mechanism whereby consecutive sequences are processed faster because they are more familiar and thus more easily retrieved from memory. Conflicting with this proposal, however, is the finding that this effect is often absent. A possible explanation for these absences is that familiarity may vary both within and across sequence types; therefore, not all consecutive sequences are necessarily more familiar than all nonconsecutive sequences. Accordingly, under this familiarity perspective, familiar sequences should always be processed faster than unfamiliar sequences, but consecutive sequences may not always be processed faster than nonconsecutive sequences. To test this hypothesis in an adult population, we used a comparative judgment approach to measure familiarity at the individual sequence level. Using this measure, we found that although not all participants showed a reverse distance effect, all participants displayed a familiarity effect. Notably, this familiarity effect appeared stronger than the reverse distance effect at both the group and individual level; thus, suggesting the reverse distance effect may be better conceptualized as a specific instance of a more general familiarity effect.

Published
2024
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17. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Cosmology from Cross-correlations of unWISE Galaxies and ACT DR6 CMB Lensing

Author

Farren, Gerrit S, Krolewski, Alex, MacCrann, Niall, Ferraro, Simone, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, An, Rui, Atkins, Zachary, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bond, J Richard, Calabrese, Erminia, Choi, Steve K, Darwish, Omar, Devlin, Mark J, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J, Dunkley, Jo, Hill, J Colin, Hilton, Matt, Huffenberger, Kevin M, Kim, Joshua, Louis, Thibaut, Madhavacheril, Mathew S, Marques, Gabriela A, McMahon, Jeff, Moodley, Kavilan, Page, Lyman A, Partridge, Bruce, Qu, Frank J, Schaan, Emmanuel, Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake D, Sifón, Cristóbal, Staggs, Suzanne T, Van Engelen, Alexander, Vargas, Cristian, Wenzl, Lukas, White, Martin, and Wollack, Edward J

Subjects
Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

We present tomographic measurements of structure growth using cross-correlations of Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) DR6 and Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing maps with the unWISE Blue and Green galaxy samples, which span the redshift ranges 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 1.1 and 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 1.8, respectively. We improve on prior unWISE cross-correlations not just by making use of the new, high-precision ACT DR6 lensing maps, but also by including additional spectroscopic data for redshift calibration and by analyzing our measurements with a more flexible theoretical model. We determine the amplitude of matter fluctuations at low redshifts (z ≃ 0.2-1.6), finding S 8 ≡ σ 8 ( Ω m / 0.3 ) 0.5 = 0.813 ± 0.021 using the ACT cross-correlation alone and S 8 = 0.810 ± 0.015 with a combination of Planck and ACT cross-correlations; these measurements are fully consistent with the predictions from primary CMB measurements assuming standard structure growth. The addition of baryon acoustic oscillation data breaks the degeneracy between σ 8 and Ωm , allowing us to measure σ 8 = 0.813 ± 0.020 from the cross-correlation of unWISE with ACT and σ 8 = 0.813 ± 0.015 from the combination of cross-correlations with ACT and Planck. These results also agree with the expectations from primary CMB extrapolations in ΛCDM cosmology; the consistency of σ 8 derived from our two redshift samples at z ∼ 0.6 and 1.1 provides a further check of our cosmological model. Our results suggest that structure formation on linear scales is well described by ΛCDM even down to low redshifts z ≲ 1.

Published
2024

18. Orders of Magnitude Improved Cyclotron-Mode Cooling for Non-Destructive Spin Quantum Transition Spectroscopy with Single Trapped Antiprotons

Author

Latacz, B. M., Fleck, M., Jaeger, J. I., Umbrazunas, G., Arndt, B. P., Erlewein, S. R., Wursten, E. J., Devlin, J. A., Micke, P., Abbass, F., Schweitzer, D., Wiesinger, M., Will, C., Yildiz, H., Blaum, K., Matsuda, Y., Mooser, A., Ospelkaus, C., Soter, A., Quint, W., Walz, J., Yamazaki, Y., Smorra, C., and Ulmer, S.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We demonstrate efficient sub-thermal cooling of the modified cyclotron mode of a single trapped antiproton and reach particle temperatures $T_+=E_+/k_\text{B}$ below $200\,$mK in preparation times shorter than $500\,$s. This corresponds to the fastest resistive single-particle cyclotron cooling to sub-thermal temperatures ever demonstrated. By cooling trapped particles to such low energies, we demonstrate the detection of antiproton spin transitions with an error-rate $<0.000025$, more than three orders of magnitude better than in previous best experiments. This method will have enormous impact on multi-Penning-trap experiments that measure magnetic moments with single nuclear spins for tests of matter/antimatter symmetry, high-precision mass-spectrometry, and measurements of electron $g$-factors bound to highly-charged ions that test quantum electrodynamics.

Published
2024

19. Nuclear charge radii of germanium isotopes around $N$ = 40

Author

Wang, S. J., Kanellakopoulos, A., Yang, X. F., Bai, S. W., Billowes, J., Bissell, M. L., Blaum, K., Cheal, B., Devlin, C. S., Ruiz, R. F. Garcia, Han, J. Z., Heylen, H., Kaufmann, S., Konig, K., Koszorus, A., Lechner, S., Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S., Nazarewicz, W., Neugart, R., Neyens, G., Nortershauser, W., Ratajczyk, T., Reinhard, P. -G., Rodrıguez, L. V., Sels, S., Xie, L., Xu, Z. Y., Yordanov, D. T., and Yu, Y. M.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Collinear laser spectroscopy measurements were performed on $^{68-74}$Ge isotopes ($Z = 32$) at ISOLDE-CERN, by probing the $4s^2 4p^2 \, ^3\!P_1 \rightarrow 4s^2 4p 5s \, ^3\!P_1^o$ atomic transition (269~nm) of germanium. Nuclear charge radii are determined via the measured isotope shifts, revealing a larger local variation than the neighboring isotopic chains. Nuclear density functional theory with the Fayans functionals Fy($\Delta r$,HFB) and Fy(IVP), and the SV-min Skyrme describes the experimental data for the differential charge radii $\delta\langle r^{2} \rangle$ and charge radii $R_{\rm c}$ within the theoretical uncertainties. The observed large variation in the charge radii of germanium isotopes is better accounted for by theoretical models incorporating ground state quadrupole correlations. This suggests that the polarization effects due to pairing and deformation contribute to the observed large odd-even staggering in the charge radii of the Ge isotopic chain., Comment: 6 pages,5 figures

Published
2024

20. Sensitive 3mm Imaging of Discrete Sources in the Fields of tSZ-Selected Galaxy Clusters

Author

Dicker, Simon R., Sarmiento, Karen Perez, Mason, Brian, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Devlin, Mark J., Di Mascolo, Luca, Haridas, Saianeesh, Hilton, Matt, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Moravec, Emily, Mroczkowski, Tony, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Romero, Charles, Sarazin, Craig L., and Sievers, Jonathan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

In this paper we present the results of a blind survey for compact sources in 243 Galaxy clusters that were identified using the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (tSZ). The survey was carried out at 90 GHz using MUSTANG2 on the Green Bank telescope and achieved a $5\sigma$ detection limit of 1 mJy in the center of each cluster. We detected 24 discrete sources. The majority (18) of these correspond to known radio sources, and of these, 5 show signs of significant variability, either with time or in spectral index. The remaining sources have no clear counterparts at other wavelengths. Searches for galaxy clusters via the tSZ effect strongly rely on observations at 90 GHz, and the sources found have the potential to bias mass estimates of clusters. We compare our results to the simulation Websky that can be used to estimate the source contamination in galaxy cluster catalogs. While the simulation showed a good match to our observations at the clusters' centers, it does not match our source distribution further out. Sources over 104" from a cluster's center bias the tSZ signal high, for some of our sources, by over 50%. When averaged over the whole cluster population the effect is smaller but still at a level of 1 to 2%. We also discovered that unlike previous measurements and simulations we see an enhancement of source counts in the outer regions of the clusters and fewer sources than expected in the centers of this tSZ selected sample., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures and 2 tables Extended version of figure 4 is included and the full data for table 1 can be found as the auxiliary file tab1.txt

Published
2024
Full Text
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21. Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context

Author

Gemini Team, Georgiev, Petko, Lei, Ving Ian, Burnell, Ryan, Bai, Libin, Gulati, Anmol, Tanzer, Garrett, Vincent, Damien, Pan, Zhufeng, Wang, Shibo, Mariooryad, Soroosh, Ding, Yifan, Geng, Xinyang, Alcober, Fred, Frostig, Roy, Omernick, Mark, Walker, Lexi, Paduraru, Cosmin, Sorokin, Christina, Tacchetti, Andrea, Gaffney, Colin, Daruki, Samira, Sercinoglu, Olcan, Gleicher, Zach, Love, Juliette, Voigtlaender, Paul, Jain, Rohan, Surita, Gabriela, Mohamed, Kareem, Blevins, Rory, Ahn, Junwhan, Zhu, Tao, Kawintiranon, Kornraphop, Firat, Orhan, Gu, Yiming, Zhang, Yujing, Rahtz, Matthew, Faruqui, Manaal, Clay, Natalie, Gilmer, Justin, Co-Reyes, JD, Penchev, Ivo, Zhu, Rui, Morioka, Nobuyuki, Hui, Kevin, Haridasan, Krishna, Campos, Victor, Mahdieh, Mahdis, Guo, Mandy, Hassan, Samer, Kilgour, Kevin, Vezer, Arpi, Cheng, Heng-Tze, de Liedekerke, Raoul, Goyal, Siddharth, Barham, Paul, Strouse, DJ, Noury, Seb, Adler, Jonas, Sundararajan, Mukund, Vikram, Sharad, Lepikhin, Dmitry, Paganini, Michela, Garcia, Xavier, Yang, Fan, Valter, Dasha, Trebacz, Maja, Vodrahalli, Kiran, Asawaroengchai, Chulayuth, Ring, Roman, Kalb, Norbert, Soares, Livio Baldini, Brahma, Siddhartha, Steiner, David, Yu, Tianhe, Mentzer, Fabian, He, Antoine, Gonzalez, Lucas, Xu, Bibo, Kaufman, Raphael Lopez, Shafey, Laurent El, Oh, Junhyuk, Hennigan, Tom, Driessche, George van den, Odoom, Seth, Lucic, Mario, Roelofs, Becca, Lall, Sid, Marathe, Amit, Chan, Betty, Ontanon, Santiago, He, Luheng, Teplyashin, Denis, Lai, Jonathan, Crone, Phil, Damoc, Bogdan, Ho, Lewis, Riedel, Sebastian, Lenc, Karel, Yeh, Chih-Kuan, Chowdhery, Aakanksha, Xu, Yang, Kazemi, Mehran, Amid, Ehsan, Petrushkina, Anastasia, Swersky, Kevin, Khodaei, Ali, Chen, Gowoon, Larkin, Chris, Pinto, Mario, Yan, Geng, Badia, Adria Puigdomenech, Patil, Piyush, Hansen, Steven, Orr, Dave, Arnold, Sebastien M. R., Grimstad, Jordan, Dai, Andrew, Douglas, Sholto, Sinha, Rishika, Yadav, Vikas, Chen, Xi, Gribovskaya, Elena, Austin, Jacob, Zhao, Jeffrey, Patel, Kaushal, Komarek, Paul, Austin, Sophia, Borgeaud, Sebastian, Friso, Linda, Goyal, Abhimanyu, Caine, Ben, Cao, Kris, Chung, Da-Woon, Lamm, Matthew, Barth-Maron, Gabe, Kagohara, Thais, Olszewska, Kate, Chen, Mia, Shivakumar, Kaushik, Agarwal, Rishabh, Godhia, Harshal, Rajwar, Ravi, Snaider, Javier, Dotiwalla, Xerxes, Liu, Yuan, Barua, Aditya, Ungureanu, Victor, Zhang, Yuan, Batsaikhan, Bat-Orgil, Wirth, Mateo, Qin, James, Danihelka, Ivo, Doshi, Tulsee, Chadwick, Martin, Chen, Jilin, Jain, Sanil, Le, Quoc, Kar, Arjun, Gurumurthy, Madhu, Li, Cheng, Sang, Ruoxin, Liu, Fangyu, Lamprou, Lampros, Munoz, Rich, Lintz, Nathan, Mehta, Harsh, Howard, Heidi, Reynolds, Malcolm, Aroyo, Lora, Wang, Quan, Blanco, Lorenzo, Cassirer, Albin, Griffith, Jordan, Das, Dipanjan, Lee, Stephan, Sygnowski, Jakub, Fisher, Zach, Besley, James, Powell, Richard, Ahmed, Zafarali, Paulus, Dominik, Reitter, David, Borsos, Zalan, Joshi, Rishabh, Pope, Aedan, Hand, Steven, Selo, Vittorio, Jain, Vihan, Sethi, Nikhil, Goel, Megha, Makino, Takaki, May, Rhys, Yang, Zhen, Schalkwyk, Johan, Butterfield, Christina, Hauth, Anja, Goldin, Alex, Hawkins, Will, Senter, Evan, Brin, Sergey, Woodman, Oliver, Ritter, Marvin, Noland, Eric, Giang, Minh, Bolina, Vijay, Lee, Lisa, Blyth, Tim, Mackinnon, Ian, Reid, Machel, Sarvana, Obaid, Silver, David, Chen, Alexander, Wang, Lily, Maggiore, Loren, Chang, Oscar, Attaluri, Nithya, Thornton, Gregory, Chiu, Chung-Cheng, Bunyan, Oskar, Levine, Nir, Chung, Timothy, Eltyshev, Evgenii, Si, Xiance, Lillicrap, Timothy, Brady, Demetra, Aggarwal, Vaibhav, Wu, Boxi, Xu, Yuanzhong, McIlroy, Ross, Badola, Kartikeya, Sandhu, Paramjit, Moreira, Erica, Stokowiec, Wojciech, Hemsley, Ross, Li, Dong, Tudor, Alex, Shyam, Pranav, Rahimtoroghi, Elahe, Haykal, Salem, Sprechmann, Pablo, Zhou, Xiang, Mincu, Diana, Li, Yujia, Addanki, Ravi, Krishna, Kalpesh, Wu, Xiao, Frechette, Alexandre, Eyal, Matan, Dafoe, Allan, Lacey, Dave, Whang, Jay, Avrahami, Thi, Zhang, Ye, Taropa, Emanuel, Lin, Hanzhao, Toyama, Daniel, Rutherford, Eliza, Sano, Motoki, Choe, HyunJeong, Tomala, Alex, Safranek-Shrader, Chalence, Kassner, Nora, Pajarskas, Mantas, Harvey, Matt, Sechrist, Sean, Fortunato, Meire, Lyu, Christina, Elsayed, Gamaleldin, Kuang, Chenkai, Lottes, James, Chu, Eric, Jia, Chao, Chen, Chih-Wei, Humphreys, Peter, Baumli, Kate, Tao, Connie, Samuel, Rajkumar, Santos, Cicero Nogueira dos, Andreassen, Anders, Rakićević, Nemanja, Grewe, Dominik, Kumar, Aviral, Winkler, Stephanie, Caton, Jonathan, Brock, Andrew, Dalmia, Sid, Sheahan, Hannah, Barr, Iain, Miao, Yingjie, Natsev, Paul, Devlin, Jacob, Behbahani, Feryal, Prost, Flavien, Sun, Yanhua, Myaskovsky, Artiom, Pillai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana, Hurt, Dan, Lazaridou, Angeliki, Xiong, Xi, Zheng, Ce, Pardo, Fabio, Li, Xiaowei, Horgan, Dan, Stanton, Joe, Ambar, Moran, Xia, Fei, Lince, Alejandro, Wang, Mingqiu, Mustafa, Basil, Webson, Albert, Lee, Hyo, Anil, Rohan, Wicke, Martin, Dozat, Timothy, Sinha, Abhishek, Piqueras, Enrique, Dabir, Elahe, Upadhyay, Shyam, Boral, Anudhyan, Hendricks, Lisa Anne, Fry, Corey, Djolonga, Josip, Su, Yi, Walker, Jake, Labanowski, Jane, Huang, Ronny, Misra, Vedant, Chen, Jeremy, Skerry-Ryan, RJ, Singh, Avi, Rijhwani, Shruti, Yu, Dian, Castro-Ros, Alex, Changpinyo, Beer, Datta, Romina, Bagri, Sumit, Hrafnkelsson, Arnar Mar, Maggioni, Marcello, Zheng, Daniel, Sulsky, Yury, Hou, Shaobo, Paine, Tom Le, Yang, Antoine, Riesa, Jason, Rogozinska, Dominika, Marcus, Dror, Badawy, Dalia El, Zhang, Qiao, Wang, Luyu, Miller, Helen, Greer, Jeremy, Sjos, Lars Lowe, Nova, Azade, Zen, Heiga, Chaabouni, Rahma, Rosca, Mihaela, Jiang, Jiepu, Chen, Charlie, Liu, Ruibo, Sainath, Tara, Krikun, Maxim, Polozov, Alex, Lespiau, Jean-Baptiste, Newlan, Josh, Cankara, Zeyncep, Kwak, Soo, Xu, Yunhan, Chen, Phil, Coenen, Andy, Meyer, Clemens, Tsihlas, Katerina, Ma, Ada, Gottweis, Juraj, Xing, Jinwei, Gu, Chenjie, Miao, Jin, Frank, Christian, Cankara, Zeynep, Ganapathy, Sanjay, Dasgupta, Ishita, Hughes-Fitt, Steph, Chen, Heng, Reid, David, Rong, Keran, Fan, Hongmin, van Amersfoort, Joost, Zhuang, Vincent, Cohen, Aaron, Gu, Shixiang Shane, Mohananey, Anhad, Ilic, Anastasija, Tobin, Taylor, Wieting, John, Bortsova, Anna, Thacker, Phoebe, Wang, Emma, Caveness, Emily, Chiu, Justin, Sezener, Eren, Kaskasoli, Alex, Baker, Steven, Millican, Katie, Elhawaty, Mohamed, Aisopos, Kostas, Lebsack, Carl, Byrd, Nathan, Dai, Hanjun, Jia, Wenhao, Wiethoff, Matthew, Davoodi, Elnaz, Weston, Albert, Yagati, Lakshman, Ahuja, Arun, Gao, Isabel, Pundak, Golan, Zhang, Susan, Azzam, Michael, Sim, Khe Chai, Caelles, Sergi, Keeling, James, Sharma, Abhanshu, Swing, Andy, Li, YaGuang, Liu, Chenxi, Bostock, Carrie Grimes, Bansal, Yamini, Nado, Zachary, Anand, Ankesh, Lipschultz, Josh, Karmarkar, Abhijit, Proleev, Lev, Ittycheriah, Abe, Yeganeh, Soheil Hassas, Polovets, George, Faust, Aleksandra, Sun, Jiao, Rrustemi, Alban, Li, Pen, Shivanna, Rakesh, Liu, Jeremiah, Welty, Chris, Lebron, Federico, Baddepudi, Anirudh, Krause, Sebastian, Parisotto, Emilio, Soricut, Radu, Xu, Zheng, Bloxwich, Dawn, Johnson, Melvin, Neyshabur, Behnam, Mao-Jones, Justin, Wang, Renshen, Ramasesh, Vinay, Abbas, Zaheer, Guez, Arthur, Segal, Constant, Nguyen, Duc Dung, Svensson, James, Hou, Le, York, Sarah, Milan, Kieran, Bridgers, Sophie, Gworek, Wiktor, Tagliasacchi, Marco, Lee-Thorp, James, Chang, Michael, Guseynov, Alexey, Hartman, Ale Jakse, Kwong, Michael, Zhao, Ruizhe, Kashem, Sheleem, Cole, Elizabeth, Miech, Antoine, Tanburn, Richard, Phuong, Mary, Pavetic, Filip, Cevey, Sebastien, Comanescu, Ramona, Ives, Richard, Yang, Sherry, Du, Cosmo, Li, Bo, Zhang, Zizhao, Iinuma, Mariko, Hu, Clara Huiyi, Roy, Aurko, Bijwadia, Shaan, Zhu, Zhenkai, Martins, Danilo, Saputro, Rachel, Gergely, Anita, Zheng, Steven, Jia, Dawei, Antonoglou, Ioannis, Sadovsky, Adam, Gu, Shane, Bi, Yingying, Andreev, Alek, Samangooei, Sina, Khan, Mina, Kocisky, Tomas, Filos, Angelos, Kumar, Chintu, Bishop, Colton, Yu, Adams, Hodkinson, Sarah, Mittal, Sid, Shah, Premal, Moufarek, Alexandre, Cheng, Yong, Bloniarz, Adam, Lee, Jaehoon, Pejman, Pedram, Michel, Paul, Spencer, Stephen, Feinberg, Vladimir, Xiong, Xuehan, Savinov, Nikolay, Smith, Charlotte, Shakeri, Siamak, Tran, Dustin, Chesus, Mary, Bohnet, Bernd, Tucker, George, von Glehn, Tamara, Muir, Carrie, Mao, Yiran, Kazawa, Hideto, Slone, Ambrose, Soparkar, Kedar, Shrivastava, Disha, Cobon-Kerr, James, Sharman, Michael, Pavagadhi, Jay, Araya, Carlos, Misiunas, Karolis, Ghelani, Nimesh, Laskin, Michael, Barker, David, Li, Qiujia, Briukhov, Anton, Houlsby, Neil, Glaese, Mia, Lakshminarayanan, Balaji, Schucher, Nathan, Tang, Yunhao, Collins, Eli, Lim, Hyeontaek, Feng, Fangxiaoyu, Recasens, Adria, Lai, Guangda, Magni, Alberto, De Cao, Nicola, Siddhant, Aditya, Ashwood, Zoe, Orbay, Jordi, Dehghani, Mostafa, Brennan, Jenny, He, Yifan, Xu, Kelvin, Gao, Yang, Saroufim, Carl, Molloy, James, Wu, Xinyi, Arnold, Seb, Chang, Solomon, Schrittwieser, Julian, Buchatskaya, Elena, Radpour, Soroush, Polacek, Martin, Giordano, Skye, Bapna, Ankur, Tokumine, Simon, Hellendoorn, Vincent, Sottiaux, Thibault, Cogan, Sarah, Severyn, Aliaksei, Saleh, Mohammad, Thakoor, Shantanu, Shefey, Laurent, Qiao, Siyuan, Gaba, Meenu, Chang, Shuo-yiin, Swanson, Craig, Zhang, Biao, Lee, Benjamin, Rubenstein, Paul Kishan, Song, Gan, Kwiatkowski, Tom, Koop, Anna, Kannan, Ajay, Kao, David, Schuh, Parker, Stjerngren, Axel, Ghiasi, Golnaz, Gibson, Gena, Vilnis, Luke, Yuan, Ye, Ferreira, Felipe Tiengo, Kamath, Aishwarya, Klimenko, Ted, Franko, Ken, Xiao, Kefan, Bhattacharya, Indro, Patel, Miteyan, Wang, Rui, Morris, Alex, Strudel, Robin, Sharma, Vivek, Choy, Peter, Hashemi, Sayed Hadi, Landon, Jessica, Finkelstein, Mara, Jhakra, Priya, Frye, Justin, Barnes, Megan, Mauger, Matthew, Daun, Dennis, Baatarsukh, Khuslen, Tung, Matthew, Farhan, Wael, Michalewski, Henryk, Viola, Fabio, Quitry, Felix de Chaumont, Lan, Charline Le, Hudson, Tom, Wang, Qingze, Fischer, Felix, Zheng, Ivy, White, Elspeth, Dragan, Anca, Alayrac, Jean-baptiste, Ni, Eric, Pritzel, Alexander, Iwanicki, Adam, Isard, Michael, Bulanova, Anna, Zilka, Lukas, Dyer, Ethan, Sachan, Devendra, Srinivasan, Srivatsan, Muckenhirn, Hannah, Cai, Honglong, Mandhane, Amol, Tariq, Mukarram, Rae, Jack W., Wang, Gary, Ayoub, Kareem, FitzGerald, Nicholas, Zhao, Yao, Han, Woohyun, Alberti, Chris, Garrette, Dan, Krishnakumar, Kashyap, Gimenez, Mai, Levskaya, Anselm, Sohn, Daniel, Matak, Josip, Iturrate, Inaki, Chang, Michael B., Xiang, Jackie, Cao, Yuan, Ranka, Nishant, Brown, Geoff, Hutter, Adrian, Mirrokni, Vahab, Chen, Nanxin, Yao, Kaisheng, Egyed, Zoltan, Galilee, Francois, Liechty, Tyler, Kallakuri, Praveen, Palmer, Evan, Ghemawat, Sanjay, Liu, Jasmine, Tao, David, Thornton, Chloe, Green, Tim, Jasarevic, Mimi, Lin, Sharon, Cotruta, Victor, Tan, Yi-Xuan, Fiedel, Noah, Yu, Hongkun, Chi, Ed, Neitz, Alexander, Heitkaemper, Jens, Sinha, Anu, Zhou, Denny, Sun, Yi, Kaed, Charbel, Hulse, Brice, Mishra, Swaroop, Georgaki, Maria, Kudugunta, Sneha, Farabet, Clement, Shafran, Izhak, Vlasic, Daniel, Tsitsulin, Anton, Ananthanarayanan, Rajagopal, Carin, Alen, Su, Guolong, Sun, Pei, V, Shashank, Carvajal, Gabriel, Broder, Josef, Comsa, Iulia, Repina, Alena, Wong, William, Chen, Warren Weilun, Hawkins, Peter, Filonov, Egor, Loher, Lucia, Hirnschall, Christoph, Wang, Weiyi, Ye, Jingchen, Burns, Andrea, Cate, Hardie, Wright, Diana Gage, Piccinini, Federico, Zhang, Lei, Lin, Chu-Cheng, Gog, Ionel, Kulizhskaya, Yana, Sreevatsa, Ashwin, Song, Shuang, Cobo, Luis C., Iyer, Anand, Tekur, Chetan, Garrido, Guillermo, Xiao, Zhuyun, Kemp, Rupert, Zheng, Huaixiu Steven, Li, Hui, Agarwal, Ananth, Ngani, Christel, Goshvadi, Kati, Santamaria-Fernandez, Rebeca, Fica, Wojciech, Chen, Xinyun, Gorgolewski, Chris, Sun, Sean, Garg, Roopal, Ye, Xinyu, Eslami, S. M. Ali, Hua, Nan, Simon, Jon, Joshi, Pratik, Kim, Yelin, Tenney, Ian, Potluri, Sahitya, Thiet, Lam Nguyen, Yuan, Quan, Luisier, Florian, Chronopoulou, Alexandra, Scellato, Salvatore, Srinivasan, Praveen, Chen, Minmin, Koverkathu, Vinod, Dalibard, Valentin, Xu, Yaming, Saeta, Brennan, Anderson, Keith, Sellam, Thibault, Fernando, Nick, Huot, Fantine, Jung, Junehyuk, Varadarajan, Mani, Quinn, Michael, Raul, Amit, Le, Maigo, Habalov, Ruslan, Clark, Jon, Jalan, Komal, Bullard, Kalesha, Singhal, Achintya, Luong, Thang, Wang, Boyu, Rajayogam, Sujeevan, Eisenschlos, Julian, Jia, Johnson, Finchelstein, Daniel, Yakubovich, Alex, Balle, Daniel, Fink, Michael, Agarwal, Sameer, Li, Jing, Dvijotham, Dj, Pal, Shalini, Kang, Kai, Konzelmann, Jaclyn, Beattie, Jennifer, Dousse, Olivier, Wu, Diane, Crocker, Remi, Elkind, Chen, Jonnalagadda, Siddhartha Reddy, Lee, Jong, Holtmann-Rice, Dan, Kallarackal, Krystal, Liu, Rosanne, Vnukov, Denis, Vats, Neera, Invernizzi, Luca, Jafari, Mohsen, Zhou, Huanjie, Taylor, Lilly, Prendki, Jennifer, Wu, Marcus, Eccles, Tom, Liu, Tianqi, Kopparapu, Kavya, Beaufays, Francoise, Angermueller, Christof, Marzoca, Andreea, Sarcar, Shourya, Dib, Hilal, Stanway, Jeff, Perbet, Frank, Trdin, Nejc, Sterneck, Rachel, Khorlin, Andrey, Li, Dinghua, Wu, Xihui, Goenka, Sonam, Madras, David, Goldshtein, Sasha, Gierke, Willi, Zhou, Tong, Liu, Yaxin, Liang, Yannie, White, Anais, Li, Yunjie, Singh, Shreya, Bahargam, Sanaz, Epstein, Mark, Basu, Sujoy, Lao, Li, Ozturel, Adnan, Crous, Carl, Zhai, Alex, Lu, Han, Tung, Zora, Gaur, Neeraj, Walton, Alanna, Dixon, Lucas, Zhang, Ming, Globerson, Amir, Uy, Grant, Bolt, Andrew, Wiles, Olivia, Nasr, Milad, Shumailov, Ilia, Selvi, Marco, Piccinno, Francesco, Aguilar, Ricardo, McCarthy, Sara, Khalman, Misha, Shukla, Mrinal, Galic, Vlado, Carpenter, John, Villela, Kevin, Zhang, Haibin, Richardson, Harry, Martens, James, Bosnjak, Matko, Belle, Shreyas Rammohan, Seibert, Jeff, Alnahlawi, Mahmoud, McWilliams, Brian, Singh, Sankalp, Louis, Annie, Ding, Wen, Popovici, Dan, Simicich, Lenin, Knight, Laura, Mehta, Pulkit, Gupta, Nishesh, Shi, Chongyang, Fatehi, Saaber, Mitrovic, Jovana, Grills, Alex, Pagadora, Joseph, Petrova, Dessie, Eisenbud, Danielle, Zhang, Zhishuai, Yates, Damion, Mittal, Bhavishya, Tripuraneni, Nilesh, Assael, Yannis, Brovelli, Thomas, Jain, Prateek, Velimirovic, Mihajlo, Akbulut, Canfer, Mu, Jiaqi, Macherey, Wolfgang, Kumar, Ravin, Xu, Jun, Qureshi, Haroon, Comanici, Gheorghe, Wiesner, Jeremy, Gong, Zhitao, Ruddock, Anton, Bauer, Matthias, Felt, Nick, GP, Anirudh, Arnab, Anurag, Zelle, Dustin, Rothfuss, Jonas, Rosgen, Bill, Shenoy, Ashish, Seybold, Bryan, Li, Xinjian, Mudigonda, Jayaram, Erdogan, Goker, Xia, Jiawei, Simsa, Jiri, Michi, Andrea, Yao, Yi, Yew, Christopher, Kan, Steven, Caswell, Isaac, Radebaugh, Carey, Elisseeff, Andre, Valenzuela, Pedro, McKinney, Kay, Paterson, Kim, Cui, Albert, Latorre-Chimoto, Eri, Kim, Solomon, Zeng, William, Durden, Ken, Ponnapalli, Priya, Sosea, Tiberiu, Choquette-Choo, Christopher A., Manyika, James, Robenek, Brona, Vashisht, Harsha, Pereira, Sebastien, Lam, Hoi, Velic, Marko, Owusu-Afriyie, Denese, Lee, Katherine, Bolukbasi, Tolga, Parrish, Alicia, Lu, Shawn, Park, Jane, Venkatraman, Balaji, Talbert, Alice, Rosique, Lambert, Cheng, Yuchung, Sozanschi, Andrei, Paszke, Adam, Kumar, Praveen, Austin, Jessica, Li, Lu, Salama, Khalid, Kim, Wooyeol, Dukkipati, Nandita, Baryshnikov, Anthony, Kaplanis, Christos, Sheng, XiangHai, Chervonyi, Yuri, Unlu, Caglar, Casas, Diego de Las, Askham, Harry, Tunyasuvunakool, Kathryn, Gimeno, Felix, Poder, Siim, Kwak, Chester, Miecnikowski, Matt, Dimitriev, Alek, Parisi, Aaron, Liu, Dangyi, Tsai, Tomy, Shevlane, Toby, Kouridi, Christina, Garmon, Drew, Goedeckemeyer, Adrian, Brown, Adam R., Vijayakumar, Anitha, Elqursh, Ali, Jazayeri, Sadegh, Huang, Jin, Carthy, Sara Mc, Hoover, Jay, Kim, Lucy, Kumar, Sandeep, Chen, Wei, Biles, Courtney, Bingham, Garrett, Rosen, Evan, Wang, Lisa, Tan, Qijun, Engel, David, Pongetti, Francesco, de Cesare, Dario, Hwang, Dongseong, Yu, Lily, Pullman, Jennifer, Narayanan, Srini, Levin, Kyle, Gopal, Siddharth, Li, Megan, Aharoni, Asaf, Trinh, Trieu, Lo, Jessica, Casagrande, Norman, Vij, Roopali, Matthey, Loic, Ramadhana, Bramandia, Matthews, Austin, Carey, CJ, Johnson, Matthew, Goranova, Kremena, Shah, Rohin, Ashraf, Shereen, Dasgupta, Kingshuk, Larsen, Rasmus, Wang, Yicheng, Vuyyuru, Manish Reddy, Jiang, Chong, Ijazi, Joana, Osawa, Kazuki, Smith, Celine, Boppana, Ramya Sree, Bilal, Taylan, Koizumi, Yuma, Xu, Ying, Altun, Yasemin, Shabat, Nir, Bariach, Ben, Korchemniy, Alex, Choo, Kiam, Ronneberger, Olaf, Iwuanyanwu, Chimezie, Zhao, Shubin, Soergel, David, Hsieh, Cho-Jui, Cai, Irene, Iqbal, Shariq, Sundermeyer, Martin, Chen, Zhe, Bursztein, Elie, Malaviya, Chaitanya, Biadsy, Fadi, Shroff, Prakash, Dhillon, Inderjit, Latkar, Tejasi, Dyer, Chris, Forbes, Hannah, Nicosia, Massimo, Nikolaev, Vitaly, Greene, Somer, Georgiev, Marin, Wang, Pidong, Martin, Nina, Sedghi, Hanie, Zhang, John, Banzal, Praseem, Fritz, Doug, Rao, Vikram, Wang, Xuezhi, Zhang, Jiageng, Patraucean, Viorica, Du, Dayou, Mordatch, Igor, Jurin, Ivan, Liu, Lewis, Dubey, Ayush, Mohan, Abhi, Nowakowski, Janek, Ion, Vlad-Doru, Wei, Nan, Tojo, Reiko, Raad, Maria Abi, Hudson, Drew A., Keshava, Vaishakh, Agrawal, Shubham, Ramirez, Kevin, Wu, Zhichun, Nguyen, Hoang, Liu, Ji, Sewak, Madhavi, Petrini, Bryce, Choi, DongHyun, Philips, Ivan, Wang, Ziyue, Bica, Ioana, Garg, Ankush, Wilkiewicz, Jarek, Agrawal, Priyanka, Guo, Danhao, Xue, Emily, Shaik, Naseer, Leach, Andrew, Khan, Sadh MNM, Wiesinger, Julia, Jerome, Sammy, Chakladar, Abhishek, Wang, Alek Wenjiao, Ornduff, Tina, Abu, Folake, Ghaffarkhah, Alireza, Wainwright, Marcus, Cortes, Mario, Liu, Frederick, Maynez, Joshua, Terzis, Andreas, Samangouei, Pouya, Mansour, Riham, Kępa, Tomasz, Aubet, François-Xavier, Algymr, Anton, Banica, Dan, Weisz, Agoston, Orban, Andras, Senges, Alexandre, Andrejczuk, Ewa, Geller, Mark, Santo, Niccolo Dal, Anklin, Valentin, Merey, Majd Al, Baeuml, Martin, Strohman, Trevor, Bai, Junwen, Petrov, Slav, Wu, Yonghui, Hassabis, Demis, Kavukcuoglu, Koray, Dean, Jeffrey, and Vinyals, Oriol

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

In this report, we introduce the Gemini 1.5 family of models, representing the next generation of highly compute-efficient multimodal models capable of recalling and reasoning over fine-grained information from millions of tokens of context, including multiple long documents and hours of video and audio. The family includes two new models: (1) an updated Gemini 1.5 Pro, which exceeds the February version on the great majority of capabilities and benchmarks; (2) Gemini 1.5 Flash, a more lightweight variant designed for efficiency with minimal regression in quality. Gemini 1.5 models achieve near-perfect recall on long-context retrieval tasks across modalities, improve the state-of-the-art in long-document QA, long-video QA and long-context ASR, and match or surpass Gemini 1.0 Ultra's state-of-the-art performance across a broad set of benchmarks. Studying the limits of Gemini 1.5's long-context ability, we find continued improvement in next-token prediction and near-perfect retrieval (>99%) up to at least 10M tokens, a generational leap over existing models such as Claude 3.0 (200k) and GPT-4 Turbo (128k). Finally, we highlight real-world use cases, such as Gemini 1.5 collaborating with professionals on completing their tasks achieving 26 to 75% time savings across 10 different job categories, as well as surprising new capabilities of large language models at the frontier; when given a grammar manual for Kalamang, a language with fewer than 200 speakers worldwide, the model learns to translate English to Kalamang at a similar level to a person who learned from the same content.

Published
2024

22. Diametric problem for permutations with the Ulam metric (optimal anticodes)

Author

Devlin, Pat and Douhovnikoff, Leo

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics, 05D05, 05A05, 05C35, 05C69
Abstract

We study the diametric problem (i.e., optimal anticodes) in the space of permutations under the Ulam distance. That is, let $S_n$ denote the set of permutations on $n$ symbols, and for each $\sigma, \tau \in S_n$, define their Ulam distance as the number of distinct symbols that must be deleted from each until they are equal. We obtain a near-optimal upper bound on the size of the intersection of two balls in this space, and as a corollary, we prove that a set of diameter at most $k$ has size at most $2^{k + C k^{2/3}} n! / (n-k)!$, compared to the best known construction of size $n!/(n-k)!$. We also prove that sets of diameter $1$ have at most $n$ elements., Comment: 11 pages

Published
2024

23. Optical modeling of systematic uncertainties in detector polarization angles for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope

Author

Murphy, Colin C., Choi, Steve K., Datta, Rahul, Devlin, Mark J., Hasselfield, Matthew, Koopman, Brian J., McMahon, Jeff, Naess, Sigurd, Niemack, Michael D., Page, Lyman A., Staggs, Suzanne T., Thornton, Robert, and Wollack, Edward J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present an estimate of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) detector polarization angle systematic uncertainty from optics perturbation analysis using polarization-sensitive ray tracing in CODE V optical design software. Uncertainties in polarization angle calibration in CMB measurements can limit constraints on cosmic birefringence and other cosmological parameters sensitive to polarization leakage. Our framework estimates the angle calibration systematic uncertainties from possible displacements in lens positions and orientations, and anti-reflection coating (ARC) thicknesses and refractive indices. With millimeter displacements in lens positions and percent-level perturbations in ARC thicknesses and indices from design, we find the total systematic uncertainty for three ACT detector arrays operating between 90--220 GHz to be at the tenth of degree scale. Reduced lens position and orientation uncertainties from physical measurements could lead to a reduction in the systematic uncertainty estimated with the framework presented here. This optical modeling may inform polarization angle systematic uncertainties for current and future microwave polarimeters, such as the CCAT Observatory, Simons Observatory, and CMB-S4., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, version accepted for publication in Applied Optics

Published
2024
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24. Foster Care, Postsecondary Education, and Financial Aid in California: How Affordable Is Postsecondary Education for Young People with a Foster Care History in California?

Author

Urban Institute, Tucker, Laura Packard, Hanson, Devlin, Pergamit, Michael, Norwitt, Jonah, and Gedo, Shannon

Abstract

Young people with foster care history need financial support to attain their educational goals. Are these young people getting the financial support they need for college? How do their financial aid packages compare with those of their peers? Does the Education and Training Voucher program meet their needs? If not, how can it be improved? To answer these questions, the authors used data on California students from the National Center for Education Statistics, "National Postsecondary Student Aid Study-Administrative Collection: 2018, Undergraduates (NPSAS:18-AC)" (Siegel, Ramirez, and Johnson 2021) (ED629113). The authors compared postsecondary costs and financial aid for students with foster care history versus those of students without foster care history. They found that students with foster care history do not receive the level of support needed to cover their postsecondary education costs, despite choosing lower-cost institutions. Further, while Education and Training Vouchers are meant to fill this need, the program is underfunded to serve all young people, and the funding cap leaves a lot of unmet need. [This report was funded by John Burton Advocates for Youth and builds on work originally funded by the US Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation.]

Published
2023

25. Foster Care, Postsecondary Education, and the Need for Financial Aid: How Affordable Is Postsecondary Education for Young People with a Foster Care History?

Author

Urban Institute, Tucker, Laura Packard, Hanson, Devlin, Pergamit, Michael, Norwitt, Jonah, and Gedo, Shannon

Abstract

Young people with foster care history need financial support to attain their educational goals. Are these young people getting the financial support they need for college? How do their financial aid packages compare with those of their peers? To answer these questions, the authors used data from the National Center for Education Statistics, "National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, Administrative Collection: 2018, Undergraduates (NPSAS:18-AC)" (Siegel, Ramirez, and Johnson 2021) (ED629113). The authors compared postsecondary costs for students with foster care history with those of students without foster care history. They found that students with foster care history do not receive the level of support needed to cover their postsecondary education costs, despite attending lower-cost institutions. [This report was funded by John Burton Advocates for Youth and builds on work originally funded by the US Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation.]

Published
2023

26. Participant Perspectives on Education and Training Vouchers: How Young People with Foster Care History Experience the Education and Training Voucher Program. Research Report

Author

Urban Institute, Coffey, Amelia, Hanson, Devlin, Pergamit, Michael, and Ali, Zackaria

Abstract

Postsecondary education is associated with achieving economic self-sufficiency and other positive outcomes. Young people in foster care face challenges pursuing postsecondary education, which can lead to them being less likely than their peers to enroll in college and less likely to earn a degree when enrolled. One federal initiative meant to address this issue is the Chafee Education and Training Voucher (ETV) program. The ETV program was created through a 2001 Congressional amendment to the 1999 John H. Chafee Foster Care Independence Act. This report highlights the experiences of young people who have experienced foster care and received ETVs to help fund their postsecondary education. Eighty-one young people in nine states were interviewed. [This report builds on work originally funded by the US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation.]

Published
2023

27. Combinatorial games played randomly: Chomp and nim

Author

Devlin, Pat and Trifonova, Paulina

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics, 91A46, 60C05, 05C81, 91A05, 00A08
Abstract

In this note, we investigate combinatorial games where both players move randomly (each turn, independently selecting a legal move uniformly at random). In this model, we provide closed-form expressions for the expected number of turns in a game of Chomp with any starting condition. We also derive and prove formulas for the win probabilities for any game of Chomp with at most two rows. Additionally, we completely analyze the game of nim under random play by finding the expected number of turns and win probabilities from any starting position., Comment: 15 pages

Published
2024

28. The BLAST Observatory: A Sensitivity Study for Far-IR Balloon-borne Polarimeters

Author

The BLAST Observatory Collaboration, Coppi, Gabriele, Dicker, Simon, Aguirre, James E., Austermann, Jason E., Beall, James A., Clark, Susan E., Cox, Erin G., Devlin, Mark J., Fissel, Laura M., Galitzki, Nicholas, Hensley, Brandon S., Hubmayr, Johannes, Molinari, Sergio, Nati, Federico, Novak, Giles, Schisano, Eugenio, Soler, Juan D., Tucker, Carole E., Ullom, Joel N., Vaskuri, Anna, Vissers, Michael R., Wheeler, Jordan D., and Zannoni, Mario

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Sensitive wide-field observations of polarized thermal emission from interstellar dust grains will allow astronomers to address key outstanding questions about the life cycle of matter and energy driving the formation of stars and the evolution of galaxies. Stratospheric balloon-borne telescopes can map this polarized emission at far-infrared wavelengths near the peak of the dust thermal spectrum - wavelengths that are inaccessible from the ground. In this paper we address the sensitivity achievable by a Super Pressure Balloon (SPB) polarimetry mission, using as an example the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) Observatory. By launching from Wanaka, New Zealand, BLAST Observatory can obtain a 30-day flight with excellent sky coverage - overcoming limitations of past experiments that suffered from short flight duration and/or launch sites with poor coverage of nearby star-forming regions. This proposed polarimetry mission will map large regions of the sky at sub-arcminute resolution, with simultaneous observations at 175, 250, and 350 $\mu m$, using a total of 8274 microwave kinetic inductance detectors. Here, we describe the scientific motivation for the BLAST Observatory, the proposed implementation, and the forecasting methods used to predict its sensitivity. We also compare our forecasted experiment sensitivity with other facilities., Comment: Published in PASP

Published
2024
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29. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Detection of Patchy Screening of the Cosmic Microwave Background

Author

Coulton, William R., Schutt, Theo, Maniyar, Abhishek S., Schaan, Emmanuel, An, Rui, Atkins, Zachary, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bond, J Richard, Calabrese, Erminia, Choi, Steve K., Devlin, Mark J., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Ferraro, Simone, Gluscevic, Vera, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kramer, Darby, Kusiak, Aleksandra, La Posta, Adrien, Louis, Thibaut, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Marques, Gabriela A., McCarthy, Fiona, McMahon, Jeff, Moodley, Kavilan, Naess, Sigurd, Page, Lyman A., Partridge, Bruce, Qu, Frank J., Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake D., Sifón, Cristóbal, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Van Engelen, Alexander, Vargas, Cristian, and Wollack, Edward J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Spatial variations in the cosmic electron density after reionization generate cosmic microwave background anisotropies via Thomson scattering, a process known as the ``patchy screening" effect. In this paper, we propose a new estimator for the patchy screening effect that is designed to mitigate biases from the dominant foreground signals. We use it to measure the cross-correlation between \textit{unWISE} galaxies and patchy screening, the latter measured by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and \textit{Planck} satellite. We report the first detection of the patchy screening effect, with the statistical significance of the cross-correlation exceeding $7\sigma$. This measurement directly probes the distribution of electrons around these galaxies and provides strong evidence that gas is more extended than the underlying dark matter. By comparing our measurements to electron profiles extracted from simulations, we demonstrate the power of these observations to constrain galaxy evolution models. Requiring only the 2D positions of objects and no individual redshifts or velocity estimates, this approach is complementary to existing gas probes, such as those based on the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect., Comment: See Schutt et al for a detailed comparison of patchy screening estimators. 17 pages with 8 figures

Published
2024

30. Hardcaml: An OCaml Hardware Domain-Specific Language for Efficient and Robust Design

Author

Ray, Andy, Devlin, Benjamin, Quah, Fu Yong, and Yesantharao, Rahul

Subjects
Computer Science - Programming Languages, B.6.3
Abstract

This paper introduces Hardcaml, an embedded hardware design domain specific language (DSL) implemented in the OCaml programming language. Unlike high level synthesis (HLS), Hardcaml allows for low level control of the underlying hardware for maximum productivity, while abstracting away many of the tedious aspects of traditional hardware definition languages (HDLs) such as Verilog or VHDL. The richness of OCaml's type system combined with Hardcaml's fast circuit elaboration checks reduces the chance of user-introduced bugs and erroneous connections with features like custom type defining, type-safe parameterized modules and elaboration-time bit-width inference and validation. Hardcaml tooling emphasizes fast feedback through simulation, testing, and verification. It includes both a native OCaml cycle-accurate and an event-driven simulator. Unit tests can live in the source code and include digital ASCII waveforms representing the simulator's output. Hardcaml also provides tools for SAT proving and formal verification. Hardcaml is industrially proven, and has been used at Jane Street internally for many large FPGA designs. As a case study we highlight several aspects of our recent Hardcaml submission to the 2022 ZPrize cryptography competition which won 1st place in the FPGA track.

Published
2023

31. Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Author

Gemini Team, Anil, Rohan, Borgeaud, Sebastian, Alayrac, Jean-Baptiste, Yu, Jiahui, Soricut, Radu, Schalkwyk, Johan, Dai, Andrew M., Hauth, Anja, Millican, Katie, Silver, David, Johnson, Melvin, Antonoglou, Ioannis, Schrittwieser, Julian, Glaese, Amelia, Chen, Jilin, Pitler, Emily, Lillicrap, Timothy, Lazaridou, Angeliki, Firat, Orhan, Molloy, James, Isard, Michael, Barham, Paul R., Hennigan, Tom, Lee, Benjamin, Viola, Fabio, Reynolds, Malcolm, Xu, Yuanzhong, Doherty, Ryan, Collins, Eli, Meyer, Clemens, Rutherford, Eliza, Moreira, Erica, Ayoub, Kareem, Goel, Megha, Krawczyk, Jack, Du, Cosmo, Chi, Ed, Cheng, Heng-Tze, Ni, Eric, Shah, Purvi, Kane, Patrick, Chan, Betty, Faruqui, Manaal, Severyn, Aliaksei, Lin, Hanzhao, Li, YaGuang, Cheng, Yong, Ittycheriah, Abe, Mahdieh, Mahdis, Chen, Mia, Sun, Pei, Tran, Dustin, Bagri, Sumit, Lakshminarayanan, Balaji, Liu, Jeremiah, Orban, Andras, Güra, Fabian, Zhou, Hao, Song, Xinying, Boffy, Aurelien, Ganapathy, Harish, Zheng, Steven, Choe, HyunJeong, Weisz, Ágoston, Zhu, Tao, Lu, Yifeng, Gopal, Siddharth, Kahn, Jarrod, Kula, Maciej, Pitman, Jeff, Shah, Rushin, Taropa, Emanuel, Merey, Majd Al, Baeuml, Martin, Chen, Zhifeng, Shafey, Laurent El, Zhang, Yujing, Sercinoglu, Olcan, Tucker, George, Piqueras, Enrique, Krikun, Maxim, Barr, Iain, Savinov, Nikolay, Danihelka, Ivo, Roelofs, Becca, White, Anaïs, Andreassen, Anders, von Glehn, Tamara, Yagati, Lakshman, Kazemi, Mehran, Gonzalez, Lucas, Khalman, Misha, Sygnowski, Jakub, Frechette, Alexandre, Smith, Charlotte, Culp, Laura, Proleev, Lev, Luan, Yi, Chen, Xi, Lottes, James, Schucher, Nathan, Lebron, Federico, Rrustemi, Alban, Clay, Natalie, Crone, Phil, Kocisky, Tomas, Zhao, Jeffrey, Perz, Bartek, Yu, Dian, Howard, Heidi, Bloniarz, Adam, Rae, Jack W., Lu, Han, Sifre, Laurent, Maggioni, Marcello, Alcober, Fred, Garrette, Dan, Barnes, Megan, Thakoor, Shantanu, Austin, Jacob, Barth-Maron, Gabriel, Wong, William, Joshi, Rishabh, Chaabouni, Rahma, Fatiha, Deeni, Ahuja, Arun, Tomar, Gaurav Singh, Senter, Evan, Chadwick, Martin, Kornakov, Ilya, Attaluri, Nithya, Iturrate, Iñaki, Liu, Ruibo, Li, Yunxuan, Cogan, Sarah, Chen, Jeremy, Jia, Chao, Gu, Chenjie, Zhang, Qiao, Grimstad, Jordan, Hartman, Ale Jakse, Garcia, Xavier, Pillai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana, Devlin, Jacob, Laskin, Michael, Casas, Diego de Las, Valter, Dasha, Tao, Connie, Blanco, Lorenzo, Badia, Adrià Puigdomènech, Reitter, David, Chen, Mianna, Brennan, Jenny, Rivera, Clara, Brin, Sergey, Iqbal, Shariq, Surita, Gabriela, Labanowski, Jane, Rao, Abhi, Winkler, Stephanie, Parisotto, Emilio, Gu, Yiming, Olszewska, Kate, Addanki, Ravi, Miech, Antoine, Louis, Annie, Teplyashin, Denis, Brown, Geoff, Catt, Elliot, Balaguer, Jan, Xiang, Jackie, Wang, Pidong, Ashwood, Zoe, Briukhov, Anton, Webson, Albert, Ganapathy, Sanjay, Sanghavi, Smit, Kannan, Ajay, Chang, Ming-Wei, Stjerngren, Axel, Djolonga, Josip, Sun, Yuting, Bapna, Ankur, Aitchison, Matthew, Pejman, Pedram, Michalewski, Henryk, Yu, Tianhe, Wang, Cindy, Love, Juliette, Ahn, Junwhan, Bloxwich, Dawn, Han, Kehang, Humphreys, Peter, Sellam, Thibault, Bradbury, James, Godbole, Varun, Samangooei, Sina, Damoc, Bogdan, Kaskasoli, Alex, Arnold, Sébastien M. R., Vasudevan, Vijay, Agrawal, Shubham, Riesa, Jason, Lepikhin, Dmitry, Tanburn, Richard, Srinivasan, Srivatsan, Lim, Hyeontaek, Hodkinson, Sarah, Shyam, Pranav, Ferret, Johan, Hand, Steven, Garg, Ankush, Paine, Tom Le, Li, Jian, Li, Yujia, Giang, Minh, Neitz, Alexander, Abbas, Zaheer, York, Sarah, Reid, Machel, Cole, Elizabeth, Chowdhery, Aakanksha, Das, Dipanjan, Rogozińska, Dominika, Nikolaev, Vitaliy, Sprechmann, Pablo, Nado, Zachary, Zilka, Lukas, Prost, Flavien, He, Luheng, Monteiro, Marianne, Mishra, Gaurav, Welty, Chris, Newlan, Josh, Jia, Dawei, Allamanis, Miltiadis, Hu, Clara Huiyi, de Liedekerke, Raoul, Gilmer, Justin, Saroufim, Carl, Rijhwani, Shruti, Hou, Shaobo, Shrivastava, Disha, Baddepudi, Anirudh, Goldin, Alex, Ozturel, Adnan, Cassirer, Albin, Xu, Yunhan, Sohn, Daniel, Sachan, Devendra, Amplayo, Reinald Kim, Swanson, Craig, Petrova, Dessie, Narayan, Shashi, Guez, Arthur, Brahma, Siddhartha, Landon, Jessica, Patel, Miteyan, Zhao, Ruizhe, Villela, Kevin, Wang, Luyu, Jia, Wenhao, Rahtz, Matthew, Giménez, Mai, Yeung, Legg, Keeling, James, Georgiev, Petko, Mincu, Diana, Wu, Boxi, Haykal, Salem, Saputro, Rachel, Vodrahalli, Kiran, Qin, James, Cankara, Zeynep, Sharma, Abhanshu, Fernando, Nick, Hawkins, Will, Neyshabur, Behnam, Kim, Solomon, Hutter, Adrian, Agrawal, Priyanka, Castro-Ros, Alex, Driessche, George van den, Wang, Tao, Yang, Fan, Chang, Shuo-yiin, Komarek, Paul, McIlroy, Ross, Lučić, Mario, Zhang, Guodong, Farhan, Wael, Sharman, Michael, Natsev, Paul, Michel, Paul, Bansal, Yamini, Qiao, Siyuan, Cao, Kris, Shakeri, Siamak, Butterfield, Christina, Chung, Justin, Rubenstein, Paul Kishan, Agrawal, Shivani, Mensch, Arthur, Soparkar, Kedar, Lenc, Karel, Chung, Timothy, Pope, Aedan, Maggiore, Loren, Kay, Jackie, Jhakra, Priya, Wang, Shibo, Maynez, Joshua, Phuong, Mary, Tobin, Taylor, Tacchetti, Andrea, Trebacz, Maja, Robinson, Kevin, Katariya, Yash, Riedel, Sebastian, Bailey, Paige, Xiao, Kefan, Ghelani, Nimesh, Aroyo, Lora, Slone, Ambrose, Houlsby, Neil, Xiong, Xuehan, Yang, Zhen, Gribovskaya, Elena, Adler, Jonas, Wirth, Mateo, Lee, Lisa, Li, Music, Kagohara, Thais, Pavagadhi, Jay, Bridgers, Sophie, Bortsova, Anna, Ghemawat, Sanjay, Ahmed, Zafarali, Liu, Tianqi, Powell, Richard, Bolina, Vijay, Iinuma, Mariko, Zablotskaia, Polina, Besley, James, Chung, Da-Woon, Dozat, Timothy, Comanescu, Ramona, Si, Xiance, Greer, Jeremy, Su, Guolong, Polacek, Martin, Kaufman, Raphaël Lopez, Tokumine, Simon, Hu, Hexiang, Buchatskaya, Elena, Miao, Yingjie, Elhawaty, Mohamed, Siddhant, Aditya, Tomasev, Nenad, Xing, Jinwei, Greer, Christina, Miller, Helen, Ashraf, Shereen, Roy, Aurko, Zhang, Zizhao, Ma, Ada, Filos, Angelos, Besta, Milos, Blevins, Rory, Klimenko, Ted, Yeh, Chih-Kuan, Changpinyo, Soravit, Mu, Jiaqi, Chang, Oscar, Pajarskas, Mantas, Muir, Carrie, Cohen, Vered, Lan, Charline Le, Haridasan, Krishna, Marathe, Amit, Hansen, Steven, Douglas, Sholto, Samuel, Rajkumar, Wang, Mingqiu, Austin, Sophia, Lan, Chang, Jiang, Jiepu, Chiu, Justin, Lorenzo, Jaime Alonso, Sjösund, Lars Lowe, Cevey, Sébastien, Gleicher, Zach, Avrahami, Thi, Boral, Anudhyan, Srinivasan, Hansa, Selo, Vittorio, May, Rhys, Aisopos, Konstantinos, Hussenot, Léonard, Soares, Livio Baldini, Baumli, Kate, Chang, Michael B., Recasens, Adrià, Caine, Ben, Pritzel, Alexander, Pavetic, Filip, Pardo, Fabio, Gergely, Anita, Frye, Justin, Ramasesh, Vinay, Horgan, Dan, Badola, Kartikeya, Kassner, Nora, Roy, Subhrajit, Dyer, Ethan, Campos, Víctor Campos, Tomala, Alex, Tang, Yunhao, Badawy, Dalia El, White, Elspeth, Mustafa, Basil, Lang, Oran, Jindal, Abhishek, Vikram, Sharad, Gong, Zhitao, Caelles, Sergi, Hemsley, Ross, Thornton, Gregory, Feng, Fangxiaoyu, Stokowiec, Wojciech, Zheng, Ce, Thacker, Phoebe, Ünlü, Çağlar, Zhang, Zhishuai, Saleh, Mohammad, Svensson, James, Bileschi, Max, Patil, Piyush, Anand, Ankesh, Ring, Roman, Tsihlas, Katerina, Vezer, Arpi, Selvi, Marco, Shevlane, Toby, Rodriguez, Mikel, Kwiatkowski, Tom, Daruki, Samira, Rong, Keran, Dafoe, Allan, FitzGerald, Nicholas, Gu-Lemberg, Keren, Khan, Mina, Hendricks, Lisa Anne, Pellat, Marie, Feinberg, Vladimir, Cobon-Kerr, James, Sainath, Tara, Rauh, Maribeth, Hashemi, Sayed Hadi, Ives, Richard, Hasson, Yana, Noland, Eric, Cao, Yuan, Byrd, Nathan, Hou, Le, Wang, Qingze, Sottiaux, Thibault, Paganini, Michela, Lespiau, Jean-Baptiste, Moufarek, Alexandre, Hassan, Samer, Shivakumar, Kaushik, van Amersfoort, Joost, Mandhane, Amol, Joshi, Pratik, Goyal, Anirudh, Tung, Matthew, Brock, Andrew, Sheahan, Hannah, Misra, Vedant, Li, Cheng, Rakićević, Nemanja, Dehghani, Mostafa, Liu, Fangyu, Mittal, Sid, Oh, Junhyuk, Noury, Seb, Sezener, Eren, Huot, Fantine, Lamm, Matthew, De Cao, Nicola, Chen, Charlie, Mudgal, Sidharth, Stella, Romina, Brooks, Kevin, Vasudevan, Gautam, Liu, Chenxi, Chain, Mainak, Melinkeri, Nivedita, Cohen, Aaron, Wang, Venus, Seymore, Kristie, Zubkov, Sergey, Goel, Rahul, Yue, Summer, Krishnakumaran, Sai, Albert, Brian, Hurley, Nate, Sano, Motoki, Mohananey, Anhad, Joughin, Jonah, Filonov, Egor, Kępa, Tomasz, Eldawy, Yomna, Lim, Jiawern, Rishi, Rahul, Badiezadegan, Shirin, Bos, Taylor, Chang, Jerry, Jain, Sanil, Padmanabhan, Sri Gayatri Sundara, Puttagunta, Subha, Krishna, Kalpesh, Baker, Leslie, Kalb, Norbert, Bedapudi, Vamsi, Kurzrok, Adam, Lei, Shuntong, Yu, Anthony, Litvin, Oren, Zhou, Xiang, Wu, Zhichun, Sobell, Sam, Siciliano, Andrea, Papir, Alan, Neale, Robby, Bragagnolo, Jonas, Toor, Tej, Chen, Tina, Anklin, Valentin, Wang, Feiran, Feng, Richie, Gholami, Milad, Ling, Kevin, Liu, Lijuan, Walter, Jules, Moghaddam, Hamid, Kishore, Arun, Adamek, Jakub, Mercado, Tyler, Mallinson, Jonathan, Wandekar, Siddhinita, Cagle, Stephen, Ofek, Eran, Garrido, Guillermo, Lombriser, Clemens, Mukha, Maksim, Sun, Botu, Mohammad, Hafeezul Rahman, Matak, Josip, Qian, Yadi, Peswani, Vikas, Janus, Pawel, Yuan, Quan, Schelin, Leif, David, Oana, Garg, Ankur, He, Yifan, Duzhyi, Oleksii, Älgmyr, Anton, Lottaz, Timothée, Li, Qi, Yadav, Vikas, Xu, Luyao, Chinien, Alex, Shivanna, Rakesh, Chuklin, Aleksandr, Li, Josie, Spadine, Carrie, Wolfe, Travis, Mohamed, Kareem, Das, Subhabrata, Dai, Zihang, He, Kyle, von Dincklage, Daniel, Upadhyay, Shyam, Maurya, Akanksha, Chi, Luyan, Krause, Sebastian, Salama, Khalid, Rabinovitch, Pam G, M, Pavan Kumar Reddy, Selvan, Aarush, Dektiarev, Mikhail, Ghiasi, Golnaz, Guven, Erdem, Gupta, Himanshu, Liu, Boyi, Sharma, Deepak, Shtacher, Idan Heimlich, Paul, Shachi, Akerlund, Oscar, Aubet, François-Xavier, Huang, Terry, Zhu, Chen, Zhu, Eric, Teixeira, Elico, Fritze, Matthew, Bertolini, Francesco, Marinescu, Liana-Eleonora, Bölle, Martin, Paulus, Dominik, Gupta, Khyatti, Latkar, Tejasi, Chang, Max, Sanders, Jason, Wilson, Roopa, Wu, Xuewei, Tan, Yi-Xuan, Thiet, Lam Nguyen, Doshi, Tulsee, Lall, Sid, Mishra, Swaroop, Chen, Wanming, Luong, Thang, Benjamin, Seth, Lee, Jasmine, Andrejczuk, Ewa, Rabiej, Dominik, Ranjan, Vipul, Styrc, Krzysztof, Yin, Pengcheng, Simon, Jon, Harriott, Malcolm Rose, Bansal, Mudit, Robsky, Alexei, Bacon, Geoff, Greene, David, Mirylenka, Daniil, Zhou, Chen, Sarvana, Obaid, Goyal, Abhimanyu, Andermatt, Samuel, Siegler, Patrick, Horn, Ben, Israel, Assaf, Pongetti, Francesco, Chen, Chih-Wei "Louis", Selvatici, Marco, Silva, Pedro, Wang, Kathie, Tolins, Jackson, Guu, Kelvin, Yogev, Roey, Cai, Xiaochen, Agostini, Alessandro, Shah, Maulik, Nguyen, Hung, Donnaile, Noah Ó, Pereira, Sébastien, Friso, Linda, Stambler, Adam, Kuang, Chenkai, Romanikhin, Yan, Geller, Mark, Yan, ZJ, Jang, Kane, Lee, Cheng-Chun, Fica, Wojciech, Malmi, Eric, Tan, Qijun, Banica, Dan, Balle, Daniel, Pham, Ryan, Huang, Yanping, Avram, Diana, Shi, Hongzhi, Singh, Jasjot, Hidey, Chris, Ahuja, Niharika, Saxena, Pranab, Dooley, Dan, Potharaju, Srividya Pranavi, O'Neill, Eileen, Gokulchandran, Anand, Foley, Ryan, Zhao, Kai, Dusenberry, Mike, Liu, Yuan, Mehta, Pulkit, Kotikalapudi, Ragha, Safranek-Shrader, Chalence, Goodman, Andrew, Kessinger, Joshua, Globen, Eran, Kolhar, Prateek, Gorgolewski, Chris, Ibrahim, Ali, Song, Yang, Eichenbaum, Ali, Brovelli, Thomas, Potluri, Sahitya, Lahoti, Preethi, Baetu, Cip, Ghorbani, Ali, Chen, Charles, Crawford, Andy, Pal, Shalini, Sridhar, Mukund, Gurita, Petru, Mujika, Asier, Petrovski, Igor, Cedoz, Pierre-Louis, Li, Chenmei, Chen, Shiyuan, Santo, Niccolò Dal, Goyal, Siddharth, Punjabi, Jitesh, Kappaganthu, Karthik, Kwak, Chester, LV, Pallavi, Velury, Sarmishta, Choudhury, Himadri, Hall, Jamie, Shah, Premal, Figueira, Ricardo, Thomas, Matt, Lu, Minjie, Zhou, Ting, Kumar, Chintu, Jurdi, Thomas, Chikkerur, Sharat, Ma, Yenai, Yu, Adams, Kwak, Soo, Ähdel, Victor, Rajayogam, Sujeevan, Choma, Travis, Liu, Fei, Barua, Aditya, Ji, Colin, Park, Ji Ho, Hellendoorn, Vincent, Bailey, Alex, Bilal, Taylan, Zhou, Huanjie, Khatir, Mehrdad, Sutton, Charles, Rzadkowski, Wojciech, Macintosh, Fiona, Shagin, Konstantin, Medina, Paul, Liang, Chen, Zhou, Jinjing, Shah, Pararth, Bi, Yingying, Dankovics, Attila, Banga, Shipra, Lehmann, Sabine, Bredesen, Marissa, Lin, Zifan, Hoffmann, John Eric, Lai, Jonathan, Chung, Raynald, Yang, Kai, Balani, Nihal, Bražinskas, Arthur, Sozanschi, Andrei, Hayes, Matthew, Alcalde, Héctor Fernández, Makarov, Peter, Chen, Will, Stella, Antonio, Snijders, Liselotte, Mandl, Michael, Kärrman, Ante, Nowak, Paweł, Wu, Xinyi, Dyck, Alex, Vaidyanathan, Krishnan, R, Raghavender, Mallet, Jessica, Rudominer, Mitch, Johnston, Eric, Mittal, Sushil, Udathu, Akhil, Christensen, Janara, Verma, Vishal, Irving, Zach, Santucci, Andreas, Elsayed, Gamaleldin, Davoodi, Elnaz, Georgiev, Marin, Tenney, Ian, Hua, Nan, Cideron, Geoffrey, Leurent, Edouard, Alnahlawi, Mahmoud, Georgescu, Ionut, Wei, Nan, Zheng, Ivy, Scandinaro, Dylan, Jiang, Heinrich, Snoek, Jasper, Sundararajan, Mukund, Wang, Xuezhi, Ontiveros, Zack, Karo, Itay, Cole, Jeremy, Rajashekhar, Vinu, Tumeh, Lara, Ben-David, Eyal, Jain, Rishub, Uesato, Jonathan, Datta, Romina, Bunyan, Oskar, Wu, Shimu, Zhang, John, Stanczyk, Piotr, Zhang, Ye, Steiner, David, Naskar, Subhajit, Azzam, Michael, Johnson, Matthew, Paszke, Adam, Chiu, Chung-Cheng, Elias, Jaume Sanchez, Mohiuddin, Afroz, Muhammad, Faizan, Miao, Jin, Lee, Andrew, Vieillard, Nino, Park, Jane, Zhang, Jiageng, Stanway, Jeff, Garmon, Drew, Karmarkar, Abhijit, Dong, Zhe, Lee, Jong, Kumar, Aviral, Zhou, Luowei, Evens, Jonathan, Isaac, William, Irving, Geoffrey, Loper, Edward, Fink, Michael, Arkatkar, Isha, Chen, Nanxin, Shafran, Izhak, Petrychenko, Ivan, Chen, Zhe, Jia, Johnson, Levskaya, Anselm, Zhu, Zhenkai, Grabowski, Peter, Mao, Yu, Magni, Alberto, Yao, Kaisheng, Snaider, Javier, Casagrande, Norman, Palmer, Evan, Suganthan, Paul, Castaño, Alfonso, Giannoumis, Irene, Kim, Wooyeol, Rybiński, Mikołaj, Sreevatsa, Ashwin, Prendki, Jennifer, Soergel, David, Goedeckemeyer, Adrian, Gierke, Willi, Jafari, Mohsen, Gaba, Meenu, Wiesner, Jeremy, Wright, Diana Gage, Wei, Yawen, Vashisht, Harsha, Kulizhskaya, Yana, Hoover, Jay, Le, Maigo, Li, Lu, Iwuanyanwu, Chimezie, Liu, Lu, Ramirez, Kevin, Khorlin, Andrey, Cui, Albert, LIN, Tian, Wu, Marcus, Aguilar, Ricardo, Pallo, Keith, Chakladar, Abhishek, Perng, Ginger, Abellan, Elena Allica, Zhang, Mingyang, Dasgupta, Ishita, Kushman, Nate, Penchev, Ivo, Repina, Alena, Wu, Xihui, van der Weide, Tom, Ponnapalli, Priya, Kaplan, Caroline, Simsa, Jiri, Li, Shuangfeng, Dousse, Olivier, Piper, Jeff, Ie, Nathan, Pasumarthi, Rama, Lintz, Nathan, Vijayakumar, Anitha, Andor, Daniel, Valenzuela, Pedro, Lui, Minnie, Paduraru, Cosmin, Peng, Daiyi, Lee, Katherine, Zhang, Shuyuan, Greene, Somer, Nguyen, Duc Dung, Kurylowicz, Paula, Hardin, Cassidy, Dixon, Lucas, Janzer, Lili, Choo, Kiam, Feng, Ziqiang, Zhang, Biao, Singhal, Achintya, Du, Dayou, McKinnon, Dan, Antropova, Natasha, Bolukbasi, Tolga, Keller, Orgad, Reid, David, Finchelstein, Daniel, Raad, Maria Abi, Crocker, Remi, Hawkins, Peter, Dadashi, Robert, Gaffney, Colin, Franko, Ken, Bulanova, Anna, Leblond, Rémi, Chung, Shirley, Askham, Harry, Cobo, Luis C., Xu, Kelvin, Fischer, Felix, Xu, Jun, Sorokin, Christina, Alberti, Chris, Lin, Chu-Cheng, Evans, Colin, Dimitriev, Alek, Forbes, Hannah, Banarse, Dylan, Tung, Zora, Omernick, Mark, Bishop, Colton, Sterneck, Rachel, Jain, Rohan, Xia, Jiawei, Amid, Ehsan, Piccinno, Francesco, Wang, Xingyu, Banzal, Praseem, Mankowitz, Daniel J., Polozov, Alex, Krakovna, Victoria, Brown, Sasha, Bateni, MohammadHossein, Duan, Dennis, Firoiu, Vlad, Thotakuri, Meghana, Natan, Tom, Geist, Matthieu, Girgin, Ser tan, Li, Hui, Ye, Jiayu, Roval, Ofir, Tojo, Reiko, Kwong, Michael, Lee-Thorp, James, Yew, Christopher, Sinopalnikov, Danila, Ramos, Sabela, Mellor, John, Sharma, Abhishek, Wu, Kathy, Miller, David, Sonnerat, Nicolas, Vnukov, Denis, Greig, Rory, Beattie, Jennifer, Caveness, Emily, Bai, Libin, Eisenschlos, Julian, Korchemniy, Alex, Tsai, Tomy, Jasarevic, Mimi, Kong, Weize, Dao, Phuong, Zheng, Zeyu, Liu, Frederick, Zhu, Rui, Teh, Tian Huey, Sanmiya, Jason, Gladchenko, Evgeny, Trdin, Nejc, Toyama, Daniel, Rosen, Evan, Tavakkol, Sasan, Xue, Linting, Elkind, Chen, Woodman, Oliver, Carpenter, John, Papamakarios, George, Kemp, Rupert, Kafle, Sushant, Grunina, Tanya, Sinha, Rishika, Talbert, Alice, Wu, Diane, Owusu-Afriyie, Denese, Thornton, Chloe, Pont-Tuset, Jordi, Narayana, Pradyumna, Li, Jing, Fatehi, Saaber, Wieting, John, Ajmeri, Omar, Uria, Benigno, Ko, Yeongil, Knight, Laura, Héliou, Amélie, Niu, Ning, Gu, Shane, Pang, Chenxi, Li, Yeqing, Levine, Nir, Stolovich, Ariel, Santamaria-Fernandez, Rebeca, Goenka, Sonam, Yustalim, Wenny, Strudel, Robin, Elqursh, Ali, Deck, Charlie, Lee, Hyo, Li, Zonglin, Levin, Kyle, Hoffmann, Raphael, Holtmann-Rice, Dan, Bachem, Olivier, Arora, Sho, Koh, Christy, Yeganeh, Soheil Hassas, Põder, Siim, Tariq, Mukarram, Sun, Yanhua, Ionita, Lucian, Seyedhosseini, Mojtaba, Tafti, Pouya, Liu, Zhiyu, Gulati, Anmol, Liu, Jasmine, Ye, Xinyu, Chrzaszcz, Bart, Wang, Lily, Sethi, Nikhil, Li, Tianrun, Brown, Ben, Singh, Shreya, Fan, Wei, Parisi, Aaron, Stanton, Joe, Koverkathu, Vinod, Choquette-Choo, Christopher A., Li, Yunjie, Lu, TJ, Shroff, Prakash, Varadarajan, Mani, Bahargam, Sanaz, Willoughby, Rob, Gaddy, David, Desjardins, Guillaume, Cornero, Marco, Robenek, Brona, Mittal, Bhavishya, Albrecht, Ben, Shenoy, Ashish, Moiseev, Fedor, Jacobsson, Henrik, Ghaffarkhah, Alireza, Rivière, Morgane, Walton, Alanna, Crepy, Clément, Parrish, Alicia, Zhou, Zongwei, Farabet, Clement, Radebaugh, Carey, Srinivasan, Praveen, van der Salm, Claudia, Fidjeland, Andreas, Scellato, Salvatore, Latorre-Chimoto, Eri, Klimczak-Plucińska, Hanna, Bridson, David, de Cesare, Dario, Hudson, Tom, Mendolicchio, Piermaria, Walker, Lexi, Morris, Alex, Mauger, Matthew, Guseynov, Alexey, Reid, Alison, Odoom, Seth, Loher, Lucia, Cotruta, Victor, Yenugula, Madhavi, Grewe, Dominik, Petrushkina, Anastasia, Duerig, Tom, Sanchez, Antonio, Yadlowsky, Steve, Shen, Amy, Globerson, Amir, Webb, Lynette, Dua, Sahil, Li, Dong, Bhupatiraju, Surya, Hurt, Dan, Qureshi, Haroon, Agarwal, Ananth, Shani, Tomer, Eyal, Matan, Khare, Anuj, Belle, Shreyas Rammohan, Wang, Lei, Tekur, Chetan, Kale, Mihir Sanjay, Wei, Jinliang, Sang, Ruoxin, Saeta, Brennan, Liechty, Tyler, Sun, Yi, Zhao, Yao, Lee, Stephan, Nayak, Pandu, Fritz, Doug, Vuyyuru, Manish Reddy, Aslanides, John, Vyas, Nidhi, Wicke, Martin, Ma, Xiao, Eltyshev, Evgenii, Martin, Nina, Cate, Hardie, Manyika, James, Amiri, Keyvan, Kim, Yelin, Xiong, Xi, Kang, Kai, Luisier, Florian, Tripuraneni, Nilesh, Madras, David, Guo, Mandy, Waters, Austin, Wang, Oliver, Ainslie, Joshua, Baldridge, Jason, Zhang, Han, Pruthi, Garima, Bauer, Jakob, Yang, Feng, Mansour, Riham, Gelman, Jason, Xu, Yang, Polovets, George, Liu, Ji, Cai, Honglong, Chen, Warren, Sheng, XiangHai, Xue, Emily, Ozair, Sherjil, Angermueller, Christof, Li, Xiaowei, Sinha, Anoop, Wang, Weiren, Wiesinger, Julia, Koukoumidis, Emmanouil, Tian, Yuan, Iyer, Anand, Gurumurthy, Madhu, Goldenson, Mark, Shah, Parashar, Blake, MK, Yu, Hongkun, Urbanowicz, Anthony, Palomaki, Jennimaria, Fernando, Chrisantha, Durden, Ken, Mehta, Harsh, Momchev, Nikola, Rahimtoroghi, Elahe, Georgaki, Maria, Raul, Amit, Ruder, Sebastian, Redshaw, Morgan, Lee, Jinhyuk, Zhou, Denny, Jalan, Komal, Li, Dinghua, Hechtman, Blake, Schuh, Parker, Nasr, Milad, Milan, Kieran, Mikulik, Vladimir, Franco, Juliana, Green, Tim, Nguyen, Nam, Kelley, Joe, Mahendru, Aroma, Hu, Andrea, Howland, Joshua, Vargas, Ben, Hui, Jeffrey, Bansal, Kshitij, Rao, Vikram, Ghiya, Rakesh, Wang, Emma, Ye, Ke, Sarr, Jean Michel, Preston, Melanie Moranski, Elish, Madeleine, Li, Steve, Kaku, Aakash, Gupta, Jigar, Pasupat, Ice, Juan, Da-Cheng, Someswar, Milan, M., Tejvi, Chen, Xinyun, Amini, Aida, Fabrikant, Alex, Chu, Eric, Dong, Xuanyi, Muthal, Amruta, Buthpitiya, Senaka, Jauhari, Sarthak, Khandelwal, Urvashi, Hitron, Ayal, Ren, Jie, Rinaldi, Larissa, Drath, Shahar, Dabush, Avigail, Jiang, Nan-Jiang, Godhia, Harshal, Sachs, Uli, Chen, Anthony, Fan, Yicheng, Taitelbaum, Hagai, Noga, Hila, Dai, Zhuyun, Wang, James, Hamer, Jenny, Ferng, Chun-Sung, Elkind, Chenel, Atias, Aviel, Lee, Paulina, Listík, Vít, Carlen, Mathias, van de Kerkhof, Jan, Pikus, Marcin, Zaher, Krunoslav, Müller, Paul, Zykova, Sasha, Stefanec, Richard, Gatsko, Vitaly, Hirnschall, Christoph, Sethi, Ashwin, Xu, Xingyu Federico, Ahuja, Chetan, Tsai, Beth, Stefanoiu, Anca, Feng, Bo, Dhandhania, Keshav, Katyal, Manish, Gupta, Akshay, Parulekar, Atharva, Pitta, Divya, Zhao, Jing, Bhatia, Vivaan, Bhavnani, Yashodha, Alhadlaq, Omar, Li, Xiaolin, Danenberg, Peter, Tu, Dennis, Pine, Alex, Filippova, Vera, Ghosh, Abhipso, Limonchik, Ben, Urala, Bhargava, Lanka, Chaitanya Krishna, Clive, Derik, Li, Edward, Wu, Hao, Hongtongsak, Kevin, Li, Ianna, Thakkar, Kalind, Omarov, Kuanysh, Majmundar, Kushal, Alverson, Michael, Kucharski, Michael, Patel, Mohak, Jain, Mudit, Zabelin, Maksim, Pelagatti, Paolo, Kohli, Rohan, Kumar, Saurabh, Kim, Joseph, Sankar, Swetha, Shah, Vineet, Ramachandruni, Lakshmi, Zeng, Xiangkai, Bariach, Ben, Weidinger, Laura, Vu, Tu, Andreev, Alek, He, Antoine, Hui, Kevin, Kashem, Sheleem, Subramanya, Amar, Hsiao, Sissie, Hassabis, Demis, Kavukcuoglu, Koray, Sadovsky, Adam, Le, Quoc, Strohman, Trevor, Wu, Yonghui, Petrov, Slav, Dean, Jeffrey, and Vinyals, Oriol

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

This report introduces a new family of multimodal models, Gemini, that exhibit remarkable capabilities across image, audio, video, and text understanding. The Gemini family consists of Ultra, Pro, and Nano sizes, suitable for applications ranging from complex reasoning tasks to on-device memory-constrained use-cases. Evaluation on a broad range of benchmarks shows that our most-capable Gemini Ultra model advances the state of the art in 30 of 32 of these benchmarks - notably being the first model to achieve human-expert performance on the well-studied exam benchmark MMLU, and improving the state of the art in every one of the 20 multimodal benchmarks we examined. We believe that the new capabilities of the Gemini family in cross-modal reasoning and language understanding will enable a wide variety of use cases. We discuss our approach toward post-training and deploying Gemini models responsibly to users through services including Gemini, Gemini Advanced, Google AI Studio, and Cloud Vertex AI.

Published
2023

32. Visual Encoders for Data-Efficient Imitation Learning in Modern Video Games

Author

Schäfer, Lukas, Jones, Logan, Kanervisto, Anssi, Cao, Yuhan, Rashid, Tabish, Georgescu, Raluca, Bignell, Dave, Sen, Siddhartha, Gavito, Andrea Treviño, and Devlin, Sam

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Video games have served as useful benchmarks for the decision making community, but going beyond Atari games towards training agents in modern games has been prohibitively expensive for the vast majority of the research community. Recent progress in the research, development and open release of large vision models has the potential to amortize some of these costs across the community. However, it is currently unclear which of these models have learnt representations that retain information critical for sequential decision making. Towards enabling wider participation in the research of gameplaying agents in modern games, we present a systematic study of imitation learning with publicly available visual encoders compared to the typical, task-specific, end-to-end training approach in Minecraft, Minecraft Dungeons and Counter-Strike: Global Offensive., Comment: Preprint

Published
2023

33. Electromagnetic moments of the antimony isotopes $^{112-133}$Sb

Author

Lechner, S., Miyagi, T., Xu, Z. Y., Bissell, M. L., Blaum, K., Cheal, B., Devlin, C. S., Ruiz, R. F. Garcia, Ginges, J. S. M., Heylen, H., Holt, J. D., Imgram, P., Kanellakopoulos, A., Koszorús, Á., Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S., Neugart, R., Neyens, G., Nörtershäuser, W., Plattner, P., Rodríguez, L. V., Sanamyan, G., Stroberg, S. R., Utsuno, Y., Yang, X. F., and Yordanov, D. T.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Nuclear moments of the antimony isotopes $^{113-133}$Sb are measured by collinear laser spectroscopy and used to benchmark phenomenological shell-model and \textit{ab initio} calculations in the valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group (VS-IMSRG). The shell-model calculations reproduce the electromagnetic moments over all Sb isotopes when suitable effective $g$-factors and charges are employed. Good agreement is achieved by VS-IMSRG for magnetic moments on the neutron-deficient side for both odd-even and odd-odd Sb isotopes while its results deviate from experiment on the neutron-rich side. When the same effective $g$-factors are used, VS-IMSRG agrees with experiment nearly as well as the shell model. Hence, the wave functions are very similar in both approaches and missing contributions to the M1 operator are identified as the cause of the discrepancy of VS-IMSRG with experiment. Electric quadrupole moments remain more challenging for VS-IMSRG.

Published
2023
Full Text
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35. Real world study of sacituzumab govitecan in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer in the United Kingdom

Author

Hanna, Daire, Merrick, Sophie, Ghose, Aruni, Devlin, Michael John, Yang, Dorothy D., Phillips, Edward, Okines, Alicia, Chopra, Neha, Papadimatraki, Elisavet, Ross, Kirsty, Macpherson, Iain, Boh, Zhuang Y., Michie, Caroline O., Swampillai, Angela, Gupta, Sunnia, Robinson, Tim, Germain, Lewis, Twelves, Chris, Atkinson, Charlotte, Konstantis, Apostolos, Riddle, Pippa, Cresti, Nicola, Naik, Jay D., Borley, Annabel, Guppy, Amy, Schmid, Peter, and Phillips, Melissa

Published
2024
Full Text
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37. Diffusion model approach to simulating electron-proton scattering events

Author

Devlin, Peter, Qiu, Jian-Wei, Ringer, Felix, and Sato, Nobuo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Generative AI is a fast-growing area of research offering various avenues for exploration in high-energy nuclear physics. In this work, we explore the use of generative models for simulating electron-proton collisions relevant to experiments like CEBAF and the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). These experiments play a critical role in advancing our understanding of nucleons and nuclei in terms of quark and gluon degrees of freedom. The use of generative models for simulating collider events faces several challenges such as the sparsity of the data, the presence of global or event-wide constraints, and steeply falling particle distributions. In this work, we focus on the implementation of diffusion models for the simulation of electron-proton scattering events at EIC energies. Our results demonstrate that diffusion models can accurately reproduce relevant observables such as momentum distributions and correlations of particles, momentum sum rules, and the leading electron kinematics, all of which are of particular interest in electron-proton collisions. Although the sampling process is relatively slow compared to other machine learning architectures, we find diffusion models can generate high-quality samples. We foresee various applications of our work including inference for nuclear structure, interpretable generative machine learning, and searches of physics beyond the Standard Model., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, journal version

Published
2023

38. Nuclear charge radius of $^{26m}$Al and its implication for V$_{ud}$ in the quark-mixing matrix

Author

Plattner, P., Wood, E., Ayoubi, L. Al, Beliuskina, O., Bissell, M. L., Blaum, K., Campbell, P., Cheal, B., de Groote, R. P., Devlin, C. S., Eronen, T., Filippin, L., Ruíz, R. F. García, Ge, Z., Geldhof, S., Gins, W., Godefroid, M., Heylen, H., Hukkanen, M., Imgram, P., Jaries, A., Jokinen, A., Kanellakopoulos, A., Kankainen, A., Kaufmann, S., König, K., Koszorús, Á., Kujanpää, S., Lechner, S., Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S., Müller, P., Mathieson, R., Moore, I., Nörtershäuser, W., Nesterenko, D., Neugart, R., Neyens, G., Ortiz-Cortes, A., Penttilä, H., Pohjalainen, I., Raggio, A., Reponen, M., Rinta-Antila, S., Rodríguez, L. V., Romero, J., Sánchez, R., Sommer, F., Stryjczyk, M., Virtanen, V., Xie, L., Xu, Z. Y., Yang, X. F., and Yordanov, D. T.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Collinear laser spectroscopy was performed on the isomer of the aluminium isotope $^{26m}$Al. The measured isotope shift to $^{27}$Al in the $3s^{2}3p\;^{2}\!P^\circ_{3/2} \rightarrow 3s^{2}4s\;^{2}\!S_{1/2}$ atomic transition enabled the first experimental determination of the nuclear charge radius of $^{26m}$Al, resulting in $R_c$=\qty{3.130\pm.015}{\femto\meter}. This differs by 4.5 standard deviations from the extrapolated value used to calculate the isospin-symmetry breaking corrections in the superallowed $\beta$ decay of $^{26m}$Al. Its corrected $\mathcal{F}t$ value, important for the estimation of $V_{ud}$ in the CKM matrix, is thus shifted by one standard deviation to \qty{3071.4\pm1.0}{\second}., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2023
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39. Image-current mediated sympathetic laser cooling of a single proton in a Penning trap down to 170 mK axial temperature

Author

Will, C., Wiesinger, M., Micke, P., Yildiz, H., Driscoll, T., Kommu, S., Abbass, F., Arndt, B. P., Bauer, B. B., Erlewein, S., Fleck, M., Jäger, J. I., Latacz, B. M., Mooser, A., Schweitzer, D., Umbrazunas, G., Wursten, E., Blaum, K., Devlin, J. A., Ospelkaus, C., Quint, W., Soter, A., Walz, J., Smorra, C., and Ulmer, S.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We demonstrate a new temperature record for image-current mediated sympathetic cooling of a single proton in a cryogenic Penning trap by laser-cooled $^9$Be$^+$. An axial mode temperature of 170 mK is reached, which is a 15-fold improvement compared to the previous best value. Our cooling technique is applicable to any charged particle, so that the measurements presented here constitute a milestone towards the next generation of high-precision Penning-trap measurements with exotic particles., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

40. XLSSC 122 caught in the act of growing up: Spatially resolved SZ observations of a z=1.98 galaxy cluster

Author

van Marrewijk, J., Di Mascolo, L., Gill, A. S., Battaglia, N., Battistelli, E. S., Bond, J. R., Devlin, M. J., Doze, P., Dunkley, J., Knowles, K., Hincks, A., Hughes, J. P., Hilton, M., Moodley, K., Mroczkowski, T., Naess, S., Partridge, B., Popping, G., Sifón, C., Staggs, S. T., and Wollack, E. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

How protoclusters evolved from sparse galaxy overdensities to mature galaxy clusters is still not well understood. In this context, detecting and characterizing the hot ICM at high redshifts (z~2) is key to understanding how the continuous accretion from and mergers along the filamentary large-scale structure impact the first phases of cluster formation. We study the dynamical state and morphology of the z=1.98 galaxy cluster XLSSC 122 with high-resolution observations (~5") of the ICM through the SZ effect. Via Bayesian forward modeling, we map the ICM on scales from the virial radius down to the core of the cluster. To constrain such a broad range of spatial scales, we employ a new technique that jointly forward-models parametric descriptions of the pressure distribution to interferometric ACA and ALMA observations and multi-band imaging data from the 6-m, single-dish Atacama Cosmology Telescope. We detect the SZ effect with $11\sigma$ in the ALMA+ACA observations and find a flattened inner pressure profile that is consistent with a non-cool core classification with a significance of $>3\sigma$. In contrast to the previous works, we find better agreement between the SZ effect signal and the X-ray emission as well as the cluster member distribution. Further, XLSSC 122 exhibits an excess of SZ flux in the south of the cluster where no X-ray emission is detected. By reconstructing the interferometric observations and modeling in the uv-plane, we obtain a tentative detection of an infalling group or filamentary-like structure that is believed to boost and heat up the ICM while the density of the gas is low. In addition, we provide an improved SZ mass of $M_{500,\mathrm{c}} = 1.66^{+0.23}_{-0.20} \times 10^{14} \rm M_\odot$. Altogether, the observations indicate that we see XLSSC 122 in a dynamic phase of cluster formation while a large reservoir of gas is already thermalized.

Published
2023
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41. Cosmological shocks around galaxy clusters: A coherent investigation with DES, SPT & ACT

Author

Anbajagane, D., Chang, C., Baxter, E. J., Charney, S., Lokken, M., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Alves, O., Amon, A., An, R., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Bacon, D., Battaglia, N., Bechtol, K., Becker, M. R., Benson, B. A., Bernstein, G. M., Bleem, L., Bocquet, S., Bond, J. R., Brooks, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Chen, R., Choi, A., Costanzi, M., Crawford, T. M., Crocce, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., Davis, T. M., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Devlin, M. J., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Doux, C., Drlica-Wagner, A., Elvin-Poole, J., Ferrero, I., Ferte, A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Friedel, D., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., Giannini, G., Grandis, S., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Harrison, I., Hill, J. C., Hilton, M., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jarvis, M., Kuehn, K., Lin, M., MacCrann, N., Marshall, J. L., McCullough, J., McMahon, J. J., Mena-Fernandez, J., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Moodley, K., Mroczkowski, T., Myles, J., Naess, S., Navarro-Alsina, A., Ogando, R. L. C., Page, L. A., Palmese, A., Pandey, S., Patridge, B., Pieres, A., Malagon, A. A. Plazas, Porredon, A., Prat, J., Reichardt, C., Reil, K., Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Rollins, R. P., Romer, A. K., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Sanchez, C., Cid, D. Sanchez, Schaan, E., Schubnell, M., Secco, L. F., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Shin, T., Sifon, C., Smith, M., Staggs, S. T., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., To, C., Troxel, M. A., Tutusaus, I., Vavagiakis, E. M., Weaverdyck, N., Weller, J., Wiseman, P., Wollack, E. J., and Yanny, B.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We search for signatures of cosmological shocks in gas pressure profiles of galaxy clusters using the cluster catalogs from three surveys: the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3, the South Pole Telescope (SPT) SZ survey, and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) data releases 4, 5, and 6, and using thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) maps from SPT and ACT. The combined cluster sample contains around $10^5$ clusters with mass and redshift ranges $10^{13.7} < M_{\rm 200m}/M_\odot < 10^{15.5}$ and $0.1 < z < 2$, and the total sky coverage of the maps is $\approx 15,000 \,\,{\rm deg}^2$. We find a clear pressure deficit at $R/R_{\rm 200m}\approx 1.1$ in SZ profiles around both ACT and SPT clusters, estimated at $6\sigma$ significance, which is qualitatively consistent with a shock-induced thermal non-equilibrium between electrons and ions. The feature is not as clearly determined in profiles around DES clusters. We verify that measurements using SPT or ACT maps are consistent across all scales, including in the deficit feature. The SZ profiles of optically selected and SZ-selected clusters are also consistent for higher mass clusters. Those of less massive, optically selected clusters are suppressed on small scales by factors of 2-5 compared to predictions, and we discuss possible interpretations of this behavior. An oriented stacking of clusters -- where the orientation is inferred from the SZ image, the brightest cluster galaxy, or the surrounding large-scale structure measured using galaxy catalogs -- shows the normalization of the one-halo and two-halo terms vary with orientation. Finally, the location of the pressure deficit feature is statistically consistent with existing estimates of the splashback radius., Comment: [v2]: Version accepted to MNRAS

Published
2023

42. Almost Sure Convergence of Liouville First Passage Percolation

Author

VI, Charles Devlin

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability, Mathematical Physics, 60D05
Abstract

Liouville first passage percolation (LFPP) with parameter $\xi > 0$ is the family of random distance functions (metrics) $(D_h^{\epsilon})_{\epsilon > 0}$ on $\mathbb{C}$ obtained heuristically by integrating $e^{\xi h}$ along paths, where $h$ is a variant of the Gaussian free field. There is a critical value $\xi_{\text{crit}} \approx 0.41$ such that for $\xi \in (0, \xi_{\text{crit}})$, appropriately rescaled LFPP converges in probability uniformly on compact subsets of $\mathbb{C}$ to a limiting metric $D_h$ on $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity with $\gamma = \gamma(\xi) \in (0,2)$. We show that the convergence is almost sure, giving an affirmative answer to a question posed by Gwynne and Miller (2019)., Comment: 29 pages, 2 figures

Published
2023

43. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Cosmology from cross-correlations of unWISE galaxies and ACT DR6 CMB lensing

Author

Farren, Gerrit S., Krolewski, Alex, MacCrann, Niall, Ferraro, Simone, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, An, Rui, Atkins, Zachary, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bond, J. Richard, Calabrese, Erminia, Choi, Steve K., Darwish, Omar, Devlin, Mark J., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Matt, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Kim, Joshua, Louis, Thibaut, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Marques, Gabriela A., Moodley, Kavilan, Page, Lyman A., Partridge, Bruce, Qu, Frank J., Schaan, Emmanuel, Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake D., Sifón, Cristóbal, Staggs, Suzanne T., Van Engelen, Alexander, Vargas, Cristian, Wenzl, Lukas, White, Martin, and Wollack, Edward J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present tomographic measurements of structure growth using cross-correlations of Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) DR6 and Planck CMB lensing maps with the unWISE Blue and Green galaxy samples, which span the redshift ranges $0.2 \lesssim z \lesssim 1.1$ and $0.3 \lesssim z \lesssim 1.8$, respectively. We improve on prior unWISE cross-correlations not just by making use of the new, high-precision ACT DR6 lensing maps, but also by including additional spectroscopic data for redshift calibration and by analysing our measurements with a more flexible theoretical model. An extensive suite of systematic and null tests within a blind analysis framework ensures that our results are robust. We determine the amplitude of matter fluctuations at low redshifts ($z\simeq 0.2-1.6$), finding $S_8 \equiv \sigma_8 (\Omega_m / 0.3)^{0.5} = 0.813 \pm 0.021$ using the ACT cross-correlation alone and $S_8 = 0.810 \pm 0.015$ with a combination of Planck and ACT cross-correlations; these measurements are fully consistent with the predictions from primary CMB measurements assuming standard structure growth. The addition of Baryon Acoustic Oscillation data breaks the degeneracy between $\sigma_8$ and $\Omega_m$, allowing us to measure $\sigma_8 = 0.813 \pm 0.020$ from the cross-correlation of unWISE with ACT and $\sigma_8 = 0.813\pm 0.015$ from the combination of cross-correlations with ACT and Planck. These results also agree with the expectations from primary CMB extrapolations in $\Lambda$CDM cosmology; the consistency of $\sigma_8$ derived from our two redshift samples at $z \sim 0.6$ and $1.1$ provides a further check of our cosmological model. Our results suggest that structure formation on linear scales is well described by $\Lambda$CDM even down to low redshifts $z\lesssim 1$., Comment: 73 pages (incl. 31 pages of appendices), 52 figures, 16 tables, published in ApJ. Watch G. S. Farren and A. Krolewski discuss the analysis and results under https://cosmologytalks.com/2023/09/11/act-unwise

Published
2023
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44. Cosmology from Cross-Correlation of ACT-DR4 CMB Lensing and DES-Y3 Cosmic Shear

Author

Shaikh, S., Harrison, I., van Engelen, A., Marques, G. A., Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Alves, O., Amon, A., An, R., Bacon, D., Battaglia, N., Becker, M. R., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Blazek, J., Bond, J. R., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Calabrese, E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carretero, J., Cawthon, R., Chang, C., Chen, R., Choi, A., Choi, S. K., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., Darwish, O., Davis, T. M., Desai, S., Devlin, M., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Doux, C., Elvin-Poole, J., Farren, G. S., Ferraro, S., Ferrero, I., Ferté, A., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., Gatti, M., Giannini, G., Giardiello, S., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hill, J. C., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Huffenberger, K. M., Huterer, D., James, D. J., Jarvis, M., Jeffrey, N., Jense, H. T., Knowles, K., Kim, J., Kramer, D., Lahav, O., Lee, S., Lima, M., MacCrann, N., Madhavacheril, M. S., Marshall, J. L., McCullough, J., Mehta, Y., Mena-Fernández, J., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Moodley, K., Myles, J., Navarro-Alsina, A., Newburgh, L., Niemack, M. D., Omori, Y., Pandey, S., Partridge, B., Pieres, A., Malagón, A. A. Plazas, Porredon, A., Prat, J., Qu, F. J., Robertson, N., Rollins, R. P., Roodman, A., Samuroff, S., Sánchez, C., Sanchez, E., Cid, D. Sanchez, Secco, L. F., Sehgal, N., Sheldon, E., Sherwin, B. D., Shin, T., Smith, C. Sifón M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Troxel, M. A., Tutusaus, I., Vargas, C., Weaverdyck, N., Wiseman, P., Yamamoto, M., and Zuntz, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Cross-correlation between weak lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and weak lensing of galaxies offers a way to place robust constraints on cosmological and astrophysical parameters with reduced sensitivity to certain systematic effects affecting individual surveys. We measure the angular cross-power spectrum between the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) DR4 CMB lensing and the galaxy weak lensing measured by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Y3 data. Our baseline analysis uses the CMB convergence map derived from ACT-DR4 and $\textit{Planck}$ data, where most of the contamination due to the thermal Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect is removed, thus avoiding important systematics in the cross-correlation. In our modelling, we consider the nuisance parameters of the photometric uncertainty, multiplicative shear bias and intrinsic alignment of galaxies. The resulting cross-power spectrum has a signal-to-noise ratio $= 7.1$ and passes a set of null tests. We use it to infer the amplitude of the fluctuations in the matter distribution ($S_8 \equiv \sigma_8 (\Omega_{\rm m}/0.3)^{0.5} = 0.782\pm 0.059$) with informative but well-motivated priors on the nuisance parameters. We also investigate the validity of these priors by significantly relaxing them and checking the consistency of the resulting posteriors, finding them consistent, albeit only with relatively weak constraints. This cross-correlation measurement will improve significantly with the new ACT-DR6 lensing map and form a key component of the joint 6x2pt analysis between DES and ACT., Comment: 26 pages, 30 figures (including appendices). Data associated with this article is available at https://github.com/itrharrison/actdr4kappa-x-desy3gamma-data

Published
2023
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45. Ultra thin polymer foil cryogenic window for antiproton deceleration and storage

Author

Latacz, B. M., Arndt, B. P., Devlin, J. A., Erlewein, S. R., Fleck, M., Jäger, J. I., Micke, P., Umbrazunas, G., Wursten, E., Abbass, F., Schweitzer, D., Wiesinger, M., Will, C., Yildiz, H., Blaum, K., Matsuda, Y., Mooser, A., Ospelkaus, C., Smorra, C., Sótér, A., Quint, W., Walz, J., Yamazaki, Y., and Ulmer, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We present the design and characterisation of a cryogenic window based on an ultra-thin aluminised PET foil at T < 10K, which can withstand a pressure difference larger than 1bar at a leak rate < $1\times 10^{-9}$ mbar$\cdot$ l/s. Its thickness of approximately 1.7 $\mu$m makes it transparent to various types of particles over a broad energy range. To optimise the transfer of 100keV antiprotons through the window, we tested the degrading properties of different aluminium coated PET foils of thicknesses between 900nm and 2160nm, concluding that 1760nm foil decelerates antiprotons to an average energy of 5 keV. We have also explicitly studied the permeation as a function of coating thickness and temperature, and have performed extensive thermal and mechanical endurance and stress tests. Our final design integrated into the experiment has an effective open surface consisting of 7 holes with 1 mm diameter and will transmit up to 2.5% of the injected 100keV antiproton beam delivered by the AD/ELENA-facility of CERN.

Published
2023

46. Trap-integrated fluorescence detection based on silicon photomultipliers in a cryogenic Penning trap

Author

Wiesinger, Markus, Stuhlmann, Florian, Bohman, Matthew A., Micke, Peter, Will, Christian, Yildiz, Hüseyin, Abbass, Fatma, Arndt, Bela P., Devlin, Jack A., Erlewein, Stefan, Fleck, Markus, Jäger, Julia I., Latacz, Barbara M., Schweitzer, Daniel, Umbrazunas, Gilbertas, Wursten, Elise, Blaum, Klaus, Matsuda, Yasuyuki, Mooser, Andreas, Quint, Wolfgang, Soter, Anna, Walz, Jochen, Smorra, Christian, and Ulmer, Stefan

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We present a fluorescence-detection system for laser-cooled 9Be+ ions based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) operated at 4 K and integrated into our cryogenic 1.9 T multi-Penning-trap system. Our approach enables fluorescence detection in a hermetically-sealed cryogenic Penning-trap chamber with limited optical access, where state-of-the-art detection using a telescope and photomultipliers at room temperature would be extremely difficult. We characterize the properties of the SiPM in a cryocooler at 4 K, where we measure a dark count rate below 1/s and a detection efficiency of 2.5(3) %. We further discuss the design of our cryogenic fluorescence-detection trap, and analyze the performance of our detection system by fluorescence spectroscopy of 9Be+ ion clouds during several runs of our experiment., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures

Published
2023

47. Preparing Young Children for School. Educator's Practice Guide. WWC 2022009

Author

National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (NCEE) (ED/IES), What Works Clearinghouse (WWC), Instructional Research Group (IRG), Burchinal, Margaret R., Krowka, Sarah, Newman-Gonchar, Rebecca, Jayanthi, Madhavi, Gersten, Russell, Wavell, Samantha, Lyskawa, Julia, Haymond, Kelly, Bierman, Karen, Gonzalez, Jorge E., McClelland, Megan M., Nelson, Kimberly, Pentimonti, Jill, Purpura, David J., Sachs, Jason, Sarama, Julie, Schlesinger-Devlin, Elizabeth, Washington, Julie, and Rosen, Emily

Abstract

By learning social-emotional, executive function, mathematics, and literacy skills in preschool, children are likely to be better prepared for the higher expectations and more formal curriculum in elementary school. Ensuring that all children are well prepared for elementary school is a priority for parents, caregivers, guardians, and policy makers. To address this priority, the What Works Clearinghouse™ (WWC), in conjunction with an expert panel, distilled recent contemporary research into seven easily comprehensible and practical recommendations for preschool educators to use to help prepare children for school. Recommendations 1 and 2 focus on practices to improve children's social-emotional and executive function skills. Recommendations 3 and 4 focus on practices for helping children understand foundational topics in mathematics. Recommendations 5, 6, and 7 focus on ways to improve children's vocabulary, letter knowledge, print recognition, and comprehension. Across these seven recommendations, the expert panel addressed five overarching themes that are central to providing instruction in preschool. The themes are: (1) The importance of intentional instruction; (2) The importance of interaction and conversation; (3) The importance of lessons building sequentially; (4) The importance of scheduling time for intentional learning; and (5) The importance of recognizing everyone's backgrounds and experiences. This guide is designed for educators working in preschool classrooms or for those personnel supervising teachers and overseeing educational practices for preschool programs. It is also for center and program directors and educational coordinators, as well as district or state personnel involved in adopting curricula for preschool programs. Parents, caregivers, and guardians can also use this guide to understand which features of preschool education might be helpful for preparing children for school. [For the Practice Guide Introduction, see ED621925.]

Published
2022

48. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: High-resolution component-separated maps across one-third of the sky

Author

Coulton, William R., Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Hill, J. Colin, Abril-Cabezas, Irene, Ade, Peter A. R., Aiola, Simone, Alford, Tommy, Amiri, Mandana, Amodeo, Stefania, An, Rui, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason E., Battaglia, Nicholas, Battistelli, Elia Stefano, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Biermann, Emily, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J Richard, Cai, Hongbo, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Capalbo, Valentina, Carrero, Felipe, Chesmore, Grace E., Cho, Hsiao-mei, Choi, Steve K., Clark, Susan E., Rosado, Rodrigo Córdova, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crowley, Kevin T., Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon, Doze, Peter, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Fanfani, Valentina, Fankhanel, Max, Farren, Gerrit, Ferraro, Simone, Freundt, Rodrigo, Fuzia, Brittany, Gallardo, Patricio A., Garrido, Xavier, Givans, Jahmour, Gluscevic, Vera, Golec, Joseph E., Guan, Yilun, Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hasselfield, Matthew, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Huber, Zachary B., Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Irwin, Kent, Isopi, Giovanni, Jense, Hidde T., Keller, Ben, Kim, Joshua, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kramer, Darby, Kusiak, Aleksandra, La Posta, Adrien, Lakey, Victoria, Lee, Eunseong, Li, Zack, Li, Yaqiong, Limon, Michele, Lokken, Martine, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, MacCrann, Niall, MacInnis, Amanda, Maldonado, Diego, Maldonado, Felipe, Mallaby-Kay, Maya, Marques, Gabriela A., van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, McCarthy, Fiona, McMahon, Jeff, Mehta, Yogesh, Menanteau, Felipe, Moodley, Kavilan, Morris, Thomas W., Mroczkowski, Tony, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nolta, Michael R., Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman A., Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Prince, Heather, Puddu, Roberto, Qu, Frank J., Radiconi, Federico, Robertson, Naomi, Rojas, Felipe, Sakuma, Tai, Salatino, Maria, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmitt, Benjamin L., Sehgal, Neelima, Shaikh, Shabbir, Sherwin, Blake D., Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jon, Sifón, Cristóbal, Simon, Sara, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne T., Storer, Emilie, Switzer, Eric R., Tampier, Niklas, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vale, Leila R., Van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Vargas, Cristian, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Wagoner, Kasey, Wang, Yuhan, Wenzl, Lukas, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zago, Fernando, and Zheng, Kaiwen

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Observations of the millimeter sky contain valuable information on a number of signals, including the blackbody cosmic microwave background (CMB), Galactic emissions, and the Compton-$y$ distortion due to the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect. Extracting new insight into cosmological and astrophysical questions often requires combining multi-wavelength observations to spectrally isolate one component. In this work, we present a new arcminute-resolution Compton-$y$ map, which traces out the line-of-sight-integrated electron pressure, as well as maps of the CMB in intensity and E-mode polarization, across a third of the sky (around 13,000 sq.~deg.). We produce these through a joint analysis of data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 4 and 6 at frequencies of roughly 93, 148, and 225 GHz, together with data from the \textit{Planck} satellite at frequencies between 30 GHz and 545 GHz. We present detailed verification of an internal linear combination pipeline implemented in a needlet frame that allows us to efficiently suppress Galactic contamination and account for spatial variations in the ACT instrument noise. These maps provide a significant advance, in noise levels and resolution, over the existing \textit{Planck} component-separated maps and will enable a host of science goals including studies of cluster and galaxy astrophysics, inferences of the cosmic velocity field, primordial non-Gaussianity searches, and gravitational lensing reconstruction of the CMB., Comment: The Compton-y map and associated products will be made publicly available upon publication of the paper. The CMB T and E mode maps will be made available when the DR6 maps are made public

Published
2023

49. A proposal for a low-frequency axion search in the 1-2 $\mu$eV range and below with the BabyIAXO magnet

Author

Ahyoune, S., Melcón, A. Álvarez, Cuendis, S. Arguedas, Calatroni, S., Cogollos, C., Devlin, J., Díaz-Morcillo, A., Díez-Ibáñez, D., Döbrich, B., Galindo, J., Gallego, J. D., García-Barceló, J. M., Gimeno, B., Golm, J., Gu, Y., Herwig, L., Irastorza, I. G., Lozano-Guerrero, A. J., Malbrunot, C., Miralda-Escudé, J., Monzó-Cabrera, J., Navarro, P., Navarro-Madrid, J. R., Redondo, J., Reina-Valero, J., Schmieden, K., Schneemann, T., Siodlaczek, M., Ulmer, S., and Wuensch, W.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In the near future BabyIAXO will be the most powerful axion helioscope, relying on a custom-made magnet of two bores of 70 cm diameter and 10 m long, with a total available magnetic volume of more than 7 m$^3$. In this document, we propose and describe the implementation of low-frequency axion haloscope setups suitable for operation inside the BabyIAXO magnet. The RADES proposal has a potential sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling $g_{a\gamma}$ down to values corresponding to the KSVZ model, in the (currently unexplored) mass range between 1 and 2$~\mu$eV, after a total effective exposure of 440 days. This mass range is covered by the use of four differently dimensioned 5-meter-long cavities, equipped with a tuning mechanism based on inner turning plates. A setup like the one proposed would also allow an exploration of the same mass range for hidden photons coupled to photons. An additional complementary apparatus is proposed using LC circuits and exploring the low energy range ($\sim10^{-4}-10^{-1}~\mu$eV). The setup includes a cryostat and cooling system to cool down the BabyIAXO bore down to about 5 K, as well as appropriate low-noise signal amplification and detection chain.

Published
2023
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50. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Millimeter Observations of a Population of Asteroids or: ACTeroids

Author

Orlowski-Scherer, John, Venterea, Ricco, Battaglia, Nicholas, Naess, Sigurd, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Biermann, Emily, Calabrese, Erminia, Devlin, Mark, Dunkley, Jo, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Gallardo, Patricio A., Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Knowles, Kenda, Li, Yaqiong, McMahon, Jefferey J., Niemack, Michael D., Page, Lyman A., Partridge, Bruce, Salatino, Maria, Sievers, Jonathan, Sifon, Cristobal, Staggs, Suzanne, Van Engelen, Alexander, Vargas, Cristian, Vavagiakis, Eve M., and Wollack, Edward J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present fluxes and light curves for a population of asteroids at millimeter (mm) wavelengths, detected by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) over 18, 000 deg2 of the sky using data from 2017 to 2021. We utilize high cadence maps, which can be used in searching for moving objects such as asteroids and trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs), as well as for studying transients. We detect 160 asteroids with a signal-to-noise of at least 5 in at least one of the ACT observing bands, which are centered near 90, 150, and 220 GHz. For each asteroid, we compare the ACT measured flux to predicted fluxes from the Near Earth Asteroid Thermal Model (NEATM) fit to WISE data. We confirm previous results that detected a deficit of flux at millimeter wavelengths. Moreover, we report a spectral characteristic to this deficit, such that the flux is relatively lower at 150 and 220 GHz than at 90 GHz. Additionally, we find that the deficit in flux is greater for S-type asteroids than for C-type., Comment: 15 pages, 9 Figures, 4 Tables

Published
2023

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